DOCSLIB.ORG

Reprinted from the US Lighthouse

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reprinted from the US Lighthouse Reprinted from the U. S. Lighthouse Society's The Keeper's Log — Summer 2003 <www.uslhs.org> Above – Sketch of the original Sand Key Lighthouse made by William Adee Whitehead in the 1830s. Courtesy of the Key West Art & Historical Society. Right – A sketch made of the configuration of Sand Key in the 1830s, showing the location of the lighthouse and keeper’s dwelling. Courtesy of Monroe County, May Hill Russell Public Library. Reprinted from The Keeper's Log — Summer 2003 <www.uslhs.org> The First Sand Key Lieutenant Commander Matthew C. Perry authorized for the Sambo Keys could be had first recommended that a lighthouse be built there or on Sand Key, and appropri- Lighthouse (1827-1846 built on Sand Key shortly after he landed on ated $16,000 for the construction of a brick ocated in the Florida Keys at Key West in March 1822, to take possession of lighthouse and full light station, similar to the southern-most point of the Florida Keys for the United States. Familiar those already established at Cape Florida, the United States, Sand Key is with the local channels, he recognized that Key West, and Garden Key. In June, Stephen a small, low-lying spit of sand a light on Sand Key would be important for Pleasonton, the federal official in charge of all seven miles south-southwest those approaching Key West from the south of America’s lighthouses, authorized Henry from Key West, near the west or Atlantic side of the Keys. However, the Act A. S. Dearborn, Collector of Customs for the entrance of the southwest channel leading to of May 7, 1822, the first Congressional act to Port of Boston, to advertise for proposals for Key West. During the British occupation of provide for lighthouses in the Florida Keys, the construction of the new lighthouse on Florida in 1763-1784, it was called Porpoise provided only for lighthouses at Cape Florida Sand Key. On July 17th, Dearborn forwarded Island possibly because of the large number of and in the Dry Tortugas. The following act, to Pleasonton four proposals and bids for dolphins nearby or because from a distance, it that of May 26, 1824, increased the appropria- the lighthouse construction and three for may have looked like a porpoise just breaking tions so these first two lighthouses could be fitting the lighthouse with the illuminating the surface. At any rate, as its location was built, provided for a lightship to be built at apparatus. Pleasonton chose the lowest bid- near one of the major navigation channels Carysfort Reef, and added another lighthouse, ders and authorized Dearborn to enter into into Key West and from there into the Gulf but for “one of the Sambo Keys,” rather than contracts with Hersey Stowell of Hingham, of Mexico, it was important that its position for Sand Key. This latter lighthouse would be Massachusetts, and James B. Gill of Suffolk, be marked for sailors. When the British constructed on Key West. The construction Massachusetts, for building the new lighthouse mariner George Gauld surveyed Sand Key in of these lighthouses was delayed by the loss for $12,538, and with Winslow Lewis for the 1770s he erected a large pole upon it to of the contractor who was lost at sea on his fitting up the tower with his patented lamps make it more visible. After the United States way to build the lighthouses at Cape Florida, and reflectors for $600. The contracts were settled Key West in the early 1820s, a wooden the Sambo Keys, and the Dry Tortugas, and signed on July 29, 1826. day-beacon was established on the island. In by the hot, “sickly” summer season when In September, Pleasonton sent a copy of the June 1826, Captain Josiah Doane reported mosquitoes and illness prevented construc- construction contracts to William Pinkney, that “the beacon on Sand Key, seven miles tion. However, by January 1825, construction the Collector of Customs at Key West, and from Key West is important; [but] it is fast of the Sambo Keys lighthouse was already authorized him to locate and select the site going to decay & unless something is not soon begun on Key West. and to supervise the construction of the Sand done to it, it will fall.” It became obvious that Many people still favored establishing a Key Lighthouse. The construction contract some kind of permanent and lighted marker lighthouse on Sand Key. Congress, on May called for building a round stone or hard brick was needed for this location. 