Study of Vegetative Trichomes in Petrea Volubilis L

American International Journal of Available online at http://www.iasir.net Research in Formal, Applied & Natural Sciences ISSN (Print): 2328-3777, ISSN (Online): 2328-3785, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3793

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STUDY OF VEGETATIVE TRICHOMES IN PETREA VOLUBILIS L. (VERBENACEAE) Ingole Shubhangi N Department of Botany Bar. R.D.I.K. and N.K.D. College Badnera-Amravati, Maharashtra INDIA Abstract: Petrea Volubilis L. is an extensive perennial liana with ash coloured stem covered with greyish pubescence, leaves elliptic, scabrous, pubescent on nerves beneath, undulate, acute or shortly acuminate. Flowers showy, purple in pendulous 15-19 cm long axillary racemes, calyx star shaped, large persistent. Trichomes are reliable taxonomic markers. In present attempt trichomes on all vegetative parts are studied. They are found of two types non-glandular and glandular, which vary in minute details on different parts. They are ranging from papillae, unicellular to multicellularar uniseriate type with diverse hair bases . The epidermal surface is papillate in almost all organs. Trichomes are not only specific but suggestive of their functional significance . Keywords: Petrea volubilis, trichomes, hair bases, non -glandular trichomes, vegetative trichomes.

I. Introduction Trichomes are reliable taxonomic markers as they are diveres types and are diagnostic characters not only helpful in identification of particular plant species but also of crude drug and detection of adulterants. Many have provided useful information on structure, development, function and classification of trichomes in may angiospermic families and they proved more useful at generic and specific level. [15],[11].[4],[5],[10],[6],[7],[8],[12][14],[9],[1],[3]. Petrea volubilis is an extensive perennial liana with ash coloured stem covered with grayish pubescence, leaves elliptic, scabrous, pubescent on nerves beneath, undulate, acute or shortly acuminate. Flowers showy, purple in pendulous 15-19 cm long axillary racemes, calyx star shaped, large persistent. It is grown as an ornamental, native of tropical America.

Petrea volubilis L. II. Materials and methods Plant material for the present study collected from various localities from Amravati District and identification is confirmed with standard floras. To get an integrated picture of trichome types and their organographic distribution, mature vegetative parts including stem, petiole, leaves were used varied temporary micropreparations were made by  Epidermal peels  Mounts using sodium hydroxide (aq.) and 2% acetic acid treatment

 Scrapping of trichomes  Transverse sections. Trichomes were stained in safranin (1%aqueous) and mounted in glycerine. Camera lucida sketches were made. Measurements were taken III. Observations Stem Non-glandular uniseriate filiform (Plate –I Figs -1-3, 5-12) 1. Unicellular conical 1.1 Body-unicellular, papilloform, 32x28µ, tapering above, subacutely pointed at apex; contents- hyaline; wall-moderate thick, surface smooth, lumen- broad. Seated upon single or vertical division-wall between2- adjoining epidermal cells. 1.2 Body- short , 100x25 µ, acutely pointed at apex; base-flat; contents- thin, hyaline; wall moderate thick or thin. Seated upon single epidermal cell. 1.3 Body –straight-conical, 225x25 µ, acutely pointed at apex; base-swollen, surrounded by ring of 9-10 arched adjoining epidermal cells or seated upon vertical division- wall between 2 adjoining cells. 1.4 2. Multicellular conical 2.1 body- 2 celled in length, short, papilloform, 140x16 µ, pointed at apex; basal cell swollen, as long as broad terminal cell longer, contents-hyaline, walls- lateral of basal cell little convex, of terminal- straight; cross- walls –straight, surface-smooth Seated upon vertical division-wall between 2 adjoining epidermal cells. 2.2 Body -3-4 celled, 200x20 µ, tapering, subacutely pointed at apex; cells of varied length; basal cell bulbous, as long as broad; lateral walls- convex, lower, intermittent cells unequal, longer than broad; terminal cell longest; contents –hyaline; walls-straight. Hair base surrounded by 5-8 arched adjoining epidermal cells, hyaline or containing dense contents, protruding. Frequent on angular portions 2.3 Body -3 celled, 264x16 µ; intermittent cell slight short, foot- multicellular, multiseriate, cells juxtaposed, protruding . Seated on verticaldivision- wall between 2-adjoining epidermal cells. Frequent on angular portions

