INTER- NATIONAL NEW TOW N INSTITUTE national new town institute inter 1 June 30, 2016 INTERNATIONAL NEW TOWN DAY 2016 Schedules of the conference, the excursion days and additional events Introduction by Franc Weerwind, Mayor of Almere
The first International New Town Day will take place right here Content in Almere. This conference is an asset, not only for this city, but for New Towns around the globe. This initiative provides zz Introduction by Franc Weerwind, Mayor of Almere 2 a stepping stone for development of New Towns and sets the zz Foreword by Michelle Provoost 3 foundation for a constructive cooperation between these cities zz The New Urban Agenda – the Perspective of New 4 on a large scale. Towns zz The programme day by day 10 New Towns come in various sizes and they are located in zz Cities & Speakers’ profiles 16 various countries, even on different continents. Despite of the zz Statement Makers 40 variations in environment, there is a lot of resemblance in their zz Other speakers 46 characteristics and face relatively similar challenges. This is zz Side event 47 because they all are relatively young, and they are created by zz About INTI 48 mankind in order to fulfill a certain purpose. zz Practical Info 49 zz INTImi 51 The challenges that New Towns are facing require innovative solutions because they are unknown territory. That is why cooperation between New Towns is extremely valuable in finding solutions and innovations for New Town issues. By Foreword by Michelle Provoost sharing our findings and experiences amongst each other, effectivity and efficiency of New Towns are optimized. I am happy to welcome you to this very first International New Town Day, bringing together an astonishing range of New This is something I have personally experienced recently Towns from all over the world. Some are older and in the when I traveled to Shenzhen, to sign an upgraded MoU. midst of transforming and reinventing themselves, others are Shenzhen and Almere are both New Towns and our cities have presently on the drawing boards. cooperated for several years alongside with INTI, exchanging The goal of the International New Town Day is to connect knowledge and expertise. I have seen that challenges that New representatives of new cities worldwide and create awareness Towns are facing can be addressed in a more effective and of their shared challenges. Since planned communities efficient manor when working together. have many things in common, it is only logical that they can learn from each other. Through the exchange of innovative The International New Town Day is a platform for research, knowledge and experiences, we will determine a shared education and knowledge exchange for New Towns. I am agenda for the improvement of existing New Towns and the excited to see New Towns cooperating on such a large scale design of future cities. in this INTI initiative today. This collaboration of public, private and academic partners coming from New Towns worldwide to This conference will also serve as a preparatory session work together in order to come up with innovative solutions, for the INTI side-event of the UN Habitat III conference in that is something I believe to be of great value for all New Quito, Ecuador, in October 2016. In Almere, we will focus Towns. on formulating the New Towns perspective for the New Urban Agenda. In Quito, we aim to take the next step and to With the New Town Urban Agenda, governments will have a create partnerships to implement the ambitions of the Agenda tool to deploy new models of urban development in order to through concrete projects. to achieve equity, welfare and shared prosperity. I wish you a fruitful and inspiring conference and hope this Sincerely, International New Town Day will be the first of many to come. Franc Weerwind Mayor Michelle Provoost City of Almere Director INTI
2 3 THE NEW URBAN AGENDA Postwar Generation This is especially true for the existing New Towns built –THE PERSPECTIVE OF in Western Europe after World War II. Europe was reconstructing itself and the economic boom of that period NEW TOWNS caused a huge migration from the countryside to the urbanized areas. In order to limit the size of the European metropolises, New Towns were constructed for the ‘overflow’ of population. Introduction Usually they were dormitory towns with little economy of The global urbanization, which is presently taking place, is their own. By now, they are perceived as outdated, and many predicted to lead to 70% of the global population living in cities of the modernist planning principles with which they have been by 2050. This makes clear that cities will define the social, constructed have proven to be disadvantageous in the long economic, cultural and ecological quality of human life in the term. They are trying to reposition themselves in relation to 21th Century. It stresses the importance to redefine what our their mother city, the metropolis they are ‘connected’ to. cities should be and the necessity to involve all the parties that are engaged with planning, developing, governing and managing They were based on large scale, top down planning using cities. inflexible blueprints that make it hard to adjust to changing In recognition of the urgency of improving cities, the “New conditions; they were designed with a purely car based Urban Agenda” will be ratified at the Habitat III conference infrastructure and have often abolished the traditional mixed in Quito, Ecuador in 17-21 October 2016. Recently, the Zero use street with safe sidewalks for pedestrians and bicycles Draft of the New Urban Agenda was published by the United lanes. Because of that, the streets lack liveliness and safety Nations. and the city is not easy to move around in without a car; they experience a lack of diversity in program, housing typology The New Urban Agenda is a highly ambitious document, and architecture, which makes them unattractive for all but which aims to be “the first step for operationalizing sustainable one group of customers (usually families); their organization, development in an integrated and coordinated way at global, planning and financing was in the hands of the government only, regional, sub-national and local levels”. It is guided by three which made them vulnerable for changes in finance and policy; main guiding principles: that cities should become socially finally, they were based on the predominant idea of the city as inclusive, achieve a fair and equitable economy and become one collective, without taking the individualism and diversity ecologically sustainable. of its inhabitants into account. So the question is: How can we The contents of the New Urban Agenda point the way forward reinvent and update the post war New Towns? to better, more inclusive, livable and sustainable cities. But how can these ambitions be put in practice? Numerous challenges New New Towns exist, most of them political and/or financial. What should be Next to these older New Towns, there is a new generation the priorities and how can they be implemented? on the drawing boards. The exasperating figures of economic and urban growth in Asia have become familiar to us for the Our aim on the International New Town Day is to highlight the last decades, especially since 2007 when the world population priorities for New Towns within the New Urban Agenda and reached the magic 50% urban dwellers. Now it is also South to start with the implementation of it by creating partnerships America and Africa where economic growth is starting to between cities and private companies. attract global attention and therefore also plans for new smart cities, economic cities or high tech cities are being planned. Huge investments are going into these New Towns and large What New Towns share ambitions are attached to them. While economic factors New Towns are a special category of cities, with their own are prevailing, we think an infusion of New Town planning characteristics and specificities. They share the same DNA: with other factors like integral planning, social sustainability, they are built according to a master plan, from scratch on a resilience, inclusion, local culture and residents’ participation location where previously there was no city, and they have a are very necessary. high degree of political autonomy. Usually the New Towns in Africa and South America are New Towns have existed ever since humanity started examples of privatized urban planning and become enclaves organizing itself in settlements. Planned communities have next to sprawling metropolises. Their formal urban design always been the ultimate challenge for politicians and designers: distinguishes them from the largely informal character of the what is the ideal city? What is the city of tomorrow? Planned existing cities. cities are a perfect reflection of the ideas and ambitions of their time, as cities like Canberra, Stevenage or Dodoma Given INTI’s global experience with New Town planning, we demonstrate. But after some decades, these showcase cities see possible problems of segregation and social exclusion, become outdated and need to be adjusted to changed social, which are exacerbated by the building of New Towns; we see economic and demographic conditions. What once was a proliferation of outdated modernist planning with growing designed as the ‘city of tomorrow’ needs to be updated and informal developments as a reaction, lacking recent insights re-conceptualized. on integral or sustainable planning; we also notice a lack of attention to residents’ participation, nature and ecology. Now
4 5 that we are experiencing a wave of new New Towns again, we What should be the priorities for New Towns within the have to ask: What are the alternative strategies to create more New Urban Agenda and how can they be implemented? livable and inclusive cities? What will be the city of tomorrow? As a start, we propose the following 10 priorities and themes How can we conceptualize, design, finance, build and govern it that are especially relevant to New Towns in no particular today? order:
