DOCSLIB.ORG

Fashioning Women Under Totalitarian Regimes: "New Women" of Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia Victoria Vygodskaia Rust Washington University in St

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fashioning Women Under Totalitarian Regimes: Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) 5-24-2012 Fashioning Women Under Totalitarian Regimes: "New Women" of Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia Victoria Vygodskaia Rust Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd Recommended Citation Vygodskaia Rust, Victoria, "Fashioning Women Under Totalitarian Regimes: "New Women" of Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia" (2012). All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). 732. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/732 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures Program in Comparative Literature Dissertation Examination Committee: Lutz Koepnick, Chair Milica Banjanin Erin McGlothlin Max Okenfuss Lynne Tatlock Gerhild Williams Fashioning Women Under Totalitarian Regimes: “New Women” of Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia by Victoria Vygodskaia-Rust A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2012 Saint Louis, Missouri Acknowledgements I am grateful for all the intellectual challenges and support I have received at Washington University in St. Louis. From the very first seminar on (on Reformation, Witches, and Travel with Prof. Gerhild Williams), I was exposed to the most interesting primary sources and pertinent scholarship and became part of stimulating discussions. I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my “Doktorvater,” Lutz Koepnick, and my dissertation readers, Lynne Tatlock and Max Okenfuss, whose seminars especially kindled and fostered my academic interests, proved helpful in writing my comprehensive exams and eventually led me to this dissertation topic. I benefited immensely, both academically and personally, from the insightful and thorough comments and guidance I received from Profs Koepnick and Tatlock during the dissertation writing process; I am also very thankful for Prof. Okenfuss’s perspectives on the history of Late Imperial and revolutionary Russia. I admire their work and feel extremely fortunate to have been able to study and grow with such stellar scholars and teachers. They have enriched my experience at Washington University in St. Louis by pointing out my areas of growth and encouraging me to develop and clarify my own voice. I am deeply indebted to my German friends Annika Neesen and Christiane Neudorfer who at various points of this project offered help and advice. Annika and Tobi Neesen assisted me twice with obtaining a German visa and opened their home in Lüneburg for me to do research in the museum libraries of Hamburg, Berlin, and Frankfurt am Main. I enjoyed discussing my findings with Christiane, who traveled to Frankfurt am Main just to prove how welcoming and warm Germany can be. I appreciate the hospitality and friendship of these individuals more than I can ever express. I would also like to thank the knowledgeable staff of Stadtmuseum Berlin, Modeabteilung; Institut für Stadtgeschichte/Frankfurter Modeamt; Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg; the librarians at the Minsk National Library, and especially Juliet at the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York, who provided access to German and Russian fashion magazines and women’s political journals and who helped resolve a number of technical difficulties that arose during my research. ii To my parents, brother Zhenia, extended family, close friend and scholar Irina Basovets, and high school teacher Alla Romanovna Patrikeeva who showed interest, excitement and patience when hearing me speak about my dissertation, as well as provided babysitting and fun experiences for my young daughters – my most warmest thanks. Our walks, shared delicious meals, skyping and email, and everything else in between made research trips to my home country so special. And finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my American family: my mother-in-law, Wendy Rust, the late Kim McDowell, and, most importantly, my best friend and amazing husband, Jon K. Rust, whose practical help, hugs, love, and encouragement sustained and revitalized me over the course of dissertation writing. I could not have done without Jon’s feedback and proofreading, his gentle and kind humor, and never ending patience and support. I dedicate this project to him and our daughters, Yuliana and Katya. iii Table of Contents Acknowledgements i List of Illustrations Introduction 1 Chapter 1 : A Brief History of the Woman Question in Russia and Germany 9 1.1 Origins of the Woman Question Debate in Russia 12 1.2 Russian Women’s Liberation Movements 22 1.3 The Woman Question in Late Imperial Russia 25 1.4 Origins of the Woman Question Debate in Germany 38 1.5 German Women’s Movements 46 1.6 The Woman Question in the Weimar Republic 58 Chapter 2 : From New Woman to Soviet Woman 71 2.1 A Star of Russian Modernism: Anastasia Verbitskaia 73 2.3 Chronicling Pre-Revolutionary Russia: !"