PJSC Gazprom Annual Report 2016
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BOFIT Weekly Yearbook 2009
BOFIT BOFIT Weekly Yearbook 2009 Bank of Finland, BOFIT Institute for Economies in Transition BOFIT Weekly Editor-in-Chief Seija Lainela Bank of Finland BOFIT – Institute for Economies in Transition PO Box 160 FIN-00101 Helsinki Phone: +358 10 831 2268 Fax: +358 10 831 2294 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bof.fi/bofit The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Bank of Finland. BOFIT Weekly --- Russia 2009 1.1.2009 BOFIT Weekly – Russia 1/2009 Rouble continues to weaken. Growth continued to fade in November. Economic development ministry scenarios see signifi-cantly slowing economy in coming year. Government identifies enterprises crucial to economic system. Four trillion roubles in financial sector support already released. 9.1.2009 BOFIT Weekly – Russia 2/2009 Russian oil production in decline. Russia won’t openly commit to OPEC production cuts. Russia and Ukraine lock horns again on pricing of natural gas contracts and transmission fees. Stimulus legislation enters into force. 16.1.2009 BOFIT Weekly – Russia 3/2009 Rouble’s decline continues after market reopens January 11. Current account surplus shrank substantially in 4Q08. Moscow stock exchanges post worst performance in a decade. Economic woes impairing banking sector growth. Inflation subsided towards the end of 2008. 23.1.2009 BOFIT Weekly – Russia 4/2009 CBR announces new rouble policy. 2008 federal budget remained strongly in the black. Finance ministry alters this year’s federal budget. Changes in custom tariffs to support the economy. Government approves 2020 development plan. 30.1.2009 BOFIT Weekly – Russia 5/2009 Russian central bank modifies exchange rate policy. -
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Julian Grinschgl FOKUS | 3/2019 Pipeline Politics, A Single Market, and the Rise of Renewable Energy: Challenges and Pathways for European Energy Security Introduction (CEE) are highly dependent on Russian The Pipeline Legacy gas supplies. Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, At the end of 2018, Gazprom reported Estonia, Latvia, Hungary, Austria, Poland, The collapse of the Soviet Union meant a record high in natural gas exports to Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, and Finland that the immense network of pipelines Europe, exceeding 200 billion cubic meters import more than 75% of their gas from linking the Siberian gas fields and Europe (bcm) for the first time.1 As of early January Russia.8 Furthermore, gas was used for as are now crossing numerous countries wit- 2019, the United States (US) ambassa- much as a quarter of total primary energy hout an overarching regulator. This creates dor to Germany threatened to sanction consumption in the EU and by looking at tensions between destination, transit, German companies that will continue broader and more long-term scenarios of and supplier countries due to problems to be engaged in the controversial Nord future energy demands it is expected that of governance because these pipelines Stream 2 (NS2) project, aiming to build the share of natural gas in the EU’s energy can be abused as a political tool. Ukra- another direct pipeline from Russia to mix might even further increase.9 The dec- ine, which has been the transit land for Germany circumventing transit states.2 line of domestic gas production in -
Hydrogen at the Gates: Towards a New Chapter in the EU-Russia Energy Relations
Hydrogen at the Gates: Towards a New Chapter in the EU-Russia Energy Relations by Aliaksei Patonia Having ratified the Paris Agreement, the European Union (EU) pledged to substantially lower the level of its carbon emissions and become climate-neutral by 2050. In this respect, hydrogen (H2) – an energy source that could prospectively substitute conventional hydrocarbons – is viewed as an important element in achieving these ambitious targets, as it could revolutionize the energy industry. Here, though the EU puts specific attention to the build-up of H2 generation based on renewables, the cheapest way of its current large-scale production is using natural gas as a feedstock – the fuel imported primarily from Russia. This tradeoff between costs and climate commitments makes the future of the EU-Russia energy relations particularly tricky. EU’s Hydrogen Strategy vs. Russia’s ‘Hydrogen Roadmap’ Since energy production and consumption are the largest sources of CO2 emissions in the EU- 271, meeting the climate targets will necessitate a comprehensive transformation of the energy sector. Nevertheless, the energy industries in most European countries are still extensively reliant on hydrocarbons, in general (Figure 1), and natural gas, in particular, most of which is supplied by Russia. That is why, shifting the European economic paradigm towards sustainability is likely to necessitate the review of the EU-Russia energy relations, since Russia’s little focus on climate policy. 1 EEA (2013) 1 Figure 1: EU energy imports from Russia and energy mix2 Though, within the EU, reaching climate neutrality – i.e. the economy with net-zero greenhouse gas emissions – is generally viewed through decarbonization (the substitution of fossil fuels by renewables)3, the intermittency of wind and solar power necessitates finding a way to store large volumes of energy for a long time so that they could be integrated into the energy system4. -
