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METEOROLOGY SUMMARY SHEET for NABARD Grade A/B 2019

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METEOROLOGY SUMMARY SHEET for NABARD Grade A/B 2019 AGRICULTURE CHAPTER METEOROLOGY SUMMARY SHEET For NABARD Grade A/B 2019 1 | P a g e www.edutap.co.in Q u e r y ? [email protected] 8 1 4 6 2 0 7 2 4 1 Contents 1 What is Meteorology? .......................................................................................................................................... 4 2 What is the difference between weather and climate? ....................................................................................... 4 3 What is Agrometeorology? ................................................................................................................................... 5 4 ‘What is atmosphere?’.......................................................................................................................................... 5 4.1 The composition of the atmosphere: ........................................................................................................... 5 4.2 Structure of the atmosphere: ....................................................................................................................... 5 4.3 The following are the features of each of these layers: ............................................................................... 6 5 The following factors influence the weather and climate of different places around the world: ....................... 8 6 Clouds: .................................................................................................................................................................. 8 6.1 What are they? ............................................................................................................................................. 8 6.2 Classification of clouds: ................................................................................................................................ 8 6.2.1 Based on shape: .................................................................................................................................... 9 6.2.2 Classification of Clouds by The World Meteorological Organization ................................................... 9 The table given below gives a list of approximate heights of each level and the genera occurring in each: .......... 9 6.3 The table given below gives the detailed classification of clouds: ............................................................. 10 7 Precipitation: ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 8 Latitude: .............................................................................................................................................................. 12 9 Altitude: .............................................................................................................................................................. 13 10 Classification of Climate: ................................................................................................................................ 13 10.1 Various factors based on which classification is done: .............................................................................. 13 10.2 Koeppen’s scheme: ..................................................................................................................................... 14 10.2.1 Climatic Groups based on Koeppen: .................................................................................................. 14 10.3 Thornthwaite’s Climatic Classification:....................................................................................................... 14 10.3.1 1948 Classification: ............................................................................................................................. 14 10.4 Troll Classification: ...................................................................................................................................... 15 10.5 ICAR Classification: ..................................................................................................................................... 15 11 Scales of climate and their importance: ......................................................................................................... 16 11.1 The scales of air motion in different climates are given in the Table below: ............................................. 16 12 Indian Meteorological Department: ............................................................................................................... 16 13 What are Agrometeorological services? ........................................................................................................ 17 14 Integrated Agro-meteorological Advisory Service (IAAS) program of India: .................................................. 17 14.1 How is the weather forecasting done? ....................................................................................................... 18 15 Crop-Weather modelling: ............................................................................................................................... 18 15.1 TYPES OF MODELS: ..................................................................................................................................... 19 15.2 Some important Crop weather models running in India: ........................................................................... 20 15.3 Other crop models reported in recent literature: ...................................................................................... 20 2 | P a g e www.edutap.co.in Q u e r y ? [email protected] 8 1 4 6 2 0 7 2 4 1 16 Weather Forecasting: ..................................................................................................................................... 20 16.1 Types of weather forecast: ......................................................................................................................... 20 16.2 Weather Calender: ..................................................................................................................................... 21 17 IMD Classification of the rainfall in India: ....................................................................................................... 21 17.1 Criteria to classify the Seasonal Rainfall: .................................................................................................... 22 17.2 The new categories are: ............................................................................................................................. 22 17.3 Certain standardized key terms given by the IMD: .................................................................................... 22 18 Drought: .......................................................................................................................................................... 23 18.1 What is Drought? ........................................................................................................................................ 23 18.2 Different types of drought: ......................................................................................................................... 23 18.3 How does the India Meteorological Department monitor the Agricultural Drought?............................... 23 18.4 Aridity Anomaly Index (AAI): ...................................................................................................................... 24 19 Weather Modification: ................................................................................................................................... 24 19.1 Cloud Seeding: ............................................................................................................................................ 24 19.2 There are two basic types of cloud seeding - Cold and Warm: .................................................................. 24 20 Isopleths for different weather parameters: .................................................................................................. 25 3 | P a g e www.edutap.co.in Q u e r y ? [email protected] 8 1 4 6 2 0 7 2 4 1 1 What is Meteorology? • Meteorology is, by definition, the study of Earth's atmosphere. • It is derived from the Greek word “meteoron” which means "in the sky" or "high in the sky". • Meteorology is an extremely interdisciplinary science, drawing on the laws of physics and chemistry (among others) to aid in our understanding of Earth's atmosphere, its processes, and its structure. 2 What is the difference between weather and climate? Features Weather Climate Weather is the state of the Climate is the average conditions atmosphere on a current day at a Definition that are expected at a certain place current time. It changes day to over a number of years. day. Weather includes sunshine, rain, cloud cover, winds, hail, snow, Climate may include precipitation, sleet, freezing rain, flooding, temperature, humidity, sunshine, blizzards, ice storms, Components and wind velocity, phenomena such thunderstorms, steady rains from as fog, frost, and hail storms over a a cold front or warm front, long period of time. excessive heat, heat waves and more. Day to day forecast can be done Climate forecast can only be done depending on the air pressure, Forecast over longer periods of time, such as temperature and other similar 30 years. The average of weather factors. over 30 years helps determine the 4 | P a g e www.edutap.co.in Q u e r y ? [email protected]
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