Learning from 20th Century urbanization there is a strong hh Innovation consensus amongst urban professionals that we need to strive The culture of New Towns is forward looking, with an for cities that are: resilient and flexible, that can grow in an emphasis on innovation and experiment. This ambition is organic way, are inclusive and offer a habitat for all income optimistic and should be fostered. For new New Towns groups within society; cities should be socially cohesive and this means looking for inventions, with an ambition to diverse; they should cater for pedestrians and bicycles; they improve on existing cities. For existing New Towns this should be sustainable, energy efficient, greener, healthier and means a focus on reinvention. Not only innovations in smarter; they should be organized not just by one party, but by technology but also social, cultural, political and financial many, including residents. All these ambitions and principles are innovation. formulated in the zero draft of the New Urban Agenda. New Towns are excellent laboratories for implementation of the New Urban Agenda. hh Regeneration Older New Towns share a lack of diversity in housing, services, in cultural and commercial facilities, and a lack Looking at the New Urban Agenda through the lens of of jobs. Usually they suffer from a negative image, losing New Towns. their attractiveness in competition with historic cities. The New Urban Agenda is very broad and extensive; it covers The regeneration of these cities needs to take into a wide range of relevant topics and ambitions. But where account the local culture that has developed and build on should cities start with the implementation? While all cities are the characteristics and qualities that exist. different and are shaped by their own specific conditions and culture, we assume that New Towns, because of their shared DNA, face many similar challenges and opportunities. New hh Bigger spatial context Towns usually share the characteristic that they started from an No city can function as an island. The reinvention of the optimistic ambition to shape the city in the best way, employing existing New Towns requires re-evaluating the position innovations and pioneering inventions, according to the ideas of the city in the region and nation, and the changing and ideals of that moment. relation to the mother city. Future New Towns should be The pioneering economic model of Shenzhen (China) and its based on a national spatial policy and not be planned as subsequent development into a place of technological and an isolated project. also social innovation is but one example. The ambitious way in which Ningo Pram Pram (Ghana) is presently designed by a young group of urban planners, incorporating the newest hh Inclusiveness ideas on flexibility in urban design, using new insights in energy Cities should be inclusive and built for a cross section of supply, mortgage constructions and economic development society, including affordable housing and public transport. is another example. But also in historic perspective, New Because contemporary New Towns are often undertaken Towns were built with this progressive and modern ambitions: as commercial projects they are often not able to provide Ningo Pram Pram is in no way different from the innovative for the lowest incomes. There is a need for new financial way that the city of Tema (Ghana) was designed 50 years ago, models to achieve inclusiveness. Especially in Africa there introducing modern services and amenities, but also creating is a need to incorporate or facilitate self-built settlements, new social collective values by transforming the housing and since they will make up the largest part of urbanization. neighborhood typologies. Another example is the future city of Vinge (Denmark) which showcases a focus on participation, and the importance of high quality public space. This is a very hh Infrastructure & mobility similar ambition to that of the city of Almere (the Netherlands), The urban plan should not only cater for cars, but also built in the 70’s. Our conclusion is: there is a lot that New Towns for slow traffic, carts, bicycles and pedestrians. The can learn from each other’s experiences. provision of public transport to the existing cities from the immediate start of development has proven to be a This is especially true since New Towns are usually second or main factor in the success or failure of New Towns. third tier cities, of a smaller size and with a different position in the urban networks than the metropolises that attract the most attention. Predictions are that 45-50% of the population hh Flexibility growth will happen in smaller cities, up to 500.000 inhabitants. The urban plan should be flexible and adjustable, resilient New Towns worldwide might have more in common with each and able to cope with new insights and developments other than with the main metropolises in their region. over time. A lack of reserved space, possibilities for
6 7 transformation and adjustment will threat any New Town and especially in effective social campaigns and strategies to with becoming outdated soon. make recycling successful. Almere aims to become a zero waste city. Can Almere tap into the successful innovations that Curitiba already developed? Guangming and Tatu City are both hh Green and water eager to improve the ecological quality of its green spaces and In the light of climate change and ecological threats, the its water network. Dutch New Towns and engineering firms importance of a network of green open spaces and water have a lot of experience in dealing with water management. becomes even more apparent. This network should Can Guangming and Tatu City profit from this knowledge? Ningo underpin every urban plan, combining ecology, flood Pram Pram proposes new flexible urban planning principles. prevention, water retention with public space and leisure. Are they useful for other cities developing in the Global South?
This International New Town Day is the start of an exchange hh Government & Citizens platform and I hope it will be fruitful and leading to realistic and New Towns share a largely top down approach, with a concrete future projects. fixed relation between the government or private party developing the city and the residents. To become more resilient and fair, and to unleash the vital dynamics that Michelle Provoost, director of INTI can develop the city, they should provide for a more inclusive and participative approach. hh No universal model There is no one-size-fits-all model for New Towns. Models from one part of the world don’t guarantee success when exported to another part. Local capacity building is necessary and should be stimulated, so any country can develop its own urban models, based on local culture, climate, politics, social needs and financial possibilities. hh Exchange New Towns share a lot of challenges and opportunities. Research into common urgencies should be stimulated and the lessons learned should be disseminated and exchanged. A best practice network of New Towns should serve this goal.
Doing New Towns better The International New Town Day is meant for refining the New Urban Agenda from the perspective of New Towns. To that end we have presentations of representatives of 12 cities, who will share their challenges and opportunities and present their innovative approaches. Representatives of other cities, engineering firms and architecture offices have been asked to give statements with important additions to the New Urban Agenda, highlighting what they feel should be priorities.
At the end of this day we will compile the agenda and offer it to representatives of UN Habitat to bridge the step to the Habitat III conference in Quito in October. But of course this is only the first step. In Quito INTI organizes an event to start the actual implementation of the improvements proposed by the New Urban Agenda. We propose to create partnerships to exchange knowledge and experience between New Towns. What are the innovations that New Towns are developing already and how can they share that with other cities? Curitiba is a forerunner when it comes to waste management and recycling,
8 9 The programme day by day 15:00 – 16:00: Schieblock The ‘Schieblock’ has grown into an iconic part of central Rotterdam. What once was an empty office building has been DAY 1 transformed into a hub of creative activity, housing multiple architecture and design offices, concept store GROOS and JUNE 28, ROTTERDAM ZUS, one of the two prime initiators of the overall project. URBAN REGENERATION ZUS will give a lecture on the emergence and functioning of the Schieblock.
8:30 Meeting point: A Short Walk over the ‘Luchtsingel’ to the Hofbogen Bus station Rotterdam Central Station 16:00 – 17:00: Hofbogen 9:00 – 10:30: Hoogvliet From Schieblock it’s only a short walk to the Hofbogen, a Hoogvliet is known as the first Dutch New Town and was former train viaduct which since 2011 is known as a cultural built in the 1960s to house the workers of Shell and the port hotspot– a hub of concept stores, several modern coffee of Rotterdam. Once built as an idyllic sleeping New Town, bars, restaurant De Jong and Jazz Café Bird. However, this Hoogvliet had transformed into a ghetto towards the closing nineteenth-century train viaduct has known different times: in of the twentieth century. Only since 2010, the city has been the 1990s this building and the neighborhood around it, were modernized through substantial investments in education, in decay. Simone Rots, former director of Ltd. Hofbogen, will housing and facilities. Examples of architectural projects are give a talk on the regeneration of this piece of urban fabric. the School Campus (architect: Wiel Arets), the School Parasite and the Musicians’ cohousing complex, built by 24hr Architects 17:00: Drinks in Jazz Café Bird with housing corporation Vestia. INTI director, Michelle Provoost will guide us past these projects.
Transport by bus to Spijkenisse
11:00 – 12:30: Spijkenisse Spijkenisse is a New Town from the ‘70s close to Hoogvliet. Though for a long time, this city was known for its outdated city center, it has rapidly developed its cultural facilities over the past decennia. Mirjam Salet, Mayor of Spijkenisse, will guide Hoogvliet us through the completely renewed city center and the public library, which was designed by MVRDV Architects. Spijkenisse
Transport by bus to the Fenix Loods
2km 13:00 – 13:30: Lunch at the Fenix Loods Lunch at the Fenix Loods, in the Katendrecht neighborhood of Rotterdam, of which a part has been transformed into a popular food market. This is also the location of the Hofbogen International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam (IABR). Schieblock
Bus station 13:30 – 14:30: Tour of the IABR Rotterdam The IABR-2016 opened in April and provides a rich program Central of events focusing on the relationships between spatial design and tomorrow’s economic changes. It offers a platform for discussion on the city that we want, advocating for a city that runs on clean energy, inclusive and productive – a city that centers on the public domain and on a solid social agenda. Michiel van Iersel, curator Team IABR2016, will introduce the theme of the biennale: The Next Economy.
