Iran and the Reconciliation Drive in the Region
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The Gulf Military Balance in 2019: a Graphic Analysis
Anthony H. Cordesman, Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy The Gulf Military Balance in 2019: A Graphic Analysis Anthony H. Cordesman and Abdullah Toukan With the Assistance of Max Molot Working Paper: Please send comments to [email protected] REVISED December 9, 2019 Photo: ARASH KHAMOUSHI/AFP/ Getty Images Introduction 2 The military balance in the Gulf region has become steadily more complex with time. Conventional forces have been been reshaped by massive arms transfers, and changes in major weapons, technology, and virtually every aspect of joint warfare, command and control, sensors, and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance systems. Missile warfare is changing radically as diverse mixes of ballistic and cruise missiles, UAVs and UCAVs, and missiles are deployed. Precision-guided, conventionally armed missiles are becoming a key aspect of regional forces, and so are missile defenses. The threat of nuclear pro0liferation remains, and at least one state – Iran - is a declared chemical weapons power while the Assad regime in Syria has made repeated use of chemical weapons At the same time, asymmetric forces, “proxy” forces, and various forms of military advisory and support missions are playing a growing role in local conflicts and gray area operations. So are local militia and security forces – often divided within a given Gulf state by sect and ethnicity. Terrorist and extremist forces continue pose serious threats, as do political tensions and upheavals, and the weaknesses and failures of some regional governments to meet the needs of their people. The most serious sources of Gulf conflicts are now the tensions between Iran and the Arab Gulf states, and the role played by terrorists and extremists, but civil war and insurgencies remain an additional threat - as does the links between Iran, Syria, and the Hezbollah. -
'Ūd 'Arbī: Evocations Through Senses
Salvatore Morra Page 52–66 The Sound of the ʻŪd ʻArbī: Evocations Through Senses Salvatore Morra Abstract: This article investigates the possibility of assessing sound and music in terms of somatic values, norms and practices. I discuss ways in which the Tunisian musical instrument ʻūd ʻarbī is connected to its sound and the player’s body. I explore the reflexive dynamic by which the intersensorial experience (Connor, 2004) of ʻūd ʻarbī roots the instrument's sound in Tunisian society. Qualities, the effects of the plectrum's special position and touches, hands movements, resonances and stroking gestures, recall the intimate sense of crafting the instrument, the shaping of its organic matter and the potential relationships between the player's body, the instrument, and its maker. Keywords: ʻūd ʻarbī, musical instrument, body, intersensorial experience, somaesthetics, Tunisian culture. In line with the development of studies in the body-centered discipline of somaesthetics (Shusterman, 1999), we are currently witnessing a growth in research into music in terms of experiences of embodiment, for example in McCartey (2004), Vitale (2010), Tarvainen (2018). For Shusterman (1999, p. 308), the body is now viewed not only as an object of aesthetic value but also as a crucial sensory medium for enhancing our understanding and practice of arts, music and sound. After all, the body is the essential tool through which cultural values are transmitted, inscribed, and preserved in society. Provocative developments in the social sciences argue for the re-cognition of human body interactions with raw matter, including work of craftsmanship (Sennett, 2009). Taking up the challenge of such voices, this article will consider the relationship between body and sound, focusing on the reflexive dynamic by which the intersensorial body experiences (Connor, 2004) involved in musical instruments (both making and playing them) root the instrument's sound in society. -
Past and Present
