Sociogenetic Structure in Nests of the Mud Dauber Wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) Albitarse (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)
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A Review of Sampling and Monitoring Methods for Beneficial Arthropods
insects Review A Review of Sampling and Monitoring Methods for Beneficial Arthropods in Agroecosystems Kenneth W. McCravy Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, IL 61455, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-309-298-2160 Received: 12 September 2018; Accepted: 19 November 2018; Published: 23 November 2018 Abstract: Beneficial arthropods provide many important ecosystem services. In agroecosystems, pollination and control of crop pests provide benefits worth billions of dollars annually. Effective sampling and monitoring of these beneficial arthropods is essential for ensuring their short- and long-term viability and effectiveness. There are numerous methods available for sampling beneficial arthropods in a variety of habitats, and these methods can vary in efficiency and effectiveness. In this paper I review active and passive sampling methods for non-Apis bees and arthropod natural enemies of agricultural pests, including methods for sampling flying insects, arthropods on vegetation and in soil and litter environments, and estimation of predation and parasitism rates. Sample sizes, lethal sampling, and the potential usefulness of bycatch are also discussed. Keywords: sampling methodology; bee monitoring; beneficial arthropods; natural enemy monitoring; vane traps; Malaise traps; bowl traps; pitfall traps; insect netting; epigeic arthropod sampling 1. Introduction To sustainably use the Earth’s resources for our benefit, it is essential that we understand the ecology of human-altered systems and the organisms that inhabit them. Agroecosystems include agricultural activities plus living and nonliving components that interact with these activities in a variety of ways. Beneficial arthropods, such as pollinators of crops and natural enemies of arthropod pests and weeds, play important roles in the economic and ecological success of agroecosystems. -
Terrestrial Arthropod Surveys on Pagan Island, Northern Marianas
Terrestrial Arthropod Surveys on Pagan Island, Northern Marianas Neal L. Evenhuis, Lucius G. Eldredge, Keith T. Arakaki, Darcy Oishi, Janis N. Garcia & William P. Haines Pacific Biological Survey, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 Final Report November 2010 Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Fish & Wildlife Office Honolulu, Hawaii Evenhuis et al. — Pagan Island Arthropod Survey 2 BISHOP MUSEUM The State Museum of Natural and Cultural History 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai’i 96817–2704, USA Copyright© 2010 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America Contribution No. 2010-015 to the Pacific Biological Survey Evenhuis et al. — Pagan Island Arthropod Survey 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 5 Background ..................................................................................................................... 7 General History .............................................................................................................. 10 Previous Expeditions to Pagan Surveying Terrestrial Arthropods ................................ 12 Current Survey and List of Collecting Sites .................................................................. 18 Sampling Methods ......................................................................................................... 25 Survey Results .............................................................................................................. -
Wasps and Bees in Southern Africa
SANBI Biodiversity Series 24 Wasps and bees in southern Africa by Sarah K. Gess and Friedrich W. Gess Department of Entomology, Albany Museum and Rhodes University, Grahamstown Pretoria 2014 SANBI Biodiversity Series The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) was established on 1 Sep- tember 2004 through the signing into force of the National Environmental Manage- ment: Biodiversity Act (NEMBA) No. 10 of 2004 by President Thabo Mbeki. The Act expands the mandate of the former National Botanical Institute to include respon- sibilities relating to the full diversity of South Africa’s fauna and flora, and builds on the internationally respected programmes in conservation, research, education and visitor services developed by the National Botanical Institute and its predecessors over the past century. The vision of SANBI: Biodiversity richness for all South Africans. SANBI’s mission is to champion the exploration, conservation, sustainable use, appreciation and enjoyment of South Africa’s exceptionally rich biodiversity for all people. SANBI Biodiversity Series publishes occasional reports on projects, technologies, workshops, symposia and other activities initiated by, or executed in partnership with SANBI. Technical editing: Alicia Grobler Design & layout: Sandra Turck Cover design: Sandra Turck How to cite this publication: GESS, S.K. & GESS, F.W. 2014. Wasps and bees in southern Africa. SANBI Biodi- versity Series 24. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN: 978-1-919976-73-0 Manuscript submitted 2011 Copyright © 2014 by South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written per- mission of the copyright owners. The views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of SANBI. -
The Sphecid Wasps (Hym. Ampulicidae, Sphecidae & Crabronidae) of Egypt. Part 2: Checklist C. Giles Roche ABSTRACT INTRODUCTI