Bus transport to the Schieblock
Fenix Loods
200m
10 11 The programme day by day 17:00 Drinks at the Brasserie La Maison (Belfort 8, Almere)
DAY 2 18:00 Dinner Talks (at the same location) Talks with Leen Verbeek, the Commissioner of the Dutch JUNE 29, AMSTERDAM King, and Jannewietske de Vries, director of the Floriade 2022. SMART SOCIETY They will elaborate on, respectively, the metropolitan region of Amsterdam and the preparations and goals of the Floriade 2022. Dinner will follow. 8:30 Meeting Point: Busstation Ruyterkade 153, nearby Central Station Amsterdam
9:00 – 10:00: AEB AEB Amsterdam is a waste-to-energy company, owned by the City of Amsterdam. It is their mission to be the world leader in sustainable conversion of waste into energy and valuable, AEB re-usable raw materials. Evert Lichtenbelt, responsible for the International Amsterdam Central Station cooperations, will give a presentation and show the group Amsterdam De School around. West
Bus transport to Amsterdam West IJburg West
10:15 – 11:45: Urban regeneration in Amsterdam West Amsterdam West is the largest urban expansion of Amsterdam in the 20th century, designed by CIAM planner Cornelis 1km van Eesteren. Since the 1980s and 1990s, Amsterdam West saw its immigrant population rise substantively, but as we speak, this part of the city is cautiously undertaking a cultural turnaround. Maurits de Hoog, Director of the Department of Spatial Planning in Amsterdam, will give a lecture on the transformation and regeneration process taking place in this area.
12:00 – 13:30: Lunch at De School Almere City Center ‘De School’ is Amsterdam’s latest cultural hotspot, located in Homeruskwartier an old school building in the West of Amsterdam, just within Almere the Ring. During lunch, we will attend a presentation of the Haven many different projects of Amsterdam Smart City.
14:00 – 15:00 IJburg ‘IJburg’ is the name of a number of islands facilitating the growth of 18.000 houses in high densities. The concept of the 2km islands enhances the feeling of living in, on and surrounded by water, which was necessary in order to control water flows, flood risk and nature compensation. The islands provide different housing concepts, mixed-use spaces and high quality urban public spaces. Architect and urbanist Alexander Mooi Almere will provide a tour. Central Station
15:00 – 17:00 Almere A bus tour in Almere Haven, the first realized neighborhood Nieuwe Bibliotheek Brasserie La Maison / Conference Location of Almere in the 70’s and the Homerus Quarter, a partially / dinner location self-built neighborhood. The tour will end at the Almere city center, designed by OMA in 1997. Its multi-level design and winding streets, offering efficient organization as well as human scaled shopping streets, have provoked many discussions internationally. Tour by The Building Guide.
100m
12 13 The programme day by day 13:45 - 15:00 African New Towns hh Ningo Pram Pram with Markus Appenzeller, Ghana DAY 3 hh Tema with Joe Abbey, Managing Director Tema Development Corporation, Ghana JUNE 30, ALMERE hh Tatu City with Preston Mendenhall, Head CONFERENCE of Corporate Affairs, Rendeavour, Kenya hh Kribi with Bart Brorens, Royal Haskoning DHV, Cameroon 09:00 - 09:30 Welcome breakfast 15:00 - 15:30 Tea-break and presentation of INTI’s latest 09:30 - 09:40 Opening by moderator Christine de Baan, board publication Shenzhen - From Factory of the World to member of INTI World City by Linda Vlassenrood, program director Welcome by Tjeerd Herrema, elderman of Spatial China Affairs, Housing and Neighbourhoods, Almere
09:40 - 10:00 Introduction: Ambitions for New Cities of the 15:30 - 17:00 Co-creating the New Urban Agenda Near Future by Michelle Provoost, director of for New Towns INTI Anticipating the Habitat III conference in Quito, this plenary working session wants to contribute 10:00 - 11:15 Voices from the world: New Towns with the elaboration of the New Towns Challenges and Opportunities perspective on the New Urban Agenda. Planned hh Curitiba – Luisiana Paganelli, communities worldwide share many characteristics Instituto de Pesquisa e Planejamento with each other and face many of the same Urbano de Curitiba, Brazil challenges and opportunities. What should the New hh Nakuru – Lawrence Esho, Department Towns perspective on the New Urban Agenda consist of Spatial Planning & Design, of? Technical University of Kenya hh Guangming – Xu Songming, Deputy INTI has suggested 10 priorities to be discussed: Director, Deputy Director Administrative hh Innovation Committee of Guangming New Town, China hh Regeneration hh Alamar – Jorge Peña Diaz, Professor hh Bigger spatial context of Urban Design, Architecture and hh Inclusiveness Urban Design department, Faculty of hh Infrastructure & mobility Architecture, CUJAE, Alamar, Cuba hh Flexibility hh Green and water 11:15 - 11:30 Coffee-break hh Government & Citizens hh No universal model 11:30 - 13:00 New Towns in Europe hh Exchange hh Spijkenisse – ‘Re-positioning the old New Towns by redefining their role in the Statements on the New Towns perspective on region’, a statement from Mirjam Salet, the New Urban Agenda will be given by: Elena Mayor of Spijkenisse, The Netherlands Bologna, Social Innovation Architect, SocialFare, hh Vinge – ‘Social mix and green Italy | Friedemann Römhild, Royal HaskoningDHV, ambitions’ with Søren Smidt-Jensen, Head The Netherlands | Ute Schneider, Director Zurich of Urban Development & Landscape, Office KCAP, Switzerland | Maren Striker, Arcadis, Frederikssund Municipality, Denmark United Kingdom | Neville Mars, MARS Architects, hh Aspern Seestadt – ‘The city of the China future’ with Philipp Fleischmann, Vienna Municipality, Austria 17:00 - 17:15 Concluding remarks hh Milton Keynes – ‘Cultural heritage Franc Weerwind, Mayor of Almere and regeneration’ with Shane Downer, Representative of UN-Habitat Senior heritage development Officer, Announcement of the International New Town Milton Keynes, United Kingdom Day 2017
13:00- 13:45 Lunch 17:15 Drinks & Bites
14 15 City Profiles
ALMERE, THE NETHERLANDS
Almere is considered the most successful New Town in the Netherlands. Though the city is only a few decades old, it has almost 200,000 inhabitants and is still developing as part of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area. Since 2012, that development is focused on sustainability, health and green space. Almere has been selected as host of the Floriade, the World Horticulture Exhibition, in 2022. In preparation of this game-changing event, themed ‘Growing Green Cities’, the city has initiated a city-wide program to become greener, healthier, and more sustainable. In order to reinforce the lasting effects of the Floriade, the city is also building a new neighborhood which goes by the same name. In the Floriade neighborhood, green space, water, and urban farming are the main assets.
Challenges: zz Almere deals with a steady negative image. Many lower- Alamar Almere class inhabitants have moved here to escape the high property prices in Amsterdam, leading to decay of the social fabric of the city. zz The maintenance of all the new and already existing green space requires financial means which are not yet fully secured.
