Animal Signals and Communication 3 Wessel · Hill · Gogala · Cocroft Signals and Communication 3 Series Editors: Vincent M. Janik · Peter McGregor Reginald B. Cocroft · Matija Gogala · Peggy S.M. Hill · Andreas Wessel Editors Studying Vibrational Communication Eds. Reginald B. Cocroft This volume explains the key ideas, questions and methods involved in studying the hidden world of vibrational communication in . The authors dispel the notion that this form of communication is difficult to study, and show how vibrational Matija Gogala signaling is a key to social interactions in species that live in contact with a substrate, whether it be a grassy lawn, a rippling stream, or a tropical forest canopy. This ancient Peggy S.M. Hill and widespread form of social exchange is also remarkably understudied. A frontier in animal behavior, it offers unparalleled opportunities for discovery and for addressing Andreas Wessel Editors general questions in communication and social evolution. In addition to reviews of advances made in the study of several animal taxa, this volume also explores topics such as vibrational communication networks, the interaction of acoustic and vibrational communication, the history of the field, the evolution of signal production and reception, and establishing a common vocabulary. 1 Studying Studying Vibrational Communication Vibrational Communication

Life Sciences

ISBN 978-3-662-43606-6

9 7 8 3 6 6 2 4 3 6 0 6 6 Animal Signals and Communication

Volume 3

Series editors Vincent M. Janik School of University of St Andrews Fife, UK

Peter McGregor Centre for Applied Zoology Cornwall College Newquay, UK

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8824 Reginald B. Cocroft • Matija Gogala Peggy S. M. Hill • Andreas Wessel Editors

Studying Vibrational Communication

123 Editors Reginald B. Cocroft Andreas Wessel Division of Biological Sciences Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut University of Missouri-Columbia für Evolutions- und Columbia, MO Biodiversitätsforschung USA Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin Matija Gogala Germany Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts and Zoologisches Museum Peggy S. M. Hill Universität Hamburg Faculty of Biological Sciences Hamburg University of Tulsa Germany Tulsa, OK USA

ISSN 2197-7305 ISSN 2197-7313 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-662-43606-6 ISBN 978-3-662-43607-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-43607-3 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London

Library of Congress Control Number: 2014942315

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Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To Hildegard Strübing (8 May 1922–18 May 2013) Foreword

The Emerging Field of Tremology

Vibrations and chemicals are the oldest modes of communication and both probably evolved from the original cell–cell mechanical and chemical interactions within early metazoans. In spite of vibrational communication being so widespread (more than 230,000 species and many vertebrates too), it is probably the least commonly known and least well known of all the sensory modes. This is partially because it is often lumped with auditory communication, with which it is related. It may also be because it is not as familiar to humans as other sensory modes (we only use it in the final stages of mating), and most people may not even think to ask if an animal is using vibrational communication, especially if it is using another form of communication very conspicuously. The possible vibratory communication through perches of night roosting birds is a good example. Scientific social facilitation is another possible reason; the authors of this book represent a significant fraction of people working in the field; other sensory modes are being researched by 1–2 orders of magnitude more people. Perhaps one reason is that there is not a word describing what we do; I suggest the term ‘‘tremology’’ (the study of tremors, vibrations, etc.). This book aims to redress this absurd lack of attention to an absolutely fascinating subject. Vibratory communication is distinguished from auditory communication in that it is transmitted through solids or the air–water interfaces rather than only through air or water. This may sound like a small and arbitrary difference but it has major consequences for signal design and content. The major difference between vibrations and sounds is that sounds travel long distances through homogeneous media, whereas vibrations generally do not or travel shorter distances before losing their detectability. The distance between any impedance changes in air or water takes place over scales of thousands of wavelengths and hundreds or thousands of meters for sound. In contrast, changes in impedance take place on very small scales in solids, even in less than a wavelength. This means that the effects of the communication environment on the efficacy and evolution of signals are potentially much greater for vibrations compared to sound. In fact, vibratory

vii viii Foreword communication may be the best model system for examining and predicting the effects of the environment on the function and evolution of signals, precisely because environmental effects are so strong. This book provides an encyclopedic introduction to our current (2014) knowledge of vibratory communication or tremology. It covers the amazing diversity of vibration generating mechanisms, signal forms, receptors, neurosci- ence of reception, and some signal processing, in a variety of arthropods and vertebrates. Mollusks and ‘‘minor’’ phyla are not covered but this may be more a matter of unasked questions than a lack of vibratory use. Plants are not covered either, but vibrations are known to trigger pollination mechanisms in many taxa, and could possibly be used by vines for climbing cues. The general questions are addressed in various ways with different taxa as examples: What signals are important to the individual of a particular species? How are they generated? How do they impedance match with the environment for efficient transmission? How do environmental properties and environmental heterogeneity affect transmission from sender to receiver and from sender to eavesdropper (such as a rival or predator)? Does this lead to predictions about the form of vibrational signals under specified conditions? What kinds of receptors are used for detecting and gaining information on identification, distance, and direction, and how do they and the brain extract information? Over what range does detection work and is this used to intentionally communicate at shorter distance to conspecifics than to predators or other eavesdroppers? What is the effect of communication networks on the evolution of signal forms and content? And what are the effects of the environment on the evolution of signals? One of the most interesting but also puzzling aspects of vibratory communi- cation is how small arthropods use vibratory communication to find conspecifics and avoid predators and parasitoids when living on plants. The difficulty of finding a vibration source is not just a matter of noise induced by wind, rain, and vibra- tions from adjacent roads, but also a matter of reverberation. Localization may not be too difficult within a single leaf (as with leaf miners and parasitoids) but it is a difficult and puzzling problem in plant stems. Owing to the complex geometry and small-scale material heterogeneity of branches, the major difference from large homogeneous substrates is that in plants there is no necessary monotonic reduction in amplitude or other signal properties with distance from the signaler. For example, there are significant impedance changes within stems at nodes (denser parts of stems where buds and new branches form), branches, branch tips, and roots and these can result in geometric patterns of both resonance and multiple reflections within the plant. This results in standing waves with wave nodes (zones of very low amplitude at certain frequencies), where the locations of the wave nodes depend on vibration frequency. The consequence is that amplitude may go up and down as an or spider walks across the plant toward a signaler. However, not much is known about how often wave reflections and vibration Foreword ix nodes occur; models are needed which include transmission geometry, impedance change geometry, vibration axes, damping and other transmission loss, and transmission efficiency. The mechanisms of determining location, distance, and direction on plants are largely unknown. Some progress is now being made by modeling various kinds of search and signal reception mechanisms and these show that searches are not simply random trial and error. Given that wave node positions depend on frequency, and different plant species have characteristic architecture (branching geometry), they may provide, on average, a predictable spatial sequence of nodes at different frequencies that might give host specialists clues to distance and direction and, with FM sweeps, the temporal pattern of changing node patterns might also give useful cues. Surprisingly, detailed mapping of spatial distributions of amplitude nodes with frequency over plant architecture is rarely done, and if this were done over the frequency ranges actually used by arthropods, new mechanisms combining frequency and nodal pattern may emerge. We have no idea whether or not there are general geometric nodal patterns generated in plants and how different are different plant species and families, and even the simple (rod) transmission properties are known for very few plant species. All may affect the ability of to specialize or generalize on ranges of plant hosts, their ability to detect invertebrate or vertebrate predators or parasitoids, and the ability of predators and parasitoids to find plant-dwelling prey, and the ability to separate useful signals from noise. There is clearly a lot to be done about distance and direction estimation in vibratory signals on plants. The varying joint use of simultaneous vibratory and auditory signaling mechanisms is discussed at length. One can supplement the other, they can both be used to transmit different signals or both can be used to transmit the same signal content (redundancy) in an effort to reduce noise effects. The conceptual patterns are typical of multimodal signaling in general. However, what is different from other multimodal communication systems is that the two modes can be closely coupled. In many cases the joint use (bimodal signaling) probably coevolved because some sounds produce substrate vibrations, so any species could evolve emphasis on one or the other or both modes. Moreover, in some cases the same mechanisms produce and/or receive both kinds of signals, if so that might provide a constraint to divergence of function and use of the two modes. The transmission properties are so different that both the function (signal design) and purpose (signal content) of simultaneous vibratory and sound signals are often very different. For example, they could be separately used for short and long distance commu- nication, or, due to different ambient noise levels, some may signal yes/no information (as in species and sex recognition) and others provide more detailed signal content (as in mate or territorial assessment). This book will be valuable to anyone interested in vibratory communication but will also be valuable to anyone interested in the evolution of communication x Foreword because the environmental effects on communication are covered more thoroughly here than they are in other sensory modes. Historians of Science will also find this a landmark book in the development of a new science because it gives a complete early history of the subject and the field is now just starting to expand rapidly. Perhaps the most valuable part of the book is the host of interesting and important unanswered questions it raises.

John A. Endler Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University Waurn Ponds, Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Hannelore Hoch, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für allgemeine und angewandte Entomologie (German Society for General and Applied Entomology), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) for sponsoring the symposium on vibrational communication, organized by AW and MG, which was the impetus for this volume. We appreciate the patience and kind cooperation of Andrea Schlitzberger, our Project Coordinator at Springer. RC thanks the National Science Foundation (IOB 0820533) for support.