Egyptian Journal of Natural History, 2007, Vol. 4 , pp 1 - 9 © Printed in Egypt. Egyptian British Biological Society (EBB Soc) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The sphecid wasps (Hym. Ampulicidae, Sphecidae & Crabronidae) of Egypt. Part 2: Checklist C. Giles Roche Lot 44, Taman Wong Wo Lo, Phase 1, Jalan Tun Mustapha, 87008 W.P. Labuan, MALAYSIA (email: [email protected]) ABSTRACT The list of Egyptian sphecid wasps includes the current names of those species recorded in the literature with indications where these have changed together with previously unrecorded genera and species. Three genera have not been recorded from Egypt hitherto (Spilomena, Crossocerus, Lestica). Twenty-four species are recorded for the first time (Chalybion heinii, Sceliphron madraspatanum tubifex, Sphex lanatus, Sphex libycus, Prionyx judaeus, Ammophila djaouk, Diodontus brachycerus, Spilomena sp., Astata boops, Dryudella beaumonti, Liris pictipennis, Solierella compedita, Miscophus pseudomimeticus, Belomicrus dimorpha, Belomicrus odontophorus, Oxybelus dissectus, Oxybelus haemorrhoidalis, Crossocerus adhaesus, Lestica clypeata, Bembix joeli, Cerceris clytia, Cerceris lunata, Cerceris rybyensis, Cerceris sabulosa algirica). INTRODUCTION This checklist forms part of a series of papers (Roche, 2007a,b; Roche & Gadallah, 1999; Roche & Zalat, 1994) dealing with the Egyptian sphecid wasps, of which the generic key (Roche & Gadallah, 1999) and Sinai list (Roche & Zalat, 1994) have already been published. The last complete checklist of the sphecid wasps of Egypt was that of Honoré (1942) which also included species of neighbouring countries which could perhaps be found in Egypt. This present list is based on a search of the literature, augmented by some species found in collections. It excludes some names given in the literature which are nomina dubia and nomina nuda, together with some where it is now believed that the species were recorded from Egypt in error. -
A Preliminary Investigation of the Arthropod Fauna of Quitobaquito Springs Area, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona
COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES STUDIES UNIT UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 125 Biological Sciences (East) Bldg. 43 Tucson, Arizona 85721 R. Roy Johnson, Unit Leader National Park Senior Research Scientist TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 23 A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA OF QUITOBAQUITO SPRINGS AREA, ORGAN PIPE CACTUS NATIONAL MONUMENT, ARIZONA KENNETH J. KINGSLEY, RICHARD A. BAILOWITZ, and ROBERT L. SMITH July 1987 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE/UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA National Park Service Project Funds CONTRIBUTION NUMBER CPSU/UA 057/01 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction......................................................................................................................................1 Methods............................................................................................................................................1 Results ............................................................................................................................................2 Discussion......................................................................................................................................20 Literature Cited ..............................................................................................................................22 Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................23 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Insects Collected at Quitobaquito Springs ...................................................................3 -
Nesting Behavior of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) Agamemnom Richards (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) Buschini, MLT.* and Donatti, AJ
Nesting behavior of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) agamemnom Richards (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) Buschini, MLT.* and Donatti, AJ. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste – UNICENTRO, Rua Presidente Zacarias, 875, CEP 85010-990, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil *e-mail: [email protected] Received February 16, 2011 – Accepted April 13, 2011 – Distributed May 31, 2012 (With 4 figures) Abstract Nesting behaviour is extremely diversified among solitary nesting sphecids. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the nesting behaviour of Trypoxylon agamemnon and discuss the advantages of guarding behaviour of males. It was conducted in the Parque Municipal das Araucárias, Guarapuava (PR), Brazil from October/2003 to July/2007. To describe the behaviour of T. agamemnon and construct its ethogram, daily observations were made, totalling 410:19 hours observation. Although the males of T. agamemnon stand guard close to the entrance of the nests, we concluded that this behaviour is not ensuring the protection of nests against parasitoids and that, probably, this behaviour ensures them the paternity, but further studies with microsatellite markers will be necessary to confirm this hypothesis. Keywords: Crabronidae, Hymenoptera, life span, nesting behaviour, Trypoxyon. Comportameno de nidificação de Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) agamemnom Richards (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) Resumo O comportamento de nidificação é bastante diversificado entre os esfecídeos solitários. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o comportamento de nidificação deTrypoxylon agamemnon, bem como discutir as vantagens do comportamento de guarda dos machos. O estudo foi realizado no Parque Municipal das Araucárias, Guarapuava-PR, Brasil, de outubro de 2003 a julho de 2007. Para descrever o comportamento de T. agamemnon e construir o etograma, foram feitas observações diárias, totalizando 410:19 horas. -
REVISION of HAWAIIAN CRABRONINAE with SYNOPSIS of HAWAIIAN SPHECIDAE (Hym.)
