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Arquivo Total.Pdf A B Figura 7 – Espécies de Membracidae mais abundantes nos fragmentos de Mata Atlântica da Paraíba. A – Bolbonota melaena; B- Harmonides díspar; C- Enchenopa squamigera. C UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAIBA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E DA NATUREZA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS (ZOOLOGIA) VALBERTA ALVES CABRAL Protocolo de coleta e diversidade de Membracidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) em áreas de Mata Atlântica da Paraíba João Pessoa 2017 VALBERTA ALVES CABRAL Protocolo de coleta e diversidade de Membracidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) em áreas de Mata Atlântica da Paraíba Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO: Zoologia LINHA DE PESQUISA: Ecologia de ecossistemas e comunidades ORIENTADOR: Prof. Dr. Antonio José Creão Duarte João Pessoa 2017 CABRAL, V.A. Protocolo de coleta e diversidade de Membracidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) em áreas de Mata Atlântica da Paraíba. Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal da Paraíba para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas. Aprovado em:_____________________________________ BANCA EXAMINADORA TITULARES Dr. Antonio José Creão Duarte (Orientador) Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia (UFPB) Dra. Olivia Evangelista de Souza Museu de Zoologia (USP) Dr. Luiz Carlos Serramo Lopez Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia (UFPB) SUPLENTE Alexandre Vasconcellos Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia (UFPB) À Analucia e Valberto, dedico. AGRADECIMENTOS Durante toda essa caminhada, conheci muitas pessoas e aprendi algo com cada uma delas. Gostaria de agradecer, pois em alguns (ou vários) momentos todos foram muito importantes em minha vida e de alguma forma para a realização deste trabalho. Agradeço a Deus, fonte inesgotável de extrema sabedoria, pela minha vida, por sempre me dar força para seguir em frente e por sempre colocar pessoas tão especiais em minha vida. Aos meu pais, Analucia e Valberto, que me ensinaram a honestidade, o amor e a trilhar o caminho do bem. Muito obrigada pela compreensão, amor, dedicação e por abdicar de tantas coisas para que eu seguisse em frente. Aos meus irmãos, Bebeto e Umberlândia, pela amizade, incentivo, companheirismo e por todos os momentos felizes. Sou muito grata a meu orientador, Prof. Antonio José Creão Duarte, pela confiança e apoio. Agradeço também pela disponibilidade, paciência e compreensão inesgotáveis, por dividir seu conhecimento (inclusive sobre a vida) comigo, sobretudo pela orientação imprescindível para a realização deste trabalho. Serei eternamente grata por tudo. A equipe de pesquisa “Cigarinhas dos pomares”, Izabela Braga, Alessandre Colavite, Wellington Santos, Rembrandt Rothéa, Ana Claúdia Alves e Aline Lourenço, por toda ajuda no campo e momentos de amizade e descontração. Sem vocês a realização deste trabalho seria impossível. Aos professores Alexandre Palma, Alexandre Vasconcellos, Denise Cruz e Luiz Lopez, pelo suporte e preciosas críticas e sugestões ao trabalho. Ao professor Dr. Albino M. Sakakibara, pela identificação de algumas espécies. Às meninas da estatística, Brisa Lunar, Carolina Liberal, Clarice Vieira e Luane Azeredo, muito obrigada por toda ajuda com as análises e não me deixarem perder juízo com elas. Ainda agradeço a Izabela, Carol e Wellington pelas fotografias feitas para o trabalho e pela amizade em todas as horas. Aos gestores das áreas Refúgio da Vida Silvestre Mata do Buraquinho, Reserva Biológica Guaribas, e as RPPN’s Engenho Gargaú e Fazenda Pacatuba (ambas de propriedade da Usina Japungú) por todo suporte durante a pesquisa. Ao setor de transporte do CCEN, Sr. Guilherme, Izaquiel, Ronaldo e Rochael, por todas as manobras (quase impossíveis) para conseguir veículos para nos levar aos campos. Muito obrigada! Aos colegas do Laboratório de Entomologia, em especial a Dalyne Teles, Izadora Pontes, Luiz Paulo, Natália Sarinho e Willian Silva pela amizade e por me fazerem sorrir mesmo nos dias mais “emburrados”. Aos amigos Layla Reis e Jean Miguel pelo incentivo ao ingresso no mestrado e envio de literatura. A coordenação do PPGCB e ao Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia (DSE) pela estrutura e apoio para a realização do trabalho. Ao secretário do PPGCB, Josias Xavier, por toda a ajuda nas questões burocráticas e ser um anjo na vida dos alunos. Gratidão! Aos professores do PPGCB pelo conhecimento compartilhado, pelos ricos debates em sala e pelo grande incentivo para seguir a carreira acadêmica. A CAPES, pela bolsa de estudo concedida. Enfim, muito obrigada a todos que me ajudaram direta ou indiretamente na realização deste trabalho. If the young entomologist wishes to laugh, let him look at the faces of tree-hoppers through a lens.” John Henry Comstock, 1897 RESUMO CABRAL, V.C. Protocolo de coleta e diversidade de Membracidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) em áreas de Mata Atlântica da Paraíba. 