2nd Scandinavian Symposium on Furniture Technology & Design Marquetry Past and Present May 2007 Vadstena Sweden Cover photo: Detail of ‘Scarab table’ by Rasmus Malbert. Photo taken by © Rasmus Malbert. This publication was made possible thanks to Carl Malmstens Hantverksstiftelse Editor Ulf Brunne Director of Studies Carl Malmsten Furniture Studies Linköping University Tel. +46 (0) 13 28 23 20 e-mail: [email protected] Layout Elise Andersson Furniture Conservator Tel. +31 (0) 686 15 27 06 / +46 (0) 704 68 04 97 e-mail: [email protected] Foreword The Marquetry Symposium in Vadstena 2007 was all over the world. The presentations covered a the second international symposium hosted by Carl multitude of aspects and were well inline with our Malmsten Centre of Wood Technology & Design ambition to include both historical, theoretical, at Linköping University. Since then we not only technical and design related aspects. changed our name, we also moved to new purpose- Even if the symposium, as intended, covered both built premises and above all, updated our programs historical and modern applications we conclude in order to meet future challenges. Carl Malmsten that presentations of contemporary works and Furniture Studies, which is our new name, is techniques were in minority. It is therefore with great satisfaction we during the past few years have Marquetry has since ancient times been used to registered a growing interest not only in traditional decoratedefinitely furniture back on track! and interiors. Starting with basic marquetry but also in the use of marquetry on but intricate geometric patterns in the Middle Ages, industrially manufactured design furniture. -
With Love to Muhammad (Sa) the Khatam-Un-Nabiyyin
With Love to Muhammadsa the Khātam-un-Nabiyyīn The Ahmadiyya Muslim Understanding of Finality of Prophethood Farhan Iqbal | Imtiaz Ahmed Sra With Love to Muhammadsa the Khātam-un-Nabiyyīn Farhan Iqbal & Imtiaz Ahmed Sra With Love to Muhammadsa the Khātam-un-Nabiyyīn by: Farhan Iqbal and Imtiaz Ahmed Sra (Missionaries of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamā‘at) First Published in Canada: 2014 © Islam International Publications Ltd. Published by: Islam International Publications Ltd. Islamabad, Sheephatch Lane Tilford, Surrey GU10 2AQ United Kingdom For further information, you may visit www.alislam.org Cover Page Design: Farhan Naseer ISBN: 978-0-9937731-0-5 This book is dedicated to the 86 Ahmadī Muslims who were martyred on May 28, 2010, in two mosques of Lahore, Pakistan, as well as all the other martyrs of Islām Ahmadiyya, starting from Hazrat Maulvī ‘Abdur Rahmān Shahīdra and Hazrat Sāhibzāda Syed ‘Abdul Latīf Shahīdra, to the martyrs of today. َو ُﻗ ْﻞ َﺟﺎٓ َء اﻟْ َﺤ ُّـﻖ َو َز َﻫ َﻖ اﻟْ َﺒ ِﺎﻃ ُؕﻞ ِا َّن اﻟْ َﺒ ِﺎﻃ َﻞ َﰷ َن َز ُﻫ ْﻮﻗًﺎ And proclaim: ‘Truth has come and falsehood has vanished away. Verily, falsehood is bound to vanish.’ —Sūrah Banī Isrā’īl, 17:82 Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... i Publishers’ Note ...................................................................................................... iii Preface ........................................................................................................................ v Foreword................................................................................................................ -
Summary Proceedings
Summary Proceedings of the Forty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors September 25-27, 1990 International Monetary Fund Washington, D.C. ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution International Standard Serial Number ISSN 0074-7025 ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution CONTENTS Page Introductory Note ix Address by the President of the United States, George Bush 1 Opening Address by the Chairman of the Boards of Governors, the Governor of the Fund and the Bank for Kenya, George Saitoti . 5 Presentation of the Forty-Fifth Annual Report by the Chairman of the Executive Board and Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, M. Camdessus 12 Discussion of Fund Policy at Second Joint Session Report by the Chairman of the Interim Committee of the Board of Governors on the International Monetary System, Michael H. Wilson 22 Statements by the Governors for Italy—Guido Carli* 25 Italy—Guido Carli 29 Indonesia—J. B. Sumarlin 33 France—Pierre Bérégovoy 38 Japan—Ryutaro Hashimoto 40 Côte d'lvoire—Kablan D. Duncan* 46 China—WANG Bingqian 52 Philippines—Jesus P. Estanislao 56 Kuwait—Sheikh Ali Al-Khalifa Al-Sabah 58 Austria—Ferdinand Lacina 61 Israel—Michael Bruno 63 Greece—Efthimios Christodoulou 67 Discussion of Fund Policy at Third Joint Session Report by the Chairman of the Joint Ministerial Committee of the Boards of Governors on the Transfer of Real Resources to Developing Countries (Development Committee) B.T.G. Chidzero 73 Statements by the Governors for Islamic Republic of Iran—Mohsen Nourbakhsh 76 Federal Republic of Germany—Karl Otto Poehl 79 United Kingdom—John Major 83 India—Madhu Dandavate 87 *Speaking on behalf of a group of countries. -
