Germany in Transition: the Story So Far, Part 4 Life Under Nazi Control, 1933 - 1939

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Germany in transition: the story so far, Part 4 Life under Nazi control, 1933 - 1939 Workers in Nazi Germany: attempts to Workers in Nazi Germany: policies Women in Nazi Germany: Nazi women were expected to be reduce unemployment: towards workers: In the Weimar period, women could w______ and m_________. Women RAD: DAF: V______, work in professions such as were encouraged to have children by… ______ and were fashion conscious and Job Creation Schemes: socially i___________. Nazi women were expected to follow the 3Ks… Rearmament / conscription: KdF: K: In 1933 the Law for the E_____________ of M__________ was Was everything as it seemed with K: introduced. reducing unemployment? Volkswagen Scheme: The Lebensborn Programme was K: introduced to… Young people in Nazi Germany: Young people in Nazi Germany: the Treatment of Jews: Nazi beliefs: Treatment of Jews: persecution: education: Hitler Youth: Example of a Political action: Changes to schools included: Children could join the Hitler Youth In Nazi Germany, Jews were seen as from ___ years old, moving to the senior ___________ citizens, inferior to the Example of an economic action: groups at age ___. Activities included… German, A________ race. Jews were perceived to be ‘sub_________’. Hitler Example of a Social action: … and membership was compulsory by believed that Germany’s future 19____. depended on a pure Aryan race, which Nuremberg Laws, 1935: If their parents were negative about the would be achieved selective breeding Nazi Party, children were expected to… and ____________ the Jews. Treatment of Jews: Kristallnacht: The SS, the Gestapo and the SD: Concentration camps: Control of the legal system: Date: The SS originally acted as a b_________ First set up in _______, with the aim of Peoples Court – set up in 19____ to try Events: for Hitler. H_________ led the SS and detaining political o__________ cases of t_______. Hitler could alter they became responsible for dealing including communists. The first was in sentences if…. Hitler and the Nazis claimed this event with…... D________. was…. Concentration camps were run by the Propaganda and censorship: for example: The Gestapo was the… _____ and the ______, with the Radio – Impact of Kristallnacht – Jews were f_____ for the damage caused. Persecution G_________ responsible for arresting Cinema – increased – forced emigration plans were The SD was the i__________ body of people to be sent to a camp. Conditions Rallies – discussed and g________ were used. the Nazi Party, under the control of were horrific, with hard labour and very Books – H___________. limited food. Newspapers - .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Female Nazi Perpetrators Kara Mercure Female Nazi Perpetrators
Undergraduate Research Journal Volume 19 Article 13 2015 Female Nazi Perpetrators Kara Mercure Female Nazi Perpetrators Follow this and additional works at: https://openspaces.unk.edu/undergraduate-research-journal Part of the European History Commons, and the History of Gender Commons Recommended Citation Mercure, Kara (2015) "Female Nazi Perpetrators," Undergraduate Research Journal: Vol. 19 , Article 13. Available at: https://openspaces.unk.edu/undergraduate-research-journal/vol19/iss1/13 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Office of Undergraduate Research & Creative Activity at OpenSPACES@UNK: Scholarship, Preservation, and Creative Endeavors. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Research Journal by an authorized editor of OpenSPACES@UNK: Scholarship, Preservation, and Creative Endeavors. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Female Nazi Perpetrators Kara Mercure Nazi women perpetrators have evolved in literary works as they have become more known to scholars in the last 15 years. However, public knowledge of women’s involvement in the regime is seemingly unfamiliar. Curiosity in the topic of women’s motivation as perpetrators of genocide and war crimes has developed in contrast to a stereotypical perception of women’s gender roles to be more domesticated. Much literature has been devoted to explaining Nazi ideology and how women fit into the system. Claudia Koonz’s, Mother’s in the Fatherland, demonstrates the involvement of women in support of National Socialism. The book focuses on women in support of the regime and how they supported the regime through domestic means. Robert G. Moeller’s, The Nazi State and German Society, also examines how women were drawn to National Socialism and how their ideals progressed through the regime.