18, 1826, determined that the lighthouse tower sixty-five feet high, twenty-five feet in Reprinted from The Keeper's Log — Summer 2003 <www.uslhs.org> diameter at the base and twelve feet at the had arrived, and construction began shortly appointed keeper at Sand Key and that Joseph top with walls five feet thick at the bottom thereafter. In January, Pleasonton wrote Ximenez be appointed to Flaherty’s position graduating to two feet thick at the top and Pinkney with authorization for him to procure at Dry Tortugas. The next day, Pleasonton with six windows of twelve lights each. With the two boats requested for the keeper of the wrote to inform Pinkney that the President the lantern height, the focal plane of the light Sand Key Lighthouse, “provided they can had approved both appointments. Pinkney would be 70 feet above sea level. Pleasonton be got at a reasonable price.” However, he was instructed to inform John Flaherty informed Pinkney that since the contracts had to deny Pinkney’s recent request for an of his appointment. As Ximenez lived in had been signed, authority had been granted increase in the salaries for the light keepers St. Augustine, Pleasonton wrote to John to have the contractor plaster the outside of of his district. Rodman, Collector of Customs for that port, the masonry tower with “Roman cement” to inform Ximenez and to ask that Ximenez to protect the bricks from the harsh effects sail for Key West as soon as possible to report of the climate on the exposed key. Also, to Pinkney. Pleasonton had approved the contractor’s On February 20, 1827, Pinkney wrote suggestion to put a chimney at each end of Pleasonton that the new Sand Key Lighthouse the dwelling house instead of in the middle would be completed in about two weeks, and as had been stated in the contract. “If you in early March, he reported that Flaherty had approve the work, when done,” Pleasonton been notified of his appointment to Sand Key charged Pinkney, “you will give the Contractor and that the lighthouse would begin operation a Certificate to that effect. If the Collector about April 1st or 2nd. By mid-March, the should be absent when the Contractor arrives, sixty-five foot tall brick tower was finished, the deputy Collector will act under these and the lantern was being installed, complete instructions.” with its bank of lamps. To differentiate this At the end of the next month, Pinkney light from the fixed white light at Key West, reported to Pleasonton that he had “closely Winslow Lewis provided Sand Key with a examined the Key above mentioned and fixed rotating apparatus, consisting of 11 patent upon the best Site which in my judgement lamps with 15-inch reflectors, which could offers.” Pinkney expected the work crews be seen 13 miles to sea. The total cost of the to arrive soon, but in November, he had to new lighthouse was $13,500. report to Pleasonton that none had yet arrived. John and Rebecca Flaherty arrived at Finally, on December 7, 1826, Pinkney could the new Sand Key Lighthouse in early April, Stephen Pleasonton. U. S. Lighthouse Society write Pleasonton: photo. and finally, the southernmost lighthouse in One of the Vessels engaged by the he Sand Key Lighthouse was about the United States was completed. On the Contractor for building the Light upon Sand to get a keeper. In January, Florida’s 13th, Pinkney wrote Pleasonton that notice Key arrived this morning with part of the TTerritorial delegate in Congress, Joseph had been published in the newspapers that materials, and I immediately provided them M. White, sent Pleasonton a proposal, signed the lamps would be lighted for the first time with boats to aid them in landing their provi- by W. H. Simmons, Joseph M. Hernandez, on the 15th. On the evening of that day, sions, water, &c—The Site [for the lighthouse] and Charles Downing, recommending Joseph Keeper John R. Flaherty lighted the wicks is a body of lime Stone, and will be found very Ximenez of St. Augustine for the position of of the eleven whale-oil lamps of Sand Key favorable for the foundation of the building. Keeper of the Sand Key Lighthouse. However, Lighthouse, and wound up and started the As the Season is cool and healthy, I presume Pinkney had been having problems with clockwork rotational mechanism for the first the Light will be completed in 70 days, and John and Rebecca Flaherty, the keepers at time. On April 23, 1827, Collector Pinkney I beg leave to suggest that (should you deem the Dry Tortugas Lighthouse, on the remote wrote to Pleasonton: it proper) a Keeper might be immediately islands of that name some seventy miles I am glad to be able to report to you that the appointed and Sent out, So that no delay west of Key West. Having relocated from Light on Sand Key was lit on 15 inst. and that may take place lighting it. Baltimore, Maryland, they had not been able Mr.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Blockade-Running in the Bahamas During the Civil War* by THELMA PETERS
