DOCSLIB.ORG

No Slide Title

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
No Slide Title “we have always been here”: the INDIGENOUS peoples of british columbia LECTURE OUTLINE: “WE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN HERE”: THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA A. YUQUOT: “WHERE THE WIND BLOWS IN ALL DIRECTIONS B. AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK 1. Early Migration 2. Lithic Stage Of Prehistory (c. 14,000-5,500 BP) 3. Early Developmental Stage Northwest Coast (5,500-3,500 BP) 4. Middle Developmental Stage Northwest Coast (3,500-1,500 BP) 5. Late Developmental Stage Northwest Coast (1,500 BP-European Contact) 6. Late Period In The Interior (4,500 BP-European Contact) C. AN OVERVIEW D. WEST COAST WHALING PEOPLE: A CASE STUDY An aerial image of Friendly Cove/Yuquot Inside the Catholic Church at Yuquot Margarita James stands in the centre of the group at the 2016 Summerfest A representation of the Spanish settlement at Yuquot in 1791 John Dewhirst and Bill Folan dig at Yuquot in 1966 and uncover evidence of 4300 years of continuous settlement Another aerial view of Yuquot A tidewater fish trap near Friendly Cove pictured in 1912 The remains of the prehistoric First Nations fishery in the Comox Estuary Sonny McHalsie leads cultural tours explaining Sto:lo landmarks The transformer site Th’exelis on the Fraser is also known as Lady Franklin Rock A prehistoric shell midden on Quatsino Sound on Vancouver Island A petroglyph from Sproat Lake A panel from Petroglyph Park in Nanaimo Archaeological work on Triquet Island seems to have uncovered evidence of human habitation 14,000 BP Footprints 13,200 BP were discovered in 2014 on Calvert Island This robotic underwater vehicle may have found a 13,800 BP fishing weir off the coast of Haida Gwaii in 2014 LECTURE OUTLINE: “WE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN HERE”: THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA A. YUQUOT: “WHERE THE WIND BLOWS IN ALL DIRECTIONS B. AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK 1. Early Migration 2. Lithic Stage Of Prehistory (c. 14,000-5,500 BP) 3. Early Developmental Stage Northwest Coast (5,500-3,500 BP) 4. Middle Developmental Stage Northwest Coast (3,500-1,500 BP) 5. Late Developmental Stage Northwest Coast (1,500 BP-European Contact) 6. Late Period In The Interior (4,500 BP-European Contact) C. AN OVERVIEW D. WEST COAST WHALING PEOPLE: A CASE STUDY The Charlie Lake Cave site near Fort St. John One of the 4-meter-deep pits at Charlie Lake Cave Charlie Lake Cave artifacts dating to 10,500 BP: Shown are a fluted point 3.9 centimeters long (upper left), a fluted-point surface find (upper right), a perforated schist bead (center) and at bottom two scrapers found with the point at upper right. An 8,000-year-old skeleton was found at Gore Creek Early Archaeological Sties in British Columbia Excavations at Kilgii Gway on Haida Gwaii found evidence of habitation stretching back to 10,700 BP Part of the Glenrose Cannery Site near the mouth of the Fraser Surveying at the Glenrose site Early Archaeological Sties in British Columbia Digging in the main trench at Namu in 1977 The Drynock Slide site in the Thompson River canyon near Spences Bridge: The thin horizontal white streak near the top is Mount Mazama volcanic ash. Immediately beneath is a layer of wind-laid sand that contains salmon bones and occasional artifacts dated about 7500 years in age. Crater Lake at today’s Mount Mazama in Oregon Some Middle Period Artifacts of the Interior: This shows spearheads and a single microblade core from the Nesikep and Lehman sites in the Fraser Canyon, near Lillooet, Dated about 6500 years in age. Obsidian Quarry Site on Mount Edziza in the Northwestern Interior A flaked knife point of Mount Edziza obsidian A cinder cone at Mount Edziza LECTURE OUTLINE: “WE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN HERE”: THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA A. YUQUOT: “WHERE THE WIND BLOWS IN ALL DIRECTIONS B. AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK 1. Early Migration 2. Lithic Stage Of Prehistory (c. 14,000-5,500 BP) 3. Early Developmental Stage Northwest Coast (5,500-3,500 BP) 4. Middle Developmental Stage Northwest Coast (3,500-1,500 BP) 5. Late Developmental Stage Northwest Coast (1,500 BP-European Contact) 6. Late Period In The Interior (4,500 BP-European Contact) C. AN OVERVIEW D. WEST COAST WHALING PEOPLE: A CASE STUDY Early Development Stage Artifacts of the