[Show full text]
Hard Hearts; the Volksgemeinschaft As an Indicator of Identity Shift Kaitlin Hampshire James Madison University
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Masters Theses The Graduate School Summer 2017 Hard times; Hard duties; Hard hearts; The Volksgemeinschaft as an indicator of identity shift Kaitlin Hampshire James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019 Part of the European History Commons, Military History Commons, and the Other German Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Hampshire, Kaitlin, "Hard times; Hard duties; Hard hearts; The oV lksgemeinschaft as na indicator of identity shift" (2017). Masters Theses. 488. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019/488 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hard Times; Hard Duties; Hard Hearts; The Volksgemeinschaft as an Indicator of Identity Shift Kaitlin Hampshire A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History August 2017 FACULTY COMMITTEE: Committee Chair: Dr. Christian Davis Committee Members/ Readers: Dr. Michael Gubser Dr. Gabrielle Lanier To Mom and Dad, I do not know how I could have done this without you! II Acknowledgements Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my director Dr. Christian Davis for his support of my Master’s Thesis. Besides my director, I would like to thank the rest of my thesis committee: Dr. Michael Gubser and Dr. Gabrielle Lanier. My deepest thanks goes to my Graduate Director and Mentor Dr.
[Show full text]
Women's Denunciations in the Third Reich
Vandana Joshi. Gender and Power in the Third Reich: Female Denouncers and the Gestapo (1933-45). Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. xx + 229 pp. $65.00, cloth, ISBN 978-1-4039-1170-4. Reviewed by Julia Torrie Published on H-German (September, 2004) In June 1939, Frau Hof, a working-class wom‐ Vandana Joshi's Gender and Power in the an from Düsseldorf, made a visit to the Gestapo. Third Reich: Female Denouncers and the Gestapo She had recently discovered that her husband had (1933-45) brings to light many cases like this one. lived with a prostitute before marrying her and It is a study of denunciations in the Third Reich that he carried a venereal disease. When Frau Hof that, Joshi argues, enabled women to "tilt the refused to sleep with her husband because of his scales of power in their favour, to appropriate illness, he became violent. Moreover, Frau Hof power and inﬂuence, to fght for their dignity and told the Gestapo, "He is left oriented, I can not to subvert the patriarchal code of domination and take it any longer.... He says that he would never subordination" (p. 47). Members of the apparently become a National Socialist." The Gestapo looked "weaker" sex used denunciations as a way to at‐ into the case, noting that there was signiﬁcant dis‐ tack the strong, "playing the game of use and cord between the couple, and that Frau Hof had abuse of power in an uninhibited and fearless already asked for her husband to be banned from way" (p.
[Show full text]
Love Between Women in the Narrative of the Holocaust
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 2015 Unacknowledged Victims: Love between Women in the Narrative of the Holocaust. An Analysis of Memoirs, Novels, Film and Public Memorials Isabel Meusen University of South Carolina - Columbia Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the Comparative Literature Commons Recommended Citation Meusen, I.(2015). Unacknowledged Victims: Love between Women in the Narrative of the Holocaust. An Analysis of Memoirs, Novels, Film and Public Memorials. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/3082 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Unacknowledged Victims: Love between Women in the Narrative of the Holocaust. An Analysis of Memoirs, Novels, Film and Public Memorials by Isabel Meusen Bachelor of Arts Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2007 Master of Arts Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2011 Master of Arts University of South Carolina, 2011 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina 2015 Accepted by: Agnes Mueller, Major Professor Yvonne Ivory, Committee Member Federica Clementi, Committee Member Laura Woliver, Committee Member Lacy Ford, Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies © Copyright by Isabel Meusen, 2015 All Rights reserved. ii Dedication Without Megan M. Howard this dissertation wouldn’t have made it out of the petri dish. Words will never be enough to express how I feel.