# $%&'&() 81 2.4 ! Feminist Bolshevik : Aleksandra Kollontai 85 2.5 A Trumpeter of Socialist Realism: Anna Karavaeva 105 2.6 Narrating Soviet Civilization: *&+,-./,0 and !/,% 111 Chapter 3 : From New Woman to Aryan Woman 120 3.1 Vicki Baum: The Working Mother in the Weimar Republic 121 3.2 The New Woman as a Motherly Scholar: Helene 131 3.3 The New Woman as an Entrepreneur: Pariser Platz 13 137 3.4 New Woman as a Commercial Artist: Die Karriere der Doris Hart 139 3.5 New Woman as a Progressive Housewife: Zwischenfall in Lohwinckel 142 3.6 Gertrud Bäumer: the Spiritual Mother of the German Liberal Bourgeois Women’s Movement 145 3.7 Ina Seidel:A Visionary of German Womanhood 167 3.8 German Mother, the Mother of Germany: Das Wunschkind 176 Chapter 4 : Controlling the Body, Disciplining the Mind: Nazi and Bolshevik Paradigms of Emancipation 187 4.1 ‘The Woman Question Solved!’ : The Nazi and Bolshevik “Liberation” of Women 188 4.2 Strengthening the Body, Disciplining the Mind : Nazi and Bolshevik Organizations and Women 210 Chapter 5 : Dressing Women under Totalitarian Regimes 242 5.1 Proletarian “Fashion” 244 5.2 Nazi “Haute Couture” 270 iv Conclusion 293 Bibliography 304 v List of Illustrations page Illustration 1: ad from Volk und Rasse (August 1936) 195 Illustration 2: Propaganda posters on liberated Soviet Woman 197 Illustration 3: Propaganda posters on sexual license in Soviet Russia 200 Illustration 4: Propaganda posters on Stalinist feminine ideal 205 Illustration 5: Propaganda posters on Komsomol 219 Illustration 6: Propaganda posters on the BDM 220 Illustration 7: Propaganda posters on the BDM continued 221 Illustration 8: BDM activities, Deutsche Moden-Zeitung (1937) 224 Illustration 9 and 10: Women parachutists, Woman Worker (July 1936), poster on women achievers by Galina Shubina (1935) 234 Illustration 11: poster Oh My Motherland is a Spacious Country by Galina Shubina (1938) 236 Illustration 12 and 13: Pasha Angelina and Yadlovskaia Woman Worker (1937) 238 Illustration 14: Constructivists Fashions: Varvara Stepanova (1923) 254 Illustration 15: Creations of Inna Mukhina 255 Illustration 16: Fashion designs by Lamanova and Exter, from Shveinaia Promyshlennost’ (Vol 7, 1931) 256 Illustration 17: Two Types of Femininity in the 1920s Russia, from Woman Worker (1923) and News Of Fashion (1925) 258 vi Illustration 18 and 19: 4 1&-,(. (1929) and Shveinaiia Promyshlennost’ 260 (1939) Illustration 20: Woman Worker (1939) and Shveinaiia Promyshlennost’ (1931) 267 Illustration 21 and 22: Soviet Propaganda Posters on Fitness 268 Illustration 23 and 24: Elegante Welt (1934) and a cover page of Deutsche Moden-Zeitung (1936) 273 Illustration 25 and 26: article from Deutsche Moden-Zeitung (1936) and article from Die Dame (1937) 274 Illustration 27: BDM girls, Die Dame (1935) 276 Illustration 28: ad from Die Dame (1938) 277 Illustration 29: cover page from Elegante Welt (1933) 278 Illustration 30: Elegante Welt (1937) 279 Illustration 31 and 32: Nazi Women in Die Dame (1935) and hat advertisements from Elegante Welt (1937) 281 Illustration 33: cover page from NS-Frauenwarte (1940) and photo of Gertrud Scholtz-Klink 286 vii Introduction In the 1920s and 1930s, women in Russia and Germany faced a formidable task: to aid in the creation of vital, prosperous, and mighty nations. As Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler emphasized, the revolutionary changes – the violent demise of autocracy in Russia and the overthrow of the Weimar Republic in Germany – aimed at the construction of harmonious communities in which women were promised to play an instrumental role. Furthermore, the so-called Woman Question, the National Socialists and the Bolsheviks claimed, was solved under their leadership: in Germany, women were restored to “nature- intended” roles, while in Russia, women allegedly received previously inaccessible rights and freedoms. The grandiose transformation of the state and the individual envisioned by the Bolsheviks and the Nazis, e.g., the creation of “new men and women,” included the elimination of undesirable classes (Russia) or nationalities (Germany) and inculcation of the rest of the population with particular characteristics, values, and morals. In order to become members
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sex Offender Registration Statutes: Impact on Addressing Sexual Abuse in Custodial Settings