Reginald B. Cocroft Matija Gogala Peggy S. M. Hill Andreas Wessel

xi Contents

Part I Studying Vibrational Communication: Ideas, Concepts and History

1 Fostering Research Progress in a Rapidly Growing Field...... 3 Reginald B. Cocroft, Matija Gogala, Peggy S. M. Hill and Andreas Wessel

2 Stretching the Paradigm or Building a New? Development of a Cohesive Language for Vibrational Communication ...... 13 Peggy S. M. Hill

3 Sound or Vibration, an Old Question of Insect Communication ...... 31 Matija Gogala

4 Hildegard Strübing: A Pioneer in Vibrational Communication Research ...... 47 Andreas Wessel

5 Sound Production: The Crucial Factor for Mate Finding in (Homoptera: ) (Preliminary Communication)...... 53 Hildegard Strübing

Part II The State of the Field: Concepts and Frontiers in Vibrational Communication

6 Interactions Between Airborne Sound and Substrate Vibration in Animal Communication...... 65 Michael S. Caldwell

xiii xiv Contents

7 Vibrational Communication Networks: Eavesdropping and Biotic Noise ...... 93 Meta Virant-Doberlet, Valerio Mazzoni, Maarten de Groot, Jernej Polajnar, Andrea Lucchi, William O. C. Symondson and Andrej Cˇ okl

8 Active Space and the Role of Amplitude in Plant-Borne Vibrational Communication ...... 125 Valerio Mazzoni, Anna Eriksson, Gianfranco Anfora, Andrea Lucchi and Meta Virant-Doberlet

9 Mutual Behavioral Adjustment in Vibrational Duetting ...... 147 Rafael L. Rodríguez and Flavia Barbosa

10 Communication Through Plants in a Narrow Frequency Window ...... 171 Andrej Cˇ okl, Maja Zorovic´, Alenka Zˇ unicˇ Kosi, Nataša Stritih and Meta Virant-Doberlet

Part III Practical Issues in Studying Vibrational Communication

11 Physical Aspects of Vibrational Communication ...... 199 Axel Michelsen

12 The Role of Wave and Substrate Heterogeneity in Vibratory Communication: Practical Issues in Studying the Effect of Vibratory Environments in Communication...... 215 Damian O. Elias and Andrew C. Mason

13 Vibrational Playback Experiments: Challenges and Solutions.... 249 Reginald B. Cocroft, Jennifer Hamel, Quang Su and Jeremy S. Gibson

Part IV Vibration Detection and Orientation

14 Functional Morphology and Evolutionary Diversity of Vibration Receptors in Insects ...... 277 Reinhard Lakes-Harlan and Johannes Strauß

15 Echolocation in Whirligig Beetles Using Surface Waves: An Unsubstantiated Conjecture...... 303 Jonathan Voise and Jérôme Casas Contents xv

16 Sand-Borne Vibrations in Prey Detection and Orientation of Antlions ...... 319 Dušan Devetak

Part V Biology and Evolution of Vibrational Communication in Some Well-Studied Taxa

17 Mechanical Signals in Honeybee Communication...... 333 Axel Michelsen

18 Vibratory Communication in Stingless Bees (Meliponini): The Challenge of Interpreting the Signals ...... 349 Michael Hrncir and Friedrich G. Barth

19 The Role of Frequency in Vibrational Communication of Orthoptera...... 375 Nataša Stritih and Andrej Cˇ okl

20 The Tymbal: Evolution of a Complex Vibration-Producing Organ in the Tymbalia ( excl. ) ...... 395 Andreas Wessel, Roland Mühlethaler, Viktor Hartung, Valerija Kuštor and Matija Gogala

Alphabetical Taxa Index ...... 445

Systematic Family and Species Index ...... 455 Alphabetical Taxa Index

A Ancistrura nigrovittata, 291 Aacanthocnema dobsoni, 166 Anoscopus flavostriatus, 433. See also , 425 Aphrodes flavostriatus , 39, 173, 431 Anostostomatidae, 378 Acanthosomidae, 413 , 428 , 425 Antlions, 9, 115, 220, 295, 319–330. See also Achilixidae, 425 Myrmeleontidae Acridoidea, 376 Ants, 17, 19, 23, 206, 288, 322 Acrosternum hilare, 103, 105, 135, 164 Anurogryllus arboreus, 223 Acrosternum impicticorne, 164 , 430 Adomerus biguttatus, 434. See also Aphis fabae, 399, 433 Sehirus biguttatus Aphodius ater, 163 Aechmea bractea, 97 Aphrodes, 22, 115, 407 Aechmea magdalenae, 130 Aphrodes bicinctus, 407, 433 Aelia acuminata, 413, 433 Aphrodes bifasciatus, 407, 433. See also , 429 Planaphrodes bifasciatus Aepophilidae, 430 Aphrodes flavostriatus, 407, 433. See also , 428 Anoscopus flavostriatus Aetalioninae, 428 Aphrodes makarovi, 113, 115, 163 African elephants, 68, 79, 82. See also Aphrodes trifasciatus, 407, 433. See also Loxodonta africana Planaphrodes trifasciatus Agallia brachyptera, 403, 407, 433 , 407, 426 Agallia venosa, 407, 433. See also , 403, 406, 407, 426 Anaceratagallia venosa Apidae, 349, 350 Agalliinae, 135, 403, 407, 418, 426 Apis mellifera, 288, 333, 360–369. See also Agalychnis callidryas, 70, 71, 96 Honey bee Alderflies, 17 Apis mellifica, 289. See also Apis mellifera Aleurothrixus floccosus, 163 Aquarius paludum, 293 Aleyrodidae, 163, 419 , 175, 431 , 173, 175, 431 Araeopidae, 406. See also Ambush bug, 43, 105. See also Araneae, 108, 304 Phymata crassipes Araneus sericatus, 85. See also Ametrus, 378 Larinioides sclopetarius Amphibians, 5, 48, 79, 105, 304 Araneus diadematus, 89 Amrasca biguttula, 433. See also Argiope keyserlingi, 14 Empoasca devastans Arma custos, 413, 433 Amrasca devastans, 105, 133. See also Arthropoda, 4, 6, 13–18, 19, 20, 22, 25, 69, Amrasca biguttula 78–80, 94–96, 98, 102, 107, 108, 111, Anaceratagallia venosa, 433. See also 125, 126, 130, 132, 140, 178, 304, 319, Agallia venosa 320, 322, 326, 395

R. B. Cocroft et al. (eds.), Studying Vibrational Communication, 445 Animal Signals and Communication 3, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43607-3, Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 446 Alphabetical Taxa Index

Asian elephants, 68, 83 Canthophorus melanopterus, 414, 433 Asopinae, 173, 175, 413 Carausius morosus, 286 Assassin bug, 100. See also Carpocoris pudicus, 413, 433 Stenolemus bituberus Cave crickets, 18, 297, 375, 376, 378–380, Asteloeca ujhelyii, 223 382, 384, 387, 389. See also Athysanus argentatus, 407, 433 Troglophilus neglectus Atta, 200 Cenocorixa, 433 Auchenorrhyncha, 7, 19, 20, 23, 40, 42, 47, 49, Cenocorixa blaisdelli, 423, 433 53, 107, 133, 401, 405–422. See also Cenocorixa expleta, 423, 433 ; Fulgoromorpha Centronodinae, 427 Aviorrhyncha magnifica, 421, 433 Centrotinae, 427 Aviorrhynchidae, 421 Centrotus cornutus, 407, 433 Cerambycid beetles, 19 , 429 B Cercis canadensis, 180 Backswimmers, 293, 304. See also , 108, 406, 407, 426 Cercopoidea, 426 Banana, 97, 180. See also Musa sapientum Chameleons, 5 Bees, 10, 18, 350. See also honeybees; Cherry leaf-roller, 19 stingless bees Chlorochroa ligata, 174, 175 Beet , 410. See Circulifer tenellus Chlorochroa uhleri, 175 , 430 Chlorochroa sayi, 175 , 431 Chloropidae, 108 Bindweed, 139 Choeroparnops gigliotosi, 379 Birds, 5, 59, 65, 69, 76, 79, 105, 162, 189, 265 Chrysopa, 42 Biturritinae, 428 Chrysoperla, 161, 286, 296 Black bean , 399. See also Aphis fabae Chrysoperla carnea, 223, 288–290, 293 Bladder , 200. See also Cystosoma Chrysoperla nipponensis type A, 166 Blattodea, 286, 287 Chrysoperla nipponensis type B, 166 Blue jay, 70. See also Cyanocitta cristata Chrysopidae, 166 Bombini, 358, 367 Cicada, 10, 19, 20, 23, 24, 32, 43, 50, 57, 59, Bombus terrestris, 358, 367 70, 77, 83, 84, 105, 200, 395, 396, Bromeliaceae, 97, 130. See also Aechmea spp. 398–401, 404–406, 408, 411, 413–415, Bumblebees, 9, 367 423, 424. See also Cicadidae; Burrower bugs, 175, 179, 183, 209, 217. Cicadoidea See also Cicadella atropunctata, 407, 433. See also Bushcrickets, 17, 31, 33, 35, 36, 38, 40, 105, atropunctata 111, 185, 286, 290, 296, 377–384, 387, Cicadella viridis, 403, 434. See also 389 Tettigella viridis Butterflies, 396, 398. See also Lepidoptera Cicadellidae, 40, 108, 156, 157, 163, 405–408, 426 Cicadellinae, 403, 407, 426 C Cicadidae, 42, 57, 59, 399, 407, 411, 414, 426 Caelifera, 286, 287, 292, 376, 377 Cicadinae, 426 Caliscelidae, 425 Cicadoidea, 395, 396, 398–401, 405, Caliscelinae, 410 418, 426, 434 Calligypona, 57, 59, 60 Cicadomorpha, 40–42, 395, 405, 419–421, 426 Calligypona lugubrina, 49, 53, 56, 57, 60. See , 428 also Struebingianella lugubrina , 428 Calligypona adela, 60. See also Circulifer tenellus, 410, 433 Paraliburnia adela , 139, 163, 406, 425 Camponotus ligniperda, 289 , 426 Canopidae, 431 Cockroaches, 78, 186, 288 Canthophorus dubius, 414, 433 Coenobita clypeatus, 100 Alphabetical Taxa Index 447

