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30 Ishwar Gorade.Cdr Volume : 1 | Issue : 2 | November 2011 ISSN - 2249-555X Research Paper Ecology Management Of Water And Eco Sustainability Assessment Of Godavari River From Maharashtra State For Sustainable Utilization * Patil Satish S ** Ghorade Ishwar B * Associate Professor, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad ** Research Scholar, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad ABSTRACT Survey of Godavari river water in Maharashtra state is carried out to know the present status of water and its quality, pollution, manmade construction and other activities in Godavari river valley. Identification of human intervention is carried out after selecting location for biological monitoring was done. Assessment of river water bodies with reference to species diversity of flora and fauna including micro invertebrates, benthos and avifauna was done in three different seasons' summer, monsoon and winter. The seasonal study knows the impact of lotic environment on the diversity of flora and fauna in different species of enrich its wild population. Godavari river water pollution invariably altered the water quality, inturn influencing biogeochemical cycles, diversity, biomass and overall tropodynamics. Key word : Godavari river, Eco-sustainability, Tropodynamics, Biomass. Introduction The analysis of samples was carried out in the research laboratory. The survey of Godavari river water is carried out ndia is blessed with unparalleled resources of rivers, with references to species diversity of flora and fauna and reservoirs, estuaries, lakes, ponds and flood wetlands. birds such as location, nature of catchment area and main Water is one of the most natural resources for all the human activities. Seasonal population density of flora and I fauna (Trivedy et.al. 1987) was also carried out qualitatively to living organisms, weather unicellular or multi cellular, since it is required for various domestic purposes irrigation, evaluate their biotic potential. The dams constructed over shipping, power generation and industries. The man's Godavari river water are rich in bird fauna that includes some influence on these water bodies caused by rapid cutting of migratory species an ecologically important landmark. The surrounding vegetation, thus increasing silt and nutrient study on bird habits, habitat, number and seasonality were load, disposal of sewage and industrial waters, use for studied by regular field visits to the Gangapur dam, Nandur- defecation, cultural activities, and agriculture chemicals Madhmeshwar dam and Jaikwadi dam during the morning greatly increased the quantity of nutrients and organic input hours between 6.30 to 9.30 am. The birds were also observed into a water body. The water quality of the rivers and sometimes in the evening hours by using the binoculars of reservoir varies from time to time and place to place, due to magnification 8 x 30. Special features of residential and non interaction of local factors, in the absence of any in depth residential birds and their habit and habitat along with their knowledge about the water quality and ill effects the seasonal dominance were studied. The identification of birds inhabitants rare prone to disease and health problems. in summer, monsoon and winter was carried out according to Salim Ali (1996). Birds visiting the