Uniseriate glandular capitate (Plate- I Figs 4,13,14) 1. Capitate sessile or shortly stalked 1.1 Foot-1- celled, not sunken; contents- hyaline; stalk -1-2 celled, narrower than base of head; cells squarish; lower cell longer than broad. Basally broader, contents –hyaline; head- spherical, many (9-10) celled; contents –dense, 40x20 µ 1.2 Head- peltate, many-celled, contents-hyaline 2. Long stalked Foot-l-celled; stalk-3-celled,56x20 µ, lower cell much longer, intermittent, subterminal cells short, almost equal, squarish, contents- hyaline; head-globose ,2- celled; contents-dense. Petiole:

Non glandular uniseriate filiform ( Plate –II Figs.15 - 20) 1. Unicellular conical Papillae-similar to those of stem, 32x28 µ 2. Multicellular conical 2.1 Body -2- celled, 225x15 µ contents- granular Similar to those of stem. 2.2 Body 6-celled in length, 225x25 µ, acutely pointed at apex; cells almost equal, longer than broad, basal cell longer or short, round; terminal cell shorter or longer, Hair base surrounded by narrow ring of 12 small distinguished cells, 2.3 Body -3-4 celled, much narrower, 650x25 µ; foot- multicellular, multiseriate similar to those of stem

Uniseriate glandular capitate (Plate -II Fig.21) 1. Capitate sessile or shortly stalked Similar to those of stem. Slight differeing in stalk-cells equal; head- globose 2-4-6celled, 50x20 µ.

IV. Lamina Non-glandular uniseriate filiform (Plate –II Figs.22 - 28) 1. Unicellular conical 1.1 Papillae- similar to those of stem, petiole, 40x30 µ Frequent adaxilly, marginally 1.2 Body- short, ovate-conical, papilla form, 60x24 µ acutely pointed at apex; base-round; contents- hyaline. Seated upon single distinguished, roundish eqidermal cell, containing dense contents, surrounded by 4- adjoining cells arranged cross –wisely. Frequent abaxially.

1.3 Body-Straight- conical, 130x15 µ acutely pointed at apex, base-flat or angular, contents- thin, hyaline.. Seated upon single distinguished or vertical division wall between 2-adjoining epidermal cells Frequent abaxially 1.4 Body- ovate- conical, shorter, broad, 60x32 µ obtulsely pointed at apex base- bulbous, with dense contents; contents- hyaline . Hair base surrounded by about 8-adjoing ordinary epidermal cells, in rosette. Frequent adaxially 2. Multicellular conical 2.1 Body-2-celled in length, 140x12 µ terminal cell onger Similar to those of stem. Frequent abaxially 2.2 Body 3-4-celled, 200x16 µ, acutely pointed at apex, similar to those of stem.. Frequent abaxialy

Uniseriate glandular capitate (Plate- II Figs.29 - 33) 1 Capitate sessile or shortly stalked 1.1 Similar to those of petiole, 50x12 µ 1.2 Head- spherical or peltate, 7-8 celled, contents –dense, 36x36 µ 2. Long stalked Foot-1-Celled, distinguished, roundish, contents-hyaline; stalk-2 celled 228x40 µ narrower than base of head, lower cell ong, broad, end walls arched, lateral walls- straight, ; contents- hyaline, subterminal cell small, short, much narrower; head- globose, 6-8 celled, contents-dense Frequent adaxially.

V. Discussion Detailed descriptions of trichomes are available in the literature for many commercially important genera [13]. The distribution and structure of trichomes on plant surfaces contribute to the control of transpiration and temperature of organ. Trichome density affords the organ protection. Trichomes function in plant defence or act as attractants to facilitate pollination.[16]

VI. Conclusion Hence trichomes are suggestive of their functional significance. They differ in their details and are special and typical for particular taxon and particular organ and surface. In present study some specific additional ltypes are found. These trichomes are very specific for particular species.