Coleoptera, 163, 286, 304 Diplocolenus abdominalis, 407, 433. See also , 19, 412, 415, 417, Verdanus abdominalis 419–421, 428 , 429 Colletes cunicularius, 358 , 429 , 175, 431 Diptera, 278, 283, 286, 293, 294 Colorado potato beetle, 134. See also Docidocercus gigliotosi, 130, 378 Leptinotarsa decemlineata Dolycoris baccarum, 413, 433 Comicus calcaris, 289 Doratura, 411 Conocephalus nigripleurum, 111 Doratura homophyla, 407, 433 Copiphora brevirostris, 379 Doratura stylata, 49, 57, 407, 409, 433 , 175, 431 Dorycephalinae, 407, 427 Corimelaenidae, 431 Drepana, 19 Corisella tarsalis, 423, 433 Drosophila, 280–282, 284, 285, 295, 306 , 423, 430 Drosophila melanogaster, 286 Corixinae, 423 Dung beetles, 19 Cotesia marginiventris, 236 Cricket, 31, 32, 33, 36, 40, 42, 60, 187, 200, 223, 286, 288, 290, 291, 294–296, 377, E 378, 380, 382, 384, 387, 389. See also Elasmucha grisea, 413, 433 Gryllus Elephants, 5, 18, 68, 69, 75, 85, 220. See also Criomorphus albomarginatus, 98 African elephants; Asian elephants Crustacea, 69, 78, 108, 281 Elymana sulphurella, 434. See also Ctenidae, 108 Solenopyx sulphurellus Cuniculina impigra, 286 Empoasca devastans, 406, 433. See also Cupiennius getazi, 109 Amrasca biguttula Cupiennius salei, 134, 179, 186 Empoasca rufescens, 407, 433. See also Cyanocitta cristata, 70 Kybos rufescens Cydnidae, 14, 38, 39, 173, 175, 179, 183, 414, Empoasca smaragdula, 407, 433. See also 415, 431, 432. See also Cydnid bug Kybos smaragdula Cydnid bug, 7, 200, 202, 417 Empoasca sordidula, 407, 433. See also Cyperus, 130, 141, 181, 182 Kybos sordidulus Cypselosomatidae, 108 Empoasca strigilifera, 407, 433. See also Cystosoma, 200 Kybos strigilifer Cystosoma saundersii, 403, 433 Empoasca virgator, 407, 433. See also Kybos virgator Enchenopa binotata, 98, 99, 148, 164, 180, D 221, 223, 262 Darninae, 427 Enchenopa binotata ‘Celastrus’, 164 Death-watch beetle, 24 Enchenopa binotata ‘Cercis’, 164, 223 Decticus, 377 Enchenopa binotata ‘Ptelea’, 103, 111, Decticus albifrons, 384 164, 223 Decticus verrucivorus, 278, 383, 384 Enchenopa binotata ‘Viburnum rufidulum’, Deinacridinae, 378 164 Delphacidae, 40, 59, 108, 403, 405, 406, Endoiastinae, 427 408, 409, 418, 425 , 429 , 410 Enicocephalomorpha, 429 Delphax adela, 60. See also Ennya chrysura, 110 Paraliburnia adela Enoplognatha ovata, 113, 115 Deltocephalinae, 135, 407–409, 427 Enoplops scapha, 175 , 405, 425 Ensifera, 21, 282, 283, 286, 287, 290–292, Dicranotropis hamata, 403, 433 295–297, 375–380, 382–384, 387, 389 Dictyophara europaea, 40 Ephippiger, 377 , 425 Ephippiger ephippiger, 67, 378, 389 , 431 , 426 448 Alphabetical Taxa Index

Erianthus versicolor, 376 Ghost crabs, 17, 19 Euacanthus, 407 Glyceria aquatica, 49, 56 Euacanthus interruptus, 407, 433. See also Gnathoclita sodalis, 111 Evacanthus interruptus Graminella nigrifrons, 107, 139 Euhemiptera, 420, 421. See also Tymbalia Grapevine, 130, 131, 136, 139 Euides speciosa, 40 Grapevine leafhopper, 24, 129. See also Eumastacoidea, 376 Scaphoideus titanus cuspidata, 433. See also Graphocephala atropunctata, 163 Eupelix depressa f. cuspidata Graphocraerus ventralis, 407, 433 Eupelix depressa f. cuspidata, 407, 433. Graptosaltria nigrofuscata, 401, 433 See also Eupelix cuspidata Grass cicada, 200. See also Tympanistalna Eupteryx, 130 Grasshopper, 10, 32, 200, 376. See also Eupteryx atropunctata, 433. See also Omocestus Cicadella atropunctata Groundhoppers, 18, 376 Eupteryx melissae, 406, 433 Gryllacrididae, 21, 166, 297, 377 Euroleon nostras, 320, 321, 323 Gryllacrids, 17 , 425 Gryllotalpa, 200. See also Mole cricket Eurydema oleraceum, 413, 433 Gryllotalpa major, 67, 111, 377 Euscelidius variegatus, 203 Gryllotalpidae, 377 Euscelis incisus, 40, 41, 410, 433. See also Gryllus bimaculatus, 288, 377 Euscelis plebeius Gryllus campestris, 33, 37, 200, 384, 289 Euscelis lineolatus, 180, 203 Gyrinidae, 304 Euscelis ononidis, 410, 433 Gyrinus substriatus, 306 Euscelis plebeius, 407, 433. See also Euscelis incisus Euscelis variegatus, 180. See also H Euscelidius variegatus Habronattus dossenus, 225, 227 Euschistus heros, 112, 164, 174, 175 Hackeriella veitchi, 417, 434 Evacanthus interruptus, 403, 433. See also Hadrogryllacris, 378, 166 Euacanthus interruptus Hairy , 405. See also Eysarcoris venustissimus, 434. See also Hebridae, 429 Stollia fabricii Hecalinae, 427 Eysarcoris, 414, 433. See also Stollia Hedera helix, 129 Heelwalkers, 17, 21, 175. See also Mantophasmatodea F Heliconia, 379 Fiddler crabs, 17, 207, 220, 323 , 430 Fieberiellini, 135 Hemelytrata, 420, 421. See also Tymbalia Fishes, 5, 69, 79, 304 Hemideina femorata, 289, 378, 382 , 108, 164, 425 Hemiptera, 19, 31, 38, 41–43, 135, 148, 149, Formica, 322 163, 288, 395, 399, 400, 401, 409, 414, Frogs, 69, 79, 189, 223 419, 420, 423 , 40, 425 Hermatobatidae, 430 Fulgoromorpha, 40, 41, 395, 405, Heteronotinae, 427 419–421, 425 , 31, 38–41, 43, 171–173, 175, 177, 179, 183, 186, 187, 191, 288, 304, 412, 415, 417–421, 423, 428 G Heteropteroidea, 395, 419, 420 Gampsocleis gratiosa, 380 Hibiscus, 378 , 430 Hierodula membranacea, 287, 289 Gengidae, 425 Holcostethus abbreviatus, 174 Geocorisae, 39 Homalodisca liturata, 163 , 304, 429 Homoptera, 53, 406, 414, 419, 420 , 429 Homotrixa alleni, 278 Alphabetical Taxa Index 449

Honeybees, 9, 199, 211, 222, 223, 263, 288, Kawanaphila nartee, 111 290, 333, 336, 337, 349, 350, 352, 353, , 425 356, 357, 360–363, 365–369. See also Kybos rufescens, 433. See also Emrufescens Apis mellifera Kybos smaragdula, 433. See also Hornets, 19 Empoasca smaragdula Hyalesthes obsoletus, 130, 137, 139, 163 Kybos sordidulus, 433. See also , 430 Empoasca sordidula Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata, 107, 225 Kybos strigilifer, 433. See also Hymenelytrata, 420 Empoasca strigilifera , 431 Kybos virgator, 433. See also Hypochthonellidae, 425 Empoasca virgator Hypsipterygidae, 429