2017. 77f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, 2017. A família Membracidae compreende cerca de 3.200 espécies descritas e tem distribuição cosmopolita (com exceção do Ártico e Antártico). Apesar de a maior diversidade ser encontrada nos Neotrópico, poucos estudos de cunho ecológico têm sido direcionados a este grupo no Brasil. O presente estudo objetivou o estabelecimento de um protocolo de amostragem, bem como, inventariar e analisar a similaridade da fauna de membracídeos em áreas da Mata Atlântica da Paraíba. O protocolo foi padronizado em 100 unidades amostrais e foram utilizados quatro métodos de coleta, sendo: coleta ativa (30 unidades), cartões adesivos amarelos aplicados no sub-bosque (30 unidades) e no dossel (30 unidades) e armadilha luminosa (10 unidades). Foram realizadas coletas em quatro áreas representativas de Mata Atlântica do estado: REBIO Guaribas (3.016ha), RPPN Engenho Gargaú (1.058,6ha), RPPN Fazenda Pacatuba (266,53ha) e RVS Mata do Buraquinho (519,75ha). Para avaliar a eficiência do protocolo, foi analisado o desempenho, através da rarefação, e a complementaridade dos métodos por meio do índice Jaccard. Também foram feitas curvas de acumulação de espécies utilizando os estimadores Chao 1 e Chao 2 e calculada a suficiência amostral em cada área. A similaridade entre as áreas foi avaliada quanto à abundância (ANOVA) e riqueza (ANOSIM). A riqueza da Mata Atlântica foi estimada através de Chao 1 e Chao 2. No total foram coletados 2.612 indivíduos pertencentes a 85 espécies. Os métodos apresentaram alta complementaridade com valores variando de 63% a 78%. A riqueza amostrada nas áreas variou entre 34 e 58 espécies, com média de 85,2% de suficiência amostral. A RPPN Engenho Gargaú e REBIO Guaribas diferiram (p= 0.034) com relação a abundância de indivíduos. Os resultados mostram que a taxocenose de membracídeos entre as áreas de estudo são similares tanto na composição quanto no padrão de distribuição de abundância. Palavras-chave: membracídeos, padronização de amostragem, similaridade, estimadores. ABSTRACT CABRAL, V.C. Protocol of collection and diversity of Membracidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) in areas of Atlantic Forest of Paraíba. 2017. 77f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, 2017. The family Membracidae comprises about 3.200 described species and is distributed worldwide (with the exception of the Arctic and Antarctic). Although the greatest diversity is found in the Neotropics, few ecological studies have been directed to this group in Brazil. The present study aimed to establish a sampling protocol, as well as to inventory and analyze the similarity of the fauna of treehoppers in areas of the Atlantic Forest of Paraíba. The protocol was standardized in 100 sampling units and four sampling techniques were used: active collection (30 units), yellow adhesive cards placed in the understory (30 units) and in the canopy (30 units) and light trap (10 units). Samples were collected in four representative areas of Atlantic Forest in the state: REBIO Guaribas (3,016ha), RPGN Engenho Gargaú (1,058.6ha), RPPN Fazenda Pacatuba (266,53ha) and RVS Mata do Buraquinho (519,75ha). To evaluate the efficiency of the protocol, the performance was analyzed through rarefaction, and the complementary of the methods was analyzed through the Jaccard index. Species accumulation curves were also made using the Chao 1 and Chao 2 estimators and the sample sufficiency was calculated in each area. The similarity between the areas was evaluated for abundance (ANOVA) and richness (ANOSIM). The richness of the Atlantic Forest was estimated through Chao 1 and Chao2. In total, 2,612 individuals belonging to 85 species were collected. The methods showed high complementarity with values varying from 63% to 78%. The richness sampled in the areas varied between 34 and 58 species, with an average of 85.2% of sample sufficiency. The RPPN Engenho Gargaú and REBIO Guaribas differed (p = 0.034) with regard to species abundance. The results show that the taxocenosis of treehoppers among sampled areas are similar both in composition and patterns is species distribution and abundance. Key words: treehoppers, standardization of sampling, similarity, estimators. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 – Imagem de satélite das quatro áreas de coleta: RVS Mata do Buraquinho (João Pessoa), RPPN Engenho Gargaú ( Santa Rita), RPPN Fazenda Pacatuba
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