dams as a visitor in winter, In the present study attempt was made to study eco- summer and monsoon and same passes through the dam are sustainability assessment of Godavari river water flowing in also recorded. Effects of seasonal changes in diversity Maharashtra from Nasik to Nanded by studying zooplankton parameters of the dams, which are the major regulatory force and phytoplankton quantification and their seasonal in determining the population density of birds, were also abundance and bird Fauna for their seasonal diversity to studied. indicate the sustainability of water from drinking point of view. Results and Discussion Material and Methods Water quality characteristics were carried out in summer, monsoon and winter from different locations all along the Survey of Godavari river water bodies was carried out to Godavari river bed from Nashik to Nanded the river end of assess the zooplankton and phytoplankton quantification Maharashtra (Table 1 & 2). and their seasonal abundance and bird Fauna for their seasonal diversity to indicate the sustainability of water The temperature recorded at high levels in summer due to quality at different stations of upper and lower Godavari to increasing temperature in the surrounding environment and know the present status of Water Quality. Nearly of about 12 reduction of water flow into the river. Whereas, dissolved sampling stations were selected after survey from upper oxygen, BOD and COD were at low levels. Dissolved oxygen Godavari and lower Godavari river basin approximately at was high in winter due to the increased water level and low the distance of 50 km, as per the guidelines of Maharashtra turbidity and also due to increased biotic activity like Pollution Control Board and Central Pollution Control Board. photosynthesis of algal biomass. In monsoon, alkalinity at high levels where as pH was at low level. INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH X 19 Volume : 1 | Issue : 2 | November 2011 ISSN - 2249-555X Table 1: Seasonal Variations in Physico-Chemical dumped into the river resulting in accumulation of large Parameters of the water at different stations along the bank amounts of organic matter thereby giving a high biological of Godavari River from Maharashtra oxygen demand, while the lower values of BOD from summer Station Temperature 0C pH Electrical con ductivity mhos/cm Alkalinity mg/l indicated the retaining capacity of water to recover from S M W S M W S M W S M W pollution stress or organic substance 23.03 27.03 25.55 7. 97 7.70 7.89 2 38.83 2 24.47 2 32.58 482.20 472.05 459.16 S 1 +2.33 +0.80 +0.45 +0 .46 +0.37 +0.35 + 0.42 +1 6.17 +0 .705 +14.86 + 5.93 + 2.45 Four major groups of zooplankton (Rotifera, Copepoda, 3 0.19 28.42 24.62 6.73 6.97 7.24 310.62 259.62 289.50 513.6 480.0 489.34 S 2 Cladocera and Ostracoda) were studied the diversity and +1.33 +0.37 +0.69 +0.83 +0.12 +0.13 +0.28 +0.83 +0.48 +10.12 +0.83 + 0.89 seasonal abundance. Zooplanktons like 7 species of Rotifera, 2 9.48 28.62 23.42 6.81 7.14 7.2 258.3 250.15 261.3 503.4 437 462.39 S 3 5 species of Copepoda, 5 species of Cladocera and 3 species + 0.68 + 0.8 9 + 0.38 + 0 .42 + 0.30 + 0.11 + 0.07 + 0.24 + 0.18 + 0.66 + 0.11 + 0.48 30.1 29.26 25.23 6.93 7.34 7.24 264.4 255.25 258.6 468.9 451.6 402.68 S 4 of Ostracoda were identified + 0.3 + 0.6 6 + 0.08 + 0.65 + 0.72 + 0.14 + 0.08 + 0.92 + 0.48 + 1.48 + 2.93 + 4.62 29.6 26.6 21. 