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Abstract No: 11 Earth and Environmental Sciences
Proceedings of the Postgraduate Institute of Science Research Congress, Sri Lanka: 26th - 28th November 2020 Abstract No: 11 Earth and Environmental Sciences PRIORITIZATION OF WATERSHEDS IN UVA PROVINCE, SRI LANKA, BASED ON SOIL EROSION HAZARD I.D.U.H. Piyathilake1*, R.G.I. Sumudumali1, E.P.N. Udayakumara2, L.V. Ranaweera2, J.M.C.K. Jayawardana2 and S.K. Gunatilake2 1Faculty of Graduate Studies, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka 2Department of Natural Resources, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka *[email protected] Uva Province in Sri Lanka is most significant in terms of its hydrological contributions since it consists of ten major river basins including source areas of three tributaries of Mahaweli River. The Province is affected by human-induced soil erosion by water. Hence, identification of soil erosion hazards and prioritizing them based on watersheds are crucial for improving soil conservation and water management plans. This study assessed the mean annual soil loss from the Province and watersheds separately using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) model introduced by the Stanford University, USA, using ArcGIS 10.4 environment. To cover the spatial extent of the Uva Province, the raster maps of Digital Elevation Model (DEM), rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility factor (K), and land use land cover (LULC) maps were prepared using ArcGIS 10.4. A biophysical table was formulated as a .csv (Comma Separated Value) table containing crop management (C) and support practice (P) factors corresponding to each land use classes in the LULC raster. -
Fit.* IRRIGATION and MULTI-PURPOSE DEVELOPMENT
fit.* The Historic Jaya Ganga — built by King Dbatustna in tbi <>tb century AD to carry the waters of the Kala Wewa to the ancient city tanks of Anuradbapura, 57 miles away, while feeding a number of village tanks in its course. This channel is also famous for the gentle gradient of 6 ins. per mile for the first I7 miles and an average of 1 //. per mile throughout its length. Both tbeKalawewa andtbefiya Garga were restored in 1885 — 18 8 8 by the British, but not to their fullest capacities. New under the Mabaweli Diversion project, the Kill Wewa his been augmented and the Jaya Gingi improved to carry 1000 cusecs of water. The history of our country dates back to the 6th century B.C. When the legendary Vijaya landed in L->nka, he is believed to have found an island occupied by certain tribes who had already developed a rudimentary sys tem of irrigation. Tradition has it that Kuveni was spinning cotton on the bund of a small lake which was presumably part of this ancient system. The development of an ancient civilization which was entirely depen dent on an irrigation system that grew in size and complexity through the years is described in our written history. Many examples are available which demonstrate this systematic development of water and land re sources throughout the so-called dry zone of our country over very long periods of time. The development of a water supply and irrigation system around the city of Anuradhapuia may be taken as an example. -
The Government of the Democratic
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 2019 DEPARTMENT OF STATE ACCOUNTS GENERAL TREASURY COLOMBO-01 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1. Note to Readers 1 2. Statement of Responsibility 2 3. Statement of Financial Performance for the Year ended 31st December 2019 3 4. Statement of Financial Position as at 31st December 2019 4 5. Statement of Cash Flow for the Year ended 31st December 2019 5 6. Statement of Changes in Net Assets / Equity for the Year ended 31st December 2019 6 7. Current Year Actual vs Budget 7 8. Significant Accounting Policies 8-12 9. Time of Recording and Measurement for Presenting the Financial Statements of Republic 13-14 Notes 10. Note 1-10 - Notes to the Financial Statements 15-19 11. Note 11 - Foreign Borrowings 20-26 12. Note 12 - Foreign Grants 27-28 13. Note 13 - Domestic Non-Bank Borrowings 29 14. Note 14 - Domestic Debt Repayment 29 15. Note 15 - Recoveries from On-Lending 29 16. Note 16 - Statement of Non-Financial Assets 30-37 17. Note 17 - Advances to Public Officers 38 18. Note 18 - Advances to Government Departments 38 19. Note 19 - Membership Fees Paid 38 20. Note 20 - On-Lending 39-40 21. Note 21 (Note 21.1-21.5) - Capital Contribution/Shareholding in the Commercial Public Corporations/State Owned Companies/Plantation Companies/ Development Bank (8568/8548) 41-46 22. Note 22 - Rent and Work Advance Account 47-51 23. Note 23 - Consolidated Fund 52 24. Note 24 - Foreign Loan Revolving Funds 52 25. -
Water Balance Variability Across Sri Lanka for Assessing Agricultural and Environmental Water Use W.G.M