    WHITE PAPER: DO NOT Distribute, Copy or Reproduce without permission from the authors LEGAL RESPONSES TO SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN CUSTODY Sex Offender Registration Statutes: Impact on Addressing Sexual Abuse in Custodial Settings Brenda V. Smith and Mary E. Pavlik The Project on Addressing Prison Rape American University, Washington College of Law www.wcl.american.edu/endsilence 1 WHITE PAPER: DO NOT Distribute, Copy or Reproduce without permission from the authors LEGAL RESPONSES TO SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN CUSTODY Sex Offender Registration Statutes: Impact on Addressing Sexual Abuse in Custodial Settings AUTHORS: Brenda V. Smith Professor of Law Director The Project on Addressing Prison Rape The Washington College of Law 4801 Massachusetts Ave NW Washington DC, 20016 Phone: 202-274-4261 Fax: 202-274-4182 [email protected] Mary E. Pavlik, Esq. Legal Consultant The Project on Addressing Prison Rape The Washington College of Law 4801 Massachusetts Ave NW Washington DC, 20016 2 WHITE PAPER: DO NOT Distribute, Copy or Reproduce without permission from the authors Copyright © 2012 for the National Institute of Corrections by Brenda V. Smith and Mary E. Pavlik Disclaimer: This publication was prepared under cooperative agreement 06S20GJ1 from the National Institute of Corrections, U.S. Department of Justice and The Project on Addressing Prison Rape. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official opinion or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from The Project on Addressing Prison Rape.
    [Show full text]
  • Gulnara Shahinian and Democracy Today Armenia Are Awarded the Anita Augspurg Prize "Women Rebels Against War"
    Heidi Meinzolt Laudatory speech, September 21 in Verden: Gulnara Shahinian and Democracy today Armenia are awarded the Anita Augspurg Prize "Women rebels against war". Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends, dear Gulnara, We are celebrating for the second time the Anita Augspurg Award "Women rebels against war". Today, exactly 161 years ago, the women's rights activist Anita Augspurg was born here in Verden. Her memory is cherished by many dedicated people here, in Munich, where she lived and worked for many years, and internationally as co-founder of our organization of the "International Women's League for Peace and Freedom" more than 100 years ago With this award we want to honour and encourage women who are committed to combating militarism and war and strive for women’s rights and Peace. On behalf of the International Women's League for Peace and Freedom, I want to thank all those who made this award ceremony possible. My special thanks go to: Mayor Lutz Brockmann, Annika Meinecke, the city representative for equal opportunities members of the City Council of Verden, all employees of the Town Hall, all supporters, especially the donors our international guests from Ukraine, Kirgistan, Italy, Sweden, Georgia who are with us today because we have an international meeting of the Civic Solidarity Platform of OSCE this weekend in Hamburg and last but not least Irmgard Hofer , German president of WILPF in the name of all present WILPFers Before I talk more about our award-winner, I would like to begin by reminding you the life and legacy of Anita Augspurg, with a special focus on 1918, exactly 100 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Meat: a Novel
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Faculty Publications 2019 Meat: A Novel Sergey Belyaev Boris Pilnyak Ronald D. LeBlanc University of New Hampshire, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/faculty_pubs Recommended Citation Belyaev, Sergey; Pilnyak, Boris; and LeBlanc, Ronald D., "Meat: A Novel" (2019). Faculty Publications. 650. https://scholars.unh.edu/faculty_pubs/650 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sergey Belyaev and Boris Pilnyak Meat: A Novel Translated by Ronald D. LeBlanc Table of Contents Acknowledgments . III Note on Translation & Transliteration . IV Meat: A Novel: Text and Context . V Meat: A Novel: Part I . 1 Meat: A Novel: Part II . 56 Meat: A Novel: Part III . 98 Memorandum from the Authors . 157 II Acknowledgments I wish to thank the several friends and colleagues who provided me with assistance, advice, and support during the course of my work on this translation project, especially those who helped me to identify some of the exotic culinary items that are mentioned in the opening section of Part I. They include Lynn Visson, Darra Goldstein, Joyce Toomre, and Viktor Konstantinovich Lanchikov. Valuable translation help with tricky grammatical constructions and idiomatic expressions was provided by Dwight and Liya Roesch, both while they were in Moscow serving as interpreters for the State Department and since their return stateside.
