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WHO Guidance on Management of Snakebites
GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SNAKEBITES 2nd Edition GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SNAKEBITES 2nd Edition 1. 2. 3. 4. ISBN 978-92-9022- © World Health Organization 2016 2nd Edition All rights reserved. Requests for publications, or for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications, whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution, can be obtained from Publishing and Sales, World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, Indraprastha Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-110 002, India (fax: +91-11-23370197; e-mail: publications@ searo.who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. -
Russell's Viper (Daboia Russelii) in Bangladesh: Its Boom and Threat To
J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(1): 15-22, June 2018 RUSSELL’S VIPER (DABOIA RUSSELII) IN BANGLADESH: ITS BOOM AND THREAT TO HUMAN LIFE MD. FARID AHSAN1* AND MD. ABU SAEED2 1Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh 2 555, Kazipara, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh Abstract The occurrence of Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii Shaw and Nodder 1797) in Bangladesh is century old information and its rarity was known to the wildlife biologists till 2013 but its recent booming is also causing a major threat to human life in the area. Recently it has been reported from nine districts (Dinajpur, Chapai Nawabganj, Rajshahi, Naogaon, Natore, Pabna, Rajbari, Chuadanga and Patuakhali) and old records revealed 11 districts (Nilphamari, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Chapai Nawabganj, Rajshahi, Bogra, Jessore, Satkhira, Khulna, Bagerhat and Chittagong). Thus altogether 17 out of 64 districts in Bangladesh, of which Chapai Nawabganj and Rajshahi are most affected and 20 people died due to Russell’s viper bite during 2013 to 2016. Its past and present distribution in Bangladesh and death toll of its bites have been discussed. Its booming causes have also been predicted and precautions have been recommended. Research on Russell’s viper is deemed necessary due to reemergence in deadly manner. Key words: Russell’s viper, Daboia russelii, Distribution, Boom, Panic, Death toll Introduction Two species of Russell’s viper are known to occur in this universe of which Daboia russelii (Shaw and Nodder 1797) is distributed in Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka (www.reptile.data-base.org); while Daboia siamensis (Smith 1917) occurs in China, Myanmar, Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan and Cambodia (Wogan 2012). -
Venom Proteomics and Antivenom Neutralization for the Chinese
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Venom proteomics and antivenom neutralization for the Chinese eastern Russell’s viper, Daboia Received: 27 September 2017 Accepted: 6 April 2018 siamensis from Guangxi and Taiwan Published: xx xx xxxx Kae Yi Tan1, Nget Hong Tan1 & Choo Hock Tan2 The eastern Russell’s viper (Daboia siamensis) causes primarily hemotoxic envenomation. Applying shotgun proteomic approach, the present study unveiled the protein complexity and geographical variation of eastern D. siamensis venoms originated from Guangxi and Taiwan. The snake venoms from the two geographical locales shared comparable expression of major proteins notwithstanding variability in their toxin proteoforms. More than 90% of total venom proteins belong to the toxin families of Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, phospholipase A2, C-type lectin/lectin-like protein, serine protease and metalloproteinase. Daboia siamensis Monovalent Antivenom produced in Taiwan (DsMAV-Taiwan) was immunoreactive toward the Guangxi D. siamensis venom, and efectively neutralized the venom lethality at a potency of 1.41 mg venom per ml antivenom. This was corroborated by the antivenom efective neutralization against the venom procoagulant (ED = 0.044 ± 0.002 µl, 2.03 ± 0.12 mg/ml) and hemorrhagic (ED50 = 0.871 ± 0.159 µl, 7.85 ± 3.70 mg/ ml) efects. The hetero-specifc Chinese pit viper antivenoms i.e. Deinagkistrodon acutus Monovalent Antivenom and Gloydius brevicaudus Monovalent Antivenom showed negligible immunoreactivity and poor neutralization against the Guangxi D. siamensis venom. The fndings suggest the need for improving treatment of D. siamensis envenomation in the region through the production and the use of appropriate antivenom. Daboia is a genus of the Viperinae subfamily (family: Viperidae), comprising a group of vipers commonly known as Russell’s viper native to the Old World1. -
Conservation Challenges Regarding Species Status Assessments in Biogeographically Complex Regions: Examples from Overexploited Reptiles of Indonesia KYLE J