Coast, 3500-5500 BP: From left to right at the top are three bilaterally barbed antler harpoons, a unilaterally Barbed antler fishing-spear point, a diamond-shaped flaked-stone spearhead or knife, a Ground-slate point, and a small antler splitting-wedge. In the center are a spindle- Shaped bone object, a mussel-shell adze blade, and a stemmed flaked-stone point. At bottom are a small steatite labret and a pecked and ground chisel. Vancouver’s Marpole Midden in 1908 Middle Developmental Stage Artifacts of the Coast (1500-3500 BP): At the top, left to right, are a bone awl, two ground-slate points, two flaked-stone stemmed points, a large leaf-shaped spearhead or knife from Namu, a unilaterally barbed bone point, an antler toggling-harpoon head, a composite antler toggling-harpoon valve and two unilaterally barbed antler harpoons. In the center are two bone pendants from Prince Rupert, a bone needle, a perforated claw pendant and two dentalium-shell beads, a ground-slate fish-knife and a small adze blade. At the bottom are a string of slate disc-beads, a north- coast rib-stone, and a decorated steatite bowl. Carved stone club from Hagwilet, Lower Skeena River area, North Coast: This is one of a cache of 35 clubs, each uniquely designed. Similar artifacts found at Prince Rupert and on Haida Gwaii appear to be as much as 2500 years old. This carving depicts a supernatural creature with a bird-like head and four dorsal fins that form protruding blades for the weapon. These drawings show different kinds of toggling harpoons and their component parts found in coastal sites of the last 3500 years. Middle Developmental Era Antler and Bone Sculptures (1500-3500 BP): At top left are a stylized bone bird-pin and a miniature long-beaked bird-mask of antler. In the center, from left to right, are three human effigies of bone and antler, two stylized antler bird-figures, and an antler sculpture of a long-beaked bird. The decorated carving- tool handle at the bottom is in the form of a sea monster or wolf. All pieces are from the south coast, and all but the miniature mask and the central human-face effigy are from the Marpole site. Steatite Seated-Human- Figure Bowl from the Lower Fraser River Valley Coastal Petroglyph: This carving, near Prince Rupert, is called “The Man Who Fell From Heaven.” Many Tsimshian stories tell about this site and the powerful supernatural being who fell from the sky-world long ago to leave his impression in the rock. Carved Cedar Handle from Prince Rupert: This 1600-year-old wooden carving, 19 centimeters long, was preserved in waterlogged deposits at the Lachane site. originally, it was probably a handle on the lid or sides of a wooden box or bowl. The Skagit Atlatl Late Developmental Stage Artifacts of the Coast Coast Salish Weaving Scene painted by Paul Kane in 1840s Early Photograph of a Haida Village (1878) LECTURE OUTLINE: “WE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN HERE”: THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA A. YUQUOT: “WHERE THE WIND BLOWS IN ALL DIRECTIONS B. AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK 1. Early Migration 2. Lithic Stage Of Prehistory (c. 14,000-5,500 BP) 3. Early Developmental Stage Northwest Coast (5,500-3,500 BP) 4. Middle Developmental Stage Northwest Coast (3,500-1,500 BP) 5. Late Developmental Stage Northwest Coast (1,500 BP-European Contact) 6. Late Period In The Interior (4,500 BP-European Contact) C. AN OVERVIEW D. WEST COAST WHALING PEOPLE: A CASE STUDY Late Period Artifacts of the Interior (Last 4500 Years) A model pithouse on display at the Provincial Museum The Keatley Creek site near Lillooet A 20-metre-diameter housepit in a prehistoric village site of about 100 houses near Lillooet in the Fraser Canyon Late Period Steatite Sculpture from the Plateau: The double-headed wolf Bowl at left was found near Lillooet. The human-figure bowl was found near Lytton at The confluence of the Fraser and Thompson Rivers. A rattlesnake is draped over the brow Of the figure, while a frog or toad climbs up its back. C. An Overview • It has been estimated that at the time of the first contact with Europeans, nearly half the indigenous people in Canada lived in what is today British Columbia. • Estimates of numbers are tentative. • The anthropologist Wilson Duff concluded that 80,000 or more aboriginals lived in British Columbia in the late 18th century. • A number of contemporary scholars suggest a pre-contact population in the range of 200,000 to 300,000. • At least 34 distinct