    [Show full text]
  • Boris Pasternak - Poems
    Classic Poetry Series Boris Pasternak - poems - Publication Date: 2012 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive Boris Pasternak(10 February 1890 - 30 May 1960) Boris Leonidovich Pasternak was a Russian language poet, novelist, and literary translator. In his native Russia, Pasternak's anthology My Sister Life, is one of the most influential collections ever published in the Russian language. Furthermore, Pasternak's theatrical translations of Goethe, Schiller, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, and William Shakespeare remain deeply popular with Russian audiences. Outside Russia, Pasternak is best known for authoring Doctor Zhivago, a novel which spans the last years of Czarist Russia and the earliest days of the Soviet Union. Banned in the USSR, Doctor Zhivago was smuggled to Milan and published in 1957. Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature the following year, an event which both humiliated and enraged the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In the midst of a massive campaign against him by both the KGB and the Union of Soviet Writers, Pasternak reluctantly agreed to decline the Prize. In his resignation letter to the Nobel Committee, Pasternak stated the reaction of the Soviet State was the only reason for his decision. By the time of his death from lung cancer in 1960, the campaign against Pasternak had severely damaged the international credibility of the U.S.S.R. He remains a major figure in Russian literature to this day. Furthermore, tactics pioneered by Pasternak were later continued, expanded, and refined by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and other Soviet dissidents. <b>Early Life</b> Pasternak was born in Moscow on 10 February, (Gregorian), 1890 (Julian 29 January) into a wealthy Russian Jewish family which had been received into the Russian Orthodox Church.
    [Show full text]
  • Sendung Am 27.12.19, 12.05 - 14.00 Uhr, BR-KLASSIK
    Sendung am 27.12.19, 12.05 - 14.00 Uhr, BR-KLASSIK Xaver Frühbeis ________________________________________________ MITTAGSMUSIK - MIT SAHNE Deutsche Schellackschlager: Ich wollt', ich wär ein Huhn ________________________________________________ MUSIK: Peter Kreuder: Ich wollt, ich wär ein Huhn Lilian Harvey, Willy Fritsch, Gesang Odeon Tanzorchester, Friedrich Schröder "Ich wollt, ich wär ein Huhn". Die Fassung mit Lilian Harvey und Willy Fritsch, die nach dem Erfolg des Films "Glückskinder" auf Schellack rauskam. Und wer den Film kennt, der muss da natürlich enttäuscht sein. Erstens sind die beiden hier bloß zu zweit, zweitens singen sie nicht wirklich viel vom Text, und drittens fehlt hier auch noch ziemlich viel vom Schwung. Den man sich erwartet, wenn man die Filmszene gesehen hat. Und der das Stück ja überhaupt ausmacht. Die Szene im Film ist grandios. Sie sind zu viert. Lilian Harvey als Landstreicherin oder Millionärstochter, das weiß man nicht so recht, Willy Fritsch als ihr Ehemann, die beiden sind das Traumpaar des deutschen Films, an ihrer Seite noch - dick und gemütlich: Oskar Sima, - klein und quirlig: Paul Kemp. Harvey und Fritsch sind frisch verheiratet, kurz nachdem sie einander zum ersten Mal gesehen haben, und passiert ist ihnen das in einem Schnellgerichtssaal. Fritsch ist Gerichtsreporter, er will Harvey vor dem Richter retten, indem er behauptet, sie sei seine Braut, sie würden auch demnächst heiraten wollen, sie seien nur noch nicht dazu gekommen, worauf der Schnellrichter den Standesbeamten holen lässt, und jetzt sind die beiden also ein Ehepaar. Das Problem mit der Hochzeitsnacht haben sie gelöst, indem sie zwischen ihre beiden Betten ein Brett mit Willys Kaktussammlung gestellt haben, und jetzt sind Willys Kollegen von der Zeitung zu Besuch, und die vier machen in der Küche Frühstück.
