Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Trypoxylini) in North America
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Russian Entomol. J. 11 (4): 437439 © RUSSIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2002 On the occurrence of Trypoxylon attenuatum F. Smith, 1951 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Trypoxylini) in North America Î ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè Trypoxylon attenuatum F. Smith, 1951 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Trypoxylini) â Ñåâåðíîé Àìåðèêå A.V. Antropov À.Â. Àíòðîïîâ Zoological Museum of Moscow Lomonosov State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya str., 6, Moscow 125009 Russia. Çîîëîãè÷åñêèé ìóçåé Ìîñêîâñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà èì. Ì.Â. Ëîìîíîñîâà, Áîëüøàÿ Íèêèòñêàÿ óë., 6, Ìîñêâà 125009 Ðîññèÿ. KEY WORDS: taxonomy, Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Trypoxylini, Trypoxylon. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: òàêñîíîìèÿ, Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Trypoxylini, Trypoxylon. ABSTRACT. Trypoxylon attenuatum F. Smith, T. backi Sandhouse, 1940 described from Balti- 1851 is mentioned for the Nearctic fauna for the first more (USA: Maryland) was also synonymized by R.E. time. It became the fourth species of the genus, occa- Coville [in: Krombein et al., 1979] with another Europe- sionally introduced from Europe and successfully ac- an species T. kolazyi Kohl, 1893; climated in the New World. An illustrated key for the T. clavicerum Lepeletier et Serville, 1828 was North American members of the Trypoxylon figulus mentioned for the first time from the Great Lakes Region species-group is given. of the United States and Canada by R.E. Coville [1984]. In my systematic studies of the tribe Trypoxylini, I ÐÅÇÞÌÅ. Äëÿ Íåàðêòèêè âïåðâûå óêàçàí Try- have discovered several additional species introduced poxylon attenuatum F. Smith, 1851, êîòîðûé ñòàë into the New World from Oriental and Palaearctic ÷åòâåðòûì âèäîì ðîäà, çàâåçåííûì èç Åâðîïû è Regions. In this paper T. attenuatum F. Smith, 1851 is óñïåøíî àêêëèìàòèçèðîâàâøèìñÿ â Íîâîì Ñâåòå. mentioning from the Nearctic Region for the first time. Ïðèâåäåíà èëëþñòðèðîâàííàÿ îïðåäåëèòåëüíàÿ It is one of the widespread west Palaearctic species of òàáëèöà äëÿ ñåâåðîàìåðèêàíñêèõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé the genus, occurring in the Old World from Morocco ãðóïïû âèäîâ Trypoxylon figulus. and Portugal in the west to Kazakhstan in the east [Antropov, 1991]. Introduction Trypoxylon attenuatum F. Smith, 1851 Seventeen species of the nominative subgenus Try- poxylon Latreille, 1796 belonging to 8 species-groups Trypoxylon attenuatum F. Smith, 1851: 120, $. Lectotype: #, Great Britain: Bristol [Oxford University Museum]: Antropov, 1991. were known in North America up to now [Sandhouse, = Trypoxylon Hannibalis Gribodo, 1894: Antropov, 1991. 1940; Bohart, Menke, 1976; Krombein et al., 1979]. The Specimens of T. attenuatum examined: 2 $$, 2 ##: U.S.A.: species-groups Trypoxylon figulus and T. clavicerum VERMONT: Rutland Co., Castleton, 1819 VI 1989, coll. are represented in both Nearctic and Palaearctic Re- Howard V. Weems, Jr.; 2 $$: U.S.A.: VERMONT: Rutland Co., Castleton, 20 June 1989, coll. Lloyd R. Davis, Jr. [American gions, and the rest 6 groups are endemic for the New Entomological Institute Gainsville, Florida, U.S.A.] World. Analysis of the regional faunas shows that only At first I assumed those examples to be a result of two species T. frigidum F. Smith, 1856 and T. pennsyl- occasional introduction. But last year I have studied many vanicum de Saussure, 1867 (T. figulus species-group) materials of this species, sent by Dr. Matthias Buck [Insect having transpacific distribution, are really Holarctic forms. Collection, Department of Environmental Biology. Universi- Three other common representatives of the genus, men- ty of Guelph Guelph, Ontario, Canada]. The specimens, tioned at first from eastern Canada or United States, were collected in several counties of southern Ontario, Canada (M. obviously introduced from Western Europe into North Buck, in press.) and USA, were compared with the examples from various parts of Palaearctic Region, and no differences America, where they have successfully acclimated: between them were found. The oldest known specimen from Trypoxylon apicalis W. Fox, 1891 described the New World is a female from Guelph, Ontario, taken on 11 from Canada was later synonymized with T. figulus September 1960. Thus, T. attenuatum was probably intro- (Linnaeus, 1758) by V.S.L. Pate [1943]; duced into eastern North America in 5060th of the last 438 A.V. Antropov century. Today T. attenuatum became the second most com- scarcely concave apically trapeziform medial projection mon representative of the genus in southern Ontario after T. (Fig. 6); distance between eye orbit and lateral ocellus less frigidum (M. Buck, personal communication). than half of ocellar