MaJuJneJJ June 2015 The Official Newsletter of the Friends of Jefferson Barracks Volume 27 Issue 2

Table of Contents

General News Page 1 Canteen Dance At the Friends General Meeting last April 15 the election of new officers took Canteen Dance place. John Chapman will serve as the new President of the Friends organization. Pat Upcoming Events Page 2 Galanos felt it time to pass the gavel. We want to thank Pat for her long untiring service as President. Pat continues on the board and in charge of the Gift Shop. Dennis Mertz, Patty Crocker, and Wayne Winters will continue as Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer Civil War Part 11 Pages 3-4 respectively. Thank you all for your service.

Second Battle of Page 4 For the General membership – If you have any ideas for future fundraisers, any Springfield things you would like to see the Friends do in the way of programs and events, or any Battles of Hartsville, Cape articles for the newsletter, please contact me at [email protected] Pages 5-6 Girardeau & Prices Raid The annual World War II weekend took place April 24 – 26. The Second Rangers, Friends of Jefferson Barracks once again, did a great job of putting together the camps, displays, and battle scenarios for the weekend. Attendance, once again, suffered just a little from the Saturday rains, but Sunday’s attendance was exceedingly good. In case you hadn’t heard, the good guys won Officers all three battles again this year! President – John Chapman Vice President - Dennis Mertz Secretary - Patty Crocker Treasurer - Wayne Winters Directors Al Benedick John Chapman Patty Crocker Pat Galanos Wimpy Kenner Marc Kollbaum John Lorenz Bonnie Lorenz (Alt) Dennis Mertz Mary Nowak (Alt) Richard Pisoni Ron Rolfes Jack Strosnider

Ann Thoma (Alt) Ready for the Dance Wayne Winters

The Friends of Jefferson Barracks is a 501(c) 3 organization and a part of the St Louis County Historic Sites Foundation. Membership in the Friends of Jefferson Barracks is open to all interested individuals, organizations, and corporations. Questions and comments concerning the Friends of Jefferson Barracks or any item in this newsletter should be directed to the Friends of Jefferson Barracks, 345 North Road, St. Louis, MO 63125-4259. The Friends of Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis County Department of Parks and Recreation, and the editorial staff of this newsletter assume no responsibility for the accuracy of items submitted for publication. The Jefferson Barracks Gazette, published three times a year for our members, is the official publication of the Friends of Jefferson Barracks.

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The Friends Canteen Dance took place at the new Pavilion at Lemay on the evening of April 25. I believe that all had a wonderful time. Thanks go out to the team of Friends volunteers who did the set-up on Friday afternoon and helped at the dance on Saturday night.

Dancing and having an overall great time!

I thought it might be of interest to know some of the other projects and programs that your organization helps to bring about. The Friends have approved repairs to the floor joists and door framing on 533 Grant Road and are looking at restoring the entrance gate to the Scenic Overlook on Grant Road. We had full-color pamphlets printed for the Cavalry exhibit. [If you have not seen this exhibit please do so as it is exceptional.] The Friends and Parks staff hosted the Children’s Garden Club at the Old Ordnance Room. About 50 attended the event, enjoying the snacks and a tour of the exhibit by Danny Gonzales, curator of the exhibit. Remember that we are in the 100th anniversary of World War I, which actually began in August 1914. With this in mind, the Friends purchased some WW I artifacts for use in a Doughboy education program. Please look forward to more programs and an exhibit covering “The War To End All Wars” in the Ordnance Room in 1916. These are just a few of the things in which the Friends organization is involved.

Upcoming Events Jefferson Barracks Blast – Friday, 3 July, 7 p.m. Enjoy music under the stars in the Veterans Memorial Amphitheater in Jefferson Barracks Park and a brilliant fireworks display to celebrate our country’s birth! Concessions will be available. Call (314) 615-4386 for more information. Admission is free. Scavenge Through the Night: History Found - Friday, 17 July from 7 to 10 p.m. Cost is $10 per person. History buffs, adventurers, and anyone who is looking for something different to do will find a new challenge awaiting them on our scavenger-style hunt in Jefferson Barracks. Comb trails and historic buildings in your search for answers. The evening begins at the Old Ordnance Room with an old fashioned “weenie roast” and ends with prizes for the best teams. Don’t forget your flashlight and pencil! Advanced registration is required by calling (314) 615-8472. History Campout & Movie – from Saturday, August 1 at 10am. to Sunday, August 2 at 10am. Ages 6 & up, Cost is $15 per person. In this rare and exciting experience, join us for a parent-child history campout! During the day you will learn about lives of men and women throughout history and after dinner you will enjoy a movie and a night visit to the museum. (Dinner and breakfast are on your own.) The required adult to child ratio is one adult/two children. Check in at the JB Visitor’s Center between 9-10 a.m. to receive your assigned camping area. Advanced registration is required. For reservations call (314) 544-5714 or e-mail [email protected]. Museum Volunteer Training Session – Saturday, 29 August, in the Visitors’ Center. Of special interest will be a panel discussion on the Korean and Vietnam wars with veterans of each of these conflicts. Featured guests will be Larry Ray and Jim Bauer on the Korean War and John Chapman and John Lorenz on Vietnam.