    [Show full text]
  • Film Film Film Film
    City of Darkness, City of Light is the first ever book-length study of the cinematic represen- tation of Paris in the films of the émigré film- PHILLIPS CITY OF LIGHT ALASTAIR CITY OF DARKNESS, makers, who found the capital a first refuge from FILM FILMFILM Hitler. In coming to Paris – a privileged site in terms of production, exhibition and the cine- CULTURE CULTURE matic imaginary of French film culture – these IN TRANSITION IN TRANSITION experienced film professionals also encounter- ed a darker side: hostility towards Germans, anti-Semitism and boycotts from French indus- try personnel, afraid of losing their jobs to for- eigners. The book juxtaposes the cinematic por- trayal of Paris in the films of Robert Siodmak, Billy Wilder, Fritz Lang, Anatole Litvak and others with wider social and cultural debates about the city in cinema. Alastair Phillips lectures in Film Stud- ies in the Department of Film, Theatre & Television at the University of Reading, UK. CITY OF Darkness CITY OF ISBN 90-5356-634-1 Light ÉMIGRÉ FILMMAKERS IN PARIS 1929-1939 9 789053 566343 ALASTAIR PHILLIPS Amsterdam University Press Amsterdam University Press WWW.AUP.NL City of Darkness, City of Light City of Darkness, City of Light Émigré Filmmakers in Paris 1929-1939 Alastair Phillips Amsterdam University Press For my mother and father, and in memory of my auntie and uncle Cover design: Kok Korpershoek, Amsterdam Lay-out: japes, Amsterdam isbn 90 5356 633 3 (hardback) isbn 90 5356 634 1 (paperback) nur 674 © Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2004 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, me- chanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permis- sion of both the copyright owner and the author of the book.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Expellee Monuments and the Contestation of German Postwar Memory
    To Our Dead: Local Expellee Monuments and the Contestation of German Postwar Memory by Jeffrey P. Luppes A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Germanic Languages and Literatures) in The University of Michigan 2010 Doctoral Committee: Professor Andrei S. Markovits, Chair Professor Geoff Eley Associate Professor Julia C. Hell Associate Professor Johannes von Moltke © Jeffrey P. Luppes 2010 To My Parents ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Writing a dissertation is a long, arduous, and often lonely exercise. Fortunately, I have had unbelievable support from many people. First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor and dissertation committee chair, Andrei S. Markovits. Andy has played the largest role in my development as a scholar. In fact, his seminal works on German politics, German history, collective memory, anti-Americanism, and sports influenced me intellectually even before I arrived in Ann Arbor. The opportunity to learn from and work with him was the main reason I wanted to attend the University of Michigan. The decision to come here has paid off immeasurably. Andy has always pushed me to do my best and has been a huge inspiration—both professionally and personally—from the start. His motivational skills and dedication to his students are unmatched. Twice, he gave me the opportunity to assist in the teaching of his very popular undergraduate course on sports and society. He was also always quick to provide recommendation letters and signatures for my many fellowship applications. Most importantly, Andy helped me rethink, re-work, and revise this dissertation at a crucial point.