Agricultural Water Management 58 (2003) 171±192 Water balance variability across Sri Lanka for assessing agricultural and environmental water use W.G.M. Bastiaanssena,*, L. Chandrapalab aInternational Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka bDepartment of Meteorology, 383 Bauddaloka Mawatha, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka Abstract This paper describes a new procedure for hydrological data collection and assessment of agricultural and environmental water use using public domain satellite data. The variability of the annual water balance for Sri Lanka is estimated using observed rainfall and remotely sensed actual evaporation rates at a 1 km grid resolution. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) has been used to assess the actual evaporation and storage changes in the root zone on a 10- day basis. The water balance was closed with a runoff component and a remainder term. Evaporation and runoff estimates were veri®ed against ground measurements using scintillometry and gauge readings respectively. The annual water balance for each of the 103 river basins of Sri Lanka is presented. The remainder term appeared to be less than 10% of the rainfall, which implies that the water balance is suf®ciently understood for policy and decision making. Access to water balance data is necessary as input into water accounting procedures, which simply describe the water status in hydrological systems (e.g. nation wide, river basin, irrigation scheme). The results show that the irrigation sector uses not more than 7% of the net water in¯ow. The total agricultural water use and the environmental systems usage is 15 and 51%, respectively of the net water in¯ow. -
River Basins
APPENDIX I.I 122 River Basins Basin No Name of Basin Catchment Basin No. Name of Basin Catchment Area Sq. Km. Area Sq. Km 1. Kelani Ganga 2278 53. Miyangolla Ela 225 2. Bolgoda Lake 374 54. Maduru Oya 1541 3. Kaluganga 2688 55. Pulliyanpotha Aru 52 4. Bemota Ganga 6622 56. Kirimechi Odai 77 5. Madu Ganga 59 57. Bodigoda Aru 164 6. Madampe Lake 90 58. Mandan Aru 13 7. Telwatte Ganga 51 59. Makarachchi Aru 37 8. Ratgama Lake 10 60. Mahaweli Ganga 10327 9. Gin Ganga 922 61. Kantalai Basin Per Ara 445- 10. Koggala Lake 64 62. Panna Oya 69 11. Polwatta Ganga 233 12. Nilwala Ganga 960 63. Palampotta Aru 143 13. Sinimodara Oya 38 64. Pankulam Ara 382 14. Kirama Oya 223 65. Kanchikamban Aru 205 15. Rekawa Oya 755 66. Palakutti A/u 20 16. Uruhokke Oya 348 67. Yan Oya 1520 17. Kachigala Ara 220 68. Mee Oya 90 18. Walawe Ganga 2442 69. Ma Oya 1024 19. Karagan Oya 58 70. Churian A/u 74 20. Malala Oya 399 71. Chavar Aru 31 21. Embilikala Oya 59 72. Palladi Aru 61 22. Kirindi Oya 1165 73. Nay Ara 187 23. Bambawe Ara 79 74. Kodalikallu Aru 74 24. Mahasilawa Oya 13 75. Per Ara 374 25. Butawa Oya 38 76. Pali Aru 84 26. Menik Ganga 1272 27. Katupila Aru 86 77. Muruthapilly Aru 41 28. Kuranda Ara 131 78. Thoravi! Aru 90 29. Namadagas Ara 46 79. Piramenthal Aru 82 30. Karambe Ara 46 80. Nethali Aru 120 31. -
National Wetland DIRECTORY of Sri Lanka
National Wetland DIRECTORY of Sri Lanka Central Environmental Authority National Wetland Directory of Sri Lanka This publication has been jointly prepared by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA), The World Conservation Union (IUCN) in Sri Lanka and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). The preparation and printing of this document was carried out with the financial assistance of the Royal Netherlands Embassy in Sri Lanka. i The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CEA, IUCN or IWMI concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the CEA, IUCN or IWMI. This publication has been jointly prepared by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA), The World Conservation Union (IUCN) Sri Lanka and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). The preparation and publication of this directory was undertaken with financial assistance from the Royal Netherlands Government. Published by: The Central Environmental Authority (CEA), The World Conservation Union (IUCN) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka. Copyright: © 2006, The Central Environmental Authority (CEA), International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and the International Water Management Institute. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. -
List of Rivers of Sri Lanka
Sl. No Name Length Source Drainage Location of mouth (Mahaweli River 335 km (208 mi) Kotmale Trincomalee 08°27′34″N 81°13′46″E / 8.45944°N 81.22944°E / 8.45944; 81.22944 (Mahaweli River 1 (Malvathu River 164 km (102 mi) Dambulla Vankalai 08°48′08″N 79°55′40″E / 8.80222°N 79.92778°E / 8.80222; 79.92778 (Malvathu River 2 (Kala Oya 148 km (92 mi) Dambulla Wilpattu 08°17′41″N 79°50′23″E / 8.29472°N 79.83972°E / 8.29472; 79.83972 (Kala Oya 3 (Kelani River 145 km (90 mi) Horton Plains Colombo 06°58′44″N 79°52′12″E / 6.97889°N 79.87000°E / 6.97889; 79.87000 (Kelani River 4 (Yan Oya 142 km (88 mi) Ritigala Pulmoddai 08°55′04″N 81°00′58″E / 8.91778°N 81.01611°E / 8.91778; 81.01611 (Yan Oya 5 (Deduru Oya 142 km (88 mi) Kurunegala Chilaw 07°36′50″N 79°48′12″E / 7.61389°N 79.80333°E / 7.61389; 79.80333 (Deduru Oya 6 (Walawe River 138 km (86 mi) Balangoda Ambalantota 06°06′19″N 81°00′57″E / 6.10528°N 81.01583°E / 6.10528; 81.01583 (Walawe River 7 (Maduru Oya 135 km (84 mi) Maduru Oya Kalkudah 07°56′24″N 81°33′05″E / 7.94000°N 81.55139°E / 7.94000; 81.55139 (Maduru Oya 8 (Maha Oya 134 km (83 mi) Hakurugammana Negombo 07°16′21″N 79°50′34″E / 7.27250°N 79.84278°E / 7.27250; 79.84278 (Maha Oya 9 (Kalu Ganga 129 km (80 mi) Adam's Peak Kalutara 06°34′10″N 79°57′44″E / 6.56944°N 79.96222°E / 6.56944; 79.96222 (Kalu Ganga 10 (Kirindi Oya 117 km (73 mi) Bandarawela Bundala 06°11′39″N 81°17′34″E / 6.19417°N 81.29278°E / 6.19417; 81.29278 (Kirindi Oya 11 (Kumbukkan Oya 116 km (72 mi) Dombagahawela Arugam Bay 06°48′36″N -
