Guide to the

St. Louis Civil War Roundtable / Cape Girardeau Civil War Documents

circa 1861-1867

1.5 linear feet.

2003.043

Abstract

General Orders, Special Orders, equipment reports, legal documents and receipts pertaining to the , and originating from the Cape Girardeau district. Pertain to subjects including enlistment, handling and movement of civilians, southern support in the region, supplies for the troops, and changes in command. The collection was a gift of the St. Louis Civil War Roundtable

By William Baehr, 2003 Revised by Tricia Bayer, 2007

Special Collections and Archives Kent Library One University Plaza, MS 4600 Southeast State University Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 Phone: (573) 651-2245; Fax: (573) 651-2666; Email: [email protected] Descriptive Overview

Provenance: A Gift of the St. Louis Civil War Roundtable, April 2003.

Citation: St. Louis Civil War Roundtable / Cape Girardeau Civil War Documents, Special Collections and Archives, Southeast Missouri State University.

Restrictions: None

Historical Background

The American Civil War began in 1861 after eleven states seceded from the over the issues of slavery and states rights, forming the Confederate States of America. Missouri was one of four slaveholding states that remained in the Union (the other three were Delaware, Maryland, and Kentucky), and as such had divided loyalties.

The first land battle of the Civil War was fought at Carthage, Missouri in early Jul, 1861. Following the Battle of Wilson’s Creek in August, 1861, the Confederate presence in Missouri was mainly restricted to partisan raiders in the western half of the state. Union soldiers garrisoned most cities in the state, especially along the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers where US Navy ironclad gunboats could support land operations.

At the beginning of the Civil War both sides called up soldiers of varying classes. Those in Missouri who supported the Confederates were known as the in 1861, and were later mustered into Confederate service as volunteer regiments such as the 6th Missouri Volunteers (CS) who defended Vicksburg in 1863.

The Union had volunteer regiments as well, such as the 6th Missouri Volunteers (US) who laid siege to Vicksburg in 1863. The pro-Union Missouri state government also had units which were not mustered into Federal service, known as the Missouri State Militia, which acted like volunteer regiments, but never left the state. Also, the state had a 2nd class militia called the Enrolled Missouri Militia, a national guard style unit, only assembled in times of crisis, however, many of these units served out the entire war in garrisons across Missouri.

Cape Girardeau was garrisoned by Union soldiers throughout the Civil War. Four forts, known as “A,” “B,” “C,” and “D” were constructed to defend the city in case of attack. In the spring of 1863, Confederate General John Marmaduke led a raid of several thousand men into southeastern Missouri, and attacked Union General John McNeil’s Cape Girardeau garrison. The Battle of Cape Girardeau was a brief affair, in which few men were killed. The city was held by Union forces, and the Confederates were forced to withdraw.

In 1864, Confederate General led a large raid of 12,000 men into Missouri with the intention of capturing St. Louis and drawing Federal soldiers away from other hard-pressed fronts, giving other Confederate armies room to maneuver. He passed through Ironton, and was held up for several days by Union forces there at the battle of Pilot Knob. This allowed Union forces to be rushed to St. Louis, and made an attack against the defenses there impractical. General Price turned west and was defeated by pursuing Union forces at the near City. The Confederate army then turned south and exited the state. The Confederates never again advanced into the state of Missouri.

Page 2 of 7 Descriptive Overview (cont.)

Scope and Content

This collection includes different types of documents from the American Civil War. Generally the documents fall into one of five different categories: General Orders, Special Orders, Equipment Reports, Legal Statements, and Receipts. There are a few documents which do not fit into any of these categories.

Most of the General and Special Orders are issued by the commander of the Cape Girardeau sub-district (usually Brigadier General John McNeil). Equipment Reports and Legal Statements are usually signed by Capt. J. H. Burrough, the Cape Girardeau sub-district Provost Marshal.

The collection is organized chronologically, with those undated documents in the first folder, and then by year in each folder after that. 1863 and 1864 are subdivided further, due to the large number of documents produced in those years.

List of Abbreviations

Sgt. Sergeant Lt. Lieutenant Capt. Maj. Major Lt. Col. Lieutenant Col. Colonel Brig. Gen. Brigadier General EMM Enrolled Missouri Militia MSM Missouri State Militia AAQ Acting Assistant Quartermaster AAQMGMO Acting Assistant Quartermaster General for the State of Missouri CSA Confederate States of America

Page 3 of 7 Container List

Box 1663 Folder 1 Undated Documents Item 1 Note to William Prince from Mr. Reid, Lt. for 896 lbs hay from Thos. Undated Moore, 3 bushels corn, 21 horses from Cape Edwards, 600 lbs hay, 370 lbs corn from Buckley, and 264 lbs corn from Tom Moore. Item 2 Receipt to J.M. Williams from W.R.R. Leuman[?], 1st Lt. 2nd MSM and Undated AAQ for 1208 lbs corn and 400 lbs hay, and from George H. Watson 192 lbs corn.

Folder 2 1861 Document Item 1 Pass for J.H. Burrough from C.C. Marsh, Col. Commanding Camp 1861 Jul 11 Fremont.