Opportunities: zz The Floriade and accompanying program of ‘Growing Green Cities’ provide excellent possibilities to improve the social structure of the city, its level of sustainability and the health of its population zz The city is very well connected to Amsterdam (20 minutes by train) and the rest of the metropolitan area in the center of the Netherlands
Representative: 2 km
Tjeerd Herrema, politician from the PvdA (the ’Labour Party’), is the Elderman of Spatial Affairs, Housing & Neighborhoods in Almere. After a long and fruitful carreer in policy making at various Dutch Provinces and institutions, he became Elderman in Amsterdam for three years in 2006. Now, since October 2015, he takes on the position of Elderman, watching over matters of housing policy, spatial planning and development, urban planning and expansion, accessability in the region, the Floriade and Growing Green cities.
16 17 City Profiles
CURITIBA, BRAZIL
Curitiba is the capital and largest city of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Officially founded in 1693 as a colonial settlement, it has grown into a city of 1,800,000 people. During the 1960s and 1970s, when its population increased rapidly, Curitiba adopted a master plan that proposed a radial structure for growth and functional centers around the city. In that shape, Curitiba has developed into a city known worldwide for its innovative solutions on urban planning, sustainability and mobility. Curitiba combined land use, road network and public transportation with linear growth guidelines and created a citywide and well- functioning BRT system. The city also developed a network of urban green areas and public spaces which combine smoothly with preservation of cultural heritage, as well as clean environment and waste management initiatives. 2014/2015 – Master Plan revision – Future vision As we speak, however, Curitiba is reaching the limits of sustainable growth: the city is expanding faster than the infrastructure can maintain, making (sustainable) mobility a substantial issue. The city aims to keep innovating in this scenario, searching for better and creative solutions, in an attempt to boost the flourish of a new city in the frame of the considerable metropolis it has become.
Challenges: zz In spite of its impressive BRT, Curitiba is still a largely car- oriented city, where the number of cars nearly equals the number of inhabitants. zz As many large cities in Brazil, Curitiba faces socio-economic issues that impact on the quality of life of its citizens.
Opportunities: zz The basics for a cohesive and well-functioning transportation system is already present. zz The systems of healthy food promotion and waste recycling are outstandingly well organized and intertwined with each other. zz The existent institutional framework facilitates urban planning process and evolution.
Representative:
Luisiana Paganelli Silva is an Architect and Urbanist from Curitiba, Brazil, currently working as the External Affairs Advisor in the Institute for Research and Urban Planning of Curitiba - IPPUC, where she has been working since 2007. Luisiana has a Master in Urban Planning from the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná - PUC-PR, in which she started her current research about car sharing and its integration with urban policies. She is a specialist in Urbanism from the Stiftung Bauhaus Dessau, in Germany, and also a specialist in Business Administration from the Getúlio Vargas Foundation / ISAE-FGV, in Curitiba.
18 19 City Profiles
NAKURU, KENYA
Nakuru, 140 km from the Kenyan capital Nairobi, was founded in 1952. The city consists of a large number of farms, organized like an African version of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Broadacre City and is an excellent example of how rural and urban features can merge into the urban fabric. The metropolitan region of Nairobi offers interesting research questions regarding the theme ‘Feeding’, because agriculture, the backbone of the Kenyan economy, is all around. Gardening is practiced along riverbanks, roads and railway lines and under power lines. People garden on private plots and public land and sell their products on the local markets. Yet, despite horticulture’s contribution to the urban food supply and livelihoods, agriculture has largely been excluded as a legitimate form of land use in Kenya’s cities and towns – as part of the colonial heritage.
Challenges: zz As is often the case in third-world countries, both Nairobi and Nakuru lack sustainability, quality of life and food security.
Opportunities: zz Though informal, the current practices provide a great example for other (Western European) New Towns aiming to include food production in their urban planning.
Representative:
Lawrence Esho has a long and illustrious career as a built environment professional, which he started as a Physical Planner for the government of Kenya. He is a Registered Physical Planner; active member of Kenya Institute of Planners; and partner of the Centre for Urban and Regional Planning, undoubtedly Kenya’s leading planning consultancy. Currently, Lawrence Esho combines his professional pursuits with academic activities concerning the link between informality, urban space and urban planning. Next to this, he is the project planner of both Konza Technology City and the new Lamu Port, and is current senior lecturer and chair of the Department of Spatial Planning and Urban Design at the Technical University of Kenya. Furthermore, he is vice president for the Network of Architectural Schools in Africa.
20 21 City Profiles
GUANGMING NEW TOWN, CHINA
Lying adjacent to Hong Kong in the Pearl River Delta, Shenzhen used to be an area filled with small fishing villages. It became a New Town when in 1980 the central Chinese government gave it the status of Special Economic Zone and planned a city on the location. In only thirty years, the number of inhabitants has grown from 30,000 to an unofficial count of almost fifteen million, of which 82% are immigrants. This rapid expansion has led to a thriving economy, but also to many problems such as a massive floating population and deterioration of the environment, the ecological system and land- and water resources. Therefore, though only 30 years young, Shenzhen is already rethinking its economic and urban future and thereby its identity – shifting from an industrial city with a manufacturing industry to a creative city which thrives on the service- and Guangming knowledge-industry. On top of this all, the city aims to become New Town the first Chinese low-carbon eco-demonstration city. In 2007, the urban area of Guangming, once the location of a state-owned farm, was appointed to become a sub-center of Shenzhen. Since the connection with Shenzhen was improved, Guangming is regarded as a strategic location for developing Da Lang green industries, contributing to the industrial upgrading of Neighborhood Shenzhen.
Challenges: Luohu zz It still is questionable how the industrial urban structure of District Shenzhen can accommodate the creative environment the city longs for. zz Lack of policies, housing and facilities for the people which are expected to keep the new creative economy going. Baishizhou zz The natural surroundings can barely maintain the ease and speed of urban expansion Shenzhen
Opportunities: zz Extremely high ambitions, which function as a catalyst for future development zz In cooperation with INTI, Guangming has initiated to research social, economic and environmental factors which require improvement to strengthen the city’s potential.
Representative:
Songming Xu, PhD, Deputy Director of the Administrative committee of Guangming New District, Shenzhen. Dr. Xu has been engaged in urban planning, new town development and management for over 20 years. Under his leadership, Shenzhen International Low Carbon City and Guangming Phoenix City have been international pioneers regarding green cities, smart cities, and sponge city experimental zones. Next to his activities in Guangming, he also is a frequent speaker on various international fora.
22 23 City Profiles
ALAMAR, CUBA
Alamar is a satellite city of Havana, Cuba, built during the 1970s. This prefab city started out as the embodiment of the communist spirit but has fallen into decay over the past few decades, largely due to its isolation from Havana, the capital of Cuba, several miles away. Also the monotonous urban space and architecture, lack of adequate public space and illogical order of apartment blocks had a negative effect on the dwellers’ sense of identity and belonging. However, with original master plans for the central zone left unexecuted, Alamar has unintentionally grown into a unique case of urban planning, intertwined with urban agriculture. Out of necessity during the 1980s and 1990s – the period in which the collapse of the Soviet Union and the American embargo excluded the Cubans from international trade - people have developed the large plots in the centre into large scale urban gardens (orgaponico’s) which now play an essential role in local food production. Alamar Challenges: zz Alamar is still very much isolated from the city centre of Havana zz Many of the apartment blocks and their services in Alamar have fallen into decay zz The overall neighborhood has a rather monotonous urban design
Opportunities: zz Unique and successful example of urban agriculture, intertwined with urban planning zz Social cohesion brought forth by the urban gardens zz Well-distributed health care facilities (as in all urban regions of Cuba)
Representative:
Jorge Peña Díaz is the Head of the Research Group for Urban Research and Action at the Faculty of Architecture, CUJAE and Professor and teacher on Urban Design at the Architectural and Urban Design Department. Next to this, he is also a member of the Expert technical committee for research on urbanism and housing policy of the Ministry of Construction and the Experts advisory group for Havana´s city planning. Over the past few years, Jorge Pena Díaz has been part of numerous international scientific publications and cooperations. His research interests and fields of expertise lie with urban development analysis and planning, the integration of Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture into planning and urban design strategies and urban sustainability
24 25 City Profiles
VINGE, DENMARK
Vinge is a city under construction. Within 10 to 15 years, about 20,000 citizens will live and work in what is currently a lush greenfield. Vinge will become a city in which biodiversity, livability and sustainability come together. Residents are given unprecedented freedom to experiment with heat and energy production and sustainability platforms. The first parts of the city are designed and built by the municipality of Frederikssund in order to set a high quality standard for the phases that follow, when private commercial parties take over. Nonetheless, the actual residents are never far behind: Vinge aims to recognize and fulfill the desire of people to be part of the creation of their surroundings.