languages were spoken. Characteristics Of Pre-Contact Coast Culture • The economies were based on the two bountiful staples of salmon and cedar. • All the coastal peoples lived within sophisticated social organizations based on the concept of inherited rank and on intricate patterns of sanctioned and prohibited behaviour. • Nowhere north of Mexico were distinctions between individuals of high and low status so sharply drawn as on the northwest coast. • People of the coast were recognized as belonging to specific houses and clans. • Outside and below these classes were slaves, in some villages making up a third of the population. The Subarctic • The Subarctic includes most of the northern portion of the Canadian provinces.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spirits of Our Whaling Ancestors
    Spirits of Our Whaling Ancestors SpiritS of our Whaling anceStorS Revitalizing Makah and Nuu-chah-nulth Traditions charlotte coté Foreword by MiCah MCCarty A Capell Family Book University of Washington Press Seattle & London UBC Press Vancouver & Toronto the CaPell faMily endoWed Book Fund supports the publication of books that deepen the understanding of social justice through historical, cultural, and environmental studies. Preference is given to books about the American West and to outstanding first books in order to foster scholarly careers. © 2010 by the University of Washington Press Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publica- Printed in the United States of America tion Data and Library and Archives Canada Design by Thomas Eykemans Cataloging in Publication can be found at the 15 14 13 12 11 10 5 4 3 2 1 end of the book. All rights reserved. No part of this publica- The paper used in this publication is acid-free tion may be reproduced or transmitted in and 90 percent recycled from at least 50 per- any form or by any means, electronic or cent post-consumer waste. It meets the mini- mechanical, including photocopy, record- mum requirements of American National ing, or any information storage or retrieval Standard for Information Sciences—Perma- system, without permission in writing from nence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, the publisher. ANSI Z39.48–1984.∞ Published in the United States of America by frontisPieCe: Whaler photograph by University of Washington Press Edward S. Curtis; Courtesy Royal British P.o. Box 50096, Seattle, Wa 98145 U.s.a. Columbia Museum, Victoria. www.washington.edu/uwpress Published in Canada by UBC Press University of British Columbia 2029 West Mall, Vancouver, B.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Peoples of North America
    Native Peoples of North America Dr. Susan Stebbins SUNY Potsdam Native Peoples of North America Dr. Susan Stebbins 2013 Open SUNY Textbooks 2013 Susan Stebbins This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Published by Open SUNY Textbooks, Milne Library (IITG PI) State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454 Cover design by William Jones About this Textbook Native Peoples of North America is intended to be an introductory text about the Native peoples of North America (primarily the United States and Canada) presented from an anthropological perspective. As such, the text is organized around anthropological concepts such as language, kinship, marriage and family life, political and economic organization, food getting, spiritual and religious practices, and the arts. Prehistoric, historic and contemporary information is presented. Each chapter begins with an example from the oral tradition that reflects the theme of the chapter. The text includes suggested readings, videos and classroom activities. About the Author Susan Stebbins, D.A., Professor of Anthropology and Director of Global Studies, SUNY Potsdam Dr. Susan Stebbins (Doctor of Arts in Humanities from the University at Albany) has been a member of the SUNY Potsdam Anthropology department since 1992. At Potsdam she has taught Cultural Anthropology, Introduction to Anthropology, Theory of Anthropology, Religion, Magic and Witchcraft, and many classes focusing on Native Americans, including The Native Americans, Indian Images and Women in Native America. Her research has been both historical (Traditional Roles of Iroquois Women) and contemporary, including research about a political protest at the bridge connecting New York, the Akwesasne Mohawk reservation and Ontario, Canada, and Native American Education, particularly that concerning the Native peoples of New York.