Conservation challenges regarding species status assessments in biogeographically complex regions: examples from overexploited reptiles of Indonesia KYLE J. SHANEY, ELIJAH WOSTL, AMIR HAMIDY, NIA KURNIAWAN MICHAEL B. HARVEY and ERIC N. SMITH TABLE S1 Individual specimens used in taxonomic evaluation of Pseudocalotes tympanistriga, with their province of origin, latitude and longitude, museum ID numbers, and GenBank accession numbers. Museum ID GenBank Species Province Coordinates numbers accession Bronchocela cristatella Lampung -5.36079, 104.63215 UTA R 62895 KT180148 Bronchocela jubata Lampung -5.54653, 105.04678 UTA R 62896 KT180152 B. jubata Lampung -5.5525, 105.18384 UTA R 62897 KT180151 B. jubata Lampung -5.57861, 105.22708 UTA R 62898 KT180150 B. jubata Lampung -5.57861, 105.22708 UTA R 62899 KT180146 Calotes versicolor Jawa Barat -6.49597, 106.85198 UTA R 62861 KT180149 C. versicolor* NC009683.1 Gonocephalus sp. Lampung -5.2787, 104.56198 UTA R 60571 KT180144 Pseudocalotes cybelidermus Sumatra Selatan -4.90149, 104.13401 UTA R 60551 KT180139 P. cybelidermus Sumatra Selatan -4.90711, 104.1348 UTA R 60549 KT180140 Pseudocalotes guttalineatus Lampung -5.28105, 104.56183 UTA R 60540 KT180141 P. guttalineatus Sumatra Selatan -4.90681, 104.13457 UTA R 60501 KT180142 Pseudocalotes rhammanotus Lampung -4.9394, 103.85292 MZB 10804 KT180147 Pseudocalotes species 4 Sumatra Barat -2.04294, 101.31129 MZB 13295 KT211019 Pseudocalotes tympanistriga Jawa Barat -6.74181, 107.0061 UTA R 60544 KT180143 P. tympanistriga Jawa Barat -6.74181, 107.0061 UTA R 60547 KT180145 Pogona vitticeps* AB166795.1 *Entry to GenBank by previous authors TABLE S2 Reptile species currently believed to occur Java and Sumatra, Indonesia, with IUCN Red List status, and certainty of occurrence. -
P. 1 AC27 Inf. 7 (English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement
AC27 Inf. 7 (English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________ Twenty-seventh meeting of the Animals Committee Veracruz (Mexico), 28 April – 3 May 2014 Species trade and conservation IUCN RED LIST ASSESSMENTS OF ASIAN SNAKE SPECIES [DECISION 16.104] 1. The attached information document has been submitted by IUCN (International Union for Conservation of * Nature) . It related to agenda item 19. * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat or the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. AC27 Inf. 7 – p. 1 Global Species Programme Tel. +44 (0) 1223 277 966 219c Huntingdon Road Fax +44 (0) 1223 277 845 Cambridge CB3 ODL www.iucn.org United Kingdom IUCN Red List assessments of Asian snake species [Decision 16.104] 1. Introduction 2 2. Summary of published IUCN Red List assessments 3 a. Threats 3 b. Use and Trade 5 c. Overlap between international trade and intentional use being a threat 7 3. Further details on species for which international trade is a potential concern 8 a. Species accounts of threatened and Near Threatened species 8 i. Euprepiophis perlacea – Sichuan Rat Snake 9 ii. Orthriophis moellendorfi – Moellendorff's Trinket Snake 9 iii. Bungarus slowinskii – Red River Krait 10 iv. Laticauda semifasciata – Chinese Sea Snake 10 v. -
Biographical Memoirs
National Academy of Sciences - Biographical Memoirs http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/online-collection.html By Michael P. Filosa Flack Norris (1871-1940) for the November Nucleus, I came across his biographical memoir on the website of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). This memoir was written by John D. Roberts and was presented to the Academy in 1974, a scant(!) 34 years after his death. The NAS was founded in 1863 by 50 of the most prominent scientists in the United States, and its initial charter was signed by Abraham Lincoln. It is a tradition that each of its members be memorialized in a memoir to the Academy written by a peer (or two). These memoirs are a treasure trove of the history of science. The sole weakness is that they are posthumous and not necessarily, very timely. However, they are quite thorough and a good overview of the scientists, complete with a detailed listing of their major works. During my school years, I was always intrigued with stories about great scientists. Dan Kemp would talk extensively about his thesis advisor, R. B. Woodward, and his works. Those stories about Woodward (1917-1979) and also Gilbert Stork were very influential in my decision to pursue synthetic organic chemistry as a career. Woodward’s memoir was written by Elkan Blout (with assistance from Frank Westheimer) and was published in 2001, a “scant” 22 years after his death. The memoirs are often glowing: “Robert Burns Woodward was the preeminent organic chemist of the twentieth century. This opinion is shared by his colleagues, students and by other distinguished chemists.” Blout includes lengthy commentaries from Sir Derek Barton, Roald Hoffman and Albert Eschenmoser in the memoir. -
Entire Annual Report (PDF