Pacific Insects 2 (3) : 301-337 October 10, 1960 REVISION OF HAWAIIAN CRABRONINAE WITH SYNOPSIS OF HAWAIIAN SPHECIDAE (Hym.) By Carl M. Yoshimoto BISHOP MUSEUM, HONOLULU, HAWAII The present study involves descriptions, keys to genera and species, distribution, and biology of the Hawaiian crabronids. Also included are keys to the genera and species of introduced sphecids in Hawaii. A key to the 6 subfamilies of Sphecidae in Hawaii was given in a previous paper (Yoshimoto, 1959), which covered the subfamily Pemphredoni nae. Only the Pemphredoninae (previous paper) and Crabroninae contain sphecid species limited to Hawaii. The Hawaiian Crabroninae consist of 22 endemic species, including 2 new species, be longing to the cosmopolitan genus Ectemnius Dahlbom. They are placed in 2 subgenera, Nesocrabro Perkins and Oreocrabro Perkins. Both subgenera are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Perkins (1899) placed the Hawaiian Crabroninae in the subgenus Crabro (Solenius) Lepeletier and Brulle and genus Nesocrabo Perkins. Later, Perkins (1902) concluded that the Hawaiian species of the subgenus Solenius are not congeneric with the European geno type, Crabro vagus (L.), and he erected 4 new genera to receive them, Oreocrabro, Hylo- crabro, Melanocrabro and Xenocrabro. Pate (1944) placed all of the Hawaiian Crabroninae in the subgenera Nesocrabro and Oreocrabro of the genus Ectemnius Dahlbom, and synony mized the 3 remaining genera of Perkins with the subgenus Oreocrabro. Leclercq (1954) followed Pate's classification, as is done in this paper. A single species of Nesocrabro collected in Japan was described by Tsuneki (1958). From the description, it is evident that this species, Ectemnius (Nesocrabro} shimoyamai Tsuneki, is significantly different from the Hawaiian forms; therefore, I believe that this species does not belong to Nesocrabro, although it appears to belong to a closely related group. -
Natural History of Tropical Parasitoid Wasps - M
TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT – Vol. XI - Natural History Of Tropical Parasitoid Wasps - M. O. Gonzaga NATURAL HISTORY OF TROPICAL PARASITOID WASPS M. O. Gonzaga Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Keywords: Parasitoids, host selection, life histories, Hymenoptera, host behavior manipulation Contents 1. What is a parasitoid? 2. Life histories 3. Host location 4. Host selection and acceptance 5. Variation in natural history and study cases 5.1. Ichneumonidae and Braconidae 5.2. Scelionidae 5.3. Mutillidae 5.4. Non-pollinating Fig Wasps 5.5. Ampulicidae 6. Host behavior manipulation Acknowledgements Bibliography Biographical sketches Summary The order Hymenoptera currently includes the impressive number of more than 115000 known species. The tropical hymenopteran fauna, however, is poorly known and this number probably represents just a small fraction of the real richness of the group. A great part of the species within Hymenoptera is composed of parasitoids, animals that exploit other organisms to death in order to acquire the food resources required to their development. Here I present a brief overview of the natural history of these interesting animals, focusing on the interactions with their hosts. I also present details of some study cases inUNESCO a few families to illustrate the – diversity EOLSS of the behaviors within the group. Finally, I describe some cases in which the interactions with the hosts culminate with changes in their normal behaviors, increasing the survivorship of the manipulative parasitoids SAMPLE CHAPTERS 1. What is a Pparasitoid? The term parasitoid was coined by O.M. Reuter, about one century ago, to describe particular feeding habits presented by some insects. -
An Overview of Proximate Factors Affecting the Nesting Behavior of Solitary Wasps and Bees (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) in Preexisting Cavities in Wood
May-June 2006 285 FORUM An Overview of Proximate Factors Affecting the Nesting Behavior of Solitary Wasps and Bees (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) in Preexisting Cavities in Wood ELDER F. MORATO1 AND ROGÉRIO P. M ARTINS2 1Depto. Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus, 69915-900, Rio Branco, AC [email protected] 2Depto. Biologia Geral, Univ. Federal de Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, [email protected] Neotropical Entomology 35(3):285-298 (2006) Revisão sobre a Influência de Fatores Proximais na Nidificação de Vespas e Abelhas Solitárias (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) em Cavidades Pré-Existentes no Lenho RESUMO - Espécies de vespas e abelhas solitárias que nidificam em cavidades pré-existentes no lenho de plantas integram uma guilda de nidificação e são importantes componentes da maioria dos ecossistemas terrestres. Isso se deve, em parte, ao grande número de interações (e.g. predação e polinização) que mantêm com outras espécies de organismos. Variações espaciais e temporais em sua abundância e riqueza podem estar correlacionadas a alterações na estrutura do ambiente. Uma fase crítica no ciclo de vida de vespas e abelhas solitárias é o período de nidificação. As fêmeas dessas espécies investem a maior parte de seu tempo de vida em construir e aprovisionar seus ninhos. Ao contrário do que ocorre para espécies que nidificam no solo ou fazem seus ninhos expostos, até o momento não houve tentativa alguma de discutir o conjunto de fatores que influenciam o sucesso de nidificação das espécies que nidificam em cavidades pré-existentes no lenho de plantas. Este artigo revê aspectos que afetam a nidificação desses Aculeata, com ênfase em fatores proximais, tais como a disponibilidade e características de cavidades no lenho. -