    [Show full text]
  • Dichter Für Das »Dritte Reich« Band 5
    Leseprobe Rolf Düsterberg (Hg.) Dichter für das »Dritte Reich« Band 5 Biografische Studien zum Verhältnis von Literatur und Ideologie 10 Autorenporträts und eine Skizze über die Deutsche Akademie für Bildung und Kultur AISTHESIS VERLAG Bielefeld 2020 Abbildung auf dem Umschlag: Schaufenster einer Buchhandlung in Berlin, in dem einschlägige, propagan- distische Nazi-Literatur ausgestellt wird, darunter Mein Kampf von Adolf Hitler. Foto: Scherl (1933) Copyright: Scherl/Süddeutsche Zeitung Photo Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © Aisthesis Verlag Bielefeld 2020 Postfach 10 04 27, D-33504 Bielefeld Satz: Germano Wallmann, www.geisterwort.de Druck: Majuskel Medienproduktion gmbh, Wetzlar Alle Rechte vorbehalten ISBN 978-3-8498-1536-3 www.aisthesis.de Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung .......................................................................................................... 7 Judith Schnittger Elisabeth Effenberger – die schwärmerische Jung-Ideologin ............ 25 Janina Joram Otto Erler – der Deutsch-Germane ...................................................... 57 Ann-Christine Lübker Annemarie Fromme-Bechem – die niederrheinische Heimatdichterin ......................................................................................... 85 Nikola Götzl Fritz Helke – der Multifunktionär des Jugendschrifttums ...............
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and Colonial Politics After the Versailles Treaty
    Wildenthal, L. (2010). Gender and Colonial Politics after the Versailles Treaty. In Kathleen Canning, Kerstin Barndt, and Kristin McGuire (Eds.), Weimar Publics/ Weimar Subjects. Rethinking the Political Culture of Germany in the 1920s (pp. 339-359). New York: Berghahn. Gender and Colonial Politics after the Versailles Treaty Lora Wildenthal In November 1918, the revolutionary government of republican Germany proclaimed the political enfranchisement of women. In June 1919, Article 119 of the Versailles Treaty announced the disenfranchisement of German men and women as colonizers. These were tremendous changes for German women and for the colonialist movement. Yet colonialist women's activism changed surprisingly little, and the Weimar Republic proved to be a time of vitality for the colonialist movement. The specific manner in which German decolonization took place profoundly shaped interwar colonialist activism. It took place at the hands of other colonial powers and at the end of the first "total" war. The fact that other imperial metropoles forced Germany to relinquish its colonies, and not colonial subjects (many of whom had tried and failed to drive Germans from their lands in previous years), meant that German colonialists focused their criticisms on those powers. When German colonialists demanded that the Versailles Treaty be revised so that they could once again rule over Africans and others, they were expressing not only a racist claim to rule over supposed inferiors but also a reproach to the Entente powers for betraying fellow white colonizers. The specific German experience of decolonization affected how Germans viewed their former colonial subjects. In other cases of decolonization, bitter wars of national liberation dismantled fantasies of affection between colonizer and colonized.
    [Show full text]
  • Goebbels' Ufa: „Filmschaffen“ Und Ökonomie Elitenbildung Und Unterhaltungsproduktion
    Symposium Linientreu und populär. Das Ufa-Imperium 1933 bis 1945 11. und 12. Mai, Filmreihe 11. bis 14. Mai 2017 Symposium Linientreu und populär. Das Ufa-Imperium 1933 bis 1945 Ablauf, Abstracts, Kurzbiografien, Filmreihe Do, 11.05., 13:00 Akkreditierung der Symposiumsteilnehmer*innen Deutsche Kinemathek – Museum für Film und Fernsehen im Filmhaus am Potsdamer Platz, Potsdamer Straße 2, 10785 Berlin, Veranstaltungsraum, 4. OG 14:00 Begrüßung: Rainer Rother (Künstlerischer Direktor, Deutsche Kinemathek), Wolf Bauer (Co-CEO UFA GmbH), Ernst Szebedits (Vorstand Friedrich-Wilhelm-Murnau- Stiftung) 14:30 Block 1 | 100 Jahre Ufa: Rückblicke und Ausblicke Die Ufa im Nationalsozialismus – Die ersten Jahre | Rainer Rother 15:00 Alfred Hugenberg: Wegbereiter der Ufa unterm Hakenkreuz? | Friedemann Beyer 15:30 Zwischen Tradition und Moderne. Zum NS-Kulturfilm 1933–1945 | Kay Hoffmann 16:00 Über die Popularität der Ufa-Filme, 1933–1945. Präsentation von Forschungs- ergebnissen des DFG-Projektes „Begeisterte