Challenges: zz Though the government will first facilitate the construction of social housing complexes in VInge, it is not guaranteed that the commercial parties that follow will provide for lower segments of society in the same way
Opportunities: zz Vinge will cater for a large, upper class segment of (Danish) population, which has an interest in sustainability, natural surroundings and new family structures (house shares, single-parent families etc). zz Residents are free in designing their own house but social space is taken care of to the detail, which provides residents with both structure and individuality
Representative:
Søren Smidt-Jensen is currently the Head of Urban Development & Landscape, at the Frederikssund Municipality in Denmark. Søren has been Head of the CITIES programme at the Danish Architecture Centre and he has been responsible for the Strategic Urban Governance Leadership Programme, a triple-continent programme for executives from Danish municipalities and Realdania By. He also led the DK2050 scenario project which involved 10 cities, 3 regions and 4 ministries. He is an advisor to the International Federation for Housing & Planning (IFHP) and to the Nordic City Network (NCN). In 2014 Søren was selected as a World Cities Summit Young Leader by the Ministry of National Development in Singapore. Søren holds a PhD in strategic urban development from the University of Copenhagen.
26 27 City Profiles
ASPERN SEESTADT, AUSTRIA
Situated in the 22nd municipal district of Vienna, Aspern Seestadt is currently Austria’s largest construction site. The construction is orchestrated by the development agency Wien 3420 Aspern Development AG and a project management team of the City of Vienna. The new city is meant to facilitate a high-quality living environment for 20,000 people and about the same number of workplaces. The development of high- quality public space and mixed uses throughout the city are high on the agenda. The developers aim to bridge the present and the future by combining work, home life, individuality, green space infrastructure, and public space from the ground up for the sake of the highest life quality possible. To accomplish this, a cohesive planning structure and technology are extremely high on the agenda.
B1 )"P
Challenges: IV1o A6 B2 IV1i
A5 )" zz Building a city for 20,000 inhabitants is one thing, getting ¯P P
¯ Ag2 A3B P A4 A3A B5
A2 A12 A19 A11 B3 )"P people to live there is another. Who will live in Aspern A18 A10 A17 A9 Ag3 A16 A1 A8 Ag1 B4
A15 ¯P B7A Seestadt? The city must find ways to avoid creating a E1 A7 B6 A14 G3 G4 ¯P G2 G5 )"P E3 Bg1 G1 E2 A13 ¯P ¯P ¯P ¯P Gg2 ¯P G13 homogeneous population. F1 E5 Bg2 F2 G9 E4 G6 G7 B8 Gg1 ¯P G12 B7B F4 G8 Gg3 E7 F3 H3 )"P )"P ¯P G10 G11 IV4Ao E6 ¯P F5 IV4Ai H2A Fg1 F8
Opportunities: F7 H1 III2 E8 H4 Bg3 E9 Hg1 F6 )"P H2B F11 III11w ¯P F10 " zz As the city is still under construction, the designers of Eg1 )P F9 H5 H6 III1w Hg2 B9 E10 E11 ¯P ¯ ¯P III10 P F13 ¯P I2o Aspern Seestadt have been able to learn from the past H7 B10 F12 E12 Bg4 E13 III9w III6w Eg2 J1 III3 III4 E14 II1a III8 experiences of other New Towns worldwide. J7 III5 III6 ¯P E15 III7 E16 J8 J2 J3A J4A J3B J5A J5B ¯P )"P J6 Cg3 II2a Jg13 D1 Jg5 )"P )" C1 )"P Jg9 P J9 D2 J3D Jg1 )"P E17 J3C ¯P Jg2 E18 II2b D3 ¯P J4B J10Jg10 Jg3 )"P Jg4 J14B J14C J15 D4 J12 J13 D5B Jg11 J14A ¯P ¯P Jg12 Cg2 IV4Bi Representative: D6 D5A J11 C4 ¯P Jg6 Jg8 IV4Bo Dg6 II2c D9 )"P D8 Jg7 D7 ¯P D10 C2 D15 D14 )"P )"P Dg7 As a trained architect with specialization in E19 D22 D11 D12 D13B D13C D20B C3A C3B )"P D13A D13D Dg1 ¯P D18B )"P D13E D20A )"P urbanism (TU Vienna and Universitá degli Studi Cg1i D23 D16 D17 D18A )"P )"P D21A D21B II3 Dg2a Dg2b D18C )"P )"P di Genova), Philipp Fleischmann worked for I3o I3iEg3 Dg3 Dg4 several years in an architectural office, mainly Dg5i Dg5o Cg1o concentrating on projects in the fields of housing and open space design. Subsequently, he joined
W1 residential use only R&D research and development technical infrastructure the Department for Urban District Planning and )" W2 residential use, mixed use on ground floor S Social infrastructure P parking facilities for own needs W3 predominantly residential use, mixed use on all floors C cultural facilities ¯P communal neighbourhood garage P commercial and industrial use public square Dg1 open space category
Land Use of the City of Vienna. After dealing water area A1 M1 all uses except industrial and residential use building plot designation M2 all uses except industrial use buffer zone surrounding buildings M3 all uses except residential use green space with other areas, he started to work intensively Scale A3 1:6000 Status as of 30.04.2015
0 100 200 400 USES AND OPEN SPACES meter ´ © Wien 3420 Aspern Development AG on the “Seestadt Aspern” development project in Viennas’ 22nd district in 2010. Today he is head of the section North 2 (22nd District) of the department as well as Target Area Coordinator for the “U2 Donaustadt” urban enlargement area.
28 29 City Profiles
MILTON KEYNES, UK
Milton Keynes was designated a New Town in 1967 as part of the ‘Third Wave’ of British New Towns, built to partially relieve London’s congestion, and is the largest and arguably the most successful model in the UK today. With a population nearing 275,000 and on the eve of its 50th birthday, Milton Keynes has an ambitious plan to be recognised as an international city, known for its distinctive heritage and culture. The city was built on historical grounds: many archeological objects have been found in the construction process of the New Town, but though the historical value of the area still gets a lot of attention, Milton Keynes is no longer hesitant to also stress the cultural heritage of its own. In order to completely re-enforce the sense of identity in the city and to place itself on the map of cultural cities worldwide, Milton-Keynes is running for the title of Cultural Capital of Europe in 2023.
Challenges: zz Transforming Milton Keynes – a city of only 50 years old – into a hub of arts, heritage and culture zz Guaranteeing the (financial) means to make this happen and maintain it. zz To develop Milton Keynes as an International City known for its distinctive arts, heritage and culture and to provide the infrastructure and funding to do this, whilst enabling ‘home grown’ cultural organizations to develop and deliver that step-change from within.
Opportunities: zz International recognition of its urban form zz A strong and diverse economy zz A continued influx of people from many backgrounds, cultures and skills wanting to live and work in Milton Keynes.
Representative:
Shane Downer has been Milton-Keynes’ Heritage Development Officer since 2003, managing the heritage program in Milton Keynes. He devises and co-ordinates strategy and activities set out in the city’s Cultural Delivery Plan. Through this Plan he works with colleagues and local, regional and national public, private and third sector partners to implement major heritage provision change for a current population of 260,000 and heritage visitation of over 200,000 people a year to the major heritage venues. As Milton Keynes is set to almost double in population over the next thirty years, he coordinates the major building projects around new archive and museum provision and a city centre cultural showcase, which are to be realized in 2017, when Milton Keynes fully celebrates its 50th birthday as a New Town.