References [1]. Al-shammary and R.J. Gornall “Trichome anatomy of the saxifragaceae S. L. from Southern Hemishphere,” J. Linn. Soc. Bot., 1992;114:131. [2]. A.M. Bosabalidis. “Structural features of origanum species.”. In: Kintzios Se ed, Oregano: The genera origanum and Lippia; 1st edition, London, Taylor & francis, 2002: 11-64. [3]. S. Combrink G.W.DUPlooy R.I.McCrindle and B.M.Botha . “Morphology and histochemistry of glandular trichomes of Lippia scaberrima (Verbenacea).” Annals of Botany, 2007, 99: 1111-1119. [4]. V.M.Cowan . The Rhododendron leaf: Botany. A study of Epidermal appendages London 1950. [5]. M. Farooq “Trichomes of the flowers of Utricularia,” J. Indian Bot. Soc., 1963; 45:242-248. [6]. J.A. Inamdar “Studies of Trichomes of some oleaceae, Structure and ontogeny”, Proc. Indian acad. Sci., 1967; 66: 164-177. [7]. J.A. Inamdar “Trichomes and nectarines on the floral organ,” Beitr. Bio. Pflanz., 1968; 45:39-47. [8]. J.A. Inamdar , R.C. Patel “Structure, Ontogeny and classification of trichomes in some polemoniales.” Feddes Repert., 1973;83:473-478. [9]. Lowell and T.W. Lucansky “Vegetative anatomy and morphology of Ipomoea hederifolia (convolvulaceae,)” Bull Torrey. Bot, Club., 1986; 113(4): 382-397 [10]. C.R.Metcalfe L.Chalk .Anatomy of Dicotyledons. Vol. I & II Oxford, 1950 [11]. F.Netolitzk In handbuch der pflazenanatomie (ed.k.Linbauer) Abt. 1. Teil. 2 Hautgewebe. Band IV. Die pflazenhaare Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin, 1932. [12]. N.Ramayya “Classification and phylogeny of the trichomes of angiosperms” in: Research trends in plants anatomy, Tata Mc Graw Hill, Bombay, 1972; 91-102. [13]. S.Sharma , N.S.Sangwan and R.S. Sangwan “Developmental Process of essential oil glandular trichome collapsing in menthol mint,” Current science, 2003; 84; 544-550. [14]. V.Sing , D.K.Jain & M.Sharma “Epidermal studies Ipomoea (convolvulaceae )” systematic Anatomy of the Dicotyledons ( Transt. L. A. Boodle and F.E.Fritsch), Oxford Uni. Press, London, 1974. [15]. H.Solereder. Systematic anatomy of the dicotyledons. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908. [16]. E.A.Weiss Essential oil crops, New York, NY CAB International, 1997.

PLATE-I

13 12

5 8 6 7 11 9 10

Fig. 1 – 14 Trichomes on stem Fig-1 stem epidermis shwoing hair bases Fig-2 Bicellular Trichomes Fig-3 Unicellular papilla Fig-4 Sessile glandular Trichome Figs -5,7,9,11 Multicellular Uniseriate Trichomes Figs-6 ,8,10,12 Unicellular Trichomes with hair bases Fig -13 long Stalked glandular Trichome

PLATE -II

16 17 18 15 19

24 25 26 31 27 32 33 28

Figs-15-21 Trichomes on petiole Fig -18Unicellular papilla Figs -15,16,17,19,Multi cellular Non-glandular Trichomes Fig -20 Multiseriate Trichome base Fig 21 Short stalked glandular Trichome Figs-22-33 Trichomes on lamina Fig-22 Marginal Papillae, Figs-23,24,25, 28 –Unicellular Non-glandular Trichomes with various hair bases Fig- 27 Multicellular Non-glandular Trichome on abaxial surface Fig -29,30,31,33, Glandular Trichomes with multicellular heads