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Danny Gonzalez is leaving Jefferson Barracks - although he is not going far. Danny is taking Esley Hamilton’s position as St. Louis County Preservation Historian, and so he will be moving to Clayton. Danny has done an outstanding job in the almost two years he has served as curator at Jefferson Barracks. We wish him the best of luck in his new endeavor!

Missouri, Saint Louis, Jefferson Barracks and the Civil War, Part 11 By Marc E. Kollbaum, former curator, Jefferson Barracks Historic Park

(continued from June 2014 Newsletter)

On August 11 General was stunned to learn that Independence had fallen to the combined forces of William Quantrill and Colonels John T. Hughes, Gideon Thompson, and Upton Hayes. Schofield ordered General James Totten to concentrate his forces to deal with this threat. On August 15, Union Major Emory S. Foster, on orders from Totten, led a 740- man combined force from Lexington to Lone Jack. A 2,500-man force was dispatched from under General James G. Blunt, and a 600-man force from under General Fitz Henry Warren, but they would not arrive in time for the engagement. Foster learned that Confederate Lt. John C. Tracy was camped near town and Foster prepared to attack him. The estimate of the Confederate command had been revised to only 800 men, and about 11:00 p.m. Foster and his men attacked the Confederate camp and routed them. The firing of Foster’s cannons during this brief skirmish proved to be his undoing, for it alerted Colonel Vard Cockrell and other Confederate commanders in the area of Foster’s position and of his intent to fight. Foster’s men returned to town to rest along the main street, having been in the saddle for several days. Cockrell conferred with Upton Hays, Sydney D. Jackman, and DeWitt C. Hunter and determined to give battle the next morning with the intent of overwhelming the much smaller Union force. Early on the morning of August 16, Union pickets informed Foster that a 3,000-man Confederate force was advancing on him. Soon afterwards, this force attacked and a battle began that involved charges, retreats, and counterattacks. After five hours of fighting, during which Foster was severely wounded, Confederate Colonel Coffee reappeared with his 1,500-man force, which caused Foster’s successor, Milton H. Brawner, to order a retreat. The men left the field in good order and returned to Lexington. This was a Confederate victory, but the rebels had to evacuate the area on August 17, when they were threatened by the approach of Union forces including those of Blunt and Warren. Foster was later criticized for attacking on the first day while he was outnumbered, and not waiting for reinforcements. Capt. Brawner reported Union losses as 43 killed, 154 wounded, and 75 missing or captured, a casualty rate of 34 percent. Confederate Col. Hunter reported burying 119 Federals and 47 Confederates, but actual losses are unknown. Following the in March 1862, most Union and Confederate troops left northwestern Arkansas and southwestern Missouri. Confederate Colonel Douglas H. Cooper returned to the area on September 27 and assigned two of his units to Newtonia, where there was a mill for making breadstuffs. In mid-September, two totaling 1,500 men of Brigadier General James G. Blunt’s division of the of Kansas left Fort Scott for southwestern Missouri. On September 29, Union scouts approached Newtonia but were chased away. Other Federal troops appeared in nearby Granby where there were lead mines. Cooper sent Confederate reinforcements there. On the morning of September 30, Union troops arrived at Newtonia and fighting began around 7:00 a.m. The Confederate forces quickly took cover at the Ritchey Mansion, which made a good defensive position since the house and stone barn were surrounded by stone fences. The Ritchey Mansion also served as a Confederate field hospital in the aftermath of the day-long battle. The Federals began driving