First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation I. Shuvalov Visits IIB’S Headquarters June 9, 2016
Budapest, Fő utca 1, H-1011, Hungary Phone: : +36 1 727 8888 Fax: : +7 (499) 975-20-70 E-mail: [email protected] First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation I. Shuvalov visits IIB’s headquarters June 9, 2016 Yesterday, First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Igor Shuvalov held a meeting with the members of the Board of the International Investment Bank (IIB) at the Bank’s headquarters in Moscow. Together they discussed IIB’s prospects and results of its reform launched in 2012 as well as the implementation of the most important projects with Russian participation. The renewed IIB is reoriented towards project finance with an emphasis on supporting small and medium-sized businesses, export-import operations and infrastructural projects. IIB’s Chairman, Nikolay Kosov, informed I. Shuvalov that “since the end of 2012, the Bank has signed investment agreements totalling almost EUR 640 million and has increased its assets by more than 100% while continuing to grow steadily. The IIB has expanded geographically by admitting Hungary as a new member and opening the first representative office in its history – European Regional Office in Bratislava”. Igor Shuvalov emphasized the Bank's successes over the past years, especially in relation to setting up a modern risk management system and expanding its portfolio of support provided to small and medium-sized businesses. Meeting with IIB’s management, the First Deputy Prime Minister called for the implementation of a strategy aiming to create an entirely new financial platform with new capacity and possibilities for entrepreneurs in the member states. -
Zhenotdel, Russian Women and the Communist Party, 1919-1930
RED ‘TEASPOONS OF CHARITY’: ZHENOTDEL, RUSSIAN WOMEN AND THE COMMUNIST PARTY, 1919-1930 by Michelle Jane Patterson A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto © Copyright by Michelle Jane Patterson 2011 Abstract “Red ‘Teaspoons of Charity’: Zhenotdel, the Communist Party and Russian Women, 1919-1930” Doctorate of Philosophy, 2011 Michelle Jane Patterson Department of History, University of Toronto After the Bolshevik assumption of power in 1917, the arguably much more difficult task of creating a revolutionary society began. In 1919, to ensure Russian women supported the Communist party, the Zhenotdel, or women’s department, was established. Its aim was propagating the Communist party’s message through local branches attached to party committees at every level of the hierarchy. This dissertation is an analysis of the Communist party’s Zhenotdel in Petrograd/ Leningrad during the 1920s. Most Western Zhenotdel histories were written in the pre-archival era, and this is the first study to extensively utilize material in the former Leningrad party archive, TsGAIPD SPb. Both the quality and quantity of Zhenotdel fonds is superior at St.Peterburg’s TsGAIPD SPb than Moscow’s RGASPI. While most scholars have used Moscow-centric journals like Kommunistka, Krest’ianka and Rabotnitsa, this study has thoroughly utilized the Leningrad Zhenotdel journal Rabotnitsa i krest’ianka and a rich and extensive collection of Zhenotdel questionnaires. Women’s speeches from Zhenotdel conferences, as well as factory and field reports, have also been folded into the dissertation’s five chapters on: organizational issues, the unemployed, housewives and prostitutes, peasants, and workers. -
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www.ssoar.info The evolution of peasant economy in the industrial center of Russia at the end of the XIXth - beginning of the XXth century: (according to the Zemstvo statistical data) Ossokina, H.; Satarov, G. Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Ossokina, H., & Satarov, G. (1991). The evolution of peasant economy in the industrial center of Russia at the end of the XIXth - beginning of the XXth century: (according to the Zemstvo statistical data). Historical Social Research, 16(2), 74-89. https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.16.1991.2.74-89 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY Lizenz (Namensnennung) zur This document is made available under a CC BY Licence Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden (Attribution). For more Information see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de Diese Version ist zitierbar unter / This version is citable under: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-33259 Historical Social Research, Vol. 16 — 1991 — No. 2, 74-89 The Evolution of Peasant Economy in the Industrial Center of Russia at the End of the XlXth - Beginning of the XXth Century (According to the Zemstvo Statistical Data) H. Ossokina, G. Satarov* Abstract: The dispute on Russian agrarian capitalism is a century old. The authors' aim is to reveal and to ana• lyse the factors which determined the evolution of pea• sant economy in the Industrial Center on the turn of the century. -
The North Caucasus: the Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law
The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law Europe Report N°226 | 6 September 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Russia between Decentralisation and the “Vertical of Power” ....................................... 3 A. Federative Relations Today ....................................................................................... 4 B. Local Government ...................................................................................................... 6 C. Funding and budgets ................................................................................................. 6 III. Elections ........................................................................................................................... 9 A. State Duma Elections 2011 ........................................................................................ 9 B. Presidential Elections 2012 ...................................................................................... -
LNG Plant Cost Reduction 2014–18
October 2018 LNG Plant Cost Reduction 2014–18 OIES PAPER: NG137 Brian Songhurst Research Associate, OIES The contents of this paper are the author’s sole responsibility. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies or any of its members. Copyright © 2018 Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (Registered Charity, No. 286084) This publication may be reproduced in part for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. ISBN: 978-1-78467-120-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26889/9781784671204 i LNG Plant Cost Reduction 2014–18 – October 2018 Acknowledgements My thanks to fellow OIES colleague Claudio-Steuer for his contributions during the drafting of this paper. My thanks also to the following industry colleagues for their review and comments on the draft: Toby Chancellor-Weale, Chair, IChemE Oil and Natural Gas Special Interest Group (SONG) Chris Spilsbury, LNG Specialists Ltd John Rushbrook, Consultant ii LNG Plant Cost Reduction 2014–18 – October 2018 Preface In his recent papers for OIES on the future of gas in Europe and the global energy economy, Jonathan Stern identified affordability as a key factor in determining whether gas would play a major role in Non-OECD countries. As the majority of traded gas will be LNG, the key question is therefore whether the cost of developing new liquefaction projects can be low enough to allow the gas to be competitive when it reaches the end consumer. -
INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP the Case of Russia
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP The Case of Russia V.D. Khizhniak St. Petersburg Publishing House of SPbSPU 2012 1 Khizhniak, Vladimir International Entrepreneurship: the Case of Russia. A manual for students. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of SPbSPU, 2012. This manual is intended for students interested in international business. The theoretical concepts and practical issues of international entrepreneurship are considered with reference to Russia, one of the most promising sites for international business. ISBN © St. Petersburg State Plytechnical University, 2012 2 CONTENTS Chapter 1 General Characteristic of International Entrepreneurship 6 Chapter 2 The Russian Marketplace in a Global Context 24 Chapter 3 Business Environment and General Terms of Business 46 Chapter 4 Promotion of Foreign Investment 64 Chapter 5 Entrepreneurial Law and Commercial Disputes Resolution 84 Chapter 6 Setting up a Business Abroad 105 Chapter 7 Importing and Exporting 126 Chapter 8 Finance and Banking Environment 140 Chapter 9 Capital Markets and Securities 160 Chapter 10 Principal Taxes and Tax System 183 Chapter 11 Labor Hiring and Labor Relations 205 Chapter 12 International Marketing and Sales 216 Chapter 13 Business Risks and Insurance 241 Chapter 14 Business Culture 260 Bibliography 279 3 PREFACE This manual is developed for students of business colleges who seek to enhance their knowledge of international entrepreneurship. Experience has shown that processes of globalization and internationalization are developing so rapidly in recent years that even if students majoring in business does not intend to be involved in international business activity, they nevertheless will encounter problems relating to globalization and internationalization processes in their professional activity. -
