Insights Into the Cultural Heritage Landscape a Reader Stemming
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Insights into the Cultural Heritage Landscape a Reader stemming from an ERASMUS Intensive Programme Project “European Cultural Management Policies and Practices for the Creative Use of Cultural Heritage” (2013, Pécs, Hungary) Editor: Teréz Kleisz PhD Lector: Dezső Kovács PhD ISBN 9785-963-642-534-0 Technical editor: László Bodó Published by: University of Pécs, Faculty of Adult Education and Human Resource Development (FEEK) Pécs, 2014. 1 Contents Teréz Kleisz The Growth in the Cultural Heritage Field ................................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR CULTURE ........................................................................... 11 Nikolaos Avouris – Nikoleta Yiannoutsou – Christos Sintoris Interactive Technologies for Informal Learning in Museums Through Games and Stories ....................... 12 Nikoleta Yiannoutsou, Nikolaos Avouris and Christos Sintoris Designing Mobile Games for Learning in Sites of Cultural Heritage ......................................................... 32 Balázs Vendler Gamification – Beyond the Buzzword ...................................................................................................... 34 CHAPTER 2. CITY MAPPING AND PERCEPTION OF THE CITY ................................................................................................. 40 Panayotis Pangalos – Vassiliki Petridou INFOCITY: New Cities Reading & Promotion System ................................................................................ 41 Álvaro Campelo Metropolises. New spaces of Urban Heritage .......................................................................................... 46 Vassiliki Petridou – Eleni Antonelli – Anastasia Rousopoulou – Athina Spiliotopoulou Patras Re-Identification Proposals: Three Demonstrating Proposals for Re-Branding the City ................. 61 Enikő Demény –Diána Jandala – Victor Kiraly – Hugo Morango – Marco Novo – Ana Reina – Emilia Robescu – Anastasia Rousopoulou Heritage and Community Involment in Uránváros (Housing district of Pécs, Hungary) ............................ 72 CHAPTER 3 NEW APPROACHES IN HERITAGE EDUCATION AND MUSEUM EDUCATION ............................................................... 81 Álvaro Campelo Creative Industry, Museums: The Mediation of Cultural Heritage ........................................................... 82 Zsuzsa Koltai Heritage Education- Museum Education .................................................................................................. 87 Vilja Arató – Bálint Takács The Use of Interactive Media in Children’s Museums .............................................................................. 92 CHAPTER 4. ROLES IN MAPPING, DEFINING AND BUILDING RECOGNITION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE ........................................... 97 Tünde Minorics The Inscription Process of the First Item in the Hungarian Representative List of Intangible Heritage .... 98 Dezső Kovács Development Stages and Conflicts of the First Living World Heritage Village Hollókő, Hungary ............ 105 Dezső Kovács Heritage Site Management Plan ............................................................................................................ 109 UNESCO World Heritage Center 122 State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe .............................................................. 122 CHAPTER 5. POLITICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE ............................................................................................................... 126 Álvaro Campelo Cultural Policy and Politics of Culture: Communities and Society .......................................................... 127 Mária Husz Main Aspects of Cultural Heritage Policy ............................................................................................... 134 Inez Zsófia Koller How Do Politics Shape Culture? ............................................................................................................. 141 3 CHAPTER 6. THE IMPACT OF MAJOR EVENTS .................................................................................................................. 148 Ágnes Simon Pécs 2010 European Capital of Culture – Success or Failure? ................................................................ 149 Balázs Németh Learning Regions, Regional Development and New Roles for Higher Education through the European Lifelong Learning Initiative ..................................................................................................................... 156 CHAPTER 7: USEFUL SOURCES OF INFORMATION ............................................................................................................ 172 Anna Magdolna Sipos Webguide for Reaching the Institutions and Collections of Cultural Heritage ........................................ 173 CULTURAL HERITAGE RESEARCH POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION .......................................................................... 181 ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS ........................................................................................................................................ 184 4 The Growth in the Cultural Heritage Field TERÉZ KLEISZ The Growth in the Cultural Heritage Field Introductory Notes In recent years an expansion of heritage sites has been seen and an increase in the manifestation of heritage consciousness in the world could be perceived. Heritage–making processes by different actors, namely nations and increasingly local or regional communities, various minority groups and indigenous communities - they markedly contribute to displaying their own cultural distinctiveness and (re)constructing identities through ongoing engagements. Natural wonders, tangible artefacts (monuments, buildings, cities, bridges, landscapes, seascapes, digital texts and images and intangible cultural phenomena (expressive art forms and rituals, oral performative acts, distinctive practices, knowledge and skills of people, living folklore, etc.) all may qualify as belonging to the domain of heritage. That’s why multidisciplinary angles are required to explore heritage issues. Potentially anything in the human world can be defined as heritage and worthy of protection and re-use if it is interpreted as such. (Re)evaluation is based on the notion of relevance in the present-day. In our world of pluralist modes of thinking and multiple perspectives, the principle of cultural freedom for interpretation and questioning established heritage forms of all kinds is both strengthened or, according to the given social relations of power, often challenged. The process of interpreting can be considered as part of our social learning, all of us are brought up surrounded by „heritages” defined by the contexts we live in and stories that are told and countlessly retold shaping our collective sense-making. The present era of cultural diversity makes us much more conscious of the plurality (and rivalry) of interpretations. Over the last decades an enourmous growth in heritage discourse has appeared characterized by a growing diversity and richness. This discourse has been prompted by the ’identity-talk’ or ’identity politics ’ in social and cultural sciences, adding to the so called ’cultural turn’ or interpretative shifts in the academic field that promoted a new wave of memory studies and narratologies. Not only the cultural and moral aspects are important here but the economic dimension as well. The term ’heritage industry” has spread lately alongside the actual business and investment practices and financial benefits accrued in and by the field of international heritage and cultural tourism. Worldwide there is a growing interest in travelling and seeking out interesting and authentic human experiences, exploring new life-worlds beyond the visitors’ own, so cultural and heritage tourism seems to be on the rise. Advocating and applying sustainable tourism principles can be not only a source of economic benefit but may act as a tool for empowering local citizen groups. Cultural practitioners, especially museum experts are key players in displaying different forms of heritage and at present they show renewed impetus to evoke alternative versions of previously dominant interpretations. It is not easy to make sense of this rapid and dynamic development but it is obvious that heritage attraction development and innovative modes of presentation became embraced by different cultural intermediary professions and the field is perceived as a resource of multiple value. Involving the public, engaging civil society, community development and creating partnerships are all part of the cultural practitioners’ portfolio in all aspects of people-centred heritage management that favours participatory approaches all across the board. Heritage is seen not only as a memory base of communities that needs to be preserved but as a resource that can trigger innovation and can act as a force for revitalization in rural or urban development as well. UNESCO has become a strong advocate for promoting the idea of preserving and displaying unique human treasures of universal value, the great icons of civilisations as items of world heritage. (World Heritage Convention 1972). Governments that sign the Convention realize that it brings responsibilities and duties to 5 Teréz Kleisz conserve not only the World Heritage sites situated on their territory, but also to protect their national heritages. Each country that ratified the