the enemy, but Confederate reinforcements arrived. The Federal troops gave way and retreated in haste. As they did so, additional Union reinforcements appeared and helped to stem the retreat. They soon renewed the attack, threatening the Confederate right flank, but newly-arrived Confederates stopped the assault and eventually forced the Federals to retire. The Confederates pursued the Federals until after dark. Union gunners posted artillery in the road to halt the pursuit. As Confederate gunners observed the enemy artillery fire for its location, they fired back, creating panic. The Union retreat turned into a rout, as some ran all the way to Sarcoxie, more than ten miles away. Although the Confederates won the battle, they were unable to maintain themselves in the area given the great number of Union troops. Most Confederates retreated into northwest Arkansas. Estimated casualties came to a total of 345; 245 U.S. troops and 100 Confederates. The 1862 Confederate victories in southwestern Missouri at Newtonia and at Clark’s Mill were the South’s apogee in the area. Afterwards, the only Confederates in the area belonged to raiding columns. Newtonia was one of the few battles of the Civil War in which Native Americans played a significant role on both sides. On the Confederate side were Major Bryan’s 1st Cherokee Battalion, Col. Tandy Walker’s 1st Choctaw and Chickasaw Mounted Rifles, and Col. Sampson Folsom’s 1st Choctaw Regiment. On the Union side were the 3rd Indian Home Guards, led by Col. William A. Phillips. Other American Indian groups represented at Newtonia included the “Pin” Cherokee, and the Shawnee, Wichita, Quapaw, Caddo, and Kickapoo. In November of 1862, 1,200 to 1,500 well-armed Confederate soldiers moved into southcentral Missouri. They carried four 6-pounder cannons with them. Their mission was to destroy all mills, blockhouses, and other structures in this area. Their intent was to destroy anything that might aid the Union Army. Having received reports that Confederate troops were in the area, Capt. Hiram E. Barstow, the Union commander at Clark’s Mill, sent a detachment toward Gainesville, and he led another southeastward. Barstow’s men ran into a Confederate force, skirmished with them and drove them back. His column then fell back to Clark’s Mill where he learned that another Confederate force was coming from the northeast. Unlimbering artillery to command both approach roads, Barstow was soon engaged in a five-hour fight with the enemy. The Confederates involved were the 4th Missouri 3Cavalry, commanded by Col. John QA. Burbridge; the 3rd Missouri th Infantry, commanded by Col. ; and the 8 Missouri Cavalry, under Col. William Jeffers. All were part of John S. Marmaduke’s Division of the West. Under a white flag, the Confederates demanded surrender, and the Union, given their numerical inf inf with the enemy. The Confederates involved were the 4th Missouri Cavalry, commanded by Col. John Q. Burbridge; the 3rd Missouri Infantry, commanded by Col. Colton Greene; and the 8th Missouri Cavalry, under Col. William Jeffers. All were part of John S. Marmaduke’s Division of the . Under a white flag, the Confederates demanded surrender, and the Union, given their numerical inferiority, accepted. The Confederates paroled the Union troops and departed after burning the blockhouse at Clark’s Mill. The Battle of Clark’s Mill helped the Confederates to maintain a toehold in southwestern Missouri. This battle ended the organized fighting in Missouri in 1862. Of course guerilla raids continued unabated throughout the year.

Bibliography Centennial History of Missouri: 1820-1921, Volume I, Walter B. Stevens. Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders, Ezra J. Warner Historical Register and Dictionary of the U.S. Army, Volume I, Francis B. Heitman History of St. Louis City and County, Volume I, J. Thomas Scharf Lion of the Valley: St. Louis, Missouri, James Neal Primm Post Returns, Jefferson Barracks