30 31 City Profiles
NINGO PRAMPRAM, GHANA
The district of Ningo Prampram is part of the greater Accra agglomeration and it accommodates the incredible growth of Accra, which is already on its way. In 30 years, Accra grew from a city with a radius of 10 km into a continuous, urban agglomeration that stretches over 60 km along the coastline. In 2020, it is expected to have a population of 4.2 million. Due to the city’s rapid growth, the speed of speculation has consistently outpaced the speed of planning, resulting in regular severe flooding, daily traffic collapse and the absence of basic utilities and basic services in many parts of the agglomeration. The district of Ningo Prampram will become a planned extension of the city of Accra, but it does not aim to become a city built according to a top-down organized blueprint.
MIXST URBANISM
Rather, the designers of Ningo Prampram aim to provide the Roads Light Industry
Administration
Church/Mosque
Community Center foundations for a naturally evolving city. Both local and national Civil Defense Healthcare government parties and the private sector have shown much interest in the plan. They support its aim of installing a steering committee concerned with the decision-making process and a development body which is ought to guide the implementation of the masterplan. As we speak, a Ghanaian-Dutch team of planners, urban and landscape designers and water and infrastructure experts are designing the 1002 km2 new city.
Challenges: zz In acknowledgement of the fact that building a complete city for 1 to 1.5 million people is impossible, the designers The Coastline of Ningo Prampram aim to concentrate on putting basic systems into place that allow a city to grow over time.
Opportunities: zz How to establish a system that mitigates the biggest risk – the regular flooding? zz How to craft a system that provides basic services that can mature over time and that is relatively easy to understand and manage? zz How to avoid the often finite ideas of blueprint planning and instead make room for growth and gradual maturing (both in terms of culture and bureaucracy) as integral part of urban development?
Representative:
Markus Appenzeller is an urban planner and architect educated in Germany and in the US. With his practice MLA+ with offices in London, Rotterdam, Rio de Janeiro, St. Petersburg and Shanghai, he is involved in large scale planning projects. His particular interest lies in the design of development frameworks that offers certainty where necessary and adaptability where desired. Markus is a team member of one of the consultant teams of UN Habitat Labs. In this role he works on the planned city extension for the Greater Accra Region of Ghana located in Ningo Prampram.
32 33 City Profiles
TEMA, GHANA
In order to accommodate the workforce that migrated to the port of Tema in the 1950s, the Government of Ghana decided to hire Doxiadis Associates to design the master plan for the New Town Tema. Tema was to become a city of 250,000 people living in 25 planned residential communities, based on the principles of neighborhood development, hierarchy and separation of uses. The city was finished in 1985. The construction was guided by the Tema Development Corporation (TDC) until the Tema Metropolitan Assembly (TMA) took over in 1974. Over time, TDC’s original housing policy, focused on the provision of rental units for different income levels, was transformed into a model built on home ownership and site and services planning schemes to improve land for various types of use. As we speak, Tema is characterized by the physical obsolescence and deteriorated infrastructure, especially of the first realized communities. At the last census in 2010, the population of Tema had almost tripled from the 1985 projections. The increased population, in combination with the run-down character of the town demands a program of redevelopment and regeneration.
Challenges: zz The population of Tema has by far overgrown the city’s capacities zz Infrastructure networks are deteriorating and will require large financial means to be replaced and repaired. Tema
Opportunities: zz The Doxiadis plan contains plenty of open space, which now allows for increasing the density of use and improvement of public spaces. zz The City aims to develop a central authority which will be responsible for all functions within the consciously planned 2 km communities.
Representative:
Joseph A. Abbey, Managing Director of Tema Development Corporation (TDC), has over 27 years experience in the real estate industry. He previously served as Operations Manager of Kmark Corporation, Illinois, USA, having served as a Research Analyst with Wheeler Realtors Incorporated, Wisconsin, USA. He holds a Masters Degree in Project Management from Keller Graduate School of Management, Chicago, USA, a Masters Degree in Business Administration from the University of Wisconsin, USA, and a Bachelor of Science Degree in Land Economy from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi. He also took a Comonwealth Executive Programme in Public Management at the Schulich School of Business, York University, Canada. He is an Associate Member of the Ghana Institute of Surveyors and a Member of the Chartered Management Institute, UK.
34 35 City Profiles
TATU CITY, KENYA
Tatu City is a 2,500-acre (1,000 hectare), mixed-use and mixed-income development with residential, commercial, industrial, tourism, social and recreation amenities for more than 100,000 residents and 30,000 visitors daily. The city represents one of the many planned urban communities in Africa presently on the drawing boards, geared towards attracting the rising middle class and new international business. Exactly because of that, Tatu City will be represented on the International New Town Day. A vision is never fully complete unless it anticipates to future developments and the wider context. Therefore, Preston Mendeshall notes, “the development is always eager to adopt best practices and experience on an international level.”
Challenges: zz Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, is unable to absorb the pressures of rapid urbanization with timely infrastructure upgrades. zz The country suffers from a housing deficit of more than two million units, and this number grows by 200,000 units every year. zz Nairobi has a critical need for visionary planning that eases the burden of urbanization on the city center.
Opportunities: zz The developers of Tatu City aim to shift urban development in Kenya from the familiar single node model to a decentralized urban environment. zz If successful, Tatu will significantly de-congest the City of Nairobi by offering a unique live, work and play environment.
Representative:
Preston Mendenhall is the Head of Corporate Affairs for Rendeavour, Africa’s largest urban developer building satellite cities on over 30,000 acres of urban growth land in Kenya, Ghana, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia. Prior to Rendeavour, Preston worked for six years as Vice President for Strategy and Director of Communications at Russian Standard Corporation, owner of the second largest vodka producer in the world and one of Russia’s leading private consumer banks. From 1993-2006, Preston worked for NBC News and MSNBC.com as a producer and correspondent, covering major news events during this period in Russia and the CIS, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the former Yugoslavia, Israel and Palestine, among other geographies.
36 37 City Profiles
KRIBI, CAMEROON
Close to Kribi, a coastal town in south western Cameroon, Royal Haskoning DHV is building the Kribi Industrial Port Complex, a 260 km2 industrial and residential city. This new city, which is built to facilite the local industries focused on the production and export of minerals, energy and petrochemicals, will comprise of a deep sea port, an extensive industrial zone for heavy, medium and light industry and a modern residential area to house up to 300,000 people. The spatial master plan, zoning plan and management strategy were presented to the main stakeholders at national and international level at a congress in April 2012 in Yaoundé and the first phase of the port was ready for use in 2015. Several major companies and investors declared an interest and are actively involved in the planning. The project is seen as a key step in creating wealth and sustainability in Cameroon. Next to industry, the Kribi Masterplan also envisages regional investments in tourism and preservation of natural marine and terrestrial environments. Sustainable development is at the heart of the master plan, but all stakeholders realize that these ambitions will be challenging.
Challenges: zz The development of the zone depends on collective efforts of many governmental organizations. Moving forward fast and creating favorable conditions for private investors is not an easy task. zz The development is to start with huge foreign private sector investments. These investment decisions take time and depend on factors as world market prices for natural resources and availability of skilled human resources. Gaining the trust of these multi-nationals is an important task.
Opportunities: zz Industrializing Cameroons economy is the main task of the industrial port city. However, the new town that is being constructed is also meant to become a showcase of a modern livable city in Cameroon.
