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Project Krakow Student Workbook 1 WELCOME to KRAKOW Project Krakow Student Workbook 1 WELCOME TO KRAKOW CONTENTS Welcome to Krakow Language & Food P4 Krakow Facts P5 Folklore P6 Photo Challenge P7 Anti-Semitism German-Jewish People: Pre WWI P8 The Treaty of Versailles P9 Creation of Wiemar Republic P10 Origins P11 Anti-semitism in Weimar Republic P12 - 13 The Nazis on WWII and The Holocaust Nazi's Rise to Power P14 Outbreak of WWII P15 Outbreak of WWII & Hitler P16 Hitler & The Holocaust P17 Hitler & His Commanders P18 The Final Solution P19 Concentration Camps Ghettos, Concentration & Extermination Camps P20 Life inside the Jewish Ghetto in Krakow P21 - 23 Auschwitz 1 P24 Auschwitz 1: The Nazi Plan P25 Life in Auschwitz 1 P26 Life in Auschwitz: Diary of Helga Weiss P27 Auschwitz II - Birkenau P28 Auschwitz II: The Nazi Plan P29 Life in Auschwitz II - Birkenau P30 Life in Auschwitz II: Diary of Rutka Laskier P31 Defeat of the Nazis Liberation of Auschwitz P32 The Nuremburg Trials P33 Schindler Oskar Schindler P34 Schindler's List P35 Oskar Schindler's Factory P36 The making of the film - Schindler's List P37 Krakow - the film set P38 - 39 Project Krakow Student Workbook 3 Anti-semitism > Anti-semitism in Weimar Republic Anti-Semitism in Weimar Republic POST WW1 Peace Settlement and Defeatism A negotiation for peace from 140 politicians and businessmen did not stop the blame towards Jewish people for the defeat of W W1. The loss of the war came as a shock, thousands of frontline soldiers were encouraged by their commanders to believe that inter- nal traitors, the pacifists, the Jews and socialists stabbed Germany in the back. One particular soldier who felt strongly about this was Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler gives a speech at the third Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg Copyright: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Jewish Bolshevism Fearing the prospect of a communist revolution in Germany, the Conservative Right created a direct link between communism and the Jewish people, labelled 'Jewish-Bolshevism'. Based on myths and half-truths, the Jewish people were identified as the cause of communist threat. The right wing political movement demanded communists, Jews, democrats and pacifists be punished for their betrayal of Germany. The banner reads 'Away with the Jewish press: lies, corruption, rubbish" at a protest. Copyright: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 1923 - The new Weimar government was unstable and was threatened by enemies on both the Left and the Right • Survived Left Wing Communist Spartacus uprising • Sustained economic crisis- hyper-inflation and the in Berlin by relying on unofficial armies of ex-soldiers collapse of the currency known as the Freikorps • No majority in the Reichstag- all Weimar govern- • Suppressed Right Wing uprisings in Berlin and the ments depended on coalitions failed Munich Putsch by ex-army corporal Adolf Hitler • Right Wing extremists carried out 2,000 political • Government blamed for the very unpopular murders including Jewish foreign minister Walther Versailles Peace Treaty Rathenau and Minister of Finance Matthias Erzberger Project Krakow Student Workbook 13 The Nazis on WWII and The Holocaust > Hitler & The Holocaust Hitler & The Holocaust TIMELINE OF HITLER AND THE HOLOCAUST 1913 - 1945 Timeline The timeline below highlights some of the critical events that shaped the Holocaust as we know it. From the day Hitler was self-appointed as Chancellor of Germany, to the last Jews being deported to Auschwitz. 1913 Hitler, living in poverty, started engaging in political activities & meetings. 1914 Enlisted for service in the German army at the 1920 outbreak of WWI. Becomes propaganda officer in the German Worker’s Party, later to evolve into the Nazi party. January 1933 Adolf Hitler becomes self-appointed Chancellor of Germany July 1936 Sachsenhausen concentration camp opens November 1938 Crystal Night, 7,500 Jewish shops destroyed. 400 synagogues burnt. All Jewish pupils expelled from German schools September 1939 Beginning of WWII: Germany invades Poland. May 1940 Concentration camp established at Auschwitz. January 1942 Wannsee Conference in Berlin. Outlining the plan to May 1942 exterminate Europe's Jews Extermination by gas begins,250,000 Jews murdered November 1944 Last Jews deported from Theresienstadt (Terezin) to Auschwitz January 1945 April 1945 Evacuation of Auschwitz. Hitler commits suicide. Project Krakow Student Workbook 17 Concentration Camps > Ghettos, Concentraion & Extermincation Camps Ghettos, Concentration & Extermination Camps MAP OF THE MAIN CAMPS ACROSS EUROPE Main Sites Ghettos, Transit Camps & Prisons from where Jews and prisoners of other nationalities were deported to Auschwitz. Sachsenhausen concentration camp Photo Credit: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Jews undergo a selection at Auschwitz-Birkenau Photo Credit: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Mauthausen concentration camp Photo Credit: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum France, Internment, Drancy Photo Credit: Wikimedia Commons Fossoli di Carpi Photo Credit: ciportanovia.it 20 Project Krakow Student Workbook Defeat of the Nazis > Liberation of Auschwitz Liberation of Auschwitz LIBERATION OF CAMPS & DEATH MARCHES As the Nazi forces collapse near the end of WWII, and the Allied forces advancing from the East and West, thousands of prisoners, mostly Jews, were forced to marched out of Auschwitz and its sub-camps, this was known as the 'Death Marches'. The SS shot anyone who could no longer keep up, more than 15,000 people died during the death marches. On January 27 1945, the Soviet forces entered Auschwitz and liberat- ed more than 7,000 remaining prisoners. Most of the prisoners were very sick, starving and dying. Prisoners on a death march, taken by a German civilian Copyright: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Auschwitz survivors liberated by Soviet Soldiers Soviet Army soldiers talking to the children liberated from Auschwitz Copyright: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Copyright: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum VIEW HISTORICAL FOOTAGE Scan this QR code to watch a Soviet military footage of children liberated from Auschwitz. Please Note Sensitive materials can be found on some of the video archives which may be distressful to viewers. Child survivors liberated in the Auschwitz Copyright: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum DISCUSSION POINT How do you think children and infants survive places like Auschwitz? 32 Project Krakow Student Workbook.
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