Civil War Battles in Missouri

Second Battle of Springfield January 8, 1863 On December 31, 1862, three columns of cavalry commanded by Confederate Brig. Gen. John S. Marmaduke left Lewisburg, Arkansas, and trotted north toward Missouri and the Union supply line. Marmaduke’s primary objective was the destruction of the Union Army of the Frontier’s major winter supply depot, housed in and around Springfield, Missouri’s Public Square. If successful, Marmaduke would cause severe hardship for the Army of the Frontier and almost certainly force that army’s withdrawal from Arkansas. Marmaduke’s main column proceeded north through Forsyth, Missouri, to Ozark, Missouri. The Union garrison at Ozark withdrew and the Confederates burned its abandoned fort. A second column, commanded by Col. Emmett MacDonald, destroyed the Union fort at Lawrence Mill on Beaver Creek, about ten miles southwest of Ava. The third column, commanded by Col. Joseph C. Porter passed north through Hartville. All three commands were to converge on Springfield in an attempt to capture the city’s lightly defended warehouses of military supplies. On the night of January 7, 1863, the Federals from the Ozark garrison reached Springfield and informed the local commander, Brig. Gen. Egbert Brown, that a Confederate cavalry force, with an estimated strength of between 4,000 and 6,000 men, was headed for Springfield. With only 1,343 veteran troops, Brown had two options. He could destroy all the supplies at Springfield and retreat, or he could defend the town. Gen. Grant on December 23, 1862, had published a major censure of the Union commander and forces which had participated in the disgraceful surrender of Grant’s Holly Springs supply depot. No doubt, Brown with this in mind had a strong reason to favor the defense of Springfield. Brown immediately sent dispatches to the surrounding communities, calling for the Enrolled Missouri Militia to hurry to Springfield. He also ordered the removal of 50,000 rations from Springfield into Fort No. 1 and prepared for the burning of the armory in the event of defeat. Two of the Confederate columns approached Springfield from the south at dawn on January 8, 1863. McDonald finally reached the city around 10:30 a.m. The Confederates dismounted three regiments about three miles from Springfield and advanced to feel out the Union lines and develop their strength. After the Confederates had pushed two Union Missouri State Militia Cavalry regiments two miles north, the smoking ruins of burning homes on the outskirts of Springfield came into view. Brown had ordered a number of homes along South Avenue burned in order to provide an unobstructed view for his artillery. Col. Joseph O. Shelby took command of tactical operations, launching piecemeal assaults upon the Union center and west flank. The Confederates advanced over open ground against Fort No. 4, seeking shelter behind anything they could find. Despite repeated efforts, the assaults on the fort failed. Shelby resolved to take Springfield by an oblique attack from the west. A ravine that led uphill toward the town offered the Confederates cover. At the head of this ravine stood a two-story brick academy surrounded by a stockade that the Federals used it as a prison. However, they had failed to man the stockade, allowing the Confederates to seize the building and use it as their own fortress to return the fire from Fort No. 4. Heavy fighting soon erupted around the stockade as the Union forces attempted to retake the college and stockade. The Confederates had the advantage of numbers and pressed their own attack. This phase of the assault saw the heaviest casualties and hand-to-hand fighting, With the sun sinking, Marmaduke launched a final assault against Fort No. 4. The Union forces again repelled the attack. As night fell, the Confederates withdrew to the Phelps farm. The Battle of Springfield had ended, and the Union supply depot was safe. The Union forces involved numbered approximately 2,099. Of these 19 were killed or missing and 146 were wounded. The Confederates suffered 240 casualties with at least 45 killed. Casualty figures remain uncertain to this day.

(Information taken from www.wordiq.com/definition/Battle_of_Springfield; www.mycivlwar.com/battles/630107.htm

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The Battle of Hartville January 9 – 11, 1863 Confederate Gen. John S. Marmaduke led a raid into Missouri in early January 1863. This movement was two-pronged. Col. Joseph S. Porter led one column, which was comprised of his Missouri Cavalry , out of Pocahontas, Arkansas, to assault Union posts around Hartville, Missouri. When he neared Hartville on January 9, he sent a detachment forward to reconnoiter. It succeeded in capturing the small militia garrison and occupying the town. The same day, Porter moved toward Marshfield. On January 10, some of Porter’s men raided other Union installations in the area before making contact with Marmaduke’s column east of Marshfield. Marmaduke had received reports of Union troops approaching to surround him and had prepared for a confrontation. On January 10, Col. Samuel Merrill, commanding an approaching Union relief column from Houston, Missouri, arrived at Hartville. After learning that the small garrison had already surrendered, Merrill set out for Springfield. His force went into camp on Wood’s Fork on the Gasconade River. Early on the morning of January 11 the Confederates under Porter made contact with Merrill’s scouts and skirmishing started. Marmaduke, fearful of having his retreat route back to Arkansas cut off, pressed Merrill’s force back to Hartville. In Hartville, Merrill established a defensive line covering the high ground west of the courthouse. Porter’s and Joseph Shelby’s brigades attempted to dislodge Merrill’s force, but it was too strongly positioned. During the next four hours several Confederate assaults took place, finally forcing the Federals to retreat at the cost of many Confederate casualties. Elements of both commands observed the other withdrawing from the field as night approached, and both claimed victory. From the Union’s perspective they had repulsed Marmaduke’s assaults inflicting heavy casualties, but the Federals had been forced to leave the field. From the Confederate perspective Marmaduke had united his force and secured his line of withdrawal. He set up a field hospital and could claim control of the field, however briefly. Shortly after the Union withdrawal Marmaduke was compelled to make a rapid retreat into Arkansas. Additionally, the frontal assaults had resulted in the death or mortal wounding of several senior Confederate officers including Col. Joseph C. Porter, Col. Emmett MacDonald, Lt. Col. John Wimer and Major George R. Kirtley. (Taken from http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/abpp/battles/mo019.htm)

