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Bitstream 33718.Pdf (7.375Mb) Културна прожимања: aнтрополошке перспективе ISBN 978-86-7587-071-5 INSTITUTE OF ETHNOGRAPHY SASA Collection of Papers, Volume 28 Cultural Permeations: Anthropological Perspectives Editor in chief: Dragana Radojičić Editor: Srđan Radović International editorial board: Radost Ivanova, Elephterios Alexakis, Jana Pospíšilová, Karl Kaser, Gabriela Kiliánová, Milica Bakić-Hayden, Ingrid Slavec-Gradišnik, Marina Martynova, Fernando Diego Del Vecchio, Kjell Magnusson, Tatiana Podolinska, Peter Finke Editorial board: Gojko Subotić, Sofija Miloradović, Jelena Čvorović, Srđan Radović, Aleksandra Pavićević, Lada Stevanović, Ildiko Erdei, Jelena Jovanović The reviewers: Ines Prica, Miroslava Lukić Krstanović, Ljiljana Gavrilović, Mladena Prelić, Biljana Sikimić, Miroslava Malešević, Sanja Zlatanović, Saša Nedeljković, Mirjana Pavlović, Branko Ćupurdija, Aleksandar Krel, Maja Đukanović, Lidija Vujačić, Maja Godina Golija, Ana Luleva, Miroslav Valka Secretary: Marija Đokić The content of the publication was accepted at the meeting of the Editorial board of the Institute of Ethnography SASA, February 28th 2013 BELGRADE 2013 ISBN 978-86-7587-071-5 ЕТНОГРАФСКИ ИНСТИТУТ САНУ Зборник 28 Културна прожимања: aнтрополошке перспективе Главни и одговорни уредник: Драгана Радојичић Уредник: Срђан Радовић Међународни уређивачки одбор: Радост Иванова, Елефтериос Алексакис, Јана Поспишилова, Карл Касер, Габриела Килианова, Милица Бакић-Хејден, Ингрид Славец-Градишник, Марина Мартинова, Фернандо Диего Дел Векио, Шел Магнусон, Татиана Подолинска, Петер Финке Уређивачки одбор: Гојко Суботић, Софија Милорадовић, Јелена Чворовић, Срђан Радовић, Александра Павићевић, Лада Стевановић, Илдико Ердеи, Јелена Јовановић Рецензентски тим: Инес Прица, Мирослава Лукић Крстановић, Љиљана Гавриловић, Младена Прелић, Биљана Сикимић, Мирослава Малешевић, Сања Златановић, Саша Недељковић, Мирјана Павловић, Бранко Ћупурдија, Александар Крел, Маја Ђукановић, Лидија Вујачић, Маја Година Голија, Ана Лулева, Мирослав Валка Секретар уредништва: Марија Ђокић Садржај Зборника бр. 28 усвојен је на седници Редакције Етнографског института САНУ одржаној 28. фебруара 2013. године БЕОГРАД 2013 Издавач: ЕТНОГРАФСКИ ИНСТИТУТ САНУ Кнез Михаилова 36/IV, Београд, тел. 011-2636-804 [email protected] www.etno-institut.co.rs Лектор: Софија Милорадовић Превод: Соња Жакула аутори текстова Дизајн корица Ивица Стевић Техничка припрема: Академска издања Штампа: Академска издања Београд Тираж: 500 примерака Радови сарадника ЕИ САНУ у овом Зборнику су са пројекта: 177026, који у целини финансира Министарство просвете, науке и технолошког развоја Републике Србије Штампање публикације финансирано је из средстава Министарства просвете, науке и технолошког развоја Републике Србије Садржај Contents Срђан Радовић, Културе, прожимања, границе: антрополошке (и друге) перспективе 7 Srđan Radović, Cultures, Permeations, Boundaries: Anthropological (and Other) Perspectives 12 Културе, Границе, Други Cultures, Boundaries, Others Ingrid Slavec Gradišnik, Culture and Boundaries: Antiquated, Useful, or Vital Concepts? 15 Ингрид Славец Градишник, Култура и границе: застарели, корисни или кључни концепти? 29 Соња Жакула, (Не) разумети Дарвина: еволуција и конструкција границе између људи и животиња 31 Sonja Žakula, (Mis)Understanding Darwin: Evolution and Cultural Conceptualization of the Human-Animal Boundary in Anthropological Perspective 49 Сања Лазаревић Радак, Симболичка географија Балкана: гранични простор у енглеским и америчким путописима 1835–1909. 51 Sanja Lazarević Radak, Symbolic Geography of the Balkans: A Border Space in English and American Travelogues 1835–1909 63 Културе и границе на Балкану Cultures and Boundaries in the Balkans Ana Luleva, Communities and Boundaries along the Southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coastline 67 Ана Лулева, Заједнице и границе дуж јужне бугарске обале Црног мора 76 Evgenia Troeva, The Rhodopes: Perceptions about Boundaries 77 Евгенија Троева, Родопи: перцепције и границе 87 Maria Markova,The Creation of Local Community and Identity. Boundaries in the Bulgarian Town of Kardzhali 89 Марија Маркова, Стварање локалне заједнице и идентитета. Границе у бугарском граду Карџали 106 Милош Луковић, Културна граница у искуству чешког лекара др Бохумила Боучека поводом боравка у Црној Гори 1875/76. године 107 Miloš Luković, Cultural Boundary in the Experience of Czech Doctor Bohumul Bouček Regarding his Stay in Montenegro 1875/76 121 5 Културна прожимања: aнтрополошке перспективе Културе и границе у Средњој Европи Cultures and Boundaries in Central Europe Јана Поспишилова, Приче са моравско-словачке границе 125 Jana Pospíšilová, Stories from the Moravian-Slovakian Border 135 Gabriela Kiliánová, Perception of Differences? One Cultural