[Show full text]
Storytelling and Survival in the 'Murderer's House'
Storytelling and Survival in the “Murderer’s House”: Gender, Voice(lessness) and Memory in Helma Sanders-Brahms’ Deutschland, bleiche Mutter by Rebecca Reed B.A., University of Victoria, 2003 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Germanic and Slavic Studies © Rebecca Reed, 2009 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Storytelling and Survival in the “Murderer’s House”: Gender, Voice(lessness) and Memory in Helma Sanders-Brahms’ Deutschland, bleiche Mutter by Rebecca Reed B.A., University of Victoria, 2003 Supervisory Committee Dr. Helga Thorson, Supervisor (Department of Germanic and Slavic Studies) Dr. Charlotte Schallié, Departmental Member (Department of Germanic and Slavic Studies) Dr. Perry Biddiscombe, Outside Member (Department of History) iii Supervisory Committee Dr. Helga Thorson, Supervisor (Department of Germanic and Slavic Studies) Dr. Charlotte Schallié, Departmental Member (Department of Germanic and Slavic Studies) Dr. Perry Biddiscombe, Outside Member (Department of History) ABSTRACT Helma Sanders-Brahms’ film Deutschland, bleiche Mutter is an important contribution to (West) German cinema and to the discourse of Vergangenheitsbewältigung or “the struggle to come to terms with the Nazi past” and arguably the first film of New German Cinema to take as its central plot a German woman’s gendered experiences of the Second World War and its aftermath. In her film, Deutschland, bleiche Mutter, Helma Sanders-Brahms uses a variety of narrative and cinematic techniques to give voice to the frequently neglected history of non- Jewish German women’s war and post-war experiences.
[Show full text]
Life in Nazi Germany Revision Guide
Life in Nazi Germany Revision Guide Name: Key Topics 1. Nazi control of Germany 2. Nazi social policies 3. Nazi persecution of minorities @mrthorntonteach The Nazi Police State The Nazis used a number of Hitler was the head of the Third ways to control the German Reich and the country was set up to population, one of these was follow his will, from the leaders to the Police State. This meant the the 32 regional Gauleiter. Nazis used the police (secret and regular) to control what the As head of the government, Hitler people did and said, it was had complete control over Germany control using fear and terror. from politics, to the legal system and police. The Nazis use of threat, fear and intimidation was their most powerful tool to control the German All this meant there was very little people opposition to Nazi rule between 1933-39 The Gestapo The Gestapo, set up in 1933 were the Nazi secret police, they were the most feared Nazi organization. They looked for enemies of the Nazi Regime and would use any methods necessary; torture, phone tapping, informers, searching mail and raids on houses. They were no uniforms, meaning anyone could be a member of the Gestapo. They could imprison you without trial, over 160,000 were arrested for ‘political crimes’ and thousands died in custody. The SS The SS were personal bodyguards of Adolf Hitler but became an intelligence, security and police force of 240,000 Ayrans under Himmler. They were nicknamed the ‘Blackshirts’ after their uniform They had unlimited power to do what they want to rid of threats to Germany, The SS were put in charge of all the police and security forces in Germany, they also ran the concentration camps in Germany.
