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Julian Grinschgl FOKUS | 3/2019 Pipeline Politics, A Single Market, and the Rise of Renewable Energy: Challenges and Pathways for European Energy Security Introduction (CEE) are highly dependent on Russian The Pipeline Legacy gas supplies. Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, At the end of 2018, Gazprom reported Estonia, Latvia, Hungary, Austria, Poland, The collapse of the Soviet Union meant a record high in natural gas exports to Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, and Finland that the immense network of pipelines Europe, exceeding 200 billion cubic meters import more than 75% of their gas from linking the Siberian gas fields and Europe (bcm) for the first time.1 As of early January Russia.8 Furthermore, gas was used for as are now crossing numerous countries wit- 2019, the United States (US) ambassa- much as a quarter of total primary energy hout an overarching regulator. This creates dor to Germany threatened to sanction consumption in the EU and by looking at tensions between destination, transit, German companies that will continue broader and more long-term scenarios of and supplier countries due to problems to be engaged in the controversial Nord future energy demands it is expected that of governance because these pipelines Stream 2 (NS2) project, aiming to build the share of natural gas in the EU’s energy can be abused as a political tool. Ukra- another direct pipeline from Russia to mix might even further increase.9 The dec- ine, which has been the transit land for Germany circumventing transit states.2 line of domestic gas production in -
Hydrogen at the Gates: Towards a New Chapter in the EU-Russia Energy Relations
Hydrogen at the Gates: Towards a New Chapter in the EU-Russia Energy Relations by Aliaksei Patonia Having ratified the Paris Agreement, the European Union (EU) pledged to substantially lower the level of its carbon emissions and become climate-neutral by 2050. In this respect, hydrogen (H2) – an energy source that could prospectively substitute conventional hydrocarbons – is viewed as an important element in achieving these ambitious targets, as it could revolutionize the energy industry. Here, though the EU puts specific attention to the build-up of H2 generation based on renewables, the cheapest way of its current large-scale production is using natural gas as a feedstock – the fuel imported primarily from Russia. This tradeoff between costs and climate commitments makes the future of the EU-Russia energy relations particularly tricky. EU’s Hydrogen Strategy vs. Russia’s ‘Hydrogen Roadmap’ Since energy production and consumption are the largest sources of CO2 emissions in the EU- 271, meeting the climate targets will necessitate a comprehensive transformation of the energy sector. Nevertheless, the energy industries in most European countries are still extensively reliant on hydrocarbons, in general (Figure 1), and natural gas, in particular, most of which is supplied by Russia. That is why, shifting the European economic paradigm towards sustainability is likely to necessitate the review of the EU-Russia energy relations, since Russia’s little focus on climate policy. 1 EEA (2013) 1 Figure 1: EU energy imports from Russia and energy mix2 Though, within the EU, reaching climate neutrality – i.e. the economy with net-zero greenhouse gas emissions – is generally viewed through decarbonization (the substitution of fossil fuels by renewables)3, the intermittency of wind and solar power necessitates finding a way to store large volumes of energy for a long time so that they could be integrated into the energy system4. -
Oil and Gas Fields in Norway
This book is a work of reference which provides an easily understandable Oil and gas fields in n survey of all the areas, fields and installations on the Norwegian continental shelf. It also describes developments in these waters since the 1960s, Oil and gas fields including why Norway was able to become an oil nation, the role of government and the rapid technological progress made. In addition, the book serves as an industrial heritage plan for the oil in nOrway and gas industry. This provides the basis for prioritising offshore installations worth designating as national monuments and which should be documented. industrial heritage plan The book will