Phenomenon in Two Language Groups – Contribution to the Research of Symbolic Group Boundaries 137 Габриела Килианова, Перцепција разлика? Један културни феномен у две језичке групе. Прилог истраживању симболичких граница група 144 Saša Poljak Istenič, Language and Identity: Vignettes on Language Use among Members of the Slovenian Minority in Austrian Carinthia 145 Саша Пољак Истенич, Језик и идентитет: вињете о употреби језика међу члановима словеначке мањине у аустријској Корушкој 157 Filip Škiljan, Položaj Roma u Međimurju i varaždinsko-koprivničkoj Podravini i usporedba s položajem Roma u slovenskom Prekomurju i Mađarskoj 159 Filip Škiljan, Situation of the Romani in Medjimurje and the Region of Varaždinsko-Koprivnička Podravina and Comparison with their Situation in Prekmurje (Slovenia) and Hungary 191 Културе и границе у Банату Cultures and Boundaries in Banat Michal Pavlásek, Cross-Border Nationalism and Religious Fellowship. A Case Study of the Czech Protestant Community in Serbia 195 Михал Павласек, Прекогранични национализам и религијско заједништво. Студија случаја чешке протестантске заједнице у Србији 208 Sînziana Preda, Survival and Identity. Baptist Czechs from Banat. 209 Синзиана Преда, Преживљавање и идентитет. Чеси баптисти у Банату 216 Александра Ђурић-Миловановић, Конфесионалне границе у Банату: пример Срба у Банатској клисури 217 Aleksandra Đurić-Milovanović, Confessional Borders in Banat: the Case of Serbs in the Danube Gorge 228 Мирча Маран, Румуни у Банату. Особености идентитета 229 Mircea Maran, The Romanians in Banat. Particularities of Identity 238 Јована Диковић, Компаративна етнографија односа становника Баната према земљи – земља као симболички ресурс 239 Jovana Diković, Comparative Ethnography of Banat’s Inhabitants Stances towards their Land: Land as a Symbolic Resource 250 6 УДК 316.722 Срђан Радовић Етнографски институт САНУ, Београд [email protected] Културе, прожимања, границе: антрополошке (и друге) перспективе Динамика савремених друштава и култура (а у великој мери то важи и за традиционалне заједнице) условљена је у знатној мери све интензивнијим додирима и међузависношћу различитих друштвених група, при чему њихови међусобни односи условљавају промене и нове елементе у култури и идентитету појединих заједница. Релациони фактор у изградњи идентитета и културних феномена показује се као веома битан: како З. Голубовић наводи, сваки идентитет претпоставља неког ‘другог’, односно, постоји комплементарност између ‘ја’ (или ‘ми’) и другог (других), што значи да сваки међусобни однос подразумева одређивање властитог сопства од стране другог, и обратно. Идентитети и културе конституишу се тако и кроз разлику/разлике, ичиме он представљају и релационе категорије, те су истост и различитост симболички конструисани кроз системе репрезентација у односу према осталима. Значајан број истраживача из оквира антропологије, социологије и других дисциплина наводи да културе и идентитети не постоје као супстанцијалистичко стање, већ пре свега настају и опстају у ситуацији, као производ интеракције, где се 'ја' изграђује у односу са другим. Још од истраживачког обрата отпочетог седамдесетих година, истиче се међузависност друштвених група и колективних идентитета, који настају и одржавају се путем релационих односа укључивања и искључивања. Друштвене скупине (националне, етничке, религијске и друге) тако не представљају самодовољне културне изолате, већ између њих долази до сталног преговарања и евалуирања међусобних разлика и граница. Најкасније са Ф. Бартом долази до повећаног интереса за питања конструкције и одржавања симболичких граница између друштвених група: управо граница, а не одређени културни садржај, и иначе променљивог идентитета, понекад се поставља као средишња тема истраживања. Како А. Коен наводи, са антрополошке тачке гледања, границе у бити представљају ствар свести и искуства, а у знатно мањој мери – закона и чињеничног стања. Истраживање (антрополошких) граница између друштвених група без узимања у обзир културних садржаја који те границе испуњавају доживело је критике, поготово имајући у виду да се, како наводи М. Прелић, све више уважава чињеница да је класификаторска делатност нужан услов друштвеног живота, а границе између социјално конструисаних ентитета најчешће се перпетуирају симболичким средствима. Тиме се међусобне границе, граничност и 7 Културна прожимања: aнтрополошке перспективе разликовање постављају као важна истраживачка питања, која откривају начине конституисања и диференцирања одређених друштвених скупина, истовремено указујући на које начине и када долази до културног прожимања или трансфера преко тих црта друштвеног и културног раздвајања. Тако поимане границе, друштвено конструисане црте раздвајања али и преласка, као и фактичке границе (пре свега, политичке) – као фактори
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