Sphecos: a Forum for Aculeate Wasp Researchers
SPHECOS Number 5 - February 1982 A Newsletter for Aculeate Wasp Researchers Arnold S. Menke, editor Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA c/o u. s. National Museum of Natural History Washington DC 20560 Notes from the Editor This issue of Sphecos is coming to you later than planned. Your editor has been inundated with administrative matters and time has simply slipped by. Highlights of this issue involve news about people, some scientific notes, a few obituaries, some trip reports and of course the usual recent literature coverage which includes another of Robin Edwards 1 special vespoid sections. I want to take this opportunity to thank Helen Proctor for typing most of this newsletter for me. Thanks also go to LUdnri:l"a Kassianoff for translating some Russian titles into English, and to Yiau Min Huang for translating some Chinese titles into English. Judging by the comments received, the readership of Sphecos 4 enjoyed Eric Grissell's "profile" (p. 9) more than anything else in the issue. Congratulations Eric! Sphecos is gaining considerable recogn1t1on via reviews in journals. The most recent and most extensive being published in "Soviet Bibliography" for 1980, issue #6. The nearly 2 page lauditory review by I. Evgen'ev concludes with the statement "Sphecos [is] a highly useful publication for people around the world who study wasp biology and systematics" [Woj Pulawski generously translated the entire review for me into English]. Currently Sphecos is mailed to about 350 waspologists around the world. This figure includes a few libraries such as those at the BMNH, the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad, the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, and the Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging, Amsterdam to list a sample. -
Sphecos: a Forum for Aculeate Wasp Researchers
SPHECOS Number 6 - November 1982 A Newsletter for Aculeate Wasp Researchers Arnold S. Menke, editor Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, ARS c/o U. S. National Museum of Natural History Washington DC 20560 Notes from the Editor This issue contains a lot of research news, quite a few travel reports, two obituaries, information on the Oxford Museum Collection, and a variety of other material. Please keep sending me reports of your activities for inclusion in the next issue or else Sphecos will gradually diminish in size. There will be a gathering of hymenopterists from all over North America at the Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America at Toronto, Canada, this December. The purpose of this meeting is to establish a society and journal for hymenopterists. Your editor will attend; a summary of the meeting will appear in the next issue of Sphecos. In the last issue I listed the names of approximately 100 people who had not returned the Sphecos questionnaire, noting that they had been dropped from the active mailing list as a result. The response to this list was underwhelming - only a handful of people listed sent in the questionnaire - so my task of putting issues in envelopes and afixing mailing labels has been reduced by quite a bit. I would like to thank Vivian Spriggs for typing most of this issue of Sphecos. Research News/Help Needed 0. W. Richards (89 ST. Stephen's Road, Ealing, London Wl3 8JA), has four papers in preparation dealing with the following: vespid larvae, Arabian Masaridae, Arabian Vespidae, and corrections and additions to his "Social Wasps of the Americas". -
Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in Chaco Serrano Woodland, Central Argentina Revista De Biología Tropical, Vol
Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Musicante, Mariana L.; Salvo, Adriana Nesting biology of four species of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in Chaco Serrano woodland, Central Argentina Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 58, núm. 4, diciembre, 2010, pp. 1177-1188 Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44918952011 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Nesting biology of four species of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in Chaco Serrano woodland, Central Argentina Mariana L. Musicante & Adriana Salvo Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba-Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, F.C.E.F. y N. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611-(X5016GCA)-Córdoba, Argentina; [email protected], [email protected] Received 25-VIII-2009. Corrected 30-IV-2010. Accepted 31-V-2010. Abstract: Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) (Crabronidae) wasps are solitary spider predators that can build their nests in artificial trap-nests, which enables study of their nesting architecture and biology. Twenty traps (each containing 15-30 internodes of cane) were placed in each of nine sites of Chaco Serrano Woodland in Central Argentina (Córdoba) in October 2005, and were recovered in June 2006. We obtained 91 nests of four species of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum). In the laboratory, each Trypoxylon nest was sectioned longitudinally to study its architecture.