L I Lacewings, 18, 21, 161, 223, 286, 288. Iassinae, 427 See also Neuroptera Ichneumonidae, 296 , 175, 431 Idiocerinae, 403, 407, 427 Larinioides sclopetarius. See also Idiocerus albicans, 407, 434. See also Araneus sericatus Populicerus albicans , 428 Idiocerus elegans, 407, 434. See also Leaf- and planthoppers, 395, 401, 403. Metidiocerus elegans See Non-cicadoid Auchenorrhyncha Idiocerus lituratus, 403, 407, 434 Leaf-cutting ants, 200, 206. See also Atta Idiocerus stigmaticalis, 407, 434 , 14, 15, 22, 57, 75, 100, 105, Idiocerus, 407 107, 109, 113, 115, 125, 133, 173, Idiostolidae, 431 217, 405, 406, 408, 410, 417. Insects, 9, 18, 19, 31–33, 35, 38, 42, 44, See also Non-cicadoid 69–71, 77, 78, 94, 115, 130–132, 136, Auchenorrhyncha 140, 147, 156, 160–162, 172, 173, 178, Ledra, 407 179, 182, 186, 189, 200, 202, 204, 206, Ledra aurita, 407, 434 211, 250, 254–256, 260, 261, 265, 277, Ledrinae, 407, 427 279–281, 285–288, 293, 294, 296, 304, Lepidoptera, 19, 288, 398 326, 358, 379 Leptinotarsa decemlineata, 134 Invertebrates, 7, 23, 32, 38, 225, 250, 265, 266 Leptodactylus albilabris, 68, 111. See also Isophya, 377 White-lipped frog , 425 , 430 Israeli mole rat, 17 , 430 Lestoniidae, 431 Liburnia, 60 J Limotettix striatulus, 407, 434. See also Jassidae, 406 Ophiola decumana Jassinae, 406 Liogryllus campestris, 33, 35. See also Jerusalem crickets, 17, 21, 377, 378. See also Gryllus campestris Stenopelmatidae Lizard, 206 Joppeicidae, 428 Locusta migratoria, 383 Jumping spiders, 113, 115, 224 Locusts, 60, 80, 185, 201, 280, 283, 286, 290, Juncus effusus, 178 291, 294, 295, 382, 383, 387 , 425 Loxodonta africana, 68, 77 K Lycosa, 82 Karoophasma biedouwense, 289 Lycosidae, 108 Katydids, 5, 17, 18, 67, 69, 77, 78, 80, 85, 175. , 428 See also bushcrickets , 431, 432 450 Alphabetical Taxa Index

M Metcalfa pruinosa, 164 , 426 Metidiocerus elegans, 434. See also Macropsinae, 135, 407, 427 Idiocerus elegans Macropsis cerea, 434. See also , 428 Macropsis planicollis , 428, 429 Macropsis fuscinervis, 407, 434 Mole crickets, 22, 67, 69, 83, 111, 200, 220, Macropsis planicollis, 407, 434. See also 377. See also Gryllotalpa Macropsis cerea Mosquitos, 150 Macropsis tiliae, 407, 434. See also Moss bugs, 395, 412, 417. See also Pediopsis tiliae Coleorrhyncha Macrosteles cristatus, 407, 434 Murgantia histrionica, 174, 180 , 430 Musa sapientum, 97 Macustus grisescens, 407, 434 , 428 Magicicada. See Periodical cicadas Myophyllum speciosum, 378 , 432 Myrmeleon, 319 Mammals, 5, 17, 69, 74, 79 Myrmeleon crudelis, 327 Manduca sexta, 283, 288 Myrmeleontidae, 115, 319 Mantodea, 287, 290 Mantophasmatodea, 21, 175, 286, 292, 293 Manuka tree, 378 N Mealworm, 322, 327. See also , 412, 429 Tenebrio molitor Nannotrigona, 368 Mecopoda elongata, 283, 287, 288 Nannotrigona testaceicornis, 355, 357, 359 Medocostidae, 428 , 430 , 425 Neophilaenus campestris, 403, 434 Megarididae, 432 , 430 Megophthalminae, 407, 427 , 430 Megophthalmus scanicus, 434. See also Neuroptera, 21, 115, 166, 286, 288, 296 Paropia scanica Nezara viridula, 102, 103, 105, 106, 129–131, Melipona, 353, 356, 357, 363, 368 133, 141, 165, 173–175, 178, 180, 181, Melipona bicolor, 353, 355, 357, 359, 362 183–190, 222, 286, 288, 289, 414, 415, Melipona costaricensis, 353, 355, 359 417, 434. See also Southern green Melipona fasciata, 353 stinkbug Melipona fasciculata, 359 Nicomiinae, 428 Melipona flavolineata, 359 Nilaparvata lugens, 105, 110, 130, 410, 434. Melipona fuliginosa, 359 See also Rice brown Melipona mandacaia, 353, 355, 357, 359 , 425 Melipona marginata, 359 Nolidae, 398 Melipona melanoventer, 359 Non-cicadoid Auchenorrhyncha, 405, 406, Melipona panamica, 351, 353, 357, 359, 365 411. See also leaf- and planthopper Melipona quadrifasciata, 351, 353, 359, 367 Non-sternorrhynchous hemipterans, 420. See Melipona rufiventris, 352, 355, 359 Tymbalia Melipona scutellaris, 359, 361, 362–365 Notonecta glauca, 293 Melipona seminigra, 351, 353, 355, 356, 358, Notonectidae, 304, 430 359–363, 366, 367 Meliponini, 349–369 Melizoderidae, 428 O Membracid (), 254, 407. See also , 430 Membracidae Ocypodidae, 108 Membracidae, 108, 148, 149, 157, 164, 252, Oebalus pugnax, 414, 434. See also 254, 288, 294, 427 Rice stink bug Membracinae, 427 Oedipodinae, 376 , 426 Okanagana rimosa, 44, 70, 77, 84 , 430 Omaniidae, 430 Alphabetical Taxa Index 451

Omocestus, 200 Phasmatodea, 292 Oncopsis alni, 407, 434 Phasmida, 21 Oncopsis flavicollis, 407, 434 Phidippus clarus, 113 Oncopsis tristis, 407, 434 Philodendron, 76 Ophiola decumana, 434. See also , 432 Limotettix striatulus Pholidoptera aptera, 33, 35, 36, 43 Opsius stactogalus, 407, 434 Phormia regina, 278 Ormia ochracea, 42 Phyllonorycter malella, 134 Orthoptera, 9, 10, 32, 166, 281, 282, 285, 287, Phymata crassipes, 43, 44, 105 289, 293, 295, 296, 375–390 Picromerus bidens, 413, 434 Orthopteroidea, 380 , 175, 432 Orussidae, 296 Piezodorus guildinii, 112, 165 Orussus abietinus, 289 Piezodorus lituratus, 175 Ostariophysi, 79 Pisauridae, 304 Oxyrhanchinae, 428 Planaphrodes bifasciatus, 433. See also Oxytrigona, 367 Aphrodes bifasciatus Planaphrodes trifasciatus, 433. See also Aphrodes trifasciatus P Plant- and leafhoppers, 48, 50, 60, 405, 407, Pachynomidae, 429 417. See also Non-cicadoid Pagiphora, 43 Auchenorrhyncha Palomena prasina, 413, 434 Planthoppers, 18, 40, 48, 49, 53–61, 113, 115, Palomena viridissima, 413, 434 125, 133, 201, 227. See also Paraliburnia, 60 Non-cicadoid Auchenorrhyncha Paraliburnia adela, 60. See also Plataspididae, 432 Delphax adela Platymetopinii, 135 Paraliburnia jacobseni, 60. See also Platypleura capensis, 400, 434 Delphax adela Platypleura capitata, 399, 400, 434 Paraphrynoveliidae, 430 Platypleura kaempferi, 404, 434 Parasitoid flies, 42, 84 Platypleura octoguttata, 400, 434 Parasitoid wasps, 77, 96, 98, 133, 134, 221, Platypleurinae, 399, 426 236, 280, 288, 296, 326 Plecoptera, 292 , 175, 432 , 431 Pardosa, 115 Plokiophilidae, 429 Paropia scanica, 407, 434. See also Plumbago, 176, 180, 189 Megophthalmus scanicus Podisus maculiventris, 176, 177, 180, 189 Paruroctonus, 323 , 429 Paruroctonus mesaensis, 81 Polysarcus denticauda, 382, 383 Pediopsis tiliae, 434. See also Macropsis tiliae Populicerus albicans, 434. See also , 417, 428 Idiocerus albicans Peloridium hammoniorum, 418, 434 Potamocoridae, 431 Pentatoma rufipes, 413, 434 Prairie mole crickets, 67, 83, 111. See also , 39, 108, 156, 164, 171–173, Gryllotalpa major 175, 178, 413, 432 Praying mantis, 42 Pentatominae, 173, 176, 189, 412, 413, 414 Primates, 80 , 423 Prokelisia, 115 Pentatomorpha, 431 Psammotettix cephalotes, 407, 434 Penthimiinae, 427 Psyllids, 19, 133 Periodical cicadas, 401. See also Magicicada , 419 Periplaneta americana, 288 Ptelea trifoliata, 99 Perkinsiella saccharicida, 405, 434 , 432 Phalangopsid cricket, 14 Pyrrhocoris apterus, 183, 322, 323 452 Alphabetical Taxa Index