help to raise awareness of the oil industry as industrial heritage and the management of these assets. Harald Tønnesen (b 1947) is curator of the O Norwegian Petroleum Museum. rway rway With an engineering degree from the University of Newcastle-upon- Tyne, he has broad experience in the petroleum industry. He began his career at Robertson Radio i Elektro before moving to ndustrial Rogaland Research, and was head of research at Esso Norge AS before joining the museum. h eritage plan Gunleiv Hadland (b 1971) is a researcher at the Norwegian Petroleum Museum. He has an MA, majoring in history, from the University of Bergen and wrote his thesis on hydropower ????????? development and nature conser- Photo: Øyvind Hagen/Statoil vation. He has earlier worked on projects for the Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology, the ????????? Norwegian Water Resources and Photo: Øyvind Hagen/Statoil Energy Directorate (NVE) and others. 55 tHe ekoFIsk AReA The Ekofisk area lies in 70-75 metres of water at the southern end of Norway’s North Sea sector, about 280 kilometres south-west of Stavanger. -
New Document
ANNUAL STATEMENT OF RESERVES 2016 AKER BP ASA Annual Statement of Reserves 2016 Annual Statement of Reserves 2016 Table of Contents 1 Classification of Reserves and Contingent Resources 1 2 Reserves, Developed and Non-Developed 2 3 Description of Reserves 5 3.1 Producing Assets 5 3.1.1 Alvheim and Viper/Kobra (PL036, Pl088BS, PL203) 5 3.1.2 Vilje (PL036D) 7 3.1.3 Volund (PL150) 8 3.1.4 Bøyla (PL340) 9 3.1.5 Atla (PL102C) 11 3.1.6 Jette (PL027D), PL169C, PL504) 11 3.1.7 Jotun (PL027B, PL203B) 12 3.1.8 Varg (PL038) 12 3.1.9 Ivar Aasen Unit and Hanz (Pl001B, PL028B, PL242, PL338BS, PL457) 13 3.1.10 Valhall (PL006B, PL033B) 15 3.1.11 Hod (PL033) 16 3.1.12 Ula (PL019) 17 3.1.13 Tambar (PL065) 19 3.1.14 Tambar East (PL065, PL300, PL019B) 20 3.1.15 Skarv/Snadd (PL262, PL159, PL212B, PL212) 21 3.2 Development Projects 22 3.2.1 Johan Sverdrup (PL265, PL501, PL502; Pl501B) 22 3.2.2 Gina Krog (PL029B) 25 3.2.3 Oda (PL405) 26 4 Contingent Resources 28 5 Management’s Discussion and Analysis 34 Annual Statement of Reserves 2016 List of Figures 1.1 SPE reserves and recourses classification systen .................................................................... 1 3.1 Alvheim and Viper/Kobra Location Map.................................................................................... 5 3.2 Vilje location map ...................................................................................................................... 7 3.3 Volund location map.................................................................................................................. 8 3.4 Bøyla location map.................................................................................................................. 10 3.5 Ivar Aasen Unit and Hanz location map.................................................................................. 13 3.6 Valhall and Hod location map................................................................................................. -
LNG Plant Cost Reduction 2014–18
October 2018 LNG Plant Cost Reduction 2014–18 OIES PAPER: NG137 Brian Songhurst Research Associate, OIES The contents of this paper are the author’s sole responsibility. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies or any of its members. Copyright © 2018 Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (Registered Charity, No. 286084) This publication may be reproduced in part for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. ISBN: 978-1-78467-120-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26889/9781784671204 i LNG Plant Cost Reduction 2014–18 – October 2018 Acknowledgements My thanks to fellow OIES colleague Claudio-Steuer for his contributions during the drafting of this paper. My thanks also to the following industry colleagues for their review and comments on the draft: Toby Chancellor-Weale, Chair, IChemE Oil and Natural Gas Special Interest Group (SONG) Chris Spilsbury, LNG Specialists Ltd John Rushbrook, Consultant ii LNG Plant Cost Reduction 2014–18 – October 2018 Preface In his recent papers for OIES on the future of gas in Europe and the global energy economy, Jonathan Stern identified affordability as a key factor in determining whether gas would play a major role in Non-OECD countries. As the majority of traded gas will be LNG, the key question is therefore whether the cost of developing new liquefaction projects can be low enough to allow the gas to be competitive when it reaches the end consumer. -