    [Show full text]
  • Arqueologia Do Povoamento Inicial Da América Ou História Antiga Da
    Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Cienc. Hum., Belém, v. 14, n. 2, p. 477-495, maio-ago. 2019 Arqueologia do povoamento inicial da América ou História Antiga da América: quão antigo pode ser um ‘Novo Mundo’? The Archaeology of early peopling of America or Ancient History of America: how old could be a ‘New World’? Lucas Bueno Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil Resumo: Neste texto, discutimos o tema do povoamento inicial da América como uma narrativa – mais do que sítios, datas e artefatos, são analisados os discursos construídos a partir destes ‘dados’. Esta proposta baseia-se em uma perspectiva da Arqueologia que enfatiza a dinâmica social envolvida na construção do passado. Um dos pontos discutidos envolve a desconstrução da dicotomia entre ‘história x pré-história’ nas Américas. Essa discussão baseia-se em propostas relacionadas à ideia de ‘tempo profundo’ e ‘história profunda’, como já vem sendo discutido por historiadores, arqueólogos e antropólogos em outros países. Além de uma discussão conceitual sobre a construção dessas narrativas, propomos uma reflexão também sobre aspectos metodológicos vinculados à pesquisa de contextos relacionados aos momentos iniciais de entrada de pessoas nas Américas. Por fim, sugerimos alguns pontos para reflexão no sentido de construirmos uma História Antiga das Américas que incorpore diferentes formas de narrativa e temporalidades, cuja construção envolveria posições mais simétricas entre os diversos grupos que compõem essa história. Palavras-chave: Arqueologia. Povoamento. Narrativa. América. História indígena. Abstract: This text discusses the topic of the early peopling of the Americas as a narrative which extends beyond sites, dates, and artifacts to analyze the discourses constructed from these ‘data.’ This proposal is based on an archaeological perspective that emphasizes the social dynamics involved in constructing the past.
    [Show full text]
  • Uvic Thesis Template
    Ts’a7inwa (gooseneck barnacles) as a proxy for archaeological efforts to understand shellfish as food in Nuu-chah-nulth territories by Meaghan Efford Bachelor of Arts (Honours), University of Victoria, 2016 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Anthropology © Meaghan Efford, 2019 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. We acknowledge with respect the Lekwungen peoples on whose traditional territory the university stands and the Songhees, Esquimalt and WSÁNEĆ peoples whose historical relationships with the land continue to this day. ii Supervisory Committee Ts’a7inwa (gooseneck barnacles) as a proxy for archaeological efforts to understand shellfish as food in Nuu-chah-nulth territories by Meaghan Efford Bachelor of Arts (Honours), University of Victoria, 2016 Supervisory Committee Dr. Iain McKechnie, Supervisor Department of Anthropology Dr. Quentin Mackie, Departmental Member Department of Anthropology iii Abstract Supervisory Committee Dr. Iain McKechnie, Supervisor Department of Anthropology Dr. Quentin Mackie, Departmental Member Department of Anthropology This thesis examines the comparative abundance of shellfish from archaeological assemblages on the west coast of Vancouver Island in Nuu- chah-nulth territories. Eighteen sites spanning the Nuu-chah-nulth region emphasize the diversity in invertebrate foods that have been consumed 5000-150 years ago: Yaksis Cave, Loon Cave, and Hesquiat Village at Hesquiat Harbour; Chesterman Beach; Spring Cove; Ts’ishaa, Ch’ituukwachisht (North and South), Tl’ihuuw’a, Shiwitis, Huumuuwaa, Maktl7ii, Huts’atswilh, Kakmakimilh, Kiix7iin, and Huu7ii.
    [Show full text]
  • Strathcona Park Trails Guide Special
    STRATHCONA PARK TRAILS GUIDE SPECIAL Hiking Guide NootkaWILDWILD Island ISLEISLE Canada’sCanada’s WestWest CoastCoast AdventureAdventure MagazineMagazine ININ THETHE WAKEWAKE OFOF CAPTAINCAPTAIN VANCOUVERVANCOUVER A CLIMBER’S LIFELIFE CAVINGCAVING ININ THAILANDTHAILAND 3Chancesto WIN Apairoftickets to FREE ISSUE #12 AUGUST-SEPTEMBER, 2000 see page 26 for details www.wildislemagazine.bc.ca HIKE NOOTKA ISLAND The Resort at Cape Mudge Quadra Island BEACHFRONT CABIN . Only Getaway .95* September 16 - 30, 2000 $119 * based on quad occupancy 2 Bedroom With Jacuzzi Bathtub Gas Fireplace Kitchenette Us! 1-800-665-7745 [email protected] Tel: (250) 285-2042 Fax: (250) 285-2532 CCONTENTONTENTSS Cover: Curtis Lyon, South Ridge of Victoria Peak. Photo: Philip Stone BC Parks View Point p9 Volunteering in Paradise Gabe Jutras, Kwisatz Haderach 5.11d, Crest Creek Photo: Josie Boulding Linvin’ the Dream p10 Contents: The life of the Surfer at Long Beach. unsponsored climber Photo: Corrie Wright Strathcona Park p13 An overview of the hiking trails in BC’s oldest park Thai Caves p17 Islanders Abroad Underground adventure in Thailand Mt Colonel Foster p19 Guide to Vancouver Island’s alpine climbing mecca Benighted on Mt Klitsa p21 A lesson earned and a lesson learned In the Wake of Vancouver p22 The explorations of Cpt Vancouver on BC’s west coast. Happenings p26 Coming events on the west coast 3Chancesto WIN Apairoftickets to see page 26 for details west coast adventure magazine • www.wildislemagazine.bc.ca • CENTRE PULLOUT - NOOTKA ISLAND - HIKING
    [Show full text]
  • The Texas Archaic: a Symposium
    Volume 1976 Article 11 1976 The Texas Archaic: A Symposium Thomas R. Hester Center for Archaeological Research, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Hester, Thomas R. (1976) "The Texas Archaic: A Symposium," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 1976, Article 11. https://doi.org/10.21112/ita.1976.1.11 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol1976/iss1/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Texas Archaic: A Symposium Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol1976/iss1/11 Center for Archaeological Research The University of Texas at San Antonio 78285 Thomas R. Hester, Director Spe.uat Re.pom Publications dealing with the archaeology of Texas and Mesoamerica. No. 1 (1975) 11 Some Aspects of Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology in Southern Texas 11 (By Thomas R.