R Singing cicadas, 50, 57, 395, 399, 411. See Raphidophoridae, 297 Cicadoidea Raspy crickets, 21, 377, 378. See also Sipyloidea sipylus, 289 Gryllacrididae Small cicadas, 31, 180, 203, 212. See also Red-eyed tree frog, 5, 18, 96. See also Non-cicadoid Auchenorrhyncha Agalychnis callidryas Smiliinae, 428 , 429 Snakes, 5, 79, 80, 96, 97 Reduvius personatus, 412, 434 Solenopyx sulphurellus, 407, 434. See also Reptiles, 5 Elymana sulphurella , 432 Southern green stink bug, 102, 178, 180, 183, Ribautodelphax, 102 414. See also Nezara viridula Ribautiana ulmi, 435. See also Soybean, 179 Typhlocyba ulmi Sparassidae, 108 , 425 Speudotettix subfusculus, 407, 434 Rice brown planthopper, 410. See also Sphingid moths, 42 Nilaparvata lugens Spiders, 17–19, 21, 69, 79, 82, 83, 99, 113, Rice stink bug, 414. See Oebalus pugnax 115, 130, 221, 224–226, 250, 326 Rodents, 5 Splay-footed crickets, 21, 378. See also Schizodactylidae Stegaspidinae, 428 S Stegelytrinae, 427 Saileriolidae, 432 Stemmocryptidae, 429 , 430 Stenocephalidae, 432 Saltatoria, 33 Stenolemus bituberus, 100 Salticid spiders, 99 Stenopelmatidae, 21, 297, 378 Scaphoideus titanus, 76, 109, 110, 125, Stenopelmatus, 287, 291 129–132, 135–139, 141, 163, 410 Sternorrhyncha, 395, 412, 419, 420 Scaptocoris castanea, 175, 179 Stick insects, 21, 286 Scaptocoris carvalhoi, 175, 179, 217 Stictocephala bisonia, 288, 289 Scaptotrigona aff. depilis, 357, 359 Stinging nettle, 130, 139, 140 Scaptotrigona postica, 359 Stingless bees, 9, 349–369. See also Scarabaeidae, 163 Meliponini Scelionidae, 112 Stinkbugs, 8, 19, 112, 113, 171, 172, 173, 174, Schedotrioza, 166 175, 182, 183, 186, 189, 326, 377 Schedotrioza apicobystra, 166 Stollia, 414, 433. See also Eysarcoris Schedotrioza distorta, 166 Stollia fabricii, 412, 434. See also Schedotrioza marginata, 166 Eysarcoris venustissimus Schedotrioza multitudinea, 166 Streptanus aemulans, 407, 434 Schistocerca gregaria, 287, 289, 387 Streptanus marginatus, 407, 434 Schizocosa ocreata, 71, 76, 83, 85, 105, Struebingianella (Calligypona) lugubrina, 49, 113, 226 60. See also Calligypona lugubrina Schizocosa retrorsa, 224, 233 Struebingianella, 60 Schizocosa rovneri, 85 Sympiesis sericeicornis, 77, 134 Schizocosa stridulans, 224, 225 Schizodactylidae, 21, 297, 378 , 429 T Schwarziana bipunctata, 359 Tachinid fly, 42 Sciocoris cursitans, 412, 434 Telenomus podisi, 112 Scorpions, 21, 24, 79, 81, 82, 133, 199, 206, Tenebrio molitor, 322 207, 220, 323, 326 , 432 , 173, 175, 432 , 14, 220, 288, 389 Sehirus biguttatus, 414, 434. See also , 175, 432 Adomerus biguttatus Tetragonisca angustula, 359 Semiothisa aemulataria, 96, 98, 134 Tetrigoidea, 376 Alphabetical Taxa Index 453

Tetrix, 376 Tymbaled superclade, 419. See also Tymbalia Tetrix bolivari, 376 Tymbalia, 10, 395, 399, 418–421, 424, 425 Tetrix ceperoi, 376 Tympanistalna, 200 Tettigarcta, 406 Typhlocyba ulmi, 408, 435. See also Tettigarcta crinita, 405, 434 Ribautiana ulmi Tettigarcta tomentosa, 405, 434 Typhlocyba, 405, 435 Tettigarctidae, 42, 405, 426 Typhlocybidae, 406 Tettigella viridis, 407, 434. See also Typhlocybinae, 135, 405–408, 418, 427, 435 Cicadella viridis Tettigia, 415, 434 , 425 U Tettigonia, 377 Uca, 323 Tettigonia cantans, 67, 77, 82, 383 Umbonia crassicornis, 133, 134, 264 Tettigoniidae, 108, 282, 283, 292, 295, Ulopidae, 406, 428 297, 377 , 432 Thamnotettix confinis, 407, 435 Thamnotrizon apterus, 33, 35. See also Pholidoptera aptera V Thaumastellidae, 175, 432 Vanduzea arquata, 111, 151 Thaumastocoridae, 429 , 430 Therobia leonidei, 42 Velocipedidae, 429 Thesium bavarum, 178 Verdanus abdominalis, 433. See also Thyanta custator accerra, 165 Diplocolenus abdominalis Thyanta pallidovirens, 165 Vertebrates, 5, 7, 13, 15, 18, 23, 32, 43, 69, 79, Thyanta perditor, 165 96, 189, 220, 250 Tibicinidae, 403, 426 Tiger moths, 19 , 429 W Toktok beetles, 295 Water boatmen, 423. See also Corixidae Trachelipus rathkii, 322 Water bugs, 19 Treehoppers, 130, 134, 135, 141, 182, 226, Water striders, 280, 293, 295, 304. See also 227, 254, 262–264 Gerridae Trigona, 359, 367 Wetas, 18, 290, 294, 295, 378 Trigona jaty, 359. See also Whirligig beetles, 9, 303–316 Tetratrigona angustula Whiteflies, 18. See also Aleyrodidae Trigona rustica, 359. See also White-lipped frog, 68, 81, 83, 111. See also Scaptotrigona postica Leptodactylus albilabris Tritomegas bicolor, 40, 414, 435 Wolf spiders, 23, 82, 115, 208, 209, 224, 226, Trioza, 166 227, 262, 265 , 166 Woodlouse, 322, 327. See also Trachelipus Troglophilus neglectus, 289, 378, 379, 381, rathkii 382, 384, 385, 387, 388 , 426 True Bugs, 395, 412, 414, 417, 421, 423. X See also Heteroptera Xenophyes cascus, 418, 435 Tylopelta gibbera, 107, 109, 131, 252, 261 Xestocephalinae, 427 Tymbal bugs, 419. See also Tymbalia Systematic Family and Species Index

Invertebrata, 7, 23, 32, 38, 225, 250, 265, 266 Schizocosa rovneri Uetz & Dondale, 1979, Arthropoda, 4, 6, 13–18, 19, 20, 22, 25, 69, 85 78–80, 94–96, 98, 102, 107, 108, 111, Schizocosa stridulans Stratton, 1984, 224, 125, 126, 130, 132, 140, 178, 304, 319, 225 320, 322, 326, 395 Sparassidae, 108 Arachnida Theridiidae Scorpiones, 21, 24, 79, 81, 82, 133, 199, 206, Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757), 113, 207, 220, 323, 326 115 Vaejovidae Crustacea, 69, 78, 108, 281 Paruroctonus, 323 Isopoda Paruroctonus mesaensis (Stahnke, 1957), Oniscidea, 322, 327 81 Trachelipodidae Araneae, 17–19, 21, 69, 79, 82, 83, 99, 108, Trachelipus rathkii (Brandt, 1833), 322 113, 115, 130, 221, 224–226, 250, 304, Decapoda 326 Coenobitidae Araneidae Coenobita clypeatus (Fabricius, 1787), 100 Araneus sericatus = Larinioides sclope- Ocypodidae, 17, 19, 108, 207, 220, 323 tarius (Clerck, 1757), 85 Uca, 323 Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757, 89 Insecta, 9, 18, 19, 31–33, 35, 38, 42, 44, Argiope keyserlingi Karsch, 1878, 14 69–71, 77, 78, 94, 115, 130–132, 136, Ctenidae, 108 140, 147, 156, 160–162, 172, 173, 178, Cupiennius getazi Simon, 1891, 109 179, 182, 186, 189, 200, 202, 204, 206, Cupiennius salei (Keyserling, 1877), 134, 211, 250, 254–256, 260, 261, 265, 277, 179, 186 279–281, 285–288, 293, 294, 296, 304, Lycosidae, 23, 82, 108, 115, 208, 209, 224, 326, 358, 379 226, 227, 262, 265 Plecoptera, 292 Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata (Ohlert, 1865), Mantophasmatodea, 17, 21, 175, 286, 292, 107, 225 293 Lycosa, 82 Austrophasmatidae Pardosa, 115 Karoophasma biedouwense Klass et al. Pisauridae, 304 2003, 289 Salticidae, 99, 113, 115, 224 Mantodea, 42, 287, 290 Habronattus dossenus Griswold, 1987, Mantidae 225, 227 Hierodula membranacea (Burmeister, Phidippus clarus Keyserling, 1885, 113 1838), 287, 289 Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz, 1842), 71, 76, Blattodea, 78, 186, 286–288 83, 85, 105, 113, 226 Blattidae Schizocosa retrorsa (Banks, 1911), 224, Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758), 233 288