Russia Macro-Politics: Political Pragmatism Or, Economic Necessity
The National Projects December 2019 Population and GDP (2020E data) The long and winding road Population 146.8 GDP, Nominal, US$ bln $1,781 Plans are worthless. Planning is essential” GDP/Capita, US$ $12,132 Dwight D. Eisenhower GDP/Capita, PPP, US$ $27,147 Source: World Bank, World-o-Meters, MA The National Projects (NP) are at the core of the Russian government’s efforts to pull the economy out of the current slump, National Projects - Spending* to create sustainable diversified long-term growth and to improve Rub, Bln US$ Bln lifestyle conditions in Russia. It is the key element of President Putin’s Human Capital 5,729 $88 effort to establish his legacy. Health 1,726 $27 Education 785 $12 We are now initiating coverage of the National Projects strategy. We Demographics 3,105 $48 will provide regular detailed updates about the progress in each of Culture 114 $2 the major project sectors, focusing especially on the opportunities Quality of Life 9,887 $152 Safer Roads 4,780 $74 for foreign investors and on the mechanisms for them to take part. Housing 1,066 $16 ▪ What is it? A US$390 billion program of public spending, designed Ecology 4,041 $62 to stimulate investment, build infrastructure and improve health Economic Growth 10,109 $156 and well-being by 2024, i.e. the end of the current presidential Science 636 $10 Small Business Development 482 $7 term. Digital Economy 1,635 $25 ▪ Is this a return to Soviet-style planning? For some of the NPs, Labour productivity 52 $1 Export Support 957 $15 especially those involving infrastructure, it certainly looks like it. -
Demographic, Economic, Geospatial Data for Municipalities of the Central Federal District in Russia (Excluding the City of Moscow and the Moscow Oblast) in 2010-2016
Population and Economics 3(4): 121–134 DOI 10.3897/popecon.3.e39152 DATA PAPER Demographic, economic, geospatial data for municipalities of the Central Federal District in Russia (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) in 2010-2016 Irina E. Kalabikhina1, Denis N. Mokrensky2, Aleksandr N. Panin3 1 Faculty of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia 2 Independent researcher 3 Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia Received 10 December 2019 ♦ Accepted 28 December 2019 ♦ Published 30 December 2019 Citation: Kalabikhina IE, Mokrensky DN, Panin AN (2019) Demographic, economic, geospatial data for munic- ipalities of the Central Federal District in Russia (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) in 2010- 2016. Population and Economics 3(4): 121–134. https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.3.e39152 Keywords Data base, demographic, economic, geospatial data JEL Codes: J1, J3, R23, Y10, Y91 I. Brief description The database contains demographic, economic, geospatial data for 452 municipalities of the 16 administrative units of the Central Federal District (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) for 2010–2016 (Appendix, Table 1; Fig. 1). The sources of data are the municipal-level statistics of Rosstat, Google Maps data and calculated indicators. II. Data resources Data package title: Demographic, economic, geospatial data for municipalities of the Cen- tral Federal District in Russia (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) in 2010–2016. Copyright I.E. Kalabikhina, D.N.Mokrensky, A.N.Panin The article is publicly available and in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY 4.0) can be used without limits, distributed and reproduced on any medium, pro- vided that the authors and the source are indicated. -
Otkhodnichestvo's Impact on Small Towns in Russia
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Zausaeva, Yana Conference Paper Otkhodnichestvo's impact on small towns in Russia 54th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Regional development & globalisation: Best practices", 26-29 August 2014, St. Petersburg, Russia Provided in Cooperation with: European Regional Science Association (ERSA) Suggested Citation: Zausaeva, Yana (2014) : Otkhodnichestvo's impact on small towns in Russia, 54th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Regional development & globalisation: Best practices", 26-29 August 2014, St. Petersburg, Russia, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-la-Neuve This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/124426 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen)