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Revision of the Eurybrachidae (XV) European Journal of Taxonomy 602: 1–40 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.602 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2020 · Constant J. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D11E0841-00AF-4A10-BC58-AB57828AE6F1 Revision of the Eurybrachidae (XV). The Oriental genus Purusha Distant, 1906 with two new species and a key to the genera of Eurybrachini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Eurybrachidae) Jérôme CONSTANT Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O.D. Phylogeny and Taxonomy, Entomology, Vautier street 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. Email: [email protected] urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6E6072A1-9415-4C8D-8E60-2504444DB290 Abstract. The Oriental genus of Eurybrachidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) Purusha Distant, 1906 is reviewed and a key to the genera of Eurybrachini is given. Two new species, P. bellissima sp. nov. and P. vietnamica sp. nov. are described from Myanmar and North Vietnam, respectively. Purusha rubromaculata Distant, 1906 is proposed as a junior synonym of P. reversa (Hope, 1843). All species are illustrated, including all type specimens and the male genitalia for the fi rst time. Distribution maps, identifi cation key to species and biological data are provided. The sexual dimorphism in the genus is discussed. Five species are currently placed in Purusha. Keywords. Eurybrachinae, planthopper, Fulgoroidea, Auchenorrhyncha, sexual dimorphism. Constant J. 2020. Revision of the Eurybrachidae (XV). The Oriental genus Purusha Distant, 1906 with two new species and a key to the genera of Eurybrachini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Eurybrachidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 602: 1–40. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.602 Introduction The family Eurybrachidae Stål, 1862 is a small family of planthoppers (Fulgoromorpha Evans, 1946) with 41 genera and 201 species, representing only 1.7% of the genera and 1.5% of the species of Fulgoromorpha. The family is restricted to the Old World and distributed in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Australasian regions, with some species present in the southeasternmost part of the Palaearctic region in China; it is not recorded from Madagascar and Taiwan (Metcalf 1956; Bourgoin 2019). Eurybrachidae represent a characteristic component of the planthopper fauna of the Oriental Region where it counts 12 genera and 82 species distributed in two subfamilies. The subfamily Platybrachinae Schmidt, 1908 is represented in the region by a single tribe, Ancyrini Schmidt, 1908, containing a single genus, Ancyra White, 1845. The second subfamily Eurybrachinae Stål, 1862 is present in the Oriental and Afrotropical regions and divided in three tribes; two of them, Eurybrachini Stål, 1862 (5 genera) and Frutini Schmidt, 1908 (1 genus) are restricted to the Oriental Region while the third one, Loxocephalini Schmidt, 1908, is represented in both the Afrotropical (3 genera) and Oriental (5 genera) regions, where the distribution of a few species slightly extends to the southeasternmost part of 1 European Journal of Taxonomy 602: 1–40 (2020) the Palaearctic Region (Metcalf 1956; Fennah 1964; Constant 2004, 2006; Bourgoin 2019). All Oriental genera of Eurybrachidae are restricted to the Oriental Region and very little information on the biology and host plants is generally available. I gave the available data about Klapperibrachys Constant, 2006 (Constant 2006) and Chalia Walker, 1858 (Constant 2007), and Wang & Wang (2013) provided some data about Loxocephala Schaum, 1850. The genus Eurybrachys Guérin-Méneville, 1834, and notably the species E. spinosa Fabricius, 1798 and E. tomentosa Fabricius, 1775, was the subject of more serious studies on development, biology, host plants and parasites because it is considered a pest of some crops (e.g., cotton) in southern India (Lefroy & Howlett 1909; Fletcher 1917, 1920; Chatterjee 1932a, 1932b, 1933; Chatterjee & Bose 1934; Dover & Appanna 1934). When I started with the revision of the family Eurybrachidae (Constant 2004), it appeared necessary to redefi ne and review all existing genera. For a long time I regarded the genus Purusha Distant, 1906 as extremely diffi cult to revise because all species were described from single females. However, some key male specimens have recently become available, which now allows to complete a comprehensive revision of the genus Purusha as the fi fteenth part of the ongoing revision of the family. The present paper aims to fully revise the taxonomy of Purusha, to describe two new species and to provide a complete illustration, an identifi cation key, a distribution map and biological data of all the species. Additionally, an identifi cation key to the genera of Eurybrachini is given. Material and methods The types of all described species were studied