Oil and Gas Fields in Norway
This book is a work of reference which provides an easily understandable Oil and gas fields in n survey of all the areas, fields and installations on the Norwegian continental shelf. It also describes developments in these waters since the 1960s, Oil and gas fields including why Norway was able to become an oil nation, the role of government and the rapid technological progress made. In addition, the book serves as an industrial heritage plan for the oil in nOrway and gas industry. This provides the basis for prioritising offshore installations worth designating as national monuments and which should be documented. industrial heritage plan The book will help to raise awareness of the oil industry as industrial heritage and the management of these assets. Harald Tønnesen (b 1947) is curator of the O Norwegian Petroleum Museum. rway rway With an engineering degree from the University of Newcastle-upon- Tyne, he has broad experience in the petroleum industry. He began his career at Robertson Radio i Elektro before moving to ndustrial Rogaland Research, and was head of research at Esso Norge AS before joining the museum. h eritage plan Gunleiv Hadland (b 1971) is a researcher at the Norwegian Petroleum Museum. He has an MA, majoring in history, from the University of Bergen and wrote his thesis on hydropower ????????? development and nature conser- Photo: Øyvind Hagen/Statoil vation. He has earlier worked on projects for the Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology, the ????????? Norwegian Water Resources and Photo: Øyvind Hagen/Statoil Energy Directorate (NVE) and others. 47 tHe VAlHAll AReA The Valhall area lies right at the southernmost end of the NCS in the North Sea, just south of Ekofisk, Eldfisk and Embla. -
Reference Document Including the Annual Financial Report
REFERENCE DOCUMENT INCLUDING THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT 2012 PROFILE LAGARDÈRE, A WORLD-CLASS PURE-PLAY MEDIA GROUP LED BY ARNAUD LAGARDÈRE, OPERATES IN AROUND 30 COUNTRIES AND IS STRUCTURED AROUND FOUR DISTINCT, COMPLEMENTARY DIVISIONS: • Lagardère Publishing: Book and e-Publishing; • Lagardère Active: Press, Audiovisual (Radio, Television, Audiovisual Production), Digital and Advertising Sales Brokerage; • Lagardère Services: Travel Retail and Distribution; • Lagardère Unlimited: Sport Industry and Entertainment. EXE LOGO L'Identité / Le Logo Les cotes indiquées sont données à titre indicatif et devront être vérifiées par les entrepreneurs. Ceux-ci devront soumettre leurs dessins Echelle: d’éxécution pour approbation avant réalisation. L’étude technique des travaux concernant les éléments porteurs concourant la stabilité ou la solidité du bâtiment et tous autres éléments qui leur sont intégrés ou forment corps avec eux, devra être vérifié par un bureau d’étude qualifié. Agence d'architecture intérieure LAGARDERE - Concept C5 - O’CLOCK Optimisation Les entrepreneurs devront s’engager à executer les travaux selon les règles de l’art et dans le respect des règlementations en vigueur. Ce 15, rue Colbert 78000 Versailles Date : 13 01 2010 dessin est la propriété de : VERSIONS - 15, rue Colbert - 78000 Versailles. Ne peut être reproduit sans autorisation. tél : 01 30 97 03 03 fax : 01 30 97 03 00 e.mail : [email protected] PANTONE 382C PANTONE PANTONE 382C PANTONE Informer, Rassurer, Partager PROCESS BLACK C PROCESS BLACK C Les cotes indiquées sont données à titre indicatif et devront être vérifiées par les entrepreneurs. Ceux-ci devront soumettre leurs dessins d’éxécution pour approbation avant réalisation. L’étude technique des travaux concernant les éléments porteurs concourant la stabilité ou la Echelle: Agence d'architecture intérieure solidité du bâtiment et tous autres éléments qui leur sont intégrés ou forment corps avec eux, devra être vérifié par un bureau d’étude qualifié. -
FSU/CEE Insight: Russia Special