42 7.4 7 7.68 7.94 2 68.3 23 8.2 25 2.6 524.3 496.4 47 8.9 Figure 1: Plate 1 (Rotifera) S 5 + 0.8 + 0.38 + 2.24 + 0.8 + 0.32 + 0.49 + 0.69 + 0.89 + 0.12 + 12.3 + 8.26 + 6.20 30.24 27.5 20 .4 7. 3 7.7 7.4 25 9.3 24 2.3 26 0.3 484.3 469.1 43 8.3 S 6 + 0.14 + 0.59 + 0.43 + 0.42 + 0.40 + 0.82 + 0.36 + 0.34 + 0.59 + 8.80 + 3.22 + 1.29 30.5 28.28 22. 62 7.9 8 7.73 7.9 4 24 2.6 22 8.47 23 6.3 523.8 489.6 45 6.3 S 7 + 0.35 + 0.18 + 0.64 + 0.49 + 0.36 + 0.64 + 0.42 + 6.12 + 2.38 + 11.3 + 2.32 + 3.32 28.2 26.28 24.29 7.53 7.43 7.48 232.6 227.3 231.2 418.2 434.9 449.3 S 8 + 0.12 + 0.18 + 1.26 + 0.94 + 0.48 + 0.26 + 1.20 + 3.21 + 0.25 + 0.82 + 2.32 + 0.89 29.6 27.28 24.63 7.96 7.6 7.78 249.3 229.4. 232.4 429.3 398.2 338.3 S 9 + 2.19 + 0.18 + 0.39 + 1.26 + 0.49 + 0.78 + 3.92 + 4.12 + 4.36 + 0.78 + 2.62 + 6.78 30.2 28.29 25.34 7.42 7.62 7.26 224.6 218.9 215.62 402.68 349.2 369.2 S 10 + 0.38 + 0.68 + 0.54 + 0.42 + 0.58 + 0.12 + 0.26 + 2.48 + 0.28 + 0.74 + 2.69 + 4.33 29.6 27.5 25.23 7.98 7.47 7.14 249.3 227.3 236.3 512.2 496.2 469.2 S 11 + 0.2 + 0.59 + 0.08 + 0.49 + 0.8 + 0.30 + 3.92 + 3.21 + 0.59 + 0.93 + 2.72 + 4.24 30.2 28.62 27.62 7.46 7.32 7.5 258.9 239 243 486.3 472.6 480.2 S 12 + 0.49 + 0.34 + 0.92 + 0.39 + 0.49 + 0.23 + 0.60 + 0.89 + 0.70 + 2.5 + 0.69 + 2.69 Table 2: Seasonal Variations in Physico-Chemical Parameters of the water at different stations along the bank of Godavari River from Maharashtra Station Nitrate (mg/l) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) S M W S M W S M W S M W 2.69 4.18 3.82 8.32 8.69 9.13 3.46 2.85 2.48 18.68 10.09 15.54 S 1 + + 1.38 +0.66 +0.42 +0.93 + 1.32 +0.22 +0.62 +0.38 +3.62 +2.62 +1.08 0.33 6.21 6.73 5.93 7.39 7.82 8.51 14.46 13.83 12.57 23.62 20.74 22.43 S 2 + +2.29 +3.03 +0.49 +1.42 + 0.63 +1.48 +2.85 +0.67 +0.89 +2.6 9 +4.16 0.86 5.38 5.43 5.52 7.75 7.79 7.93 13.03 11.93 11.58 48.43 21.57 41.19 S 3 + +0.74 +0.98 +1.42 +2.69 +0.42 +3.04 +0.68 +1.42 +2.48 +0.98 +1.08 0.89 5.32 5.53 4.84 7.69 7.42 7.83 12.68 10.73 10.10 52.57 38.36 44.31 S 4 + +0.69 +1.38 +2.34 +0.78 +1.62 +1.53 +0.72 +1.42 +0.28 +0.95 +2.63 1.32 5.98 6.03 5.43 8.34 8.09 8.12 10.62 10.52 10.60 53.48 34.58 39.42 Figure 2: Plate 2 (Cladocera) S 5 + +2.21 +0.69 +0.73 +0.46 +4.43 +1.63 +0.74 +0.66 +3.46 +2.31 +1.46 0.63 4.93 4.78 4.08 7.02 7.29 7.38 10.89 9.92 9.58 64.08 49.53 53.41 S 6 + +1.19 +0.52 +3.22 +0.82 +1.93 +0.48 +0.83 +0.89 +5.57 +3.13 +0.98 0.83 4.85 5.00 4.10 6.75 7.44 7.94 12.53 11.90 11.53 70.04 35.32 51.56 S 7 + +1.01 +0.30 +0.52 +0.81 +0.18 +1.37 +0.40 +1.29 +6.37 +4.35 +10.70 1.16 5.32 4.91 4.32 6.42 6.68 6.63 13.42 12.46 12.03 68.32 52.46 50.68 S 8 + +0.46 +0.82 +0.58 +0.93 +0.18 +0.69 +2.42 +0.88 +4.31 +3.32 +0.39 1.72 4.23 4.05 3.85 5.93 5.98 6.48 11.88 11.13 10.89 53.69 39.16 46.47 S 9 + +0.68 +0.29 +0.43 +0.18 +0.57 +0.95 +1.42 +0.68 +0.94 +2.09 +2.08 0.74 4.08 4.13 3.89 5.86 6.06 6.34 9.48 9.40 8.86 49.47 28.49 42.83 S 10 + + 0.62 +0.48 +0.66 +0.42 +0.18 +0.16 +0.46 +0.23 +2.28 +1.39 +1.69 0.32 5.02 4.88 4.38 6.06 6.38 6.40 12.40 11.63 11.24 56.45 38.32 44.49 S 11 + + 0.74 +0.62 +0.57 +0.68 +0.32 +3.18 +0.57 +0.65 +4.39 +3.63 +0.98 0.83 5.51 5.02 4.86 6.34 6.51 6.46 12.49 11.38 11.08 44.82 28.72 33.08 S 12 +0.39 +0.68 +0.82 +1.41 +0.67 +0.12 +0.83 +0.98 +0.49 +1.93 +1.06 +0.98 The pH was ranged between 6.73 to 7.93 which is favorable to life in the water body.
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