and as much material as possible was examined. The genitalia were extracted after boiling the abdomen in a 10% solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) at about 100°C. Some drops of saturated alcoholic Chlorazol black solution were added for contrasting (Carayon 1969). The pygofer was separated from the abdomen and the aedeagus dissected with a needle blade for examination. The whole was then placed in glycerine for preservation in a genitalia vial attached to the pin of the corresponding specimen. The description of the female genitalia follows Bourgoin (1993) with some additions from the studies of Soulier-Perkins (1997) and Soulier-Perkins & Bourgoin (1998) on the family Lophopidae Stål, 1866; the description of the wing venation follows Bourgoin et al. (2015). The metatibiotarsal formula provides the number of spines on (the side of the metatibia) the apex of the metatibia/apex of the fi rst metatarsomere/apex of the second metatarsomere. The nomenclature follows Schmidt (1908) and Metcalf (1956). For each picture, a number of photographs were taken with a Canon 700D camera equipped with a Tamron 90 mm macro lens and stacked with CombineZ software. They were optimized with Adobe Photoshop CS3. Observations were done with a Leica MZ8 stereo-microscope. The distribution map was produced with SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010). For the transcription of the labels of the types, the wording on each single label is given verbatim placed within quotes, with supplementary information not on the label given in square brackets where appropriate. In the Results section, species are treated in alphabetical order. Geographical coordinates of the locations are given. The measurements were taken as in Constant (2004) and the following abbreviations are used: BF = maximum breadth of the frons BT = maximum breadth of the thorax BTg = maximum breadth of the tegmen BV = maximum breadth of the vertex LF = length of the frons in median line LM = length of the mesonotum in median line LP = length of the pronotum in median line LTg = maximum length of the tegmen LT = total length (apex of head to apex of tegmina) LV = length of the vertex in median line 2 CONSTANT J. Oriental Eurybrachidae: Purusha (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) Acronyms used for the collections: BMNH = Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom DNPT = Department of National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, Thailand MFNB = Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany MHNL = Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Lyon, France MMBC = Moravské Zemské Muzeum, Brno, Czech Republic NHRS = Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden OUMNH = Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, United Kingdom RBINS = Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium RMNH = Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum (Naturalis), Leiden, The Netherlands USNM = National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA ZIMG = Zoologisches Institut und Museum Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany ZMPA = Polish Academy of Sciences, Museum of the Institute of Zoology, Warsaw, Poland Results Taxonomy Class Insecta Linnaeus, 1758 Order Hemiptera Linnaeus, 1758 Suborder Auchenorrhyncha Duméril, 1806 Infraorder Fulgoromorpha Evans, 1946 Superfamily Fulgoroidea Latreille, 1807 Family Eurybrachidae Stål, 1862 Subfamily Eurybrachinae Stål, 1862 Tribe Eurybrachini Stål, 1862 The tribe Eurybrachini Stål, 1862 was defi ned by Schmidt (1908) with the following distinctive features: (1) clavus open; (2) claval veins not fused in clavus; (3) infra-ocular spine present. This tribe is restricted to the Oriental region and contains fi ve genera (Schmidt 1908; Metcalf 1956; Constant 2006): Eurybrachys Guérin-Méneville, 1834, Messena Stål, 1861, Nicidus Stål, 1858, Purusha Distant, 1906 and Thessitus Walker, 1862. Identifi cation key to the genera of Eurybrachini 1. Posterior wings wider than tegmina, with maximum width near base; general colouration of tegmina whitish, with a bright red marking on underside in males (Fig. 1F) ..............Thessitus Walker, 1862 – Posterior wings narrower than tegmina, sometimes as wide as tegmina but then with maximum width near apex; general colouration of tegmina not whitish, no bright red marking on underside of tegmina in males (Fig. 1A–E) ............................................................................................................ 2 2. Posterior wings about as wide as tegmina, with maximum width near apex; general colour of tegmina chocolate brown (sometimes covered in white wax) (Fig. 1E) .......................Purusha Distant, 1906 – Posterior wings narrower than tegmina; general colour of tegmina not chocolate brown (Fig. 1A–D) .......................................................................................................................................
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