    Blockade-Running in the Bahamas During the Civil War* by THELMA PETERS T HE OPENING of the American Civil War in 1861 had the same electrifying effect on the Bahama Islands as the prince's kiss had on the Sleeping Beauty. The islands suddenly shook off their lethargy of centuries and became the clearing house for trade, intrigue, and high adventure. Nassau, long the obscurest of British colonial capi- tals, and with an ordinarily poor and indifferent population, became overnight the host to a reckless, wealthy and extravagant crowd of men from many nations and many ranks. There were newspaper correspon- dents, English navy officers on leave with half pay, underwriters, enter- tainers, adventurers, spies, crooks and bums. Out-islanders flocked to the little city to grab a share of the gold which flowed like water. One visitor reported that there were traders of so many nationalities in Nas- sau that the languages on the streets reminded one of the tongues of Babel.1 All of this transformation of a sleepy little island city of eleven thou- sand people grew out of its geographical location for it was near enough to the Confederate coast to serve as a depot to receive Southern cotton and to supply Southern war needs. England tried to maintain neutrality during the War. It is not within the scope of this paper to pass judgment on the success of her effort. Certain it is that the Bahamians made their own interpretation of British neutrality. They construed the laws of neutrality vigorously against the United States and as laxly as possible toward the South.
    [Show full text]
  • Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial
    Navigating the Atlantic World: Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial Networks, 1650-1791 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Jamie LeAnne Goodall, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Margaret Newell, Advisor John Brooke David Staley Copyright by Jamie LeAnne Goodall 2016 Abstract This dissertation seeks to move pirates and their economic relationships from the social and legal margins of the Atlantic world to the center of it and integrate them into the broader history of early modern colonization and commerce. In doing so, I examine piracy and illicit activities such as smuggling and shipwrecking through a new lens. They act as a form of economic engagement that could not only be used by empires and colonies as tools of competitive international trade, but also as activities that served to fuel the developing Caribbean-Atlantic economy, in many ways allowing the plantation economy of several Caribbean-Atlantic islands to flourish. Ultimately, in places like Jamaica and Barbados, the success of the plantation economy would eventually displace the opportunistic market of piracy and related activities. Plantations rarely eradicated these economies of opportunity, though, as these islands still served as important commercial hubs: ports loaded, unloaded, and repaired ships, taverns attracted a variety of visitors, and shipwrecking became a regulated form of employment. In places like Tortuga and the Bahamas where agricultural production was not as successful, illicit activities managed to maintain a foothold much longer.
    [Show full text]
  • The Graves of the Pennsylvania Veterans of the War of 1812 Database
    October 2016 The Graves of the Pennsylvania increase as more information becomes digitized and available through Internet records and search- Veterans of the War of 1812 Database es. In order for researchers to find and incorporate By Eugene Bolt historical information, it needs to be available and accessible in the first place. We hope to collect this “We, the survivors and descendants information and get it out there to be used. of those who participated in that contest The database hopes to include basic informa- [the War of 1812], have joined together tion about our 1812 veteran ancestors: names, dates to perpetuate its memories and victories; of birth and death, service during the war, location to collect and secure for preservation of the graves and cemeteries, and, when possible, rolls, records, books and other documents photographs of the graves. relating to that period; to encourage re- search and publication of historical data, While we are interested in documenting all including memorials of patriots of that era graves of all Pennsylvania 1812 veterans, we are in our National history…” So reads the particularly interested in locating and documenting “objects” of the Society as proposed by the graves of the ancestors of our current Society of our Founders. the War of 1812 membership. We hope to include listings from all 67 of Pennsylvania’s counties. For a number of years we have been interested 1 in finding, marking graves and We’ll update the database celebrating the service of the periodically as new informa- veterans of our War. tion is gathered and post the information on our Society’s To that end we have under- webpage.
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Level Rise and Inundation Projections for Everglades, Biscayne and Dry Tortugas National Park Infrastructure
    Sea Level Rise and Inundation Projections for Everglades, Biscayne and Dry Tortugas National Park Infrastructure November 21, 2016 South Florida Natural Resources Center Everglades National Park Technical Report SFNRC 2016:11-21 Cover picture shows the Flamingo visitor center on Florida Bay. Sea Level Rise and Inundation Projections for Everglades, Biscayne and Dry Tortugas National Park Infrastructure November 21, 2016 Technical Report SFNRC 2016:11-21 South Florida Natural Resources Center Everglades National Park Homestead, Florida National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Sea Level Rise and Inundation Projections i Sea Level Rise and Inundation Projections for Everglades, Biscayne and Dry Tortugas National Park Infrastructure November 21, 2016 Technical Report SFNRC 2016:11-21 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY It is unequivocal that climate is warming, and since the 1950s many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen, and concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased. One of the most robust indicators of a warming climate is rising sea level driven by thermal expansion of ocean water and addition of land-based ice-melt to the ocean, however, sea level rise is not evenly distributed around the globe and the response of a coastline is highly dependent on local natural and human settings. This is particularly evident at the southern end of the Florida peninsula where low elevations and exceedingly flat topography provide an ideal setting for encroachment of the sea. Here, we illustrate projected impacts of sea level rise to infrastructure in Everglades, Biscayne and Dry Tortugas National Parks at four time horizons: 2025, 2050, 2075 and 2100, and under two sea level rise scenarios, a low projection and a high projection.
    [Show full text]
  • Keys Sanctuary 25 Years of Marine Preservation National Parks Turn 100 Offbeat Keys Names Florida Keys Sunsets
    Keys TravelerThe Magazine Keys Sanctuary 25 Years of Marine Preservation National Parks Turn 100 Offbeat Keys Names Florida Keys Sunsets fla-keys.com Decompresssing at Bahia Honda State Park near Big Pine Key in the Lower Florida Keys. ANDY NEWMAN MARIA NEWMAN Keys Traveler 12 The Magazine Editor Andy Newman Managing Editor 8 4 Carol Shaughnessy ROB O’NEAL ROB Copy Editor Buck Banks Writers Julie Botteri We do! Briana Ciraulo Chloe Lykes TIM GROLLIMUND “Keys Traveler” is published by the Monroe County Tourist Development Contents Council, the official visitor marketing agency for the Florida Keys & Key West. 4 Sanctuary Protects Keys Marine Resources Director 8 Outdoor Art Enriches the Florida Keys Harold Wheeler 9 Epic Keys: Kiteboarding and Wakeboarding Director of Sales Stacey Mitchell 10 That Florida Keys Sunset! Florida Keys & Key West 12 Keys National Parks Join Centennial Celebration Visitor Information www.fla-keys.com 14 Florida Bay is a Must-Do Angling Experience www.fla-keys.co.uk 16 Race Over Water During Key Largo Bridge Run www.fla-keys.de www.fla-keys.it 17 What’s in a Name? In Marathon, Plenty! www.fla-keys.ie 18 Visit Indian and Lignumvitae Keys Splash or Relax at Keys Beaches www.fla-keys.fr New Arts District Enlivens Key West ach of the Florida Keys’ regions, from Key Largo Bahia Honda State Park, located in the Lower Keys www.fla-keys.nl www.fla-keys.be Stroll Back in Time at Crane Point to Key West, features sandy beaches for relaxing, between MMs 36 and 37. The beaches of Bahia Honda Toll-Free in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Optical Measurements of Atmospheric Aerosols: Aeolian Dust, Secondary Organic Aerosols, and Laser-Induced Incandescence of Soot
    Optical Measurements of Atmospheric Aerosols: Aeolian Dust, Secondary Organic Aerosols, and Laser-Induced Incandescence of Soot by Lulu Ma, B. S. A Dissertation In Chemistry Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy Approved Jonathan E. Thompson Chair of Committee Dimitri Pappas Carol L. Korzeniewski Dominick Casadonte Interim Dean of the Graduate School August, 2013 Copyright 2013, Lulu Ma Texas Tech University, Lulu Ma, August 2013 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Thompson for his guidance and encouragement throughout the past 4 years in Texas Tech University. His profound knowledge, diligence and patience encouraged me and has setup a great example for me in the future. I also thank to Dr. Pappas and Dr. Korzeniewski for their help and for taking time as my committee members. I also would like to thank Dr. Ted Zobeck for his help on soil dust measurements and soil sample collection and also Dr. P. Buseck and his lab for TEM analysis. My group members: Hao Tang, Fang Qian, Kathy Dial, Haley Redmond, Yiyi Wei, Tingting Cao, and Qing Zhang, also helped me a lot in both daily life, and research. At last, I would like to thank my parents and friends for their love and continuous encouragement and support. ii Texas Tech University, Lulu Ma, August 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……………………………………………………………….ii ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………..vi LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………………….viii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………..………………ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ………………………………………….………………xi I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction to Atmospheric Aerosols. ................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Natural Sources .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Commentary Kerosene-Based Lighting: an Overlooked Source of Exposure to Household Air Pollution?