    [Show full text]
  • Occupation Sequence at Avery Island. Sherwood Moneer Gagliano Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1967 Occupation Sequence at Avery Island. Sherwood Moneer Gagliano Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Gagliano, Sherwood Moneer, "Occupation Sequence at Avery Island." (1967). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1248. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1248 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 67-8779 GAGLIANO, Sherwood Moneer, 1935- OCCUPATION SEQUENCE AT AVERY ISLAND. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1967 Anthropology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Sherwood Moneer Gagliano 1967 All Rights Reserved OCCUPATION SEQUENCE AT AVERY ISLAND A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Sherwood Moneer Gagliano B.S., Louisiana State University, 1959 M.A., Louisiana State University, 19&3 January, 1967 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 'The funds, labor, and other facilities which made this study possible were provided by Avery Island Inc, Many individuals contributed. Drs. James Morgan, and James Coleman, and Messrs. William Smith, Karl LaPleur, Rodney Adams, Stephen Murray, Roger Saucier, Richard Warren, and David Morgan aided in the boring program and excavations.
    [Show full text]
  • Management Plan for the Olympia Oyster (Ostrea Conchaphila) in Canada [PROPOSED]
    PROPOSED SPECIES AT RISK ACT Management Plan Series Management Plan for the Olympia Oyster (Ostrea conchaphila) in Canada Olympia Oyster May 2009 About the Species at Risk Act Management Plan Series What is the Species at Risk Act (SARA)? SARA is the Act developed by the federal government as a key contribution to the common national effort to protect and conserve species at risk in Canada. SARA came into force in 2003, and one of its purposes is “to manage species of special concern to prevent them from becoming endangered or threatened.” What is a species of special concern? Under SARA, a species of special concern is a wildlife species that could become threatened or endangered because of a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats. Species of special concern are included in the SARA List of Wildlife Species at Risk. What is a management plan? Under SARA, a management plan is an action-oriented planning document that identifies the conservation activities and land use measures needed to ensure, at a minimum, that a species of special concern does not become threatened or endangered. For many species, the ultimate aim of the management plan will be to alleviate human threats and remove the species from the List of Wildlife Species at Risk. The plan sets goals and objectives, identifies threats, and indicates the main areas of activities to be undertaken to address those threats. Management plan development is mandated under Sections 65–72 of SARA (http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/approach/act/default_e.cfm). A management plan has to be developed within three years after the species is added to the List of Wildlife Species at Risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Sailing Directions (Enroute)
    PUB. 154 SAILING DIRECTIONS (ENROUTE) ★ BRITISH COLUMBIA ★ Prepared and published by the NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Bethesda, Maryland © COPYRIGHT 2007 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT NO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C. 2007 TENTH EDITION For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: http://bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 Preface 0.0 Pub. 154, Sailing Directions (Enroute) British Columbia, 0.0NGA Maritime Domain Website Tenth Edition, 2007, is issued for use in conjunction with Pub. http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/maritime 120, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) Pacific Ocean and 0.0 Southeast Asia. Companion volumes are Pubs. 153, 155, 157, 0.0 Courses.—Courses are true, and are expressed in the same 158, and 159. manner as bearings. The directives “steer” and “make good” a 0.0 Digital Nautical Chart 26 provides electronic chart coverage course mean, without exception, to proceed from a point of for the area covered by this publication. origin along a track having the identical meridianal angle as the 0.0 This publication has been corrected to 21 July 2007, includ- designated course. Vessels following the directives must allow ing Notice to Mariners No. 29 of 2007. for every influence tending to cause deviation from such track, and navigate so that the designated course is continuously Explanatory Remarks being made good. 0.0 Currents.—Current directions are the true directions toward 0.0 Sailing Directions are published by the National Geospatial- which currents set.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Ethnographic and Historically Recorded Dentaliurn Source Locations