WELCOME From the Chair, Mary Lowe Good cience and technology are key to the welfare of our global village. In 2001, we were reminded again of the importance of research to the well-being Sof people everywhere. Forensic genomics, chemical analysis, and other such pursuits—once arcane to all but specialists—became familiar to a larger audience, as news of efforts to understand tragedy reached us through newspapers, televisions, radios and the Internet. Scientific discussion, confined to Victorian-era parlors since the days of Darwinian debate, claimed a more central location on our cultural stage. As the public’s perception of and appreciation for science and technology changes, the AAAS and its membership are preparing to take on a larger leadership role on behalf of science and its applications. The new AAAS rallying cry, “Advancing science • Serving society,” reflects a desire to build more and better bridges between policymakers, scientists, educators, and the average citizen. After all, the population keeps growing while 2001 farmland disappears, and we’re living longer than ever before, demanding better shelter, education, health care, and sanitation. Improved quality of life also requires answers to fundamental mysteries—from our cosmic origins, to our REPORT social and geographic paths as we peopled the Earth. In 2001, basic and applied research delivered practical advances and esoteric knowledge alike: Molecule-sized circuits— ANNUAL so small that billions could fit on today’s computer chips—were named the year’s top scientific achievement, promising 1 computers that translate conversations on the fly, or solve climate-change riddles in a snap. -
3Rd Joint Meeting of BSA and NCAB
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE 3RD JOINT MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SCIENTIFIC ADVISORS AND THE NATIONAL CANCER ADVISORY BOARD Summary of Meeting June 23–24, 2014 Building 31C, Conference Room 10 National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 3rd Joint Meeting of the Board of Scientific Advisors and the National Cancer Advisory Board NATIONAL CANCER ADVISORY BOARD BETHESDA, MARYLAND Summary of Meeting June 23–24, 2014 The Board of Scientific Advisors (BSA) and the National Cancer Advisory Board (NCAB) convened for the 3rd Joint Meeting on 23–24 June 2014, in Conference Room 10, C Wing, Building 31, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. The meeting was open to the public on Monday, 23 June 2014, from 8:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., and Tuesday, 24 June 2014, from 8:30 a.m. to 10:45 a.m. and closed to the public on Tuesday, 24 June 2014, from 10:45 a.m. to 11:10 a.m. The BSA Chair, Todd R. Golub, Chief Scientific Officer, The Broad Institute of Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the NCAB Chair, Tyler Jacks, Director, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, David H. Koch Professor of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, presided during the open session. Dr. Jacks presided during the closed session. BSA Members Dr. Cheryl L. Walker Dr. Todd R. Golub (Chair) Dr. Irving L. Weissman Dr. Kenneth C. Anderson (absent) Dr. Francis Ali-Osman NCAB Members Dr. Dafna Bar-Sagi Dr. Tyler E. -
NCI Budget Fact Book for Fiscal Year 2012
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 100 0 92 78 55 30 National Cancer Institute 01020304050607080 90 100 01020304050607080 90 100 01020304050607080 90 100 2012 Fact Book U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health The information set forth in this publication is compiled and amended annually by the budget and finance staff of the National Cancer Institute and is intended primarily for the use by members of the Institute and others involved in the administration and management of the National Cancer Program. It is available online at h ttp://www.cancer.gov. Questions regarding any of the information contained herein may be directed to the Office of Budget and Finance, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary Fiscal Year 2012 Annual Report .......................................................iii Organization Director's Biography ...................................................................... O-1 Former Directors of the NCI .......................................................... O-2 National Cancer Advisory Board ................................................... O-4 NCI-Frederick Advisory Committee .............................................. O-8 Clinical Trials and Translational Research Advisory Committee O-10 Boards of Scientific Counselors and Advisors ............................ O-14 President's Cancer Panel ........................................................... O-15 Scientific Program Leaders ........................................................ -
A Proteomic Analysis of Pakistan Daboia Russelii Russelii Venom and Assessment of Potency of Indian Polyvalent and Monovalent Antivenom