R. B. Cocroft et al. (eds.), Studying Vibrational Communication, 455 Animal Signals and Communication 3, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43607-3, Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 456 Systematic Family and Species Index

Isoptera, 14, 220, 288, 389 Decticus verrucivorus (Linnaeus, 1758), Orthopteroidea, 380 278, 383, 384 Phasmatodea, 21, 286, 292 Docidocercus gigliotosi (Griffini, 1896), Diapheromeridae 130, 378 Carausius morosus (Sinéty, 1901), 286 Ephippiger, 377 Sipyloidea sipylus (Westwood, 1859), 289 Ephippiger ephippiger (Fiebig, 1784), 67, Phasmatidae 378, 389 Cuniculina impigra = Ramulus impigrus Gampsocleis gratiosa Brunner von (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907), 286 Wattenwyl, 1862, 380 Saltatoria (Orthoptera), 9, 10, 32, 33, 166, Gnathoclita sodalis Brunner von 200, 281, 282, 285, 287, 289, 293, 295, Wattenwyl, 1895, 111 296, 375–390 Isophya, 377 Ensifera, 21, 282, 283, 286, 287, 290–292, Kawanaphila nartee Rentz, 1993, 111 295–297, 375–380, 382–384, 387, 389 Mecopoda elongata (Linnaeus, 1758), 283, Anostostomatidae, 378 287, 288 Hemideina femorata Hutton, 1896, 289, Myopophyllum speciosum Beier 1960, 378 378, 382 Pholidoptera aptera (Fabricius, 1793), 33, Gryllacrididae, 17, 21, 166, 297, 377, 378 35, 36, 43 Ametrus, 378 Polysarcus denticauda (Charpentier, Hadrogryllacris, 378, 166 1825), 382, 383 Gryllidae, 31, 32, 33, 36, 40, 42, 60, 187, Tettigonia, 377 200, 223, 286, 288, 290, 291, 294–296, Tettigonia cantans (Fuessly, 1775), 67, 77, 377, 378, 380, 382, 384, 387, 389 82, 383 Anurogryllus arboreus Walker, 1973, 223 Caelifera, 286, 287, 292, 376, 377 Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer, 1773, 288, Acridoidea, 376 377 Acrididae, 60, 80, 185, 201, 280, 283, 286, Gryllus campestris Linnaeus, 1758, 33, 35, 290, 291, 294, 295, 376, 382, 383, 387 37, 200, 384, 289 Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758), 383 Gryllotalpidae, 22, 67, 69, 83, 111, 200, Omocestus, 200 220, 377 Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål, 1775), Gryllotalpa, 200 287, 289, 387 Gryllotalpa major Saussure, 1874, 67, 83, Eumastacoidea, 376 111, 377 Chorotypidae Phalangopsidae, 14 Erianthus versicolor Brunner von Raphidophoridae, 18, 297, 375, 376, Wattenwyl, 1898, 376 378–380, 382, 384, 387, 389 Tetrigoidea, 376 Troglophilus neglectus Krauss, 1879, 289, Tetrigidae, 18, 376 378, 379, 381, 382, 384, 385, 387, 388 Tetrix, 376 Schizodactylidae, 21, 297, 378 Tetrix bolivari Saulcy, 1901, 376 Comicus calcaris Irish, 1986, 289 Tetrix ceperoi (Bolívar, 1887), 376 Stenopelmatidae, 21, 297, 378 Hemiptera, 19, 31, 38, 41–43, 135, 148, 149, Stenopelmatus, 17, 21, 287, 291, 377, 378 163, 288, 395, 399, 400, 401, 409, 414, Tettigoniidae, 5, 17, 18, 31, 33, 35, 36, 38, 419, 420, 423 40, 67, 69, 77, 78, 80, 85, 105, 108, ‘‘Homoptera’’, 53, 406, 414, 419, 420 111, 175, 185, 282, 283, 286, 290, 292, Sternorrhyncha (=Hymenelytrata), 395, 412, 295–297, 377–384, 387, 389 419, 420 Ancistrura nigrovittata (Brunner von Aphidoidea Wattenwyl, 1878), 291 Choeroparnops gigliotosi Beier, 1960, 379 Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763, 399, 433 Conocephalus nigripleurum (Bruner, Aleyrodoidea 1891), 111 Aleyrodidae, 18, 163, 419 Copiphora brevirostris Stål, 1873, 379 Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell, 1896), Decticus, 377 163 Decticus albifrons (Fabricius, 1775), 384 Psylloidea, 419 Systematic Family and Species Index 457

Psyllidae, 19, 133 Tettigia, 415, 434 Triozidae, 166 Tympanistalna, 200 Aacanthocnema dobsoni (Froggatt, 1903), Tibicinidae, 403, 426 166 Tettigarctidae, 42, 405, 426 Schedotrioza, 166 Tettigarcta, 406 Schedotrioza apicobystra Taylor, 1990, Tettigarcta crinita Distant 1883, 405, 434 166 Tettigarcta tomentosa White 1845, 405, Schedotrioza distorta Taylor, 1990, 166 434 Schedotrioza marginata Taylor, 1987, 166 Membracoidea, 426 Schedotrioza multitudinea (Maskell, 1898), Aetalionidae, 428 166 Cicadellidae, 14, 15, 22, 40, 57, 75, 100, Trioza, 166 105, 107–109, 113, 115, 125, 133, 135, Tymbalia (=Hemelytrata; =Euhemiptera), 10, 156, 157, 163, 173, 217, 403, 405–410, 395, 399, 418–421, 424, 425 417, 418, 426, 427, 435 Aviorrhynchidae , 421 Agallia brachyptera (Boheman, 1847), Aviorrhyncha magnifica Nel et al. 2013, 403, 407, 433 421, 433 Amrasca biguttula (Ishida, 1912), 406, 433 Auchenorrhyncha, 7, 19, 20, 23, 31, 40, 42, Amrasca devastans (Distant, 1908) = 47–50, 53, 60, 107, 133, 180, 203, 212, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida, 1912), 105, 395, 401, 403, 405–422 133 Cicadomorpha, 40–42, 395, 405, 419–421, 426 Anaceratagallia venosa (Fourcroy, 1785), Cercopoidea, 426 407, 433 Aphrophoridae, 403, 406, 407, 426 Anoscopus flavostriatus (Donovan, 1799), Neophilaenus campestris (Fallén, 1805), 407, 433 403, 434 Aphrodes, 22, 115, 407 Cercopidae, 108, 406, 407, 426 Aphrodes bicinctus (Schrank, 1776), Clastopteridae, 426 407, 433 Epipygidae, 426 Aphrodes makarovi Zachvatkin 1948, 113, Machaerotidae, 426 115, 163. Cicadoidea, 10, 19, 20, 23, 24, 32, 43, 50, 57, Athysanus argentarius Metcalf 1955, 407, 59, 70, 77, 83, 84, 105, 200, 395, 396, 433 398–401, 404–406, 408, 411, 413–415, Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), 403, 418, 423, 424, 426, 434 407, 434 Cicadidae, 42, 57, 59, 399, 407, 411, 414, Circulifer tenellus (Baker, 1896), 410, 433 426 Doratura, 411 Cystosoma, 200 Doratura homophyla (Flor, 1861), Cystosoma saundersii Westwood, 1842, 407, 433 403, 433 Doratura stylata (Boheman, 1847), 49, 57, Graptosaltria nigrofuscata (Motschulsky, 407, 409, 433 1866), 401, 433 Elymana sulphurella (Zetterstedt, 1828), Magicicada, 401 407, 434 Okanagana rimosa (Say, 1830), 44, 70, 77, Euacanthus, 407 84 Eupelix cuspidata (Fabricius, 1775), Pagiphora, 43 407, 433 Platypleura capensis (Linnaeus, 1764), Eupteryx, 130 400, 434 Eupteryx atropunctata (Goeze, 1778), Platypleura capitata (Oliver, 1790), 399, 407, 433 400, 434 Eupteryx melissae Curtis 1837, 406, 433 Platypleura kaempferi (Fabricius, 1794), Euscelidius variegatus, 180, 203 404, 434 Euscelis incisus (Kirschbaum, 1858), 40, Platypleura octoguttata (Fabricius, 1798), 41, 407, 410, 433 400, 434 Euscelis lineolatus Brullé 1832, 180, 203 458 Systematic Family and Species Index

