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Castellabate… in tasca PON-10.2.2A-FSE-PON-CA-2017-425 Insieme alla scoperta di un mondo Modulo-Cilento Guide 2 Esperto madre lingua : Ferraro Antonio Tutor: Margiotta Saveria I NOSTRI PARTNERS ASSOCIAZIONE CILENTO VERDE BLU PON-10.2.2A-FSE-PON-CA-2017-425 Dedicato agli alunni che si sono impegnati con entusiasmo in questo splendido lavoro 2 1.CASTELLABATE Castellabate is located in the south of Italy, in the Campania region, and it is part of the province of Salerno. It has been an autonomous county since 1806. There are about 9000 inhabitants on its territory which is situated between Punta Licosa and Tresino. It borders with the municipalities of Agropoli, Laureana Cilento, Montecorice and Perdifumo. It counts the hamlets of Santa Maria, San Marco, Ogliastro Marina, Licosa, Alano and Lago. The territory measures 32 square km while the costal line develops for 34 linear km. Castellabate is part of the National Park of Cilento and Vallo di Diano and has been granted the status of World Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. The sea and the coast of Castellabate 3 are since 1972 under marine biological protection to preserve its natural heritage, representing one of the first example of Marine Park in Italy. Castellabate sandy beaches have been awarded the Green Flag. 2.THE CASTLE The Castle was commissioned by Costabile Gentilcore, the fourth abbot of Cava dei Tirreni in 1123, under the privilege and permission of the prince of Normandy William 1st. It was built with towers at the cardinal points and presented itself like a fortress. 4 The lands were previously occupied by the Longobards and the Normans but, the Benedictines of Cava reclaimed the area and built a fortress as a defense from the Saracen population. Beato Simeone completed the castle and added a small port to develop trade routes. Another reason for the construction of the castle was to unify the religious population of the area. 3.THE 5 DOORS TO CASTELLABATE In Castellabate there are 5 doors to enter the medieval village: Porta del Mare is the most beautiful. Porta del mare is the most beautiful. The other four are Porta de li buoi , Porta Cavalieri, Porta la Chiazza and Fore a Porta. They are located in different places and they are not physical doors but, arches built in the past. 5 Porta di Mare is the most beautiful and it is linked to a legend: in 1700, Teresa Stornella had to get married with Cipullo, a farmer under the feudal lord. For this reason, the brothers of Teresa and the future brother in law decided to kill him. Porta de li Buoi is near the centre of Castellabate. It is an old access into the center. Porta Cavalieri has been inhabited by Ruggero Leoncavallo. From there, the road to the sea starts. Porta la Chiazza was, in the past, an observation point in the event of attacks by the Saracens. In case of enemy sightings, smoke signals were sent during the day while fire signals were used at night. Fore a Porta is located today next to the Hotel Il Castello. 4.THE PONTIFICAL BASILICA OF SANTA MARIA ASSUNTA 6 The Romanesque Basilica of Castellabate dates back to the first half of the XII century. The ritual of its dedication took place on January 17, 1138, by the hands of Blessed Simeon V Abbot of Cava dei Tirreni, successor of San Costabile Gentilcore. The Basilica, initially built in two naves, according to the Romanesque style, underwent its first transformation in the XV century with the addition, on its left side, of noble chapels, whose bare pillars and arches of entry were covered with local sandstone in the following century. In the same century, the sacred temple was enriched with transept and apse, as evidenced by the Gothic monofore, which reappeared during the restoration work. Today, after restoration work, the temple, with the attached bell tower, has largely taken over its original face, preserving the Baroque style, the main facade, the transept and the apse. The Polyptych of Pavanino da Palermo is of capital importance for the knowledge of fifteenth-century painting in Southern Italy. 7 5.PALACES AND TOWERS Numerous palaces of civil origin, of great prestige and beauty are found in Castellabate. One of the most important is certainly Palazzo Belmonte. It is a noble structure built in 1733 merging pre existing buildings. This structure with a five acre park was originally built as a hunting lodge according to the style of the Spanish architects in the service of the Bourbons of 8 Naples and houses the prince Granito Pignatelli di Belmonte. It represented one of the dwellings of king Charles of Bourbon, passionate about hunting and fishing. The defensive system of Castellabate included several costal towers, raised to spot the Saracen boat that approached the coast with the intent to plunder or conquer it. These towers also offered local population a first defense against possible invaders. 