JAM) of Senegalese Refugees in the Foni Districts of the Gambia July 2013
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Multi Sectoral Joint Assessment Mission (JAM) of Senegalese Refugees in the Foni Districts of The Gambia July 2013 Data collected: November 2012 Authors: Gambia Commission for Refugees, National Nutrition Agency, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Gambia Bureau of Statistics, Department of Water Resources, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, World Food Programme, UN Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, Gambia Red Cross Society, Gambia Food and Nutrition Association and Concern Universal Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge all persons who made this assessment and its report possible, especially the heads of the two lead agencies: the UNHCR Head of Office, Mr. Sekou K. Saho, and the WFP Country Director, Ms Vitoria Ginja. We would like to thank the WFP lead consultant, Mr. Darko Petrovic, for the great amount of time and energy he has devoted to the work of the 2012 JAM assessment, especially the realisation of this report. We would like to acknowledge the members of the Technical Working Group (TWG) for their continuous contribution to the work of this assessment, all listed under Annex D. Particular acknowledgement and appreciation goes to all the enumerators, field workers, team leaders and data processors for their tireless efforts and sacrifice in collecting quality data in a challenging, fast paced and resource limited environment. Special acknowledgement goes to the refugee and host families, refugee leaders, community development workers and community leaders for their patience, commitment and kindness in creating a work friendly environment and enabling a smooth realisation of this assessment. The 2012 JAM has been made possible by the collaborative effort of 12 partners from the Government of The Gambia, United Nations System and NGO community in the country, namely: Gambia Commission for Refugees, National Nutrition Agency, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Gambia Bureau of Statistics, Department of Water Resources, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, World Food Programme, UN Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, Gambia Red Cross Society, Gambia Food and Nutrition Association and Concern Universal. A special tribute is extended in honour of Mr. Katim Nget, Programme Manager at the Gambia Red Cross Society, who passed away on Saturday, 27 July 2013 shortly before the publication of this report. Katim has been a true professional and devout humanitarian worker who was passionately committed to the plight of Casamance Refugees throughout the period of 2006 – 2013. May his soul rest in eternal peace. 2 Table of Contents Page Acknowledgements 2 Acronyms 4 List of Tables and Charts 5 Executive Summary 7 1. Introduction 12 2. Background and Rationale 14 3. Methodology 16 4. Main Findings 19 Section 1: Demography 19 Section 2: Food Security 26 a) Vulnerability and External Shocks 27 b) Food Availability, Food Access, Food Utilization and Coping 31 c) Self-Reliance 40 Section 3: Health and Nutrition 51 Section 4: Water and Sanitation 60 Section 5: Shelter 65 Section 6: Education 70 Section 7: Protection 73 5. References 77 Annex A – Detailed Tables and Charts Annex B – Draft Joint Plan of Action Annex C – Terms of Reference Annex D – Members of Technical Working Group and Assessment Teams Annex E – Questionnaires 3 Acronyms BMI – Body Mass Index CFSVA – Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Assessment CRR – Central River Region EU – European Union FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization GAFNA – The Gambia Food and Nutrition Security Association GAM – Global Acute Malnutrition GBOS – Gambia Bureau of Statistics GFD – General Food Distribution GRCS – Gambia Red Cross Society GNNSP – The Gambia National Nutrition Surveillance Programme LRR – Lower River Region MAM – Moderate Acute Malnutrition MFDC – Movement des Forces Democratiques de Casamance MUAC – Mid-Upper Arm Circumference NaNA – National Nutrition Agency NBR – North Bank Region NDMA – National Disaster Management Agency OCHA – Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs SAM – Severe Acute Malnutrition SGBV – Sexual and Gender based Violence SMART – Standard Monitoring and Relief in Transitions TWG – Technical Working Group UNFPA – United Nations Population Fund UNHCR – United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF – United Nations Children’s Fund URR – Upper River Region USAID – United States Agency for International Development VAM – Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping VDC – Village Development Committee WCR – West Coast Region WFP – World Food Programme WHO – World Health Organization 4 List of Tables and Charts Section 1: Demography Table 1: Number and distribution of refugee