North East Coastal Community Development Project
ADB NORTH EAST COASTAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Study 16: An Evaluation of the Current exploitation and Demand for Minerals in the Eastern Province and Recommendations to Improve the Current Management and Further exploitation of Mineral Resources in the Eastern Province Final Report September 2010 GREENTECH CONSULTANTS (PVT.) LTD No. 94/50, Kirulapona Road, Colombo-05, Sri Lanka Tel: +94 115 533933, Facsimile: +94 115 533934 E-mail: [email protected] MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS North East Coastal Community Development Project (NECCDEP) An introduction Component A Sustainable livelihood improvement 130 GN Divisions are selected for this component. Activities under this component are preparation of village development Trincomalee plans (VDPs), constructing small scale production oriented infrastructures such as minor roads, community buildings, pre schools, drinking water wells, drainages, Batticaloa production centers, fisheries development activities etc, construction of livelihood related cluster infrastructures facilities and Ampara providing skill training and micro-credit facilities. Component B Resource Management in three Project Title : North East Coastal Community Special Management Areas (SMAs) Development Project Trincomalee bay, Batticaloa Lagoon and (NECCDEP) the Southern Ampara biodiversity Zone- have been selected for interventions to improve natural resource management Executing Agency : Ministry of Nation Building & and address acute environmental Estate Infrastructure problems. This component includes Development resource mapping and identification of ‘hot spots’, formulating SMA Lead implementing : Eastern Provincial Council management plans and action plans, Agency Implementing community - based natural resource management Implementing : 1. Central Environmental interventions at the GN level and Implementing larger - scale Agency Authority (CEA) environmental interventions at the 2. National Development district level. Trust Fund (NDTF) 3. -
Y%S ,Xld M%Cd;Dka;%Sl Iudcjd§ Ckrcfha .Eiü M;%H W;S Úfyi the Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka EXTRAORDINARY
Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h w;s úfYI The Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka EXTRAORDINARY wxl 2072$58 - 2018 uehs ui 25 jeks isl=rdod - 2018'05'25 No. 2072/58 - FRIDAY, MAY 25, 2018 (Published by Authority) PART I : SECTION (I) — GENERAL Government Notifications SRI LANKA Coastal ZONE AND Coastal RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN - 2018 Prepared under Section 12(1) of the Coast Conservation and Coastal Resource Management Act, No. 57 of 1981 THE Public are hereby informed that the Sri Lanka Coastal Zone and Coastal Resource Management Plan - 2018 was approved by the cabinet of Ministers on 25th April 2018 and the Plan is implemented with effect from the date of Gazette Notification. MAITHRIPALA SIRISENA, Minister of Mahaweli Development and Environment. Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment, No. 500, T. B. Jayah Mawatha, Colombo 10, 23rd May, 2018. 1A PG 04054 - 507 (05/2018) This Gazette Extraordinary can be downloaded from www.documents.gov.lk 1A 2A I fldgi ( ^I& fPoh - YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha w;s úfYI .eiÜ m;%h - 2018'05'25 PART I : SEC. (I) - GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY OF THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA - 25.05.2018 CHAPTER 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 THE SCOPE FOR COASTAL ZONE AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 1.1.1. Context and Setting With the increase of population and accelerated economic activities in the coastal region, the requirement of integrated management focused on conserving, developing and sustainable utilization of Sri Lanka’s dynamic and resources rich coastal region has long been recognized. -
Status, Diversity and Conservation of the Mangrove Forests of Sri Lanka