Folder 3 1862 Documents Item 1 Special Orders No. 3 from F.W. Fuchs, Capt. Commanding Post at Cape 1862 Aug 14 Girardeau, orders authorizing the enrollment of men into the militias of the state of Missouri from Scott County, and listing who were to be the muster officers. Item 2 Special Orders No. 1 from Jas. Peckham, Lt. Col., 29th Missouri 1862 Sep 14 Volunteer Infantry, stating that Lt. Col. Peckham assumed command of the post. Item 3 Orders to Lt. Doerniger from G.C. Thilenius, Lt. Col. Commanding EMM 1862 Nov 8 for the recipient to collect hay or corn from the surrounding countryside. Item 4 General Orders No. 1 from G.A. Eberhart, Maj., 32nd Iowa Volunteer 1862 Dec 1 Infantry stating that Maj. Eberhart assumed command of the post, and that 1st Lt. Charles Cugan[?] of the 2nd Missouri Light Artillery, Company D. would assume the duties of Post Adjutant.

Folder 4 January through April 1863 Documents Item 1 Invoice from J.H. Burrough, Capt. for 7 wool blankets. 1863 Jan 15 Item 2 Abstract of Expenditures (Form No. 13) from J.H. Burrough, Capt. with 1863 Mar 1 itemized expenditures totaling $140.50. Item 3 Abstract of Expenditures (Form No. 13) from J.H. Burrough, Capt. listing 1863 Mar 31 the amounts paid to various individuals, totaling $162.50. Item 4 Abstract of Expenditures (Form No. 13) from J.H. Burrough, Capt. with 1863 Apr 7 itemized expenditures totaling $162.50. Item 5 General Orders No. 1 from John McNeil, Brig. Gen. Commanding, 1863 Apr 24 stating that Brig. Gen. McNeil assumed command of the post and district. Item 6 Special Orders No. 4 from John McNeil, Brig. Gen. Commanding, order 1863 Apr 24 detaching men from the 32nd Iowa Volunteer Infantry for Provost Guard duty, while relieving those of the 1st Nebraska Volunteer Infantry. Item 7 General Orders No. 1 from H. Pomeroy, Lt. Co. Commanding Post, 1863 Apr 25 stating that Lt. Col. Pomeroy assumed command of the Post, and details Adjutants and duties.

Page 4 of 7 Folder 4 January through April 1863 Documents Item 8 General Orders No. [Blank] from John McNeil, Brig. Gen. order allowing 1863 Apr 25 the evacuation of non-combatants by steamer prior to combat at Cape Girardeau. Item 9 Order to the Provost Marshal from H. Pomeroy, Lt. Col. sending 1863 Apr 26 steamers to Columbus, Kentucky to pick up reinforcements. Item 10 General Orders No. 9 from John McNeil, Brig. Gen. commanding the 1863 Apr 26 removal of cash to the Illinois side of the Mississippi River. Item 11 Statement from J.D. Spohr, CSA telling of Mr. Spohr’s surrender and 1863 Apr 30 identifying southern sympathizers in the area.

Folder 5 May 1863 Documents Item 1 Special Orders No. 97 from Mr. Davidson, Brig. Gen. outlining troops 1863 May 1 under McNeil’s command. Item 2 General Orders No. 11 from John McNeil, Brig. Gen. detailing command 1863 May 7 authority around Cape Girardeau and of the 2nd Division.

Item 3 General Orders No. 12 from John McNeil, Brig. Gen. commanding the 1863 May 7 turning over of mules, horses, and arms taken from the enemy and civilians to the Quartermaster’s Department. Item 4 Special Orders No. 18 from H. Pomeroy, Lt. Col. commanding the 1863 May 7 execution of McNeil’s General Orders No. 12 of May 7, 1863. Item 5 General Orders No. 13 from John McNeil, Brig. Gen. brigading assigned 1863 May 7 units together and assigning brigade commanders. Item 6 Special Orders No. 12 from John McNeil, Brig. Gen. relieving the old and 1863 May 8 appointing the new Assistant Adjutant General. Item 7 Order to J.H. Burrough, Capt. from W.H. McLaw [?], Col. Commanding 1863 May 8 56th EMM, restricting passage through the lines of all men of military age unless they are in the military. Item 8 General Orders No. 6 from H. Pomeroy, Lt. Col. Commanding Post, in 1863 May 8 two parts; 1st reminding officers not to allow the destruction of fences for firewood, 2nd reminding officers that the enlisted men are not allowed in town. Item 9 Legal Statement from Joseph Holt recalling the illegal purchase of 1863 May 9 whiskey. Item 10 Special Orders No. 22 from H. Pomeroy, Lt. Col. Commanding Post, 1863 May 9 stipulating that no boat will move at night without authorization and that all boats are to be destroyed except those owned by men of “noted loyalty,”. Item 11 Special Orders No. 22 from H. Pomeroy, Lt. Col. Commanding Post, (2nd Copy of Item 10). Item 12 Special Orders No. 22 from H. Pomeroy, Lt. Col. Commanding Post, (3rd Copy of Item 10). Item 13 Special Orders No. 16 from John McNeil, Brig. Gen. instructing J.H. 1863 May 12 Burrough to collect all able bodied negroes, exceptions withstanding, and deliver them to the assistant engineer. Item 14 General Orders No. 17 from John McNeil, Brig. Gen. concerning 1863 May 13 slovenly behavior of soldiers while on Guard Duty, noting several different instances and establishing the punishment of working on the fortifications for future violations. Page 5 of 7 Folder 5 May 1863 Documents Item 15 Order to J.H. Burrough, Capt. from Martin Sassapisa [?] to pay Capt. 1863 May 18 Guitar [?] $70. Item 16 Special Orders No. 35 from H. Pomeroy, Lt. Col. Commanding Post, 1863 May 22 instructing the Provost Marshal to confiscate a ferry and turn it over to the Quartermaster. Item 17 Special Orders No. 41 from John McNeil, Brig. Gen. relieving H. 1863 May 25 Pomeroy of command at Cape Girardeau and appointing J.H. Benjamin as his replacement as post commander.

