A Review of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Breast Cancer and the Mechanism of Cyclophosphamide as an Effective Chemotherapeutic Agent Analysa Frederick, Yuzhu Wang, Zachary Wratten, Barbara L. Brabetz Department of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, SUNY Cobleskill, Cobleskill, NY 12043
Introduction Background on Breast Cancer Future Treatment
Cyclophosphamide or cytoxan is considered one of the most Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common form of breast cancer Utidelone is a phase III chemotherapy drug designed to treat successful chemotherapy drugs which was synthesized in 1958. which makes up 80% of breast cancer cases. IDC can also be called infiltrating metastic breast cancer. Utidelone is currently being researched as a Cytoxan is an inactive synthetic chemotherapy drug that works as an ductal carcinoma. IDC starts in the milk ducts of the breast, but slowly starts replacement in patients who have developed resistance to taxanes and alkylating agent which results in DNA cross linkage. The S phase of the invading the surrounding fatty tissue of the breast outside the duct. BRCA1 is anthracyclines, some of the most common drugs used in the treatment cell cycle is the main issue that inhibits normal cell division. The other gene mutation found on the q arm of chromosome 17, and BRCA 2 is a gene of breast cancer. Utidelone is an analogue of the epothilone class of areas of cell cycle are also effected which can lead to apoptosis of the mutation found on the q arm of chromosome 13. Both of these genes increase the chemotherapy drugs, such as Ixabepilone. Like other epothilones, cell. Cytoxan also has an immunosuppressive effect which suppresses risk for developing breast cancer, which IDC is on of the breast cancers linked to Utidelone prevents the growth of mitotic spindles by promoting the the body’s immune response. Cytoxan can treat different types of the BRCA mutations. formation and preventing the degradation of microtubules bunches. This lymphomas and leukemias in addition to neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, action causes failure in the mitosis phase of the cell cycle, resulting in Ewing’s sarcom, rhabdomyosarcoma,, breast, lung, ovarian, testicular, apoptosis. Being that it is produced by the mxyobacterium S. and endometrial cancer. The drug is usually given through an IV, but it Cellulosum, Utidelone can also be produced cheaper and more can be given orally or injected directly into the muscle. Cytoxin as Chemotherapy efficiently than other chemotherapy drugs.
Utidelone plus capecitabine versus capecitabine.. By Zhang, P.
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(i) Persistence of the crosslinks in G 1 phase. Wu, D. (2010, July 8) Own Work, CC BY-SA 3.0 [Digital Image] Retrieved from (ii) Collapse of the stalled replication fork due to the presence of crosslinks in https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10837093 Cytoxan by S phase. (iii) Insufficient or excess repair of the crosslinks in G 2 phase. Zhang, P., Sun, T., Zhang, Q., Yuan, Z., Jiang, Z., Wang, X. J., . . . Xu, B. (2017). Utidelone plus Vaccinatioist Cell Cycle by Richard capecitabine versus capecitabine alone for heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer refractory Wheeler (iv) Mitotic catastrophe or incomplete cytokinesis in M phase. to anthracyclines and taxanes: a multicentre, open-label, superiority, phase 3, randomised (v) Multi-nucleation in the tetraploid G 1 phase. controlled trial. The Lancet Oncology, 18(3), 371-383. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30088-8