households per district, comparison of planning and actual figures Table 2: Number and distribution of refugee population per district, comparison of planning and actual figures Figure 1: Distribution of registered refugee population per rural districts Figure 2: Refugee households, actual presence vs. expected Figure 3: Refugee population, actual presence vs. expected Figure 4: Village distribution of new refugee population, actual presence vs. expected Figure 5: Share of refugee population / year of arrival Figure 6: Gender of refugee population / year of arrival Figure 7: Gender of refugee population / age group Figure 8: Number and distribution of refugee population / age group Figure 9: Level of education of household head Section 2: Food Security a) Vulnerability and External Shocks Map 1: Proportion of district population suffering from moderate or severe food insecurity, January 2011 Figure 10: Food Security Classification Map 2: Districts seriously affected by drop in crop production in 2011/2012, January 2012 Figure 11: Availability of household food stocks within 25 districts seriously affected by 2011 crop failure, March 2012 Figure 12: Development of rice prices in The Gambia (2008 - 2012) b) Food Availability, Food Access, Food Utilization and Coping Figure 13: Proportion of annual domestic cereal requirements covered by national cereal production Figure 14: Period of availability of self-grown cereal stocks for own consumption following harvest in 2011/12 Figure 15: Annual refugee household income Figure 16: Proportion of refugee population engaged in income generation, as per primary economic activity Figure 17: Share of households who devote share of expenditure to food Figure 18: Classification according to Food Consumption Groups Figure 19: Dietary Diversity Figure 20: Dietary Intake by consumption frequency of food groups with particular nutritional values Figure 21: Type of coping strategies employed c) Self-Reliance Box 1: Summary of key shortcomings of 2009 FFW activities Box 2: Snapshot of other livelihood interventions and type of support provided Figure 22: Access and ownership of land for livelihoods activities Figure 23: Share of households engaged in horticulture and/or crop production per number of fields under cultivation 5 Figure 24: Ownership of livestock by district Figure 25: Ownership of livestock by type of animal Figure 26: Proportion of households owning livestock, by type and number of animals owned Figure 27: Ownership of productive assets and other household items Section 3: Health and Nutrition Figure 28: Trends of acute Malnutrition in The Gambia, 2007 - 2012 Figure 29: Prevalence of Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM), wasting among children aged 6-59 months Figure 30: Prevalence of Stunting, children aged 6 - 59 months (for WCR and Gambia aged 0 – 59 months) Figure 31: Prevalence of underweight, children aged 6 - 59 months (for WCR and Gambia aged 0 – 59 months) Figure 32: Rate of coverage of major preventive health interventions, 2007 - 2008 Figure 33: Women access to disease preventive services, 2012 Figure 34: Pregnancy status of women in reproductive age Figure 35: Proportion of infants and children undergoing breast and complementary feeding, 2007 - 2008 Figure 36: Hand washing practices of refugee women in reproductive age, 2012 Figure 37: Incidence of infections and disease among refugee children aged 6-59, 2007 – 2008 and 2012 Figure 38: Access to basic health services Figure 39: Level of education of refugee mothers, 2012 Section 4: Water and Sanitation Figure 40: Does the water source meet your daily household needs for water? (Cooking, drinking and washing) Figure 41: Main reasons why water needs are unmet Figure 42: Proportion of households with unprotected water sources, 2007-12 Figure 43: Type of water sources used Figure 44: Type of toilet facility used by refugee households Figure 45: Main source of lightning for households Section 5: Shelter Figure 46: Trend in tenure status of refugee households, 2008 – 2012 Figure 47: Tenure status in 2012 Figure 48: Proportion of households with access to and ownership of land for housing Figure 49: Major material of the wall Figure 50: Major material of the floor Figure 51: Major material of the roof Section 6: Education Figure 52: Breakdown of refugee children in- and out of school, per district (2012) Section 7: Protection Figure 53: Share of ID Coverage / arrival year Figure 54: Land access and ownership 6 Executive Summary In 2011, following deficient, erratic and unevenly distributed rainfall The Gambia experienced a severe crop failure with harvest losses averaging 60-90% in most seriously affected areas, while putting at existential risk small-holder farmers and vulnerable households throughout the country. At a scale unseen since 1980, it triggered an emergency declaration and an appeal for international assistance by the Government