Membracoidea (cont.) Psammotettix cephalotes (Herrich- Euscelis ononidis Remane 1967, 410, 433 Schäffer, 1834), 407, 434 Evacanthus interruptus (Linnaeus, 1758), Ribautiana ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758), 408, 403, 407, 433 435 Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes, 1885), 107, Scaphoideus titanus Ball 1932, 24, 76, 109, 139 110, 125, 129–132, 135–139, 141, 163, Graphocephala atropunctata (Signoret, 410 1854), 163 Speudotettix subfusculus (Fallén, 1806), Graphocraerus ventralis (Fallén, 1806), 407, 434 407, 433 Streptanus aemulans (Kirschbaum, 1868), Homalodisca liturata Ball 1901, 163 407, 434 Idiocerus, 407 Streptanus marginatus (Kirschbaum, Idiocerus lituratus (Fallén, 1806), 403, 1858), 407, 434 407, 434 Thamnotettix confinis Zetterstedt 1828, Idiocerus stigmaticalis Lewis, 1834, 407, 407, 435 434 Typhlocyba, 405, 435 Kybos rufescens Melichar, 1896, 407, 433 Verdanus abdominalis (Fabricius, 1803), Kybos smaragdula (Fallén, 1806), 407, 433 407, 433 Kybos sordidulus (Ossiannilsson, 1941), Melizoderidae, 428 407, 433 Membracidae, 108, 130, 134, 135, 141, Kybos strigilifer (Ossiannilsson, 1941), 148, 149, 157, 164, 182, 226, 227, 252, 407, 433 254, 262–264, 288, 294, 407, 427, 428 Kybos virgator (Ribaut, 1933), 407, 433 Centrotus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758), 407, Ledra, 407 433 Ledra aurita (Linnaeus, 1758), 407, 434 Enchenopa binotata (Say, 1824), 98, 99, Macropsis fuscinervis (Boheman, 1845), 148, 164, 180, 221, 223, 262 407, 434 Enchenopa binotata ‘Celastrus’, 164 Macropsis cerea (Germar, 1837), 407, 434 Enchenopa binotata ‘Cercis’, 164, 223 Macrosteles cristatus (Ribaut, 1927), 407, Enchenopa binotata ‘Ptelea’, 103, 111, 434 164, 223 Macustus grisescens (Zetterstedt, 1828), Enchenopa binotata ‘Viburnum 407, 434 rufidulum’, 164 Megophthalmus scanicus (Fallén, 1806), Ennya chrysura (Fairmaire, 1846), 110 407, 434 Stictocephala bisonia Kopp & Yonke Metidiocerus elegans (Flor, 1861), 407, 1977, 288, 289 434 Tylopelta gibbera (Stål, 1869), 107, 109, Oncopsis alni (Schrank, 1801), 407, 434 131, 252, 261 Oncopsis flavicollis (Linnaeus, 1761), 407, Umbonia crassicornis (Amyot & Serville, 434 1843), 133, 134, 264 Oncopsis tristis (Zetterstedt, 1840), 407, Vanduzea arquata (Say, 1830), 111, 151 434 Ulopidae, 406, 428 Ophiola decumana (Kontkanen, 1949), Fulgoromorpha, 18, 40, 41, 48, 49, 53–61, 113, 407, 434 115, 125, 133, 201, 227, 395, 405, Opsius stactogalus Fieber 1866, 407, 434 419–421, 425 Pediopsis tiliae (Germar, 1831), 407, 434 Acanaloniidae, 425 Planaphrodes bifasciatus (Linnaeus, Achilidae, 425 1758), 407, 433 Achilixidae, 425 Planaphrodes trifasciatus (Fourcroy, Caliscelidae, 410, 425 1785), 407, 433 Cixiidae, 139, 163, 406, 425 Populicerus albicans (Kirschbaum, 1868), Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret, 1865, 130, 407, 434 137, 139, 163 Systematic Family and Species Index 459

Delphacidae, 40, 59, 108, 403, 405, 406, Lasiochilidae, 428 408–410, 418, 425 Lyctocoridae, 428 Calligypona, 57, 59, 60 Medocostidae, 428 Criomorphus albomarginatus Curtis, 1833, Microphysidae, 428 98 Miridae, 428, 429 Dicranotropis hamata (Boheman, 1847), Nabidae, 412, 429 403, 433 Pachynomidae, 429 Euides speciosa (Boheman, 1845), 40 Plokiophilidae, 429 Liburnia, 60 Polyctenidae, 429 Nilaparvata lugens (Stål, 1845), 105, 110, Thaumastocoridae, 429 130, 410, 434 Tingidae, 429 Paraliburnia adela (Flor, 1861), 60 Reduviidae, 100, 429 Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy 1903, Phymata crassipes (Fabricius, 1775), 43, 405, 434 44, 105 Prokelisia, 115 Reduvius personatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Ribautodelphax, 102 412, 434 Struebingianella, 60 Stenolemus bituberus Stål 1874, 100 Struebingianella lugubrina (Boheman, Velocipedidae, 429 1847), 49, 53, 56, 57, 60 Dipsocoromorpha, 429 Derbidae, 405, 425 Ceratocombidae, 429 Dictyopharidae, 425 Dipsocoridae, 429 Dictyophara europaea (Linnaeus, 1767), Hypsipterygidae, 429 40 Schizopteridae, 429 Eurybrachidae, 425 Stemmocryptidae, 429 Flatidae, 108, 164, 425 Enicocephalomorpha, 429 Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830), 164 Enicocephalidae, 429 Fulgoridae, 40, 425 Aenictopecheidae, 429 Gengidae, 425 Gerromorpha, 429 Hypochthonellidae, 425 Gerridae, 280, 293, 295, 304, 429 Issidae, 425 Aquarius paludum (Fabricius, 1794), 293 Kinnaridae, 425 Hebridae, 429 Lophopidae, 425 Hermatobatidae, 430 Meenoplidae, 425 Hydrometridae, 430 Nogodinidae, 425 Macroveliidae, 430 Ricaniidae, 425 Mesoveliidae, 430 Tettigometridae, 425 Paraphrynoveliidae, 430 Tropiduchidae, 426 Veliidae, 430 Myerslopiidae, 428 Leptopodomorpha, 430 Heteropteroidea, 395, 419, 420 Aepophilidae, 430 Coleorrhyncha, 19, 395, 412, 415, 417, Leptopodidae, 430 419–421, 428 Omaniidae, 430 Peloridiidae, 417, 428 Saldidae, 430 Hackeriella veitchi (Hacker, 1932), 417, Nepomorpha, 19, 430 434 Aphelocheiridae, 430 Peloridium hammoniorum Breddin, 1897, Belostomatidae, 430 418, 434 Corixidae, 423, 430 Xenophyes cascus Bergroth 1924, 418, 435 Cenocorixa Hungerford, 1948, 433 Heteroptera, 31, 38–41, 43, 171–173, 175, Cenocorixa blaisdelli (Hungerford, 1930), 177, 179, 183, 186, 187, 191, 288, 304, 423, 433 395, 412, 414, 415, 417– 421, 423, 428 Cenocorixa expleta (Uhler, 1895), 423, 433 Cimicomorpha, 428 Corisella tarsalis (Fieber, 1851), 423, 433 Anthocoridae, 428 Gelastocoridae, 430 Cimicidae, 428 Helotrephidae, 430 Joppeicidae, 428 Naucoridae, 430 460 Systematic Family and Species Index

Nepomorpha (cont.) Chlorochroa uhleri (Stål, 1872), 175 Nepidae, 430 Chlorochroa sayi Stål 1872, 175 Notonectidae, 293, 304, 430 Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758), Notonecta glauca Latreille, 1802, 293 413, 433 Ochteridae, 430 Eurydema oleraceum (Linnaeus, 1758), Pleidae, 431 413, 433 Potamocoridae, 431 Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1798), 112, Pentatomorpha, 423, 431 164, 174, 175 Acanthosomatidae, 39, 173, 413, 431 Eysarcoris Hahn, 1834, 414, 433 Elasmucha grisea (Linnaeus, 1758), 413, Eysarcoris venustissimus (Schrank, 1776), 433 412, 434 Alydidae, 173, 175, 431 Holcostethus abbreviatus Uhler 1872, 174 Aradidae, 175, 431 Murgantia histrionica (Hahn, 1834), 174, Berytidae, 431 180 Colobathristidae, 175, 431 Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758), 102, Canopidae, 431 103, 105, 106, 129–131, 133, 141, 165, Coreidae, 175, 431 173–175, 178, 180, 181, 183–190, 222, Enoplops scapha (Fabricius, 1794), 175 286, 288, 289, 414, 415, 417, 434 Corimelaenidae, 431 Oebalus pugnax (Fabricius, 1775), Cydnidae, 7, 14, 38, 39, 173, 175, 179, 183, 414, 434 200, 202, 209, 217, 414, 415, 417, 431, Palomena prasina (Linnaeus, 1761), 432 413, 434 Adomerus biguttatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Palomena viridissima (Poda, 1761), 414, 434 413, 434 Canthophorus dubius (Scopoli, 1763), 414, Pentatoma rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758), 433 413, 434 Canthophorus melanopterus (Herrich- Picromerus bidens (Linnaeus, 1758), Schäffer, 1835), 414, 433 413, 434 Scaptocoris castanea Perty 1830, 175, 179 Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood, 1837), Scaptocoris carvalhoi Becker 1967, 175, 112, 165 179, 217 Piezodorus lituratus (Fabricius, 1794), 175 Tritomegas bicolor (Linnaeus, 1758), 40, Podisus maculiventris (Say, 1832), 176, 414, 435 177, 180, 189 Dinidoridae, 431 Sciocoris cursitans (Fabricius, 1794), Hyocephalidae, 431 412, 434 Idiostolidae, 431 Thyanta custator accerra McAtee 1919, 165 Largidae, 175, 431 Thyanta pallidovirens (Stål, 1859), 165 Lestoniidae, 431 Thyanta perditor (Fabricius, 1794), 165 Lygaeidae, 431, 432 Phloeidae, 432 Malcidae, 432 Piesmatidae, 175, 432 Megarididae, 432 Plataspididae, 432 Parastrachiidae, 175, 432 Pyrrhocoridae, 432 Pentatomidae, 8, 19, 39, 108, 112, 113, Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linnaeus, 1758), 183, 156, 164, 171–175, 176, 178, 182, 183, 322, 323 186, 189, 326, 377, 412–414, 432 Rhopalidae, 432 Acrosternum hilare (Say, 1832) = Saileriolidae, 432 Acrosternum hilaris (Say, 1832), 103, Scutelleridae, 173, 175, 432 105, 135, 164 Stenocephalidae, 432 Acrosternum impicticorne (Stål, 1872), 164 Termitaphididae, 432 Aelia acuminata (Linnaeus, 1758), Tessaratomidae, 175, 432 413, 433 Thaumastellidae, 175, 432 Arma custos (Fabricius, 1794), 413, 433 Urostylididae, 432 Carpocoris pudicus (Poda, 1761), 413, 433 Coleoptera, 163, 286, 304 Chlorochroa ligata (Say, 1832), 174, 175 Anobiidae Systematic Family and Species Index 461