    Feature: Air quality challenges in low-income settlements Commentary Kerosene-based lighting: an overlooked source of exposure to household air pollution? Ariadna Curto 1,2,3, Cathryn Tonne 1,2,3 1Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain 2Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 3CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.8420 Access to affordable, reliable, modern and sustainable energy is prolonged periods, resulting in high levels of inhaled pollutants one of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) set (i.e. more mass inhaled per mass emitted). An experimental by the United Nations for 2030. However, estimates indicate that study in Kenya estimated that night kiosk vendors can inhale progress towards that goal is not on track: 650 million people 1560 µg of fine particles per day emitted by kerosene lamps worldwide are estimated to remain without access to electricity alone (Apple et al., 2010). Relatively few studies have attempted in 2030 (IEA, IRENA, UNSD, WB, WHO, 2019). Nine out of ten of to quantify the contribution of kerosene-based lighting to these people will live in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), mostly in rural particle exposure in populations in SSA. We previously reported communities, which face barriers in terms of affordability and that kerosene-based lighting was the strongest determinant supply. of 24-h average and peak personal exposure to black carbon among women living in a semi-rural area of Mozambique (Curto Without access to affordable and reliable clean energy to et al., 2019). Women who used kerosene as the primary source meet daily cooking, lighting, and heating needs, individuals of lighting had 81% and 93% higher average and peak personal rely on inefficient fuels and technologies that give rise to black carbon exposure, respectively, than those using electricity.
    [Show full text]
  • Rushlight Index 1980-2006
    Rushlight Cumulative Index, 1980 – 2006 Vol. 46 – 72 (Pages 2305 – 3951) Part 1: Subject Index Page 2 Part 2: Author Index Page 21 Part 3: Illustration Index Page 25 Notes: The following conventions are used in this index: a slash (/) after the page number indicates the item is an illustration with little or no text. MA before an entry indicates a notice of a magazine article; BR indicates a book review. Please note that if issues were mispaginated, the corrected page numbers are used in this index. The following chart lists the range of pages in each volume of the Rushlight covered by this index. Volume Range of Pages Volume Range of Pages 46 (1980) 2305-2355 60 (1994) 3139-3202 47 (1981) 2356-2406a 61 (1995) 3203-3261 48 (1982) 2406b-2465 62 (1996) 3262-3312 49 (1983) 2465a-2524 63 (1997) 3313-3386 50 (1984) 2524a-2592 64 (1998) 3387-3434 51 (1985) 2593-2679 65 (1999) 3435-3512 52 (1986) 2680-2752 66 (2000) 3513-3569 53 (1987) 2753-2803 67 (2001) 3570-3620 54 (1988) 2804-2851 68 (2002) 3621-3687 55 (1989) 2852-2909 69 (2003) 3688-3745 56 (1990) 2910-2974 70 (2004) 3746-3815 57 (1991) 2974a-3032 71 (2005) 3816-3893 58 (1992) 3033-3083 72 (2006) 3894-3951 59 (1993) 3084-3138 1 Rushlight Subject Index Subject Page Andrews' burning fluid vapor lamps 3400-05 Abraham Gesner: Father of Kerosene 2543-47 Andrews patent vapor burner 3359/ Accessories for decorating lamps 2924 Andrews safety lamp, award refused 3774 Acetylene bicycle lamps, sandwich style 3071-79 Andrews, Solomon, 1831 gas generator 3401 Acetylene bicycle lamps, Solar 2993-3004
    [Show full text]
  • Final 2012 NHLPA Report Noapxb.Pub