Journal of Proteomics 144 (2016) 73–86 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Proteomics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jprot A proteomic analysis of Pakistan Daboia russelii russelii venom and assessment of potency of Indian polyvalent and monovalent antivenom Ashis K. Mukherjee a,b,⁎, Bhargab Kalita a, Stephen P. Mackessy b a Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India b School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639-0017, USA article info abstract Article history: To address the dearth of knowledge on the biochemical composition of Pakistan Russell's Viper (Daboia russelii Received 29 March 2016 russelii) venom (RVV), the venom proteome has been analyzed and several biochemical and pharmacological Received in revised form 14 May 2016 properties of the venom were investigated. SDS-PAGE (reduced) analysis indicated that proteins/peptides in Accepted 1 June 2016 the molecular mass range of ~56.0–105.0 kDa, 31.6–51.0 kDa, 15.6–30.0 kDa, 9.0–14.2 kDa and 5.6–7.2 kDa con- Available online 03 June 2016 tribute approximately 9.8%, 12.1%, 13.4%, 34.1% and 30.5%, respectively of Pakistan RVV. Proteomics analysis of fi fi Keywords: gel- ltration peaks of RVV resulted in identi cation of 75 proteins/peptides which belong to 14 distinct snake ESI-LC-MS/MS venom protein families. Phospholipases A2 (32.8%), Kunitz type serine protease inhibitors (28.4%), and snake Snake venom enzymes venom metalloproteases (21.8%) comprised the majority of Pakistan RVV proteins, while 11 additional families Snake venom non-enzymatic proteins accounted for 6.5–0.2%. -
Ecography ECOG-04374 Chen, C., Qu, Y., Zhou, X
Ecography ECOG-04374 Chen, C., Qu, Y., Zhou, X. and Wang, Y. 2019. Human overexploitation and extinction risk correlates of Chinese snakes. – Ecography doi: 10.1111/ecog.04374 Supplementary material 1 Human overexploitation and extinction risk correlates of Chinese snakes 2 3 Supporting information 4 Appendix 1. Properties of the datasets used, hypotheses and justification 5 Table A1. Extinction risk and predictor variables of Chinese snakes 6 Table A2. Hypotheses on the relationship between extinction risk and intrinsic and extrinsic factors 7 Table A3. Main sources for assessing elevational range and human exploitation index 8 Table A4. The correlation matrices of predictor variables for each snake group 9 Table a5. The full AICc models for Chinese snakes 10 Table a6. The interactions between geographic range size and other important variables 11 Appendix 2. Patterns of extinction risk using the IUCN Red List criteria 12 Appendix 3. Distribution of extinction risk among snake genera 13 Appendix 4. Correlates of extinction risk when species classified under range-based criteria were excluded 14 15 16 17 Appendix 1. Properties of the datasets used, hypotheses and justification 18 Table A1. Extinction risk (based on China Biodiversity Red List), intrinsic traits and extrinsic factors of Chinese snakes. Abbreviations: China, 19 China Biodiversity Red List; RangeC, species assessed under range-based criteria; IUCN, IUCN Red List; BL, Body length; BR, Body ratio; 20 AP, Activity period; MH, Microhabitat; RM, Reproductive mode; HS, Habitat -
Translational Venomics: Third-Generation Antivenomics of Anti-Siamese Russell’S Viper, Daboia Siamensis, Antivenom Manufactured in Taiwan CDC’S Vaccine Center
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Article Translational Venomics: Third-Generation Antivenomics of Anti-Siamese Russell’s Viper, Daboia siamensis, Antivenom Manufactured in Taiwan CDC’s Vaccine Center Libia Sanz 1, Sarai Quesada-Bernat 1 ID , Pei Yu Chen 2,*, Cheng Dow Lee 2, Jen Ron Chiang 2 ID and Juan J. Calvete 1,* ID 1 Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 46010 Valencia, Spain; [email protected] (L.S.), [email protected] (S.Q.-B.) 2 Center for Research, Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 11561 Taipei, Taiwan; [email protected] (C.D.L.); [email protected] (J.R.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (P.Y.C.); [email protected] (J.J.C.); Tel.: +34-96-339-1778 (J.J.C.) Received: 21 May 2018; Accepted: 11 June 2018; Published: 15 June 2018 Abstract: The venom proteome of Siamese Russell’s viper from Taiwan, alongside complementary in vivo lethality neutralization assay and in vitro third-generation antivenomics assessment of the preclinical efficacy of the homologous antivenom manufactured in Taiwan CDC’s Vaccine Center, are here reported. Taiwanese Russell’s viper venom proteome comprised 25 distinct gene products, with the heterodimeric PLA2 viperotoxin-F representing the most abundant toxin (47.5% of total venom proteome). Coagulation FV-activating serine proteinase (RVV-V, 14%), the PIV-SVMP activator of FX (RVV-FX, 8.5%), and less abundant toxins from nine protein families, make up its venom proteome. Venom composition-pathology correlations of D. siamensis envenomings in Taiwan are discussed.