Hort 2008/040 Final Report
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Final report project Integrated crop production of bananas in Indonesia and Australia project number HORT 2008/040 date published prepared by Agustin B. Molina co-authors/ Catur Hermanto, Tony Pattison, Siti Subandiyah, Winarno and contributors/ Sukarman collaborators approved by final report number ISBN published by ACIAR GPO Box 1571 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia This publication is published by ACIAR ABN 34 864 955 427. Care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication. However ACIAR cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information or opinions contained in the publication. You should make your own enquiries before making decisions concerning your interests. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) XXXX - This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from ACIAR, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, [email protected]. Final Report: Integrated crop production of bananas in Indonesia and Australia Contents 1 Acknowledgments .................................................................................... 3 2 Acronyms .................................................................................................. 4 3 Executive summary .................................................................................. 5 4 Background ............................................................................................... 9 5 Objectives ............................................................................................... 11 6 Methodology ........................................................................................... 12 6.1 Pilot Studies .......................................................................................................................12 6.2 Strategic Research ............................................................................................................14 7 Achievements against activities and outputs/milestones .................. 20 8 Key results and discussion ................................................................... 32 8.1 Pilot Studies .......................................................................................................................32 8.2 Strategic Research ............................................................................................................39 9 Impacts .................................................................................................... 48 9.1 Scientific impacts – now and in 5 years .............................................................................48 9.2 Capacity impacts – now and in 5 years .............................................................................50 9.3 Community impacts – now and in 5 years .........................................................................52 9.4 Communication and dissemination activities .....................................................................54 10 Conclusions and recommendations ..................................................... 55 10.1 Conclusions: .......................................................................................................................55 10.2 Recommendations .............................................................................................................56 11 References .............................................................................................. 58 11.1 References cited in report ..................................................................................................58 11.2 List of publications produced by project .............................................................................59 12 Appendices ............................................................................................. 62 12.1.1 Summary of Indonesian Project Activities .........................................................................65 12.2 Summary of Australian Project Activities (as of May 2013) .............................................103 Page ii Final Report: Integrated crop production of bananas in Indonesia and Australia 1 Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the following: All members of the project implementation team, too numerous to mention here, for their full cooperation and hard work The project coordinators from ACIAR, Les Baxter and the initial help from Felicity Muller, for their support and technical guidance. The administrative support and cooperation from our partner institutes: 1. Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) 2. Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) 3. Indonesian Centre for Horticultural Research and Development (ICHORD) 4. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Gadjah Mada 5. Directorate General of Horticulture The Bioversity International team Vida Sinohin, Bernadette Joven and Jayne Generoso including Vincent Johnson for his important editorial support for this report. All the team members from the abovementioned partner institutes. Last but not the least, ACIAR in providing financial support for this project. Page 3 Final Report: Integrated crop production of bananas in Indonesia and Australia 2 Acronyms ACIAR Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research BAPNET Banana Asia-Pacific network BBD Banana blood disease BBTD Banana bunchy top disease BBTV Banana bunchy top virus BMP best management practice BPTP Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian CDSI Corm Disease Severity Index CTAB cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide CWTA Centre for Wet Tropical Agriculture DAFF Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry DI Disease incidence Dinas Dinas Pertanian (Agriculture Office) EAHB East African highland bananas FDA fluorescin diacetate Foc Fusarium oxysporum cubense Fol Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici FW Fusarium Wilt GGPC Great Giant Pineapple Company ICHORD Indonesian Centre for Horticultural Research and Development ICM integrated crop management IPM integrated pest management ITFRI Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute LDSI Leaf Disease Severity Index LSD Least significant difference LSI Leaf Symptom Index NTF Nusantara Tropical Fruits PDA Potato Dextrose Agar POT package of technologies TR4 Tropical Race 4 UGM University of Gadjah Mada VCG Vegetative compatibility group WSA water stable aggregates Page 4 Final Report: Integrated crop production of bananas in Indonesia and Australia 3 Executive summary This project aimed at developing science-based disease management approaches of banana wilts, with emphasis on Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), to improve productivity and profitability of bananas thereby improving livelihoods of banana growers in Indonesia and Australia. The research activities focused on two major areas. One focused on identifying and adapting known Integrated Pest and Disease Management practices (IPM) through integration with cropping systems approaches. The second focus area was to carry out strategic studies to further build knowledge and capacity that would improve abilities to formulate and implement sound IPM tactics. These included basic and applied studies to better understand the underlying basis of host-pathogen interactions, as in the case of soil-supression in Foc epidemics; and studies on host-pathogen interactions as influenced by virulence of various strains of the pathogen against different Musa cultivars. These research activities aimed to fill in knowledge gaps for developing more efficient disease management strategies. Piloting of ICM/IPM practices In Indonesia, best disease and crop management practices developed both in previous ACIAR-funded projects1 were reviewed, identified and subsequently validated through pilot studies. This also including integrating results of other national and regional studies in managing banana wilt diseases and improving productivity Through expert brainstorming/workshop and farmer-participatory appraisal workshops, 15 disease management options were identified and adopted in various combinations by farmer- collaborators in pilot sites in Lampung, Sumatra, and Cianjur, West Java in Indonesia. Fusarium wilt Tropical Race 4 (TR4) and banana blood disease (BBD), are the major constraints to banana production in these two areas. Being both soil-borne pathogens, crop and disease management approaches are similarly relevant for both diseases, so the work on Foc will be also applied to controlling BBD. Banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) has also been observed to be an important emerging disease problem. The packages of technologies (POTs) recommended to farmers included the use of healthy planting materials, appropriate land preparation, plant density and planting pattern management, soil fertility and nutrient management, identification and eradication of infected plants, water and drainage management, weed management, and the use of diversified cropping system to reduce disease epidemics. Farmers adopted different combinations of the above technologies according to their needs and capacities. Results of a rapid participatory appraisal study showed that farmer- collaborators in Lampung had lower knowledge of IPM and ICM technologies and initially adopted more diverse practices compared to farmers from Cianjur, who were more informed and adopting better farming practices. Cluster analyses comparing farmers in Lampung