    GSA Office of Real Property Utilization and Disposal 2012 PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS REPORT NATIONAL HISTORIC LIGHTHOUSE PRESERVATION ACT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Lighthouses have played an important role in America’s For More Information history, serving as navigational aids as well as symbols of our rich cultural past. Congress passed the National Information about specific light stations in the Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act (NHLPA) in 2000 to NHLPA program is available in the appendices and establish a lighthouse preservation program that at the following websites: recognizes the cultural, recreational, and educational National Park Service Lighthouse Heritage: value of these iconic properties, especially for local http://www.nps.gov/history/maritime/lt_index.htm coastal communities and nonprofit organizations as stewards of maritime history. National Park Service Inventory of Historic Light Stations: http://www.nps.gov/maritime/ltsum.htm Under the NHLPA, historic lighthouses and light stations (lights) are made available for transfer at no cost to Federal agencies, state and local governments, and non-profit organizations (i.e., stewardship transfers). The NHLPA Progress To Date: NHLPA program brings a significant and meaningful opportunity to local communities to preserve their Since the NHLPA program’s inception in 2000, 92 lights maritime heritage. The program also provides have been transferred to eligible entities. Sixty-five substantial cost savings to the United States Coast percent of the transferred lights (60 lights) have been Guard (USCG) since the historic structures, expensive to conveyed through stewardship transfers to interested repair and maintain, are no longer needed by the USCG government or not-for-profit organizations, while 35 to meet its mission as aids to navigation.
    [Show full text]
  • • the Seven Mile Bridge (Knight Key Bridge HAER FL-2 Moser Channel
    The Seven Mile Bridge (Knight Key Bridge HAER FL-2 Moser Channel Bridge Pacet Channel Viaduct) Linking Several Florida Keys Monroe County }-|/ -i c,.^ • Florida '■ L. f'H PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA Historic American Engineering Record National Park Service Department of the Interior Washington D.C. 20240 • THE SEVEN MILE BRIDGE FL-2 MA e^ Ft. A HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD THE SEVEN MILE BRIDGE (Knight Key Bridge-Pigeon Key Bridge-Moser Channel Bridge- Pacet Channel Viaduct) Location: Spanning several Florida Keys and many miles of water this bridge is approximately 110 miles from Miami. It begins at Knight Key at the northeast end and terminates at Pacet Key at the southwest end. UTM 487,364E 476.848E 2,732,303N 2,729,606N # Date of Construction 1909-1912 as a railway bridge. Adapted as a concrete vehicular bridge on U.S. I in 1937-1938. Present Owner: Florida Department of Transpor- tation Hayden Burns Building Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Present Use: Since its conversion as a bridge for vehicles it has been in con- tinually heavy use as U.S. I linking Miami with Key West. There is one through draw span riAcis. rLi— z. \r. z.) at Moser Channel, the connecting channel between the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. It is presently scheduled to be replaced by the State with con- struction already underway in 1980. Significance At the time the Florida East Coast Railway constructed this bridge it was acclaimed as the longest bridge in the world, an engineering marvel. It we.s the most costly of all Flagler's bridges in the Key West Exten- sion.
