Instrumentos Musicales, Su Rango Y Transposición
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Rangos de instrumentos y su transposición (diferentes fuentes) WOODWIND INSTRUMENT WRITTEN SOUNDING NOTES Piccolo Flute The top note is approximate Alto Flute and will depend upon the instrument and the player. The top note is approximate Bass Flute and will depend upon the instrument and the player. Sometimes a higher top note Oboe will be possible, but these are often unstable. Cor Anglais Clarinet in Eb Clarinet in Bb Clarinet in A Bass Clarinet Basset Horn Contrabass Clarinet Low A is possible if a tube is inserted into the end of the bassoon. Bassoon However, note that thhe low Bb becomes unavailable if you do this. Contrabassoon A top written G is available on some sopranos. The harmonic register (written G6-D7) may be Soprano available, depnding on the Saxophone player. Super high notes (Eb7-G7) should not be included without prior consultation with the player. The harmonic register (written G6-D7) may be available, depnding on the Alto player. Super high notes Saxophone (Eb7-G7) should not be included without prior consultation with the player. The harmonic register (written G6-D7) may be available, depnding on the Tenor player. Super high notes Saxophone (Eb7-G7) should not be included without prior consultation with the player. The harmonic register (written G6-D7) may be available, depnding on the Baritone player. Super high notes Saxophone (Eb7-G7) should not be included without prior consultation with the player. Sopranino Saxophone Bass Saxophone BRASS INSTRUMENT WRITTEN SOUNDING NOTES High horn specialist range (written): G3-C6 Low horn specialist range Horn in F (written): F2-G5 Pedal notes (written): E2, Eb2, D2, Db2, C2 Wagner Tuba in F Pedal notes (written): C3, B2, Trumpet in Bb Bb2, A2, Ab2, G2, Gb2 Pedal notes: same as Bb Trumpet in C trumpet Trumpet in D Piccolo Trumpet in Bb Flugehorn in Bb Alto Trombone Top note is approximate Top note is approximate. Higher notes may be found by individual players. Tenor Trombone Pedal notes are theoretically available, but unstable and rarely used Top note is approximate. Higher notes may be found by Bass Trombone individual players. Pedal notes: Bb1, A1, Ab1, G1, Gb1, F1, E1 Euphonium (Tenor Tuba) Extra notes: Db1, C1, B0, Bb0 Bass Tuba sometimes available Contrabass Tuba PERCUSSION/KEYBOARDS/HARP INSTRUMENT WRITTEN SOUNDING NOTES Crotales Pitches are obviously Flexatone approximate. Glockenspiel Tubular Bells Vibraphone Xylophone Marimba Each individual drum in a set of timpani has a range of a fifth. Timpani (set) Check the timpani pages for further information. Some pianos extend downwards by a further Piano 5th. Some upright pianos only reach up to A7 This is the range of the modern instrument. Harpsichord Historical ranges may vary. Organ music is notated on three staves. Organ The written ranges of the keyboards and the pedals is shown. Harmonium ranges do vary greatly from Harmonium instrument to instrument. Ths is the range of the 41-keyed concert accordion. Accordion Some accordions have fewer keys, 25 being the minimum. Celeste Harp STRINGS INSTRUMENT WRITTEN SOUNDING NOTES Guitar This is the range of the tenor banjo. The five-string banjo is also frequently used, and this Banjo has various tunings depending upon the style of music being played. Mandolin Strings tuned in pairs. Violin Viola Cello An extension gives the Double Bass following additonal (written) notes: Eb2, D2, Db2, C2 Ensembles & Transposition Orchestra Modern Orchestras Instrumentation I. Strings A. Violins 1st Violins- 16 to 18 people 2nd Violins- 14 to 18 people B. Viola -read C clef -8 to 12 people C. Cello -8 to 10 people D. Bass -8 people II. Woodwinds A. Piccolo- 1 person B. Flutes- 2 people C. Oboes- 2 people D. English Horn- 1 person E. Bassoon- 2 people F. Contrabassoon- 1 person G. Clarinets- 2 people H. Bass Clarinet- 1 person III. Brass A. Trumpets- 3 people B. French Horns- 4 people C. Trombone- 3 people D. Bass Trombone- 1 person E. Tuba- 1 person IV. Percussion A. Timpani- 1 person B. Harp- 2 people C. Piano- 1 person D. Other Percussionists- 4 people Concert Master -first chair violin -Tunes the whole orchestra -Leads all strings (decides on type of bowing) -at first, he was the conductor, everybody listened to him Tuning -Everyone tunes to Oboe because of harmonics. It is the hardest to tune. -Everyone tunes to "A". Band- Symphonic vs. Wind Ensemble Band -A Band is any collection of musicians. -The 2 main countries for the origin of band are USA and England. -Bands started in the 1900’s. -There are 2 Opposing Philosophies for Band: Symphonic Band Wind Ensemble Hindsley- University of Illinois Fennel- Eastman -started transcribing -wanted only one person massive Orchestra music on a