    FISHINGFOR IVORYWORMS: A REVIEWOF ETHNOGRAPHICAND HISTORICALLY RECORDEDDENTALIUM SOURCE LOCATIONS Andrew John Barton B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1979 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY Q Andrew John Barton 1994 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Burnaby October, 1994 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means without permission of the author. Name: Andrew John Barton Degree: Master of Arts (Archaeology) Title of Thesis: Fishing for Ivory Worms: A Review of Ethnographic and Historically Recorded Dentaliurn Source Locations Examining Committee: Chairperson: Jack D. Nance - -, David V. Burley Senior Supervisor Associate Professor Richard Inglis External Examiner Department of Aboriginal Affairs Government of British Columbia PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis or dissertation (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of ThesisIDissertation: Fishing for Ivory Worms: A Review of Ethnographic and Historically Recorded Dentalium Source Locations Author: Andrew John Barton Name October 14, 1994 Date This study reviews and examines historic and ethnographic written documents that identify locations where Dentaliurn shells were procured by west coast Native North Americans.
    [Show full text]
  • Scanned Document
    THE MIDDEN PUBLICATION OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Vol. V, No. 4 Published every two months by the Publications October 1973 Contnittee. Contributions should be addressed Editor to: Gladys Groves, 504 - 2005 Pendrell Street, N. Russell Vancouver 5, B. C. HIGHLIGHTS * Report from Punchaw Lake * Innovation from the Navajo Nation * Unusual artifact found at Marpole E D I T O R I A L he media are often criticised, Instead, it seems to be a con­ like Cleopatra's messenger, structive, spontaneous attempt to T for being purveyors of "bad" cure a probiem at source: news. So let us here trumpet the prevention, rather than cure. very good news from the Navajo Nation. This mature approach to self­ policing could be most effective Details of the Navajo's recent here in Canada too. It is not resolution concerning archaeology enough (though it's a good start) may be found elsewhere in this to punish people for destroying issue of The Midden. The drift of archaeological sites (as the B.C. it is clear enough: the Indians, Archaeological and Historic Sites without outside interference, have Protection Act does), nor to decided to protect their dimini­ punish people for removing arti­ shing historical materials. This facts from reserves (as the is not a law imposed on them by Indian Act does). A constructive, some distant, paternalistic Indian educational approach, such as Affairs Department, nor is it a hot­ that taken by the Navajo Nation, headed, resentful attempt to get would do even more to preserve back at non-Indians for removing Canada's cultural heritage - for historic items from the reserves.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fur Trade Era, 1770S–1849
    Great Bear Rainforest The Fur Trade Era, 1770s–1849 The Fur Trade Era, 1770s–1849 The lives of First Nations people were irrevocably changed from the time the first European visitors came to their shores. The arrival of Captain Cook heralded the era of the fur trade and the first wave of newcomers into the future British Columbia who came from two directions in search of lucrative pelts. First came the sailors by ship across the Pacific Ocean in pursuit of sea otter, then soon after came the fort builders who crossed the continent from the east by canoe. These traders initiated an intense period of interaction between First Nations and European newcomers, lasting from the 1780s to the formation of the colony of Vancouver Island in 1849, when the business of trade was the main concern of both parties. During this era, the newcomers depended on First Nations communities not only for furs, but also for services such as guiding, carrying mail, and most importantly, supplying much of the food they required for daily survival. First Nations communities incorporated the newcomers into the fabric of their lives, utilizing the new trade goods in ways which enhanced their societies, such as using iron to replace stone axes and guns to augment the bow and arrow. These enhancements, however, came at a terrible cost, for while the fur traders brought iron and guns, they also brought unknown diseases which resulted in massive depopulation of First Nations communities. European Expansion The northwest region of North America was one of the last areas of the globe to feel the advance of European colonialism.
    [Show full text]