Folder 6 Oct 1863 Documents Item 1 Order to J.H. Burrough, Capt. from J.B. Rogers, Col. Commanding Post, 1863 Oct 4 authorizing Capt. Burrough to sign Col. Roger’s name to Permits to sell “Contraband of War,”. Item 2 Special Orders No. 133 by J.B. Rogers, Col. Commanding Post, 1863 Oct 4 identifying items guards should not allow through the lines without permits.

Folder 7 Feb through August 1864 Documents Item 1 Letter to John Wadkins[?] from J.C. Thompson, 1st Lt. and Post Adjutant, 1864 Feb 10 warning Mr. Wadkins[?] to stop his children from harassing a Union woman. Item 2 Receipt to George H. Watson and Co. from Thomas Moore, 1st Lt., for 1864 Apr 30 264 lbs corn, 164 lbs hay. Item 3 Receipt to George H. Watson and Co. from Fred Vincent, Capt., for 1864 Jul 29 1260 lbs shelled corn, 420 lbs hay. Item 4 Receipt to George H. Watson and Co. from P.S.M. Clanchon[?], Capt., 1864 Aug 4 for 691 lbs corn. Item 5 Receipt to John Edmonson from William A. Kirby, Capt., for 52 rations 1864 Aug 7 corn and 26 rations hay. Item 6 Receipt to John Edmonson from Joseph H. Cell, 2nd Lt. for 94 rations 1864 Aug 7 corn and 400 lbs hay. Item 7 Receipt to George H. Watson and Co. from W.R. Bradshaw for 192 lbs 1864 Aug 14 corn.

Folder 8 November 1864 Documents Item 1 List of Quartermaster Stores (Form No. 27) from Jno. J. Scheuer, Maj., 1864 Nov 2 items transferred to Capt. Burrough. Item 2 Invoice from Samuel J. Lepley [?], Capt. to J. M. Burrough, Capt., for 2 1864 Nov 2 wall tent floors, 2 wall tent polls, 10 wall tent ciris [?]. Item 3 Invoice of Clothing Camp and Garrison Equipage from H. Litzelfeleur, 1864 Nov 24 2nd Lt., for 9 infantry jackets. Item 4 Special Requisition (Form No. 40) from H. Litzelfeleur, 2nd Lt., 7 forms of 1864 Nov 30 items requisitioned by Company “J”[?] 56th EMM. Item 5 Receipt from J.H. Burrough, Capt., for 9 infantry jackets. 1864 Nov 30 Item 6 Invoice of Clothing, Camp, and Garrison Equipage from John Scherrer 1864 Nov 30 Jr., Maj. Brig, and Quartermaster to J. H. Burrough, Capt., list of item received in the month of November.

Page 6 of 7 Folder 8 November 1864 Documents Item 7 Invoice of Clothing, Camp, and Garrison Equipage from J.H. Burrough, 1864 Nov 30 Capt., listing who received and date the items were issued in the month of November.

Folder 9 1865 Documents Item 1 Affidavit from Francis Boyer recalling his job as captain of the post 1865 (no month steam ferry between 1861 and 1863. or day) Item 2 Receipt to George H. Watson and Co. from Daniel M. Moore, Sgt.[?], for 1865 Apr 1 144 lbs corn. Item 3 Statement from Capt. and Quartermaster of the 56th Regiment EMM, 1865 Jul 8 affirming that the Captain did not know the individual who gave him seven wool blankets. Item 4 Letter to Mr. Mack from W.R.R. Leuman[?], Lt., about paying for forage 1865 Jul 11 as found in receipts.

Folder 10 1866 Document Item 1 Notice to J.H. Burrough from Harry Wright, Maj. and AAQMGMO, in 1866 Aug 7 triplicate, of failure to account for 5 corn tents.

Folder 11 1867 Document Item 1 Notice to J.H. Burrough from Harry Wright, Maj. and AAQMGMO, of 1867 Apr 10 compliance for accounts during the war (concerning Item 1, Folder 10).

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