Xestobium rufovillosum (De Geer, 1774), Melipona panamica Cockerell 1919, 351, 24 353, 357, 359, 365 Cerambycidae, 19 Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier 1836, Chrysomelidae 351, 353, 359, 367 Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824), Melipona rufiventris Lepeletier 1836, 352, 134 355, 359 Gyrinidae, 9, 303–316 Melipona scutellaris Latreille 1811, 359, Gyrinus substriatus Stephens 1829, 306 361, 362–365 Scarabaeidae, 163 Melipona seminigra Friese 1903, 351, 353, Aphodius, 19 355, 356, 358, 359–363, 366, 367 Aphodius (Agrilinus) ater (De Geer, 1774), Nannotrigona, 368 163 Nannotrigona testaceicornis (Lepeletier, Tenebrionidae, 295, 322, 327 1836), 355, 357, 359 Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus 1758, 322 Oxytrigona, 367 Megaloptera Scaptotrigona aff. depilis (Moure, 1942), Sialidae, 17 357, 359 Neuroptera, 18, 21, 115, 166, 223, 286, 288, Scaptotrigona postica (Latreille, 1807), 296 359 Chrysopidae, 166 Schwarziana bipunctata (Lepeletier, 1836), Chrysopa, 42 359 Chrysoperla, 161, 286, 296 Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836), 223, 359 288–290, 293 Trigona, 359, 367 Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto, 1914) Braconidae et Ichneumonidae (‘‘parasitoid type A, 166 wasps’’), 77, 96, 98, 133, 134, 221, 236, Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto, 1914) 280, 288, 296, 326 type B, 166 Braconidae Myrmeleontidae, 9, 115, 220, 295, Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865), 319–330 236 Euroleon nostras (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, Colletidae 1785), 320, 321, 323 Colletes cunicularius (Linnaeus, 1761), Myrmeleon, 319 358 Myrmeleon crudelis Walker 1853, 327 Eulophidae Hymenoptera Sympiesis sericeicornis (Spinola, 1808), Apidae, 9, 10, 18, 349–369, 350, 358, 367 77, 134 Apis mellifera Linnaeus 1758, 9, 199, 211, Ichneumonidae, 296 222, 223, 263, 288, 289, 290, 333, 336, Formicidae, 17, 19, 23, 206, 288, 322 337, 349, 350, 352, 353, 356, 357, Atta, 200, 206 360–369 Camponotus ligniperda (Latreille, 1802), Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758), 289 358, 367 Formica, 322 Melipona, 353, 356, 357, 363, 368 Orussidae, 296 Melipona bicolor Lepeletier 1836, 353, Orussus abietinus (Scopoli, 1763), 289 355, 357, 359, 362 Scelionidae, 112 Melipona costaricensis Cockerell 1919, Telenomus podisi Ashmead 1893, 112 353, 355, 359 Vespidae, 19 Melipona fasciata Latreille 1811, 353 Asteloeca ujhelyii (Ducke, 1909), 223 Melipona fasciculata Smith 1854, 359 Lepidoptera, 19, 288, 396, 398 Melipona flavolineata Friese 1900, 359 Arctiidae, 19 Melipona fuliginosa Lepeletier 1836, 359 Drepanidae Melipona mandacaia Smith 1863, 353, Drepana, 19 355, 357, 359 Geometridae Melipona marginata Lepeletier 1836, 359 Semiothisa aemulataria Walker 1861, 96, Melipona melanoventer Schwarz 1932, 359 98, 134 462 Systematic Family and Species Index

Gracillariidae Alismatales Caloptilia serotinella (Ely, 1910), 19 Araceae Phyllonorycter malella (Gerasimov, 1931), Philodendron, 76 134 Apiales Nolidae, 398 Araliaceae Sphingidae, 42 Hedera helix Linnaeus, 129 Manduca sexta (Linnaeus, 1763), 283, 288 Caryophyllales Diptera, 42, 84, 278, 283, 286, 293, 294 Plumbaginaceae Calliphoridae Plumbago, 176, 180, 189 Phormia regina (Meigen, 1826), 278 Fabales Chloropidae, 108 Cercidae Culicidae, 150 Cercis canadensis Linnaeus, 180 Cypselosomatidae, 108 Fabaceae Drosophilidae Glycine max (Linnaeus) Merril, 179 Drosophila, 280–282, 284, 285, 295, 306 Malvales Drosophila melanogaster Meigen 1830, Hibisceae 286 Hibiscus, 378 Tachinidae, 42 Myrtales Homotrixa alleni Barraclough 1996, 278 Myrtaceae Ormia ochracea (Bigot, 1889), 42 Leptospermum scoparium J.R.Forster & Therobia leonidei (Mesnil 1965), 42 G.Forster, 378 Vertebrata, 5, 7, 13, 15, 18, 23, 32, 43, 69, 79, Poales 96, 189, 220, 250 Bromeliaceae, 97, 130 Osteichthyes, 5, 69, 79, 304 Aechmea bractea = Aechmea bracteata Ostariophysi, 79 (Swartz) Grisebach, 97 Amphibia, 5, 48, 79, 105, 304 Aechmea magdalenae (André) André ex Anura, 69, 79, 189, 223 Baker, 130 Leptodactylidae Cyperaceae Leptodactylus albilabris (Günther, 1859), Cyperus, 130, 141, 181, 182 68, 81, 83, 111 Juncaceae Hylidae Juncus effusus Linnaeus, 178 Agalychnis callidryas (Cope, 1862), 5, 18, Poaceae 70, 71, 96 Glyceria maxima (Hartmann) Holmberg, ‘‘Reptilia’’, 5 49, 56 Squamata, 206 Rosales Serpentes, 5, 79, 80, 96, 97 Urticaceae Iguania Urtica dioica Linnaeus, 130, 139, 140 Chamaeleonidae, 5 Santalales Aves, 5, 59, 65, 69, 76, 79, 105, 162, 189, 265 Santalaceae Passeriformes Thesium bavarum Schrank, 178 Corvidae Sapindales Cyanocitta cristata (Linnaeus, 1758), 70 Rutaceae Mammalia, 5, 17, 69, 74, 79 Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus, 99 Rodentia, 5 Solanales Spalacidae Convolvulaceae, 139 Spalax ehrenbergi (Nehring, 1898), 17 Vitales Proboscidea Vitaceae Elephantidae, 5, 18, 68, 69, 75, 85, 220 Vitis, 130, 131, 136, 139 Loxodonta africana Blumenbach 1797, 68, Zingiberales 77, 79, 82 Heliconiaceae Elephas maximus Linnaeus 1758, 68, 83 Heliconia, 379 Primates, 80 Musaceae Plantae Musa sapientum Linnaeus, 97, 180 Animal Signals and Communication 3 Wessel · Hill · Gogala · Cocroft Animal Signals and Communication 3 Series Editors: Vincent M. Janik · Peter McGregor Reginald B. Cocroft · Matija Gogala · Peggy S.M. Hill · Andreas Wessel Editors Studying Vibrational Communication Eds. Reginald B. Cocroft This volume explains the key ideas, questions and methods involved in studying the hidden world of vibrational communication in animals. The authors dispel the notion that this form of communication is difficult to study, and show how vibrational Matija Gogala signaling is a key to social interactions in species that live in contact with a substrate, whether it be a grassy lawn, a rippling stream, or a tropical forest canopy. This ancient Peggy S.M. Hill and widespread form of social exchange is also remarkably understudied. A frontier in animal behavior, it offers unparalleled opportunities for discovery and for addressing Andreas Wessel Editors general questions in communication and social evolution. In addition to reviews of advances made in the study of several animal taxa, this volume also explores topics such as vibrational communication networks, the interaction of acoustic and vibrational communication, the history of the field, the evolution of signal production and reception, and establishing a common vocabulary. 1 Studying Studying Vibrational Communication Vibrational Communication

Life Sciences

ISBN 978-3-662-43606-6

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