Life and Works [Prose Works
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CORRESPONDENCE. BIOGRAPHICAL REMARKS. BUBNS AS PKOFESSIONAL LETTEK-WEITEE. OP Annibal Caro, incontestibly one of the most dent's claims in rank, in taste, or disposition, in accomplished letter-writers in Europe, we shall every individual case. Of his Literary, or what have occasion hereafter to speak more fully: in the may be called his Professional Correspondence, we meantime, taking even him into account, we must have now to speak, in which the same character- observe that scarcely any letter-writer, whose un- istics of artistic discrimination are apparent, but revised indiscriminate correspondence pertains to with greater latitude and license, as the case im- us, has manifested such an extraordinary power ports. His style in these literary communications of adapting himself in style and language simul- is, distinctly, of two sorts. We have traces indeed taneously to such a variety of characters, and of of a third, instinctively adopted in certain peculiar attaining at the same time so perfectly the object cases, which does honour to his heart as well as to as Robert Burns. his these are too of correspondence with all, To head ; although specimens incon- the plainest and the most fastidious; to men, to siderable, perhaps, to merit a division by them- women, to children almost in capacity, he is pre- selves. The two grand departments of his literary he should be whether of his are those which include the cisely what ; and any correspondence (1) innumerable epistles failed for the moment of pro- formal studied communications to men who were ducing the desired effect, they were all, or nearly not only friends and patrons of his own, but all, that could be imagined or written most appro- acknowledged authorities themselves in the liter- priate in the circumstances. That he had the ary, or in the fashionable, world: and (2) the no heartiest ambition to excel in this difficult depart- less studied but much freer communications in ment of literary workmanship, is obvious; and would which he himself was either the literary patron, be obvious from a thousand marks in his epistles or highest imaginable literary authority, for the themselves, although we had no direct avowal of the time. The third sort, of which we have only a few fact under his own hand. It was his earliest study, examples (in connection at least with literary sub- and his most fascinating pursuit, in which he at- jects), includes those special communications in tained at last an ease and perfection rarely equalled which he addresses, with the respect and deference by the most accomplished, and never excelled. due to their position or character, the ministers On his letter-writing to women we have already of religion; or with the mingled authority and had an opportunity of commenting, and have also consideration suggested by circumstances, those had an opportunity of judging of its variety, of its who might apply to him for assistance or advice. beauty, of its singular fitness for the correspon- To correspondents in each and all of these various m LIFE AND WORKS [PROSE WORKS. are these indeed, of this are not only the most con- classes, and to every man in his degree, type, in his with a siderable, but the finest of our Author literary communications of adapted specimens this kind extant. Of the celebrated freedom, a minuteness, and a propriety of diction autobiography addressed to that after long considera- that is truly astonishing. gentleman, on the writer's as The rudiments of his more formal style, as being tion and much misgiving part, Poet's own letter on the that to which a young man almost invariably first we learn from the subject to Mrs. we after the most careful addicts himself, and which is indeed most suitable Dunlop, cannot, in the same terms of always in certain cases, are to be found in those study, speak very highest he has critical in which Professor Wilson mentions early studied fragments of which preserved eulogy in it a little us a selection from note books, &c., in his epistle it; for there 'are passages undoubtedly and not a little in which still to Captain Riddel. This style was suggested by forced, stilted, style and contends with and even with truth, to the his boyish admiration of Steele and Addison nature, of both. But to be the first outline other courtly letter-writers of that age, specimens disadvantage life written such a man in his then of whose works were made slightly familiar to him of his own by and to such an at the at school ; and it was cultivated with secret assidu- circumstances, authority both a wonderful and ous devotion, in ambitious rivalry of their finest moment, it is unquestionably other his models. Disraeli the elder, in his essay on the an admirable performance. On the hand, to Dr. all in the same Literary Character, laments that the sketch of him- succeeding letters Moore, of his to are of the sort and the letter self thus begun by Burns, in that epistle style, masterpieces ; Mr. Captain Riddel, was never completed; and satisfies immediately succeeding, in which reference to " himself by observing that It was natural for such Graham of Fintry occurs, is as near perfection in a creature of sensation and passion to project such its way (and that a most difficult way) as any a regular task, but quite impossible to get through document written by a human pen. To criticise it." Considerable additional portions of the docu- the various peculiar literary and artistic excellences ments from which that epistle was compiled, have of these letters, and to point out how the courtly been discovered and since Disraeli the familiar and the and how published, wrote ; and practical blend, but they do not tend to throw much more light on the whole is uniquely fine, is unnecessary. The the subject. The fact seems to be, that most of the reader who cannot perceive and relish these points entries are studiously sententious and reflective, is beyond instruction: he does not know what a after the fashion of a regular methodistical diary, letter means, and never wrote one. and do not afford half so expressive an outline of Of the same formal and deferential style, mixed the man's existence and character as his unpre- with a tone of genuine respect and even reverence, meditated effusions to his fellow-men do. This is his correspondence with the clergy, or with per- studied style was not his happiest nor his truest; sons in their position, where his faith in their own although he earned it to a point of perfection piety or respectability inspired such sentiments. rarely attained even by its professed representa- With them, in such cases, he never jests, nor ap- tives. The as a style itself, which was formal at first, proaches them otherwise than gentlemanly but by the infusion of higher elements became at correspondent should. His prejudices against the last in the courtly highest sense, in tone and terms, profession, too well founded in general at the time, continued with him throughout, but with an im- neither blinded him to the highest claims of indi- mense difference in ease or adaptation, as compared viduals, nor affected in the least degree the becom- with his own original efforts, and even with the ing and truly religious tenor of his correspondence finest of his specimens admired original models. with good or pious men. The letters in which this style is most conspicuous, That other style, however, which is by far the it although gradually melts away towards the most frequent in his correspondence, and which is are those addressed to such close, noble patrons directly opposed to the formal or courtly, and may as or Glencairn, and to a as Eglinton, partially Buchan ; be described in word the natural or familiar, is or to for the literary magnates time, such as Dugald characterised by the most apparently unstudied and Moore. Stewart, Blair, The letters to Moore, ease, the most unconditional freedom, the most EDITOR'S REMARKS.] OF ROBERT BURNS. t>5 It extravagant abandon, and occasional license. now dominant: and finally, we have the unre- was in this sort of correspondence, confined entirely strained, unmeasured effusions of that nature to persons of bis own sex, tbat what may be called kindled and sometimes inflamed to the uttermost, his natural want of reserve or reverence showed on topics that might tempt to such freedom of itself more strongly even than in such extra- display, or to correspondents alone who relished " ordinary poetical productions as Holy Willie's or provoked it; which was by no means always Prayer." Characteristic specimens of this style unblameable, but always brilliant and character- occur most frequently, perhaps, in his general cor- istic in a high degree. In the current of this in his all ideas of restraint seem to have . respondence; although literary correspon- correspondence, dence also, more especially in his letters to Thomson been abandoned, and all fear of competition out of the and to Hill, strong enough illustrations of it, as the question. He had nobody's taste to consult reader will soon discover, are to be found. His but that of correspondents whom it would be diffi- literary correspondence, however, even of this sort, cult to displease; to whom in all literary respects is by no means to be mistaken for mere random or he was absolutely superior, and on whose part any unlicensed letter-writing. It has indeed a character attempt at rivalry with him, even in license, would of its own, in freedom and in recklessness, appro- have been ridiculous.