Battle of Cape Girardeau April 26, 1863

Confederate Gen. Marmaduke began his second raid into Missouri from northeast Arkansas on April 18, 1863. During the raid, he intended to obtain much-needed supplies for his troops, many of which were unarmed. Marmaduke organized his division of 5,000 men into two columns, each consisting of two brigades. Col. George W. Carter led one column, consisting of a brigade led by Col. Colton Greene and the other by Carter himself. The second column was led by Col. Joseph O. Shelby and consisted of Shelby’s famous “Iron Brigade,” commanded by Col. George W. Thompson, and the other by Col. John Q. Burbridge. The division also had eight to ten pieces of artillery. Marmaduke ordered Carter’s column to advance toward Bloomfield, Missouri, and attempt to capture the Federal garrison there under the command of Brig. Gen. John McNeil. Marmaduke accompanied Shelby’s column to Fredericktown. He thought that if McNeil managed to escape he would head to Pilot Knob - headquarters of the region - and the Confederates could cut him off at Fredericktown. Shelby’s column reached Fredericktown on April 22, but Carter’s column did not reach Bloomfield until April 23 due to difficulties crossing the Mingo Swamps. When Carter reached Bloomfield he learned that McNeil had left it in ruins two days earlier. McNeil learned of Marmaduke’s position so instead of following orders to retreat to Pilot Knob, he fled northeast to heavily- fortified Cape Girardeau, arriving on the evening of April 24. Carter, even though ordered not to pursue McNeil if he went anyplace other than Pilot Knob, followed him to within 4 miles of Cape Girardeau, arriving at mid-day on April 25. Carter sent a letter to McNeil demanding his surrender within 30 minutes. McNeil was confident in the strength of his defense and refused to surrender. Fearing an attack, Carter informed Marmaduke of his situation. Marmaduke then proceeded with Shelby’s column to reinforce Carter. On the night of April 25, in anticipation of an attack, Gen. McNeil ordered the evacuation of women and children via steamboat to a safer location upriver. Also during the night two gunboats and a steamer arrived with additional troops to support McNeil. With the gunboats in place McNeil did not foresee any threat from the Mississippi River side of the city, so he had cannons moved from Forts A and D along the river to Forts B and C on the western side of the city. McNeil’s forces totaled 4,000 men, including supporting regiments from Iowa, Wisconsin, Nebraska, and Illinois (some of these units may have arrived after the action had ended). Shelby’s column arrived at Cape Girardeau early on April 26. With Gen. Marmaduke’s entire division on the western edge of the city, it assumed a formation that consisted of Col. Burbridge’s brigade in the center, Shelby’s on the left and Carter’s on the right. The line extended from just east of St. Mary’s Cemetery to Gordonville Road on the south (near the present intersection of Missouri Ave. & Mississippi St.). The attack began around 10:00 a.m. on April 26. Unsuccessful charges were made by cavalry units from both sides, the Federal troops were driven back by Col. Shelby’s superior cavalry forces and the Confederates were met with heavy fire from field artillery and the guns of Forts B and C. The artillery fire between the forts and Shelby’s Brigade made up the bulk of the action. The fighting lasted approximately four to five hours, ceasing sometime after 2:00 p.m. when Gen. Marmaduke ordered his forces to withdraw. 55

No reliable reports on casualties were ever made as “official” figures tended by be exaggerated and unfounded. The number of confirmed dead was not more than ten on either side. Following the conflict, Gen. Marmaduke retreated to Jackson and then led his troops back to Arkansas, bringing an end to his second Missouri raid. Federal troops followed Marmaduke, but made no contact. Though neither side had a clear victory at the closing of the day’s fighting, the battle was a strategic Union victory that forced the Confederates to retreat to Arkansas. (Information taken from www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/mo020.htm)