Bright Future for the Blue Fuel
ENERGYTHE GLOBAL SECURITY ENERGY THROUGH DIALOGUE DIALOGUE BRIGHT FUTURE FOR THE BLUE FUEL By HE Dr Seyed Mohammad Hossein Adeli Secretary General, Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) he Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) is a of skills and technology, as well as a reputation as reliable recognised intergovernmental Organisation with suppliers, and are therefore ideally placed to play a pivotal its key statutory objective to support the sovereign role in the global energy markets. rights of its Member Countries over their natural The GECF’s potential is immense, as its Member Tgas resources, and their ability to independently plan and Countries collectively account for 65 per cent of the world’s manage the sustainable, efficient and environmentally proven natural gas reserves. Furthermore, the Forum conscious development, use and conservation of these controls 66 per cent of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) resources for the benefit of their peoples. trade and 64 per cent of the pipeline trade in natural gas. The Forum was established in 2001, in Tehran, and has Our organisation fully supports the development of been expanding its activities ever since, presently evolving producer-consumer dialogue as a cornerstone element of into a fully-fledged intergovernmental gathering of 18 stable energy markets, based on the fact that in a globalising natural gas producing and exporting countries from all world, producers and consumers are becoming increasingly over the world, providing an important framework for the interdependent, due to trade expansion, technological exchange of views, experience and information. enhancements in communications and interconnected Our day-to-day activities include promoting discourse financial markets. -
The Study on the Development of Ornamentation in the Architecture of Safavid Dynasty N
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering Vol:6, No:7, 2012 The Study on the Development of Ornamentation in the Architecture of Safavid Dynasty N. Utaberta, H. Mamamni, M. Surat, A. I. Che-Ani and N.A.G. Abdullah Abstract—The architecture of Safavid Dynasty can be considered Therefore in this era of Iran’s and other Islamic nations, as the epitome of Iranian architectural beauty. Safavid dynasty (1501- the three aforesaid dynasties diminished, colonizing powers 1722 AC) along with Ottoman in Turkey and Mughal Empire in increased their influence in Islamic Nations. Safavid dynasty is India were the three great Islamic nations of their time (1500 AC) often referred to as the first stable dynasty after introduction of often known as the last Islamic countries with international authority Islam to Iran which preserved Iranian nationality and a united up to the 20th Century. This era approximately coincide with and powerful nation with well protected borders, borders Renaissance in Europe. In this era, large European countries begin amassing power thanks to significant scientific, cultural and religious which were bravely defended in this era. Safavid dynasty, revolutions of that time and colonizing nations such as England, while having various obvious weaknesses in governance and Spain and Portugal began to influence international trends with in an social affairs, succeeded to reclaim the national honor and increasing while other non-industrial nations diminished. The main heritage of Iranians. In this dynasty, especially in the reign of objective of this paper is to give a typological overview of the Shah Abbas I, Iran is a powerful and proud country with development of decoration and ornament in the architecture of significant military and economic power. -
Iran Sanctions