9 6.TORRE PERROTTI Torre Perrotti is a monumental emblem in the urban historical context of significant landscape interest, assuming a con notation of a qualified cultural landscape. Thus the tower in its superb architectural form has become a historical memory of the family and of the place, rising in time as a monumental symbol of the coastal territory of Castellabate. The Tower owned by the noble family of Baroni Perrotti is the only one in the entire coast of Campania to be inhabited and by the same family in the last two centuries. It is reached along the outer perimeter of the castle and houses the homonymous palace, dating back to the 12th century. The Tower is an ancient 10 building of the 15th century with a terrace overlooking the beach of Marina Piccola. Built as a watch tower today it accommodates many civil ceremonies and with the 16th century palace is one of the largest historical residence for tourists. 7.VILLA MATARAZZO Villa Matarazzo is the ancient home of the Matarazzo family set in the middle of the lively Corso Matarazzo in Santa Maria di Castellabate. It is surrounded by a pine forest and there is a rose garden in the middle of it. The 19th century villa was the summer residence of count Francesco Matarazzo, immigrated to Brazil in 1881, where he became one of the most important industrialists of the world. The history of this family is a very important page in the history of Castellabate for the important role it has played in its growth and for the generosity it had for the people who keep a wonderful memory of it. Villa Matarazzo is today property of the National Park of Cilento and Vallo di Diano (our partner in this project) and houses the permanent exhibition Mare Antico and a library. During summer many initiatives are promoted there. 11 8.PORTO DELLE GATTE “Lu Travierso” also known as Porto delle Gatte is a structure of the 12th century formed by an arched building commissioned by Abbott Simeone. Inside the arches there were useful warehouses for storing goods like cereals, olive oil and wine, which were exchanged particularly with Cava dei Tirreni and Naples. The use of those warehouses changed several times during the years, from places where fishermen kept their nets and fishing equipments to commercial premises and to restaurants. 9.THE SANCTUARY 12 The Sanctuary of Santa Maria a Mare is a religious structure known as early as 1102. It has existed prior to the settlement of the modern village and although with considerable transformation it is located in the same place where it was initially built. The building consists of 3 naves divided by pillars and has a hexagonal bell tower that distinguishes the landscape of Marina Piccola. At the center of the apse stands a statue of Santa Maria, patron saint of the village. Every august 15th a religious and patron feast is held in her honor. 10.PUNTA LICOSA Punta Licosa is rightly considered one of the 12 most beautiful seaside resorts in the world. The coast of Punta Licosa consists of many rocky beaches which are really uncontaminated paradises. Leucosia, home and tomb of the Sirens, encloses in a strip of 3 km of coastline, history, legend and breathtaking landscapes. Here you can admire the remains of the old settlements dating back perhaps to the XI or X century, submerged in the sea 13 between the tip and the small neighboring island. Here you can see walls belonging perhaps to a Roman villa, columns and tombs. 11. PUNTA TRESINO Many centuries before Christ, Punta Tresino was a small community dedicated to agriculture. It is an uncontaminated mountain, an extreme offshoot of Mount Stella that extends to the shore of the Tyrrhenian Sea, located between the municipalities of Agropoli and that of Castellabate. The name Tresino probably derives from the presence of the Trezeni Greeks who settled in the area. Like Licosa, Tresino has its legend as well. It is said that a Saracen princess fell in love with a fisherman in the area. Every evening she waited on her rock for her love who, one day, never returned. The princess decided to take her life and Neptune petrified their love. Even today at Punta Tresino there is a rock shaped like a woman and it is believed it is the princess. At Punta Tresino you can go trekking or take walks on foot or on horses. These activities are organized by tourist guides. 14 12.ITINERARIES. The Cilento National Park is Italy’s second largest national park. Castellabate is at the northern end of the park, cradled between the two promontories of Tresino and Licosa, with gorgeous landscapes to enjoy.