[Show full text]
Nazi Party from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Create account Log in Article Talk Read View source View history Nazi Party From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the German Nazi Party that existed from 1920–1945. For the ideology, see Nazism. For other Nazi Parties, see Nazi Navigation Party (disambiguation). Main page The National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: Contents National Socialist German Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (help·info), abbreviated NSDAP), commonly known Featured content Workers' Party in English as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. Its Current events Nationalsozialistische Deutsche predecessor, the German Workers' Party (DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920. The term Nazi is Random article Arbeiterpartei German and stems from Nationalsozialist,[6] due to the pronunciation of Latin -tion- as -tsion- in Donate to Wikipedia German (rather than -shon- as it is in English), with German Z being pronounced as 'ts'. Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Leader Karl Harrer Contact page 1919–1920 Anton Drexler 1920–1921 Toolbox Adolf Hitler What links here 1921–1945 Related changes Martin Bormann 1945 Upload file Special pages Founded 1920 Permanent link Dissolved 1945 Page information Preceded by German Workers' Party (DAP) Data item Succeeded by None (banned) Cite this page Ideologies continued with neo-Nazism Print/export Headquarters Munich, Germany[1] Newspaper Völkischer Beobachter Create a book Youth wing Hitler Youth Download as PDF Paramilitary Sturmabteilung
[Show full text]
I Am Fascinated by What Is Beautiful, Strong, Healthyâ•Š Leni Riefenstahl
International ResearchScape Journal Volume 7 Article 4 June 2020 I am Fascinated by What is Beautiful, Strong, Healthy” Leni Riefenstahl, Gender, and Absolved Guilt Karmann Ludwig Bowling Green State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/irj Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, International and Area Studies Commons, Other Film and Media Studies Commons, and the Visual Studies Commons Recommended Citation Ludwig, Karmann (2020) "I am Fascinated by What is Beautiful, Strong, Healthy” Leni Riefenstahl, Gender, and Absolved Guilt," International ResearchScape Journal: Vol. 7 , Article 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25035/irj.07.01.04 Available at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/irj/vol7/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in International ResearchScape Journal by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@BGSU. Ludwig: I am Fascinated by What is Beautiful, Strong, Healthy” Leni Rief ‘I am Fascinated by What is Beautiful, Strong, Healthy’” Leni Riefenstahl, Gender, and Absolved Guilt Introduction The German Nazi movement is often conjured or imagined through a variety of symbols and emblems: The Swastika, being the most notorious, comes to mind first; but this list might include images of marching, soldiers, tanks, uniforms; more subtly, one can add synchronization, militarism, and the normative masculinity that militarism signifies. Fascism is defined and perpetuated by an imagery intended to evoke certain emotions and convey subtle messages— words fail their purpose to relay complicated ideas and instead incite anger purely on mouthfeel, while images, even more dangerously, communicate to their viewer through composition a narrative they may be unwittingly consuming.
[Show full text]
Blurring the Lines Between Collaboration and Resistance: Women in Nazi Germany and Vichy and Nazi-Occupied France
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects Summer 2016 Blurring The Lines between Collaboration and Resistance: Women in Nazi Germany and Vichy and Nazi-Occupied France Katherine Michelle Thurlow College of William and Mary - Arts & Sciences, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Thurlow, Katherine Michelle, "Blurring The Lines between Collaboration and Resistance: Women in Nazi Germany and Vichy and Nazi-Occupied France" (2016). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1499449836. http://doi.org/10.21220/S2908W This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Blurring the Lines between Resistance and Collaboration: Women in Nazi Germany and Vichy and Nazi-Occupied France during World War II Katherine Michelle Thurlow Aurora, Colorado Bachelor of Arts, University of Central Florida, 2013 A Thesis presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts Lyon G. Gardner Department of History The College of William and Mary January, 2017 © Copyright by Katherine Thurlow 2016 ii iii ABSTRACT PAGE In Nazi Germany and Vichy and Nazi-Occupied France during World War II, women were involved in numerous activities that fell upon a spectrum of resistance and collaboration. Although these two categories appear at first glance to be complete opposites, women were able to maneuver their society by going back and forth along the spectrum.
[Show full text]
Shifting Racial Boundaries and Their Limits. German Women, Non-European Men, and the Negotiation of Sexuality and Intimacy in Nazi Germany
genealogy Article Shifting Racial Boundaries and Their Limits. German Women, Non-European Men, and the Negotiation of Sexuality and Intimacy in Nazi Germany Christoph Lorke Historisches Seminar, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany; [email protected] Received: 14 December 2019; Accepted: 16 March 2020; Published: 20 March 2020 Abstract: This essay examines the cultural, ethnic, and “racial” boundaries of the National Socialist “Volksgemeinschaft” based on planned, failed, and completed marriages between German women and non-European men in the early twentieth century. From evidence in the relevant ﬁles from the Federal Archives and the Political Archive of the Federal Foreign Oﬃce, this essay discusses male partners from various countries of origin as examples of the role of the state in racially mixed unions. The reactions of the institutional actors and the couples themselves demonstrated the surprising ambivalence of National Socialist racial policy due to political and diplomatic requirements. Keywords: gender; race; marriage; demography; family 1. Introduction At the turn of the twentieth century, German authorities faced increasing instances when German women wished to marry foreign partners. As in other European countries, German authorities regarded ethnically unwanted mixed marriages as dangerous liaisons, for the nation as well as for (female) individuals. After 1918/19, changes in territories and citizenship and the increase in migration led to an apparently greater need for documenting and regulating marriages involving foreigners. The authorities were usually displeased with male partners from non-European countries of origin and thus often rejected their applications for licenses. The mainsprings of these tangible expressions of rivalry (economic, as well as sexual) were xenophobia and ethnocentrism.
