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Asteraceae – Aster Family

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ASTERACEAE – ASTER FAMILY Plant: herbs (annual or perennial), some shrubs, rarely vines or trees. Stem: Root: Often with tubers, rhizomes, stolons, or fleshy roots Leaves: mostly simple, some compound, alternate or opposite, rarely whorled. Flowers: flower head supported by an involucre (whorl of green bracts); each head composed of small flowers (composite) of flat ray-like (ligulate) flowers on the outside (ray flowers) and central tube-like flowers (disk flowers) – some species may have only one or the other. Calyx absent or modified into hairs, bristles, scales or a crown (pappus); 5 stamens (syngenesious -united by anthers); 5 united petals (sympetalous), receptacle may also have hairs or bristles. Both pappus and receptacle hairs/bristles may be used in ID. Fruit: achene (small, one-seeded, inferior ovule, 2 carpels, hard shell fruit) often with persisting crowned pappus which helps with seed dispersal. Other: Very large family, 1-2,000 genera, 20,000+ species. Dicotyledons Group WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive ASTERACEAE – ASTER FAMILY Annual Marsh Elder [Sump Weed]; Iva annua L. [Two-Flowered] Cynthia [Dwarfdandelion]; Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake var. biflora Potato [Dwarf] Dandelion; Krigia dandelion (L.) Nutt. Virginia Dwarf-Dandelion; Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. Wild [Canada] Lettuce; Lactuca canadensis L. var. canadensis Wild [Canada] Lettuce; Lactuca canadensis L. var. longifolia Tall Blue [Woodland] Lettuce; Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. Willowleaf Lettuce; Lactuca saligna L. (Introduced) Prickly [Yellow] Lettuce; Lactuca serriola L. (Introduced) Ox-Eye Daisy; Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. (Introduced) Rough [Tall] Blazing Star; Liatris aspera Michx. Cylindrical [Ontario] Blazing Star; Liatris cylindracea Michx. Dotted Blazing Star [Prairie Snakeroot]; Liatris punctata Hook. Prairie Blazing Star [Cattail Gay-Feather; Liatris pycnostachya Michx. Devil's Bite [Northern Blazing Star]; Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. Dense [Marsh] Blazing Star; Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. Scaly Blazing Star; Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. [Texas] Skeleton-Plant; Lygodesmia texana (Torr. & A. Gray) Greene Pineapple-Weed [Disc Mayweed]; Matricaria discoidea DC. (Introduced) Plains Blackfoot [Rock] Daisy; Melampodium leucanthum Torr. & A. Gray Climbing Hempvine [Hempweed]; Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. (M. pubescens Nutt.) Annual Marsh Elder [Sump Weed] USDA Iva annua L. Asteraceae (Aster Family) Big Cane Conservation Area, Butler County, Missouri Notes: discoid; central staminate flowers pendant in dense spikes with heads solitary at nodes, each with a leafy bract, pistillate heads marginal; leaves mostly opposite (some may be alternate toward tip) and variable in petiole length and hairiness, lanceolate to ovate, toothed or not; stem finely ridged, glabrous toward base but hairy toward tip; summer to fall (some base varieties on bract shape) [V Max Brown, 2012] [Two-Flowered] Cynthia USDA [Dwarf-Dandelion] Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake var. biflora Asteraceae (Aster Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: ligulate; flowers orange to yellowish-orange; leaves mostly basal, elliptical to lanceolate-ovate, mostly entire but can be toothed to somewhat pinnatifid, mostly glabrous, stem leaves reduced and clasping; stem branching above; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2006] Potato [Dwarf] Dandelion USDA Krigia dandelion (L.) Nutt. AsteraceaeGlades, (Aster taumFamily) salk Taum Sauk Moutain State Park, Iron County, Missouri Notes: ligulate; flowers yellow; 20-45 bristles and 10-15 scales makeup the pappus (upper part of achene); leaves basal, linear to lanceolate, entire to somewhat pinnatifid, mostly sessile, usually hairy; stems hairy; tubers present; glades, bluffs, ledges, and upland forests; spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2010] Virginia Dwarf- USDA Dandelion Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. Asteraceae (Aster Family) Kitty Todd Nature Preserve, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: ligulate; flowers yellow, 5-7 bristles and 5-7 scales makeup the pappus (upper part of achene); leaves basal, lanceolate to narrow ovate, entire to somewhat pinnatifid; stems hairy; spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2006] Wild [Canada] Lettuce USDA Lactuca canadensis L. var. canadensis Asteraceae (Aster Family) Kitty Todd Nature Preserve, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: ligulate; flowers yellow to reddish-yellow, heads elongated, usually 12+ heads; leaves mostly entire, linear-lanceolate, clasping at base, usually not lobed, glabrous; achene flat, black with filiform beak; tall plant to 3m; varieties based on leaf structure and not accepted by everyone; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2006] Wild [Canada] Lettuce USDA Lactuca canadensis L. var. longifolia Asteraceae (Aster Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: ligulate; flowers yellow to reddish-yellow, heads elongated, 12+ heads; leaves pinnatifid, segments usually entire (not toothed), often clasping; achene flat, black with filiform beak; tall plant to 3m; varieties based on leaf structure and not accepted by everyone; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2004] Tall Blue [Woodland] Lettuce USDA Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. Asteraceae (Aster Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: ligulate; flowers blue (white); leaves usually pinnatifid and coarsely toothed; achenes with white pappus, several veins on surface, with or without a beak; tall plant (to 3m); summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2004] Willowleaf Lettuce USDA Lactuca saligna L. (Introduced) Asteraceae (Aster Family) Nixa area, Christian County, Missouri Notes: ligulate; flowers mostly yellowish, inflorescence spike-like or in axils of leaves; leaves variably lobed or without lobes on upper stem, entire (no teeth), narrow basal lobes clasping stem; no spines (not prickly) either on leaves or veins, usually glabrous, leaves usually ascending on stem; stem not prickly; waste areas; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2017] Prickly [Yellow] Lettuce USDA Lactuca serriola L. (Introduced) Asteraceae (Aster Family) Terre Haute area, Vigo County, Indiana Notes: ligulate; flowers light yellow, dries bluish; leaves pinnatifid or variably lobed, spiny on lower midrib and on margins, glabrous above, often ascending on stem; achenes with long beak; stem may also be prickly; tall plant; waste areas; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2007] Ox-Eye Daisy USDA Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. (Introduced) Asteraceae (Aster Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: ray flowers (15-35) white, disc yellow with dimple in center, bracts with brown margins; lower and basal leaves ovate to spatulate with long petioles, upper leaves sessile, lanceolate, with pronounced teeth that become larger toward stem; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2005] Rough [Tall] Blazing Star USDA Liatris aspera Michx. Asteraceae (Aster Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: discoid; flower purple (white), upper phyllaries - broad, rounded, peeled back, with deep scarious margins, pappus barbed (not plumose); leaves linear to narrow lanceolate, gradually reduced upward; stem often pubescent; late summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2004] Cylindrical [Ontario] Blazing USDA Star Liatris cylindracea Michx. Asteraceae (Aster Family) Adams Lake State Park, Adams County, Ohio Notes: discoid; flower purple, heads cylindrical with few to many flowers, hairy within, phyllaries appressed, ovate with a sharp point (mucronate), glabrous on back, peduncles glabrous; leaves very long (especially at base), linear; stem glabrous; dry prairies; summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2009] Dotted Blazing Star USDA [Prairie Snakeroot] Liatris punctata Hook. Asteraceae (Aster Family) Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, Greene County, Missouri Notes: discoid; flowers purple (3-8 heads), upper phyllaries - broad, rounded to acuminate, peeled back, with shallow scarious margins, pappus plumose; heads oblong on dense spikes; leaves linear, reduced upward, less than 0.5 cm wide, many round dots on underside; stem glabrous; plants usually less than 90 cm tall; prairies; late summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2010] Prairie Blazing Star USDA [Cattail Gay-Feather] Liatris pycnostachya Michx. Asteraceae (Aster Family) Cave City area, Sharp County, Arkansas Notes: discoid; flower purple, upper phyllaries - broad, rounded to acuminate, peeled back, with deep scarious margins, pappus barbellate; heads oblong on dense spikes, rachis hairy; lower leaves very long (linear), reduced upward; stem densely hairy; late summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2007] Devil's Bite [Northern Blazing Star] USDA Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. Asteraceae (Aster Family) Adams Lake State park, Adams County, Ohio Notes: discoid; flower purple, few to many flowered, pappus barbed; peduncles short, upper phyllaries - broad, rounded, somewhat peeled back, scarious margins but not deeply lacerate; leaves linear to narrow lanceolate, gradually reduced upward, lowest leaves lanceolate with long petioles; stem slightly hairy; late summer to early fall (often similar to L. aspera, sometimes difficult to ID) [V Max Brown, 2009] Dense [Marsh, Spiked] Blazing Star USDA Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. Asteraceae (Aster Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: discoid; flowers purple (rarely white), phyllaries - rounded, glabrous, not peeled back, flower clusters dense and mostly sessile, pappus barbellate; lower leaves linear and long; stem glabrous; late summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2005] Scaly Blazing Star USDA Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. Asteraceae (Aster Family)
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  • National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands

    National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands

    ;>\ ....--'. PB89-169940 BIOLOGICAL REPORT 88(26.9) MAY 1988 NATIONAL LIST OF PLANT SPECIES THAT OCCUR IN WETLANDS: . NORTHWEST (REGION 9) " h d W"ldl"f S· In Cooperation with the National and FIS an I I e ervlce Regional Interagency Review Panels U.S. Department of the Interior REPR~EDBY u.s. DEPARTMENTOF COMMERCE NATIONAL TECHNICAL ItEORMATJON SERVICE SPRINGFIELD. VA 22161 S02n-'Ol RE?ORT DOCUMENTATION 11. REPORT NO. PAG, iBioloqical Report 88(26.9) 4. TItle arld SUbtitle National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetiands: Northwe~t (Region 9). 7. Autllor(s) Porter B. Reed, Jr. 9. Perfonnlnc O,..nl.etton H..... • nd _ .... National Ecology Research Center U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 11. <:omncttC) or Gr.ntCG) No. Creekside One Bldg., 2627 Redwing Rd. Fort Collins, CO 80526-2899 CGl 12. SIlO....,.;n. O,..nlUtlon H_ .rld Acid.... 13. TYIMI of Repott & Period e-Nd Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Research and Development 14. Washington, DC 20240 The National list of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands represents the combined efforts of many biologists over the last decade to define the wetland flora of the United States. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service initially developed the list in order to provide an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (FWS/OBS 79/31) to assist in the field identification of wetlands. Plant species that occur in wetlands, as used in the National List, are defined as species that have demonstrated an ability to achieve maturity and reproduce in an environment where all or portions of the soil within the root zone become, periodically or continuously, saturated or inundated during the growing season.