Price’s Missouri Expedition also known as Price’s Raid August 28, 1864 – December 2, 1864

Popularly known as Price’s Raid, this expedition into Missouri and Kansas commanded by Major General was a Confederate cavalry raid aimed at preventing the re-election of . Although Price enjoyed some successes during the campaign he was eventually driven back into Arkansas. After three years of bloody and inconclusive fighting, Confederate authorities had become desperate knowing that if Lincoln was re-elected it would be a disaster for their cause. Ulysses S. Grant had Robert E. Lee bottled up in the Siege of Petersburg; Philip Sheridan had chased Jubal Early away from Washington, D.C. and was pursuing him up the Shenandoah Valley; and William T. Sherman had captured Atlanta. During the summer of 1864 Lt. Gen. had been ordered to send a corps under Richard Taylor east across the Mississippi River to assist in the defense of Atlanta and Mobile. Taylor had been unsuccessful in crossing the river due to Union gunboat patrols. Smith then decided to capture Missouri for the Confederacy, believing this might turn northern public opinion against Lincoln. To this end, Smith ordered Sterling Price to invade Missouri, in the direction of St. Louis. Price’s mission was to capture St. Louis and its warehouses full of military supplies. When the element of surprise had been lost at Pilot Knob and , Price turned west in an attempt to capture Jefferson City, the state capital. After capturing Jefferson City, Price was to continue west into Kansas rounding up all the mules, horses, cattle, and military supplies in that country. Price assembled a force which he named the Army of Missouri, consisting of 12,000 men - a third of whom were unarmed - and 14 pieces of artillery. His army was divided into three divisions under Maj. Gen. James F. Fagan, Maj. Gen. John S. Marmaduke and Brig. Gen. Joseph O. Shelby. A rather motley crew, most of Price’s men had no personal equipment such as canteens and cartridge boxes; many carried jugs for water and stuffed ammunition in their shirts or pants. Opposing Price the Union had state militia units and the XVI Corps commanded by Maj. Gen. Andrew J. Smith, augmented by Maj. Gen. ’s cavalry division. By mid-October, more troops had arrived from the Kansas border under Maj. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis, Price’s old adversary at Pea Ridge. In overall command, Curtis’s command included the divisions of Maj. Gen. James G. Blunt (cavalry), Maj. Gen. George W. Dietzler (Kansas Militia), Pleansonton’s cavalry, and two infantry divisions from Smith’s Corps under Col. Joseph J. Woods and David C. Moore – about 35,000 men in all. Price departed Camden, Arkansas on August 28, 1864. The next day he linked up with two divisions in Princeton and a third at Pocahontas on September 13. His combined force entered Missouri on September 19, and began almost daily skirmishing with Missouri Union militia. Price’s first real battle came on September 27, at Pilot Knob, southwest of St. Louis in Iron County. Price’s command would fight the Battle of Fort Davidson on September 27; the Fourth Battle of Boonville on October 11; the Battle of Glasgow on October 15; the Battle of Sedalia on October 15; the Second Battle of Lexington on October 19; the Battle of Little Blue River on October 21; the Second Battle of Independence on October 21/22; the Battle of Byram’s Ford on October 22/23; the on October 23’ the Battle of Marias des Cygnes on October 25; the Battle of Mine Creek on October 25; the Battle of Marmiton River on October 25; and the Second Battle of Newtonia on October 28. This would prove to be the final battle in Price’s Missouri campaign. Needing to avoid Fort Smith, Arkansas, Price swung west into Indian Territory and Texas before returning to Arkansas on December 2 with only 6,000 survivors from his original force of 12,000. Price reported to Kirby Smith that he “marched 1,434 miles, fought 43 battles and skirmishes, captured and paroled over 3,000 Federal officers and men, captured 18 pieces of artillery…and destroyed Missouri property…of $10,000,000 value.” Nevertheless, Price’s mission had been a complete failure and contributed, along with Union successes in Virginia and Georgia, to the re-election of President Lincoln. Price’s raid would prove to be the final major offensive in the Trans-Mississippi region during the war.

(Information taken from http://wapedia.mobi/en/Price%27s_Raid; & www.associatepublisher.com/e/p//pr/price’s_raind.htm)

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