diameter. #: head postero-ventrally In the most complete recent key to the Nearctic species of between occipital and hypostomal carinae smooth; dis- the genus Trypoxylon (s.str.) [Sandhouse, 1940] T. attenua- tance between eye orbit and lateral ocellus less than tum runs to T. bidentatum W. Fox, 1891 or T. pennsylvanicum ocellar diameter; antennal apical article distinctly longer two resembling species it has been confused with, even than four previous ones together (Fig. 13); abdominal though their males (particularly in the structure of genitalia) sternite VIII broadly trapeziform, with short apico-lateral are clearly different. An illustrated key demonstrating the teeth (Fig. 17); volsella (lateral view) broad, rounded differences between the North American members of T. apically (Fig. 19); inner basal lobe of paramere broadly figulus species-group is given below. rounded, without long bristles; paramere divided into two lobes almost to the level of penis valve middle; dorsal KEY TO THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF TRYPOXYLON FIGULUS apical lobe of paramere narrow basally, broadened apical- SPECIES-GROUP ly; ventral lobe broad and narrowed to its apex; penis valve with right preapical lateral angle (Fig. 21) ........... ........................... Trypoxylon bidentatum W. Fox, 1891 1. First abdominal segment (dorsal view) 22.5 times its maxi- mum width; distances between inner eye orbits at vertex 4. Smaller species (in average). Apical margin of clypeus straight or slightly curved between orbit and medial and at clypeal level approximately equal to each other 2 projection (Fig. 7); subantennal sclerite less than twice as First abdominal segment (dorsal view) at least 33.5 times broad as long. $: head frontally more rounded; distance its maximum width; distance between inner eye orbits at between eye orbit and antennal socket less than a diameter vertex distinctly more than that at clypeal level .......... 3 of lateral ocellus; distance between eye orbit and lateral 2. Lager species (in average). Supraantennal tubercle simply ocellus equal to half of ocellar diameter. #: middle roundly convex (Fig. 1). $: clypeal surface coriaceous, with large punctures; metacoxal pit large, oval, usually antennal articles almost straight posteriorly (Fig. 14); ventral lobe of paramere parallel sided almost up to its covered with light bristles. #: antennal apical article rounded apex, setose ventrally; penis valve weakly broad- approximately 3 times its maximum width (Fig. 10) ..... ened towards preapical lateral angle (Fig. 22) ............... ............................ Trypoxylon figulus (Linnaeus, 1758) ............ Trypoxylon pennsylvanicum de Saussure, 1867 Smaller species (in average). Supraantennal tubercle more Lager species (in average). Apical margin of clypeus with or less high, keel-shaped (Fig. 2). $: clypeal surface with obtuse but distinct angles between orbit and medial projec- small punctures; metacoxal pit small, round, covered with black bristles. #: antennal apical article 22.5 times its tion (Fig. 8); subantennal sclerite more than twice as broad maximum width (Fig.11) ................................................ as long. $: head frontally more transverse; distance be- tween eye orbit and antennal socket more than a diameter .............................. Trypoxylon frigidum F. Smith, 1856 of lateral ocellus; distance between eye orbit and lateral 3. Supraantennal tubercle simply roundly convex (Figs 34 ) ocellus more than 2/3 of ocellar diameter. #: middle ....................................................................................... 4 antennal articles distinctly convex posteriorly (Fig. 15); Supraantennal tubercle more or less high, keel-shaped ventral lobe of paramere curved outside and almost straight (as Fig. 2) ...................................................................... 5 inside, more narrowed apically and bare ventrally; penis 4. Transverse apical carina of supraantennal tubercle distinct valve strongly broadened towards preapical lateral angle particularly laterally (Fig. 3); mesopleuron ventrally with (Fig. 23) .............. Trypoxylon sculleni Sandhouse, 1940 erect pubescence distinctly longer than diameter of lateral ocellus. $: apical margin of clypeus with two rounded teeth medially (Fig. 5); distance between eye orbit and lateral References ocellus more than half of ocellar diameter. #: head postero- ventrally between occipital and hypostomal carinae more Antropov A.V. 1991. [On taxonomic rank of Trypoxylon attenua- or less prolongly carinate (Fig. 9); distance between eye tum Smith, 1851 and resembling species (Hymenoptera, orbit and lateral ocellus equal to or more than ocellar Sphecidae)] // Entomol. Obozr. T.70. P.672685 [in Russian]. diameter; antennal apical article not longer than four previ- Bohart R.M., Menke A.S. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. A ous ones together (Fig. 12); abdominal sternite VIII nar- generic revision. Berkeley, Los