Representative:
Bart Brorens is an experienced project manager and senior consultant with Royal HaskoningDHV, a worldwide active consultancy and engineering company. Bart is specialized in creating comprehensive sustainable master plans and management strategies for the development of regions, large urban and industrial cities/zones with related infrastructure. He worked on master plans for large scale developments, among which Kribi (Cameroon), Kanpur Modern City (India), Musandam Governorate (Oman), as well as on smaller scale developments in i.e. Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Mozambique and the Netherlands. He has a background in engineering as well as business strategy and organisation. He has a strong interest in strategic concept development and works on integrated solutions which connect experts and stakeholders in the fields of urban planning, economy, environment, technical and legal issues, costs and financing. 38 39 Statement Makers Statement Makers
SPIJKENISSE, CREATIVE GATEWAY, THE NETHERLANDS SHENZHEN - SUNGANG
Over the second half of the previous century, the village of AND QINGSHUIHE , CHINA Spijkenisse of a few thousand citizens, has grown to a city of circa 75,000 inhabitants. At first, this population growth was The areas Sungang and Qingshuihe are part of the Luohu initiated to facilitate the expansion of the Port of Rotterdam, district, one of the city centers of Shenzhen. Both have and later on, the growth of Spijkenisse became part of the become outdated since the warehouse and storage facilities national policy to orchestrate the suburbanization of the city no longer fulfill contemporary needs. Despite their diminishing of Rotterdam. During this last period, which peaked between importance as logistic centers, the fringes of these areas 1975 and 1985, Spijkenisse grew most. have become lively hubs of urban activity which is gradually In the 1990s, the municipality decided to focus on quality, infiltrating the area. KCAP has been asked to regenerate the rather than quantity, leading to large-scale investments in the total 540 ha. site, and aims to favor a strategic framework reinforcement of social, societal and cultural structures and for development over a finite regeneration master plan. The the (physical) expansion and upgrading of the city centre. As approach takes the current urban condition as the point of a result, over the past decades, Spijkenisse has built a new departure. theatre and a new library. Instead of grand projects, the design introduces a series of measures and projects which can be integrated into the existing fabric, in order to continue the urban history of Shenzhen as the result of pragmatism succeeding over monumentality. The plan defines, based on detailed typological studies, zones of different scales and transformation potential. In a separate study, economic networks are studied to identify new programs for the site which can be given a heightened profile, and subsequently a higher economic importance. The research focuses on small-scale retail, but also on industrial and furniture design as well as media and film industry. By doing so, the Luohu district center can be transformed into a creative gateway to and from Hongkong.
Representative:
Mirjam Salet, Mayor of Spijkenisse, The Netherlands. The Mayor of Spijkenisse started her career as administrative assistant and a teacher at a secondary school. In 1981, she became councilor of the Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) and party chairman in 1981. Several years later she became alderman of the municipality of Gorinchem, where she would later on become deputy mayor, with a portfolio including urban renewal, public housing, traffic, transport, environment and tourism. Before becoming the Mayor of Nissewaard, she was Representative: the Mayor of ‘s-Gravendeel, Hoogezand- Sappemeer and Spijkenisse. Next to her activities as being a Mayor, she has Ute Schneider (1966) studied architecture also chaired several boards, varying from the Zuid-Hollandse Gemeenten to at Technical University in Konstanz and the the organization of dancing event ‘Conny Jansen Danst’. University in Stuttgart, Karlsruhe and Delft. During her studies she worked for various German and Dutch architectural offices and in 1998 she founded the multidisciplinary architecture urbanism & design office zipherspaceworks. Ute is partner at KCAP and Director of the KCAP office in Zurich, where she is in charge of the coordination of KCAP Zurich’s projects, varying from architecture and urban planning to the design and development of overall master plans and transformation strategies. Many of these projects focus on transport-oriented developments such as the Masterplan for the Airport City of Dublin. Ute Schneider has also been involved in various exhibitions and publications of KCAP and is member of several Aesthetic Advisory Boards. 40 41 Statement Makers Statement Makers
ZUNYI, GUIZHOU SUDAIR, SAUDI ARABIA
PROVINCE, CHINA Sudair is one of Saudi Arabia’s large scale new towns, built in the desert at a one-hour drive north from the capital Riyadh. Zunyi, with a metropolitan area with 6 million citizens, is The city was initiated in 2009 and is meant to house one situated between the provincial capital Guiyang to the south million inhabitants and almost 200 km2 of industrial area, but and Chongqing to the north. The city is surrounded by a the development has fallen behind dramatically. Residential pristine subtropical environment that is threatened by the quarters and facilities have not yet been built and the ongoing urban expansion. envisioned business climate is non-existent at the moment. Zunyi Oasis New Town (21 km2) is located 10 km from Zunyi Therefore, in 2015, Royal HaskoningDHV was asked to City, and will soon be very well connected to Zunyi with high- reconsider the masterplan and its execution. In cooperation speed rail hubs that are under development at this moment. with a broad pool of local public and private stakeholders, The proposed design emphasizes green space extensively: Royal HaskoningDHV has to provide the conditions necessary the multi-layered green network, including eco-corridors, for the development of an organic city and provide a solid waterways and parks, is meant to enhance opportunities for economic foundation and infrastructure which is connected to recreation, water storage and filtration, energy generation the surrounding communities and villages. and social safety. By paying extra attention to urban form and To make living in a desert sustainable and maintainable, Royal accessibility Zunyi is meant to attract investors and developers HaskoningDHV develops a water management system inspired and create a livable and sustainable community. on the local, traditional systems of dams and irrigation pipes in surrounding villages in order to reduce the city’s dependence on groundwater consumption and create an attractive, natural environment.
Representative:
Maren Striker (M.Sc Urban Planning, Hong Kong University) is an urban planner at Representative: Arcadis in London and is a specialist on large scale planning, strategic urban thinking and Friedemann Römhild is the team leader of developing sustainable and liveable cities. He the urban planners of Royal HaskoningDHV. has worked on projects in China, Southeast After graduating with distinction at the Technical University of Berlin in 2000, he started his Asia, the Middle East and Europe and believes that integrated planning and design can improve career at the leading architecture and urban the quality of life. In China he was responsible design firms of KCAP and Mecanoo, where he for the delivery of vision, strategy and plan for was responsible for a series of international multiple regeneration and new town projects, design competition victories. He joined Royal amongst which was Zunyi. In 2014, Maren has HaskoningDHV in 2009 and ever since, he has driven from China to Holland during an epic worked on a series of strategic projects around three months road trip, and wrote thebook ‘Observations along the Road’ the globe. He is currently the design advisor about urban development in the cities he passed through along the Silk Road. for the metro system for Al Dammam and he is the lead master planner for the framework of Industrial City designs for the Saudi Industrial Property Authority. He is lecturing frequently on international conferences for smart city development and related topics.
42 43 Statement Makers Statement Makers
NANCHONG, CHINA CROATÀ LAGUNA
When Shell approached us to develop a template for ecocities ECOPARK, BRAZIL in China, I initially thought this would be both impossible and undesired. The notion of an urban template epitomized the Croatà Laguna Ecopark is the prototype of the first Social cookie-cutter planning we were trying to fight against in China. Smart City designed and developed by integrating urban For years we had been developing guidelines for a context- planning, architectural and environmental design, smart sensitive and time-based approach to planning, that can technologies and design of social inclusion services. This generate strategically unfolding and open-ended frameworks Ecopark is meant to become a replicable model for other able to absorb eco-concepts and sustainable technologies yet Social Smart Cities. Croaté Laguna Ecopark is developed in to be developed, or what we’ve been calling evolutionary the Municipality of Sao Gonçalo do Amarante. The subsidy planning. In the master plan for Nanchong we were able to originates from the “Minha Casa, Minha Vida” program unify this inherent contradiction, by developing a planning pertaining to the construction of 4-5,000 family units for low manual for the upgrading of its underutilized industrial suburbs. income brackets in a mixed-use development. The Municipality This meant this city could expand within its given footprint, – about 60km from Fortaleza – is undergoing great change and growing inwards rather than outwards. By starting to add relevant expansion, related in particular to the presence of the capacity in the suburbs, the project gives the old center time Port of Pecém and the adjacent industrial area known as CIPP. to catch up in its sustainable renewal. To our surprise, these spatially extensive but underused industrial subcenters were a pervasive condition that we’ve found alongside nearly all towns and cities across the entire nation. This made the manual for Nanchong a valid template for sustainable cities in China.
Representative:
Elena Bologna, Social Innovation Architect, SocialFare, Italy Elena Bologna is an architect graduated at ENSPA La Villette (Paris – France) and holds Representative: a M.A. in Social Innovation from the Danube University in Krems (Austria). She is currently working at SocialFare as program manager on Neville Mars is the director of the Dyamic City social innovation projects, activities and local Foundation and principal of MARS Architects in development strategies, with a specific focus Shanghai, a sustainable planning and architecture on capacity-building workshop design, social studio with over thirteen years of experience entrepreneurship, social impact measurement in Asia. MARS Architects is an award and impact design for social inclusion. She winning architecture practice, with construction has in-depth skills in contextual analysis of of the latest international competition currently relationships and interactions occurring within and transversally across nearing completion in Sofia. MARS has social cultural and physical space and is involved in the social design and developed over a dozen integrated planning development of social services in the project of the first Social Smart City, projects across Asia, including the Sino-Dutch Laguna Ecopark by Planet Idea. Ecocity in Shenzhen, entering its second stage of development, Beijing 798 Art District, Vision United Mumbai for the Guggenheim BMW, and the integral master plan for Caofeidian Ecocity. Recently MARS has been invited by UN HABITAT Lab to work in a unique collaborative format with Krill, Studio Maks and Rademacherdevries on the masterplan of Tacloban in the Philippines, the city ravaged by typhoon Haiyan.
44 45 Other speakers Side event
Almere (the Netherlands): Franc Weerwind was born in Amsterdam on September 22, ST 1964 and grew up in Nieuw-Vennep. He would JULY 1 , AMERSFOORT study Management at the University of Leiden, SEMINAR ON SUSTAINABLE PLANNING where he also became a member of Minerva, OF NEW TOWNS the Netherlands’ largest student society. In 2000, he became warrant-manager of the city of Leiderdorp, to become the municipal secretary of the municipality of Wormerland one year after. In As a side event of the International New Town Day, on July 2004, he was declared the new Mayor of Niedorp and in 2009 Franc Weerwind became Mayor of 1st, Royal HaskoningDHV organizes a morning session seminar Velsen. On September 9, 2015, Weerwind became the Mayor of Almere. with presentations and debate on Sustainable Planning of New Towns. Royal HaskoningDHV is a Dutch engineering and Province of Flevoland (the Netherlands): Leen(dert) Verbeek (speaker at the dinner Talks consultancy firm with almost 6,500 employees worldwide, and on June 29). Leen(dert) Verbeek is Vice-President a member of INTImi. of the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe (CLRAE), President of Programme: the Deltametropolis Association and President of the Supervisory Board of the National Data Warehouse for Traffic Information (NDW). 10:00 – 10:05 Welcome - Ir. Mariska Ruiter, associate Since 2008, he is the King’s Commissioner in the director Urban Development International Province of Flevoland, which makes him both chairperson of the local governing and executive bodies (regional parliament). Since his position is politically neutral, he offers a 10:05 – 10:20 Our way of making master plans for new general perspective on the policies of this regional government. He represents towns – Ir. Mariska Ruiter, associate director Flevoland’s interests on a local, regional, national and international level. Urban Development International Floriade 2022 (the Netherlands): Jannewietske de Vries (speaker at the Dinner Talks on June 10:20 – 10:35 Diamond City, India - Urban van Aar MSc, 29). Jannewietske de Vries is the former vice Senior Urban Designer & Landscape Architect governor of the province of Friesland and the initiator of Leeuwarden European Capital of Culture 2018. She is currently the CEO of 10:35 – 10:50 Sudair, Saudi Arabia - Friedemann Römhild Floriade Amsterdam Almere 2022. The Floriade MSc, Senior Urban Planner aims to show a deeply committed city growing into its healthy missions of feeding, greening and energizing. By offering an inspiring platform 10:50 – 11:05 Break for all kinds of green initiatives, Floriade aims to stimulate new ways of thinking, new ways of acting, new ways of making. With a diversity of cultures and backgrounds and 11:05 – 11:55 Debate with participants - Bouke Vellinga – as an open mindset, it offers a playground for those who believe in creating a moderator world in which people, urbanity and nature are connected. 12:00 Lunch DEBAAN/ROAM: Christine de Baan (Moderator) works as strategic advisor, curator, editor, and moderator at DEBAAN and is artistic director of ROAM, a foundation aiming to connect people and networks internationally to support the contribution of art and culture The seminar will be held at the Head office Royal to society. ROAM has curated and organized a HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914 35, 3818 EX in Amersfoort (about variety of high-end and influential exhibitions and 45 km away from Almere). Transport from the FINN hotel in conferences around the world on sustainable urbanism, fashion architecture and many other Almere to Amersfoort will be taken care of. topics. Christine was Head of Program for the IABR (2004-2008), curator for the China Contemporary | Visual Culture After the workshop you will be brought back to your hotel. exhibition in Rotterdam (2006), chair of the main advisory board of the For those who want to take the train to Schiphol Airport a stop National Dutch Arts Fund (2000-2004), and (is) a member or chair of various juries. She is a member of the board of INTI. at the railway station of Amersfoort will be arranged.
INTI: Michelle Provoost Dr. Michelle Provoost is an architectural historian specialized in urban planning history, postwar architecture and contemporary urban development. She co-founded the office of Crimson Architectural Historians in 1994, and has been the Director of the International New Town Institute (INTI) in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, since 2008. Under her direction, INTI has grown into an internationally known center for education and research relating to New Towns. Dr. Provoost is the head editor of the INTI publications. She teaches at various universities in the Netherlands and abroad and continues to be in great demand as a public speaker worldwide.
46 47 INTI Practical Information
ABOUT INTI Contact: The International New Town Institute (INTI) is a worldwide Sophie Rijnaard: +316 24708810 think-and-do tank, dedicated to improving the quality of design Viviana Rubbo: +31639576708 and planning of New Towns (i.e. planned communities) built in the 20th and 21st Century. INTI is a nonprofit organization, 1) Venue of the conference on June 30th: independent and not necessarily an advocate or promoter The conference will take place in the Nieuwe Zaal of the City of New Town planning. We take an investigative and critical Library of Almere. attitude towards the planning of New Towns. Knowing, however, that New Towns are an everyday reality for most Address: Almere Stad, Stadhuisplein 101, 1315 XC Almere urbanizing countries in the world, and are often seen as a necessity to house the expanding global population, INTI aims 2) Venue of the networking dinner on June 29th to exchange knowledge in order to improve the quality and Dinner on the 29 will take place at the ’Brasserie La Maison’. livability of the thousands of New Towns – old and new – everywhere on earth. Address: Belfort 8, 1315 VB Almere www.newtowninstitute.org
INTI Staff Executive Director: Michelle Provoost Almere E-mail: [email protected] Central Station
Managing Director: Simone Rots E-mail: [email protected] Nieuwe Bibliotheek Brasserie La Maison / Conference Location / dinner location Program Director China and India: Linda Vlassenrood E-mail: [email protected]
Project Manager Almere and the Netherlands: JaapJan Berg E-mail: [email protected]
100m Project Leader Curitiba: Jorn Konijn E-mail: [email protected]
Project Leader Nairobi: Naomi Hoogervorst E-mail: [email protected]
Researcher: Rachel Keeton E-mail: [email protected]
Project Manager: Viviana Rubbo E-mail: [email protected]
Junior Researcher and PR assistant: Sophie Rijnaard E-mail: [email protected]
Scientific Advisor: Wouter Vanstiphout E-mail: [email protected]
48 49 Notes INTImi
INTI could never have organized the International New Town Day 2016 without the generosity of the INTImi, the friends of INTI. Many of them, both City Councils and widely renown international developing and engineering firms will be present at the conference.
INTImi members have access to INTI’s international network of professionals and scholars all over the world and are invited to join international conferences, lectures, network meetings, and excursions. They are preferred partners in INTI’s international projects.
In case you wish to become part of the INTImi network, please contact us via: [email protected]
We would also like to thank our sponsors for this event:
This conference is part of the World Urban Campaign.
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