Zuschauer: Über die Filmpräferenzen der Deutschen im Dritten Reich“ | Joseph Garncarz 16:30 Kaffeepause 17:00 Im Gespräch: Mediale Vermittlung von Zeitgeschichte. Zum Umgang mit brisanten historischen Stoffen | Teilnehmer: Nico Hofmann, Thomas Weber, Moderation: Klaudia Wick 18:00 Zwangsarbeit bei der Ufa | Almuth Püschel 18:30 Die Erinnerungen Piet Reijnens – ein niederländischer Zwangsarbeiter bei der Ufa | Jens Westemeier Ende ca. 19:00 Fr. 12.05., 9:30 Block 2 | Goebbels' Ufa: „Filmschaffen“ und Ökonomie Elitenbildung und Unterhaltungsproduktion. Ufa-Lehrschau und Deutsche Filmakademie als geistiger Ausdruck der Filmstadt Babelsberg im Nationalsozialismus | Rolf Aurich 10:00 Das große Scheitern: Die Ufa als Wirtschaftsunternehmen | Alfred Reckendrees 10:30 Mythos „Filmstadt Babelsberg“. Zur Baugeschichte der legendären Ufa-Filmfabrik | Brigitte Jacob, Wolfgang Schäche 11:15 Kaffeepause 11:45 Der merkwürdige Monsieur Raoul.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Issued by the Assooation of Jewish Refugees in Creat Britaoi
    Volume XXXIV No. 4 April 1979 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOOATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN CREAT BRITAOI »'.K osenstock the French army during the summer 1939. The only chance of release from internment was the "voluntary" enlistment with the Foreign Legion. Those, who made use of this WHERE EXODUS FAILED "chance" were departed to North Africa, German Jews in Occupied France where they had to endure terrible hardship, especially as their "comrades" and superiors included criminals. In 1940, the intemment ^'Tj's month, when we are celebratmg Pesach, peated itself; like many German Jews before camps were transformed into labour camps. U) th-"^ °^ **^"* ^^''^ exodus from Germany 1933 in their aittitude to the "Ostjuden", many After the beginning of the German offensive this country. We also remember those, who French Jews considered the newcomers with in May 1940, the intemment was extended to ^shed in the holocaust because they could their alien habits as a danger to their own men up to 65 and to women between 17 and Y emigrate or were caught up in a Westem social and political security. Some of them, 55. When the German-French armistice was PuTr''^^ country during the war. A recent the authors note, felt so safe in their and concluded on June 22, 1940, some comman­ lication about the emigrants in France their ancestors' homeland thait even after the dants opened the gates, giving the inmates "^rds their fate.* German occupation they could not believe that the chance to try and escape to the Southern, ^Tne book is the first pubUcation under a they, too, were afTected by the anti-Jewish unoccupied Zone of France.
    [Show full text]
  • Split Infinities: German Feminisms and the Generational Project Birgit
    This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Oxford German Studies on 15 April 2016, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00787191.2015.1128648 Split Infinities: German Feminisms and the Generational Project Birgit Mikus, University of Oxford Emily Spiers, St Andrews University When, in the middle of the nineteenth century, the German women’s movement took off, female activists/writers expressed a desire for their political work to initiate a generational project. The achievement of equal democratic rights for men and women was perceived to be a process in which the ‘democratic spirit’ was instilled in future generations through education and the provision of exceptional role models. The First Wave of the women’s movement laid the ground, through their writing, campaigning, and petitioning, for the eventual success of obtaining women’s suffrage and sending female, elected representatives to the Reichstag in 1919. My part of this article, drawing on the essays by Hedwig Dohm (1831–1919) analyses how the idea of women’s political and social emancipation is phrased in the rhetoric of a generational project which will, in the short term, bring only minor changes to the status quo but which will enable future generations to build on the foundations of the (heterogeneous, but mostly bourgeoisie-based) first organised German women’s movement, and which was intended to function as a generational repository of women’s intellectual history. When, in the mid-2000s, a number of pop-feminist essayistic volumes appeared in Germany, their authors expressed the desire to reinvigorate feminism for a new generation of young women.
    [Show full text]