Analytics. Studies. Modelling.The Oil and Gas Market’s Independent Research Centre. FSU/CEE Insight: Russia Special Issue 17 | 2-May-19 Weekly Report Editorial Nightmare Supply Scenario for FSU/CEE Refiners A full halt on Druzhba flows has refiners along the line scrambling to find alternative crude supplies Outage to affect Poland and Germany much less than Belarus A prolonged Druzhba outage would put an estimated 600,000 b/d of refining capacity at risk s we write this, flows along crude imported via the Druzhba have also been affected. However, it one of the oldest, longest, and pipeline always remained the also means that flows to Russia’s A most important pieces of oil baseload crude in these refineries. biggest export terminal, the Baltic pipeline infrastructure in the world Hence the current outage is an port of Primorsk, have not been are severely disrupted. We are of extremely significant event, contaminated. course referring to Russia’s Druzhba particularly as it may take months (Friendship) pipeline, which remains rather than weeks for the pipeline to A note on the contamination. We the lifeline to several Eastern return to normal operations. understand that the strategy being European and FSU refineries. The employed by the Russians is to northern leg of the pipe supplies Flows stopped after it became blend the crude down to levels Belarus, Poland, and eastern evident that the crude flowing along where the organic chlorides are no Germany, while the southern leg the pipeline was contaminated by longer high enough to cause serves refineries in Hungary, organic chloride in concentrations of problems. -
Optimization of Strategies for Natural Gas Utilization: Case Study of the Niger Delta 2010
OPTIMIZATION OF STRATEGIES FOR NATURAL GAS UTILIZATION: CASE STUDY OF THE NIGER DELTA 2010 OPTIMIZATION OF STRATEGIES FOR NATURAL GAS UTILIZATION: CASE STUDY OF THE NIGER DELTA A Thesis PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING, AFRICAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE By OGBE EMMANUEL, B.Eng. ABUJA. FCT. DECEMBER, 2010 i OPTIMIZATION OF STRATEGIES FOR NATURAL GAS UTILIZATION: CASE STUDY OF THE NIGER DELTA 2010 OPTIMIZATION OF STRATEGIES FOR NATURAL GAS UTILIZATION: CASE STUDY OF THE NIGER DELTA by OGBE Emmanuel RECOMMENDED: _____________________________ Professor David Ogbe Committee Chair _____________________________ Professor Wumi Iledare Committee Member _____________________________ Dr Samuel Osisanya Committee Member _____________________________ Professor Ekwere Peters Committee Member APPROVED: _____________________________ Professor Godwin Chukwu Chair Department of Petroleum Engineering _____________________________ Professor Charles Chidume Provost Academic _____________________________ Date ii OPTIMIZATION OF STRATEGIES FOR NATURAL GAS UTILIZATION: CASE STUDY OF THE NIGER DELTA 2010 ABSTRACT Nigeria is endowed with huge proven gas reserves estimated to be 184 trillion cubic feet (Tcf). It ranks as the 7th holder of natural gas reserves in the world, and the largest in Africa. Nigeria also flares more natural gas than any other country; it accounts for 12.5% of the world‟s annual gas flared and it wastes $2.0 billion annually by flaring gas associated with crude oil extraction. There is crucial need to monetize the gas reserves, reduce gas flaring and its environmental impacts, and to derive he maximum economic benefits from gas production. The purpose of this research is to identify options for natural gas utilization, evaluate the various strategies and thereupon develop a model for optimizing the natural gas utilization strategies using the Niger Delta as a case study. -
2014 Registration Document Including Annual Financial Report Contents
2014 REGISTRATION DOCUMENT INCLUDING ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT CONTENTS Chairman’s Message 2 Key Į gures and highlights 4 ApplicaƟ ons & services 6 1 Persons responsible for the registraƟ on 18 Major shareholders 203 document 13 19 Related-party transacƟ ons 209 2 Statutory Auditors 15 20 Financial informaƟ on concerning 3 Selected Į nancial informaƟ on the Company’s assets and liabiliƟ es, for the Į nancial year ended Į nancial posiƟ on and results 217 on 31 December 2014 17 21 AddiƟ onal informaƟ on 249 4 Risk factors 21 22 Material contracts 259 5 InformaƟ on about the Group 39 23 Third party informaƟ on and 6 Overview of the acƟ viƟ es of the Group 45 statements by experts and declaraƟ ons of any interest 261 7 OrganisaƟ on chart 113 24 Publicly available documents 263 8 Property, plant and equipment 115 25 InformaƟ on on holdings 265 9 Review of Į nancial posiƟ on and results 117 APPENDIX 1 Concordance tables 267 10 Equity and cash 131 APPENDIX 2 11 Research and development, patents Social, environmental and societal and licences 137 data from the board of directors’ management report sƟ pulated in ArƟ cle R. 225-105-1 of the French InformaƟ on on trends and targets 145 12 Commercial Code 271 13 Income forecasts 149 APPENDIX 3 InformaƟ on for the Shareholders’ 14 AdministraƟ ve, management and MeeƟ ng sƟ pulated in ArƟ cle R. 225-83 supervisory bodies and general of the French Commercial Code 293 management 153 APPENDIX 4 Corporate Į nancial statements 15 CompensaƟ on and beneĮ ts 163 prepared in accordance with French GAAP 311 16 Board and management pracƟ ces 173 APPENDIX 5 17 Employees 193 Statutory Auditors’ report on the Į nancial statements prepared in accordance with French standards 331 PROFILE For over 50 years, GTT has been developing technological experƟ se in the liqueĮ ed natural gas industry (LNG). -
Supreme Court of Norway
SUPREME COURT OF NORWAY On 28 June 2018, the Supreme Court gave judgment in HR-2018-1258-A (case no. 2017/1891), civil case, appeal against judgment, CapeOmega AS (Counsel Thomas G. Michelet) (Assisting counsel: Kyrre Eggen) Solveig Gas Norway AS Silex Gas Norway AS Infragas Norge AS (Counsel Jan B. Jansen Counsel Thomas K. Svensen) (Assisting counsel: Kyrre Eggen) v. The state represented by the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy (The Attorney-General represented Tolle Stabell and Christian Fredrik Michelet) (Assisting counsel: Håvard H. Holdø) VOTING : (1) Justice Bårdsen: The case concerns the validity of the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy's Regulations 26 June 2013 no. 792 relating to amendment of the Regulations relating to the stipulation of tariffs etc. for certain facilities (the Tariff Regulations), adopted under section 4-8 of the Petroleum Act, among others. 2 (2) The Tariff Regulations 20 December 2002 no. 1724 regulate the tariffs that third parties must pay for shipment of gas in the pipelines owned by the joint venture Gassled. The joint venture was established in 2003, and tariffs were stipulated in the Tariff Regulations for the various areas of the pipeline network. This network is the world’s biggest offshore system for transport and processing of gas, consisting of a number of gas pipelines on the seabed of the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea, some onshore processing plants in Norway and six receiving facilities in the UK, France, Belgium and Germany. The system is subject to licences from the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy pursuant to section 4-3 of the Petroleum Act. -
1999 BASF Annual Report.Pdf
Publisher: BASF Aktiengesellschaft Public Relations & Market Communications 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany Photos: Horst Hamann, New York 1999 Annual Report This report was printed with K+E printing inks on paper produced using BASF paper-finishing products and colorants. For further information: Corporate Media Relations: Moving successfully Michael Grabicki Tel.: +49 621 60-99938 Fax: +49 621 60-20129 and independently Investor Relations: into the new millennium Carolin Weitzmann Tel.: +49 621 60-48230 Fax: +49 621 60-22500 Internet: http://www.basf.de/geschaeftsbericht http://www.basf.de/annual-report ZOAC 0001 E-0399 Contents 2 Letter from the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors 4 Report of the Supervisory Board 6 BASF shares 8 Board of Executive Directors Management's Analysis 10 Sales, earnings and appropriation of profit 12 Regions 14 BASF sites BASF Segments 1999 Annual Report 16 Composition of segments Presented to the 48th Annual 18 Chemicals Meeting on Thursday, April 27, 22 Plastics & Fibers 2000, 10:00 a.m., Colorants & Finishing Products at BASF Feierabendhaus, 26 Leuschnerstrasse 47, 30 Health & Nutrition Ludwigshafen am Rhein, 34 Oil & Gas Germany. 38 Environment, safety and energy This report was finalized on 40 Employees March 1, 2000, and published on March 15, 2000. 42 Research & Development Portfolio management: acquisitions, A copy of the BASF Group 1999 46 Annual Report and the BASF divestitures and cooperations Aktiengesellschaft Financial Statements can be obtained by 48 Finance contacting the Public Relations