    [Show full text]
  • Historically Famous Lighthouses
    HISTORICALLY FAMOUS LIGHTHOUSES CG-232 CONTENTS Foreword ALASKA Cape Sarichef Lighthouse, Unimak Island Cape Spencer Lighthouse Scotch Cap Lighthouse, Unimak Island CALIFORNIA Farallon Lighthouse Mile Rocks Lighthouse Pigeon Point Lighthouse St. George Reef Lighthouse Trinidad Head Lighthouse CONNECTICUT New London Harbor Lighthouse DELAWARE Cape Henlopen Lighthouse Fenwick Island Lighthouse FLORIDA American Shoal Lighthouse Cape Florida Lighthouse Cape San Blas Lighthouse GEORGIA Tybee Lighthouse, Tybee Island, Savannah River HAWAII Kilauea Point Lighthouse Makapuu Point Lighthouse. LOUISIANA Timbalier Lighthouse MAINE Boon Island Lighthouse Cape Elizabeth Lighthouse Dice Head Lighthouse Portland Head Lighthouse Saddleback Ledge Lighthouse MASSACHUSETTS Boston Lighthouse, Little Brewster Island Brant Point Lighthouse Buzzards Bay Lighthouse Cape Ann Lighthouse, Thatcher’s Island. Dumpling Rock Lighthouse, New Bedford Harbor Eastern Point Lighthouse Minots Ledge Lighthouse Nantucket (Great Point) Lighthouse Newburyport Harbor Lighthouse, Plum Island. Plymouth (Gurnet) Lighthouse MICHIGAN Little Sable Lighthouse Spectacle Reef Lighthouse Standard Rock Lighthouse, Lake Superior MINNESOTA Split Rock Lighthouse NEW HAMPSHIRE Isle of Shoals Lighthouse Portsmouth Harbor Lighthouse NEW JERSEY Navesink Lighthouse Sandy Hook Lighthouse NEW YORK Crown Point Memorial, Lake Champlain Portland Harbor (Barcelona) Lighthouse, Lake Erie Race Rock Lighthouse NORTH CAROLINA Cape Fear Lighthouse "Bald Head Light’ Cape Hatteras Lighthouse Cape Lookout Lighthouse. Ocracoke Lighthouse.. OREGON Tillamook Rock Lighthouse... RHODE ISLAND Beavertail Lighthouse. Prudence Island Lighthouse SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston Lighthouse, Morris Island TEXAS Point Isabel Lighthouse VIRGINIA Cape Charles Lighthouse Cape Henry Lighthouse WASHINGTON Cape Flattery Lighthouse Foreword Under the supervision of the United States Coast Guard, there is only one manned lighthouses in the entire nation. There are hundreds of other lights of varied description that are operated automatically.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of Our Lighthouses and Lightships
    E-STORy-OF-OUR HTHOUSES'i AMLIGHTSHIPS BY. W DAMS BH THE STORY OF OUR LIGHTHOUSES LIGHTSHIPS Descriptive and Historical W. II. DAVENPORT ADAMS THOMAS NELSON AND SONS London, Edinburgh, and Nnv York I/K Contents. I. LIGHTHOUSES OF ANTIQUITY, ... ... ... ... 9 II. LIGHTHOUSE ADMINISTRATION, ... ... ... ... 31 III. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OP LIGHTHOUSES, ... ... 39 IV. THE ILLUMINATING APPARATUS OF LIGHTHOUSES, ... ... 46 V. LIGHTHOUSES OF ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND DESCRIBED, ... 73 VI. LIGHTHOUSES OF IRELAND DESCRIBED, ... ... ... 255 VII. SOME FRENCH LIGHTHOUSES, ... ... ... ... 288 VIII. LIGHTHOUSES OF THE UNITED STATES, ... ... ... 309 IX. LIGHTHOUSES IN OUR COLONIES AND DEPENDENCIES, ... 319 X. FLOATING LIGHTS, OR LIGHTSHIPS, ... ... ... 339 XI. LANDMARKS, BEACONS, BUOYS, AND FOG-SIGNALS, ... 355 XII. LIFE IN THE LIGHTHOUSE, ... ... ... 374 LIGHTHOUSES. CHAPTER I. LIGHTHOUSES OF ANTIQUITY. T)OPULARLY, the lighthouse seems to be looked A upon as a modern invention, and if we con- sider it in its present form, completeness, and efficiency, we shall be justified in limiting its history to the last centuries but as soon as men to down two ; began go to the sea in ships, they must also have begun to ex- perience the need of beacons to guide them into secure channels, and warn them from hidden dangers, and the pressure of this need would be stronger in the night even than in the day. So soon as a want is man's invention hastens to it and strongly felt, supply ; we may be sure, therefore, that in the very earliest ages of civilization lights of some kind or other were introduced for the benefit of the mariner. It may very well be that these, at first, would be nothing more than fires kindled on wave-washed promontories, 10 LIGHTHOUSES OF ANTIQUITY.
    [Show full text]