J. South Asian nat. Hist., ISSN 1022-0828. January, 1998. Vol.3, No. 1, pp. 79-102, 2 figs., 9 tabs. © Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, 95 Cotta Road, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka. Status, diversity and conservation of the mangrove forests of Sri Lanka Mangala de Silva" and Padma K. de Silva* Abstract In Sri Lanka, mangrove forests are found scattered mainly along the north-western, north eastern and eastern coasts bordering lagoons and river estuaries. The area covered by the mangrove forests today is estimated as only 87 km2 (Legg & Jewell, 1995). Most of the mangrove forest areas have been subjected to human interference for a long time, and undisturbed mangrove forests are seldom found. In most areas, the mangrove forests are usually restricted to a narrow strip, sometimes only a few trees deep. The largest mangrove forest, which is in the Kala Oya estuary, is not more than 0.5 km deep and extends upstream about 2 km from the river mouth. The low level of tidal fluctuations is mainly responsible for the narrowness of the mangrove forests as only a small area comes under the tidal influence. A clear zonation is not seen in most localities because of the narrowness of the mangrove forest and the human interference. Two major kinds of mangrove forests, namely, low-saline and high-saline, could be distinguished by the floristic composition; three other specialised high saline types, scrub, overwash, and basin, are also sometimes distinguished depending on the flooding characteristics and topography. Twenty three true mangrove species of trees and shrubs have been recorded in Sri Lanka, the common species being Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia marina, Excoecaria agallocha, Acanthus ilicifolius, Lumnitzera racemosa, Sonneratia caseolaris, Bruguiera gymnorhiza and Aegiceras corniculatum. -
An Ecological Risk Assessment of Sediments in a Developing Environment—Batticaloa Lagoon, Sri Lanka
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article An Ecological Risk Assessment of Sediments in a Developing Environment—Batticaloa Lagoon, Sri Lanka Madurya Adikaram 1,* , Amarasooriya Pitawala 2, Hiroaki Ishiga 3, Daham Jayawardana 4 and Carla M. Eichler 5 1 Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, South Eastern University, Sammanthurai 32200, Sri Lanka 2 Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; [email protected] 3 Department of Geosciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, Shimane 690-8501, Japan; [email protected] 4 Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Sri Jayawardhanapura University, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; [email protected] 5 Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Science Building 307, 1053 Main St, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +94-718-318-140 Abstract: The land-sea interface is considered as a threatening environment due to anthropogenic development activities. Unplanned developments can cause effects on important ecosystems, wa- ter and human health as well. In this study, the influence of rapid regional development on the accumulation of trace elements to the sediments of an important ecosystem, Batticaloa lagoon, Sri Lanka was examined. Surface sediment pollution status and ecological risk was compared with that of the recent sedimentary history of about 1 m depth. Sediment core samples were collected and analyzed for grain size, organic matter and carbonate contents and trace elements (As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr) by the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) technique. The chemical results of core samples and recently published data of surface sediments of the same project were evaluated by pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (PERI) and sediment quality guidelines (SQG). -
12 Manogaran.Pdf
Ethnic Conflict and Reconciliation in Sri Lanka National Capilal District Boundarl3S * Province Boundaries Q 10 20 30 010;1)304050 Sri Lanka • Ethnic Conflict and Reconciliation in Sri Lanka CHELVADURAIMANOGARAN MW~1 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS • HONOLULU - © 1987 University ofHawaii Press All Rights Reserved Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication-Data Manogaran, Chelvadurai, 1935- Ethnic conflict and reconciliation in Sri Lanka. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Sri Lanka-Politics and government. 2. Sri Lanka -Ethnic relations. 3. Tamils-Sri Lanka-Politics and government. I. Title. DS489.8.M36 1987 954.9'303 87-16247 ISBN 0-8248-1116-X • The prosperity ofa nation does not descend from the sky. Nor does it emerge from its own accord from the earth. It depends upon the conduct ofthe people that constitute the nation. We must recognize that the country does not mean just the lifeless soil around us. The country consists ofa conglomeration ofpeople and it is what they make ofit. To rectify the world and put it on proper path, we have to first rec tify ourselves and our conduct.... At the present time, when we see all over the country confusion, fear and anxiety, each one in every home must con ., tribute his share ofcool, calm love to suppress the anger and fury. No governmental authority can sup press it as effectively and as quickly as you can by love and brotherliness. SATHYA SAl BABA - • Contents List ofTables IX List ofFigures Xl Preface X111 Introduction 1 CHAPTER I Sinhalese-Tamil