[Show full text]
Female Perpetrators of the Nazi Final Solution
Trinity College Trinity College Digital Repository Senior Theses and Projects Student Scholarship Spring 2015 Ordinary Women: Female Perpetrators of the Nazi Final Solution Haley A. Wodenshek Trinity College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses Part of the European History Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Wodenshek, Haley A., "Ordinary Women: Female Perpetrators of the Nazi Final Solution". Senior Theses, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 2015. Trinity College Digital Repository, https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses/522 Ordinary Women: Female Perpetrators of the Nazi Final Solution Haley Wodenshek History Department Senior Thesis Advisor: Allison Rodriguez Class of 2015 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements……………..………………………………………………………... 1 “We believe in Adolf Hitler, our Eternal Führer”………………………………………... 2 An Introduction to the Role of Nazi Women Chapter 1: “Power would tame [Hitler’s] extremism, they said”………………………. 22 The Rise and Fall of the Weimar Republic Chapter 2: Hitler’s Girls………………………………………………………………… 43 Chapter 3: Hitler’s Girls Go East……………………………………………………….. 67 Chapter 4: The Case Studies of Herta Oberheuser, Irma Grese & Ilse Koch…………... 85 The Case of Herta Oberheuser ............................................................................. 87 The Case of Irma Ilse Ida Grese, #9 ………………………………………....... 108 The Case of Ilse Koch ........................................................................................ 127 Conclusion: Fleeing the East, The Final Retreat ……………………………………... 149 “My [sic] wife, sir, wouldn’t hurt a fly.” Works Cited…………………………………………………………………………… 158 3 Acknowledgements *** This work is dedicated to my mother Anne Wodenshek, who has always pushed me to become the strong and independent woman I am today, and who gave me the gift of education. *** I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my Thesis advisor, Professor Allison Rodriguez for helping me through this yearlong process.
[Show full text]
Gender and Sexuality in Nazi Germany Nicole Loroff
Gender and Sexuality in Nazi Germany Nicole Loroff Abstract In this paper, I survey Nazi ideals on gender and sexuality and illustrate how these ideals affected both German men and women. I also discuss how Nazi views on gender and sexuality were developed and enforced by the regime. I highlight the general contradictions apparent in Nazi policy on gender and sexuality. Ultimately, the purpose of my paper is to show that the non-Jewish German population was also impacted by Nazi policies. It is often thought that Nazi ideology was primarily focused on removing the influence of Jews from all aspects of German society. However, Nazi ideas and attitudes towards race were far more complex. For the Nazi regime, establishing a pure and thriving Volk (community) was crucial to the survival of Germany and subsequently, the German people.1 Therefore, the Nazis saw themselves responsible for ensuring that the German/Aryan race flourished. In order to achieve their racial ambitions, the Nazis introduced a number of reforms that redefined Germany‟s existing social structures. These reforms also drastically limited personal freedoms of both Jewish and non-Jewish German citizens. Moreover, due to the authoritarian nature of Nazism, the regime sought to control the behaviour of people both in and out of the public sphere. Under Nazi rule, a person‟s body was no longer considered their own. Instead, the body was recognized as a public site.2 As a result, established social conceptions on gender and sexuality became susceptible to Nazi influence. To achieve their ideological objectives, the Nazi regime instituted a number of policies regarding gender and sexuality.
[Show full text]