part. for Band. -Had smaller bands. -Had huge Bands Symphonic Band Instrumentation I. Woodwinds A. 1 Piccolo B. 12 Flutes C. 4 Oboes D. 4 bassoons (contrabassoon E. 1 Eb Clarinet F. 20-25 Clarinets G. 2 Alto Clarinets H. 2-4 Bass Clarinets I. 1 Contra-Alto Clarinet (Eb) J. 1 ContraBass (Bb) K. 2 Alto Saxes L. 1 Tenor Sax M. 1 Bari-Sax II. Brass A. 9 Cornets B. 4 Trumpets C. 9 French Horns D. 10 Trombones E. 4 Euphoniums F. 6 Basses G. 2 String Basses III. Percussion A. 1 Timpani B. 2 Harps C. 1 Piano D. 4-5 Percussionists Wind Ensemble Instrumentation I. Woodwinds A. 1 Piccolo B. 2-4 Flutes C. 2 Oboes D. 2 Bassoons E. 1 Eb Clarinet F. 6-8 Clarinets G. 2 Bass Clarinets H. 1 ContraBass Clarinet I. 2 Alto Saxes J. 1 Tenor Sax K. 1 Bari Sax II. Brass A. 3 Cornets B. 2 Trumpets C. 4-6 French Horns D. 4 Trombones E. 2 Euphoniums F. 2 Basses G. 1 String Bass III. Percussion A. 1 Timpani B. 4 Percussion Transposition & Instrument ranges Instrument Key Sounds Transposes Range (Instrument Note) Violin C Same None Viola C Same None Cello C Same None 8vb 8va String Bass C (Octave Down) (Octave Up) 8va 8vb Piccolo C (Octave Up) (Octave Down) Flute C Same None Oboe C Same None English Horn F Down P5 Up P5 Bassoon C Same None Clarinet Bb Down M2 Up M2 Bass Clarinet Bb Down M2+P8 Up M2+P8 Alto Sax Eb Down M6 Up M6 Tenor Sax Bb Down M2+P8 Up M2+P8 Bari Sax Eb Down M6+P8 Up M6+P8 Trumpet Bb Down M2 Up M2 French Horn F Down P5 Up P5 Trombone C Same None Euphonium C Same None Tuba C Same None 8va 8vb Xylophone C (Octave Up) (Octave Down) Marimba C Same None Bells C Same None Vibes C Same None 8va 8vb Celesta C (Octave Up) (Octave Down) Chimes C Same None Harp C Same None 32 29 Timani Same None 26 23 Piano C Same None Soprano Alto Voice Same None Tenor Bass Transposing instrument From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A transposing instrument is a musical instrument for which written notes are read at a pitch different from sounding note concert pitch , which a non-transposing instrument, such as a piano , would play. Playing a written C on a transposing instrument will produce (sound) a note other than concert C. The concert pitch of that written C determines the key from which an instrument transposes. For example, a written C on a B ♭ clarinet sounds a concert B ♭. Transposing harmonia or electronic keyboards with a transpose function can also sound a different set of pitches from what is notated, but these are not usually called transposing instruments. Contents [hide ] 1 Reasons for transposing o 1.1 Transposition at the octave o 1.2 Historical reasons o 1.3 Families of instruments 1.3.1 Tone and sound quality 2 Mechanical and physical considerations 3 On the conductor's score 4 List of instruments by transposition o 4.1 Timpani 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References [edit ]Reasons for transposing Though writing for transposing instruments entails more work for a composer or arranger, there are several reasons why instruments are transposed. [edit ]Transposition at the octave See also octave clef . If an instrument has a range that is too high or too low for its music to be easily written on bass or treble clef, the music may be written either an octave higher or an octave lower than it sounds, in order to reduce the use of ledger lines . Instruments that "transpose at the octave" are not playing in a different key from concert pitch instruments, but sound an octave higher or lower than written. Some instruments with extremely high or low ranges use a two-octave transposition. Music for the contrabassoon and the double bass is written on the bass clef , one octave higher than concert pitch. Music for the guitar and, frequently, the tenor voice is written on thetreble clef , one octave higher than concert pitch. Music for the piccolo is written on the treble clef, one octave lower than concert pitch. If these instruments did not transpose at the octave many of their pitches would be written far above or below the staff, making reading comparatively cumbersome. [edit ]Historical reasons Historically, some instruments have come to be accepted (and widely manufactured) with a certain transposition as a standard and most music written for those instruments would be transposed accordingly. [edit ]Families of instruments Many instruments are members of a family of instruments that differ mainly in size, such as the saxophone, clarinet, flute, etc. The instruments in these families have differing ranges , with the members sounding lower as they get larger. If the music for each was not transposed to maintain the same fingerings for the same written notes, players would have to learn to read differently for each pitch of instrument (players of non-transposing instruments like the trombone or tuba have to do this anyway).