Iran Sanctions Kenneth Katzman Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs March 9, 2015 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS20871 Iran Sanctions Summary International sanctions on Iran’s key energy and financial sectors harmed Iran’s economy and arguably contributed to Iran’s acceptance of restrictions on expanding its nuclear program in exchange for modest sanctions relief. The interim nuclear agreement (Joint Plan of Action, JPA) has been in effect since January 20, 2014, and extended twice (until June 30, 2015) to allow time to translate it into a comprehensive nuclear agreement. The economic pressure caused: • Iran’s crude oil exports to fall to about 1.1 million barrels per day (mbd) at the end of 2013, from about 2.5 million barrels per day Iran in 2011. The crude oil exports are capped at the 1.1 mbd level by the JPA. • Iran’s economy to shrink by about 5% in 2013 as Iran’s private sector reduced operations and many of its loans became delinquent, and has rebounded only modestly since the JPA sanctions relief went into effect. Sanctions have constricted Iran’s ability to procure equipment for its nuclear and missile programs and to import advanced conventional weaponry. However, the sanctions have not halted Iran’s provision of arms to the Assad government in Syria, the Iraqi government and related Shiite militias, Houthi rebels in Yemen, or other pro-Iranian factions in the Middle East such as Lebanese Hezbollah. Sanctions have not altered Iran’s repression of domestic dissent. Under the JPA, Iran has obtained sanctions relief through presidential waivers of several U.S. -
IRCS: Sanctions Hindering Pharma Raw Materials Import
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y Pages Price 40,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 39th year No.13465 Monday AUGUST 19, 2019 Mordad 28, 1398 Dhul Hijjah 17, 1440 Leader thanks IRGC for Resistance is the Iranian documentary Congratulations downing U.S. spy drone, only way to confront “Finding Farideh” to on Eid al-Ghadir seizing British tanker 2 bullying 3 represent Iran at Oscars 16 Iran-Syria joint chamber of IRCS: Sanctions hindering commerce to recruit members TEHRAN – Iran Chamber of Commerce, hand in the required documents to be Industries, Mines and Agriculture (ICCIMA) assessed in order for registration. has published an announcement, inviting Iran and Syria agreed on establishing capable private companies to join Iran-Syria a joint chamber of commerce in business pharma raw materials import joint chamber of commerce’s founding board. forum in October 2018. As reported by the portal of ICCIMA, The forum was held on October 20 in establishing Iran-Syria joint chamber is Tehran with the participation of 50 Syrian put on the ICCIMA’s agenda for the current businessmen headed by secretary general See page 11 Iranian calendar year (ends on March 19, of the Federation of Syrian Chambers of 2020) and all interested companies can Commerce Mohammad Hamshou. 4 Majlis moves to retake oil money from UK, U.S. after 1953 coup TEHRAN — Members of the Iranian Mordad (1953) coup d’etat and also parliament (Majlis) have presented a to redeem the rights of the victims 10-point anti-U.S. -
We Will Never Negotiate on Vital Issues in the First Step, Iran Announced That It Stops Selling Stockpiles of Enriched Uranium and Heavy Water for 60 Days
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 16 Pages Price 40,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 39th year No.13401 Thursday MAY 30, 2019 Khordad 9, 1398 Ramadan 24, 1440 Deal of cetury India is still Iran’s Everyone has a chance Galleries from Iran will turn into priority for developing to play in Team Melli: to participate in ‘failure of century’ 2 Farzad B field 5 Marc Wilmots 15 Armenia Art Fair 16 Iran self-sufficient in wheat production for 4th consecutive year We will never TEHRAN— For the fourth year in a row, from farmers Esmaeel Esfandiarpour said. Iran’s wheat harvest is enough to make it Under the autarky plan, the govern- self-sufficient in the strategic crop, Press ment makes purchases from wheat grow- TV quoted an official as saying on Tuesday. ers at guaranteed prices. Esfandiarpour Better rainfall across Iran will offset said he expects an 800% rise in such the loss of crops from unprecedented flash buys in some provinces, which will help flooding in some provinces in March, head Iran’s self-sufficiency in wheat recur for negotiate on of the government program to buy wheat the fourth year. 4 Tehran, Moscow discuss vital issues nuclear deal TEHRAN — Russian Deputy Foreign Ploetner also said, “European countries Ministers Sergey Ryabkov held talks with will keep up their efforts and consultations Quds Day highly significant this year Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister for Polit- aimed at meeting Iran’s demands and ical Affairs Abbas Araghchi in Tehran on preserving the JCPOA.” Wednesday, discussing the 2015 nuclear On May 8, Iran announced a partial deal, officially called the Joint Compre- withdrawal from some aspects of the See page 2 hensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). -
18Th Motorized Rifle Division Formed in Kaliningrad
https://community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/fmso/ ForeignForeign MilitaryMilitary StudiesStudies OfficeOffice Volume 11 Issue #4 OEWATCH April 2021 FOREIGN NEWS & PERSPECTIVES OF THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT EURASIA 3 Russian Military Newspapers on the Decline 4 Less Hazing, More Corruption in the Russian Ranks 5 Russia Bolstering Arctic Air Umbrella 7 Russian Military Rations Improving, Including in the Arctic 9 Russia Formed 18th Motorized Rifle Division in Kaliningrad 12 Capabilities and Organizational Aspects of Russia’s 1B75 ‘Penitsillin’ Acoustic-Thermal Reconnaissance System 14 Slow Expansion of Russian Forces in Kyrgyzstan 16 Russian Military History: Victim and Weapon of Information Operations INDO-PACIFIC 17 Instant Aggregation of Superiority: A Chinese Vision for Dominating the Future Battlefield 18 Beijing’s Housing Policy in Hong Kong: Soft Power and Dense Urban Terrain 20 India Adding Battalions, Not Divisions, to the Army amid De- escalation Efforts 22 5G and Military Drones: Key Sectors of Growing Chinese-Emirati Collaboration 24 China and Russia Back Myanmar Military’s Coup MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 25 Iran: Supreme Leader Affirms Ability to Build Nuclear Bomb 26 Iran: New Indigenous Rifles Unveiled 27 Iran Unveils New Bahman Radar System 28 Turkey’s New Armed Unmanned Surface Vessel 30 Turkey and Iran Compete for Influence in Iraq 32 Increased Algerian Focus on “New Generation Warfare” 34 Video Games in the Operational Environment in Egypt and Beyond AFRICA 36 African Autocrats Using COVID to Consolidate Power 37 Qatar and -
Rouhani's First One Hundred Days
Atlantic Council SOUTH ASIA CENTER IRAN TASK FORCE BY YASMIN ALEM AND BARBARA SLAVIN Rouhani’s First One Hundred Days: Cautious Domestic Reforms and Nuclear Breakthrough NOVEMBER 2013 After eight turbulent years during which conservatives monopolized Iranian politics, the election of centrist Atlantic Council Iran Task Force cleric Hassan Rouhani on June 14, 2013, marked a new, The Iran Task Force, launched in 2010 and chaired yet in some ways familiar chapter in post-revolutionary by Ambassador Stuart Eizenstat, performs a Iranian politics. It was new in the sense that his comprehensive analysis of Iran’s internal political sweeping victory demonstrated unprecedented popular landscape, as well as its role in the region and the desire for change and elite recognition of the need for world, to answer the question of whether there are a less confrontational foreign policy. But Rouhani’s elements within the country and region that can presidency is also familiar because the team he has build the basis for an improved relationship with assembled is drawn from the old guard of the Islamic the West and how these elements, if they exist, Republic, which enabled the regime to survive following could be utilized by US policymakers. the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq War. The Iran Task Force is a project of the Atlantic The serious economic and international challenges Council’s South Asia Center, and is supported of today have an air of déjà vu for many of these generously by a grant from the Ploughshares Fund. technocrats. The majority served under President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, who spearheaded the war-ravaged country’s reconstruction from 1989 to 1997.1 The United States can facilitate Rouhani’s efforts Rafsanjani’s successor, Mohammad Khatami, whose by implementing the historic nuclear agreement thwarted Many efforts of tothese repair figures Iran’s went relations on to withwork the for reached on November 24.