Oil Pipeline Tariffs and Tariff Methodologies in Selected Energy Charter Member Countries
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Geopolitical Impact on Transformation of Territorial Organization of Russian Pipeline Transport in the Post-Soviet Time
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy ISSN: 2146-4553 available at http: www.econjournals.com International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2016, 6(4), 782-788. Geopolitical Impact on Transformation of Territorial Organization of Russian Pipeline Transport in the Post-Soviet Time Tatyana I. Pototskaya1*, Alexander P. Katrovskiy2, Vladimir I. Chasovskiy3 1Department of Geography, Natural-Geographical Faculty, Smolensk State University, Smolensk Oblast, Russia, 2Department of Service and Tourism, Smolensk Humanitarian University, Smolensk, Russia, 3Department of Geography, Land Use and Spatial Planning, Institute of Environmental Management, Territorial Development and Urban Construction, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Russia. *Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The article presents the research on transformation of territorial organization of Russian pipeline transport in the post-Soviet time, considering its relations with neighbouring countries. The research identifies general ways of such transformation: The influence of Russia’s desire to escape from the dictate of the transit countries exporting energy; the impact of Russia’s struggle for the transportation of gas and oil extracted in the Caspian Sea basin; the influence of the struggle for the transportation of oil and gas in the Asia-Pacific region. A new database including the main pipelines and sea ports in Russia, revealed correlations in the development of pipeline transport in the post-Soviet period with the development of infrastructure of the country’s sea transport. The article identifies positive changes in the transport infrastructure (construction of Russian alternative pipeline projects), which will reduce the degree of Russian dependence on relations with neighbouring countries, as well as negative changes (construction of alternative Russian pipeline projects). -
Russian Oil and Gas Challenges
Order Code RL33212 Russian Oil and Gas Challenges Updated June 20, 2007 Robert Pirog Specialist in Energy Economics and Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Russian Oil and Gas Challenges Summary Russia is a major player in world energy markets. It has more proven natural gas reserves than any other country, is among the top ten in proven oil reserves, is the largest exporter of natural gas, the second largest oil exporter, and the third largest energy consumer. Energy exports have been a major driver of Russia’s economic growth over the last five years, as Russian oil production has risen strongly and world oil prices have been very high. This type of growth has made the Russian economy dependent on oil and natural gas exports and vulnerable to fluctuations in oil prices. The Russian government has moved to take control of the country’s energy supplies. It broke up the previously large energy company Yukos and acquired its main oil production subsidiary. The Duma voted to give Gazprom, the state- controlled natural gas monopoly the exclusive right to export natural gas; Russia moved to limit participation by foreign companies in oil and gas production and Gazprom gained majority control of the Sakhalin energy projects. Russia has agreed with Germany to supply Germany and, eventually, the UK by building a natural gas pipeline under the Baltic Sea, bypassing Ukraine and Poland. In late 2006 and early 2007, Russia cut off and/or threatened to cut off gas or oil supplies going to and/or through Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, and Belarus in the context of price and/or transit negotiations — actions that damaged its reputation as a reliable energy supplier. -
Oil and Gas Fields in Norway
This book is a work of reference which provides an easily understandable Oil and gas fields in n survey of all the areas, fields and installations on the Norwegian continental shelf. It also describes developments in these waters since the 1960s, Oil and gas fields including why Norway was able to become an oil nation, the role of government and the rapid technological progress made. In addition, the book serves as an industrial heritage plan for the oil in nOrway and gas industry. This provides the basis for prioritising offshore installations worth designating as national monuments and which should be documented. industrial heritage plan The book will help to raise awareness of the oil industry as industrial heritage and the management of these assets. Harald Tønnesen (b 1947) is curator of the O Norwegian Petroleum Museum. rway rway With an engineering degree from the University of Newcastle-upon- Tyne, he has broad experience in the petroleum industry. He began his career at Robertson Radio i Elektro before moving to ndustrial Rogaland Research, and was head of research at Esso Norge AS before joining the museum. h eritage plan Gunleiv Hadland (b 1971) is a researcher at the Norwegian Petroleum Museum. He has an MA, majoring in history, from the University of Bergen and wrote his thesis on hydropower ????????? development and nature conser- Photo: Øyvind Hagen/Statoil vation. He has earlier worked on projects for the Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology, the ????????? Norwegian Water Resources and Photo: Øyvind Hagen/Statoil Energy Directorate (NVE) and others. 55 tHe ekoFIsk AReA The Ekofisk area lies in 70-75 metres of water at the southern end of Norway’s North Sea sector, about 280 kilometres south-west of Stavanger. -
New Document
ANNUAL STATEMENT OF RESERVES 2016 AKER BP ASA Annual Statement of Reserves 2016 Annual Statement of Reserves 2016 Table of Contents 1 Classification of Reserves and Contingent Resources 1 2 Reserves, Developed and Non-Developed 2 3 Description of Reserves 5 3.1 Producing Assets 5 3.1.1 Alvheim and Viper/Kobra (PL036, Pl088BS, PL203) 5 3.1.2 Vilje (PL036D) 7 3.1.3 Volund (PL150) 8 3.1.4 Bøyla (PL340) 9 3.1.5 Atla (PL102C) 11 3.1.6 Jette (PL027D), PL169C, PL504) 11 3.1.7 Jotun (PL027B, PL203B) 12 3.1.8 Varg (PL038) 12 3.1.9 Ivar Aasen Unit and Hanz (Pl001B, PL028B, PL242, PL338BS, PL457) 13 3.1.10 Valhall (PL006B, PL033B) 15 3.1.11 Hod (PL033) 16 3.1.12 Ula (PL019) 17 3.1.13 Tambar (PL065) 19 3.1.14 Tambar East (PL065, PL300, PL019B) 20 3.1.15 Skarv/Snadd (PL262, PL159, PL212B, PL212) 21 3.2 Development Projects 22 3.2.1 Johan Sverdrup (PL265, PL501, PL502; Pl501B) 22 3.2.2 Gina Krog (PL029B) 25 3.2.3 Oda (PL405) 26 4 Contingent Resources 28 5 Management’s Discussion and Analysis 34 Annual Statement of Reserves 2016 List of Figures 1.1 SPE reserves and recourses classification systen .................................................................... 1 3.1 Alvheim and Viper/Kobra Location Map.................................................................................... 5 3.2 Vilje location map ...................................................................................................................... 7 3.3 Volund location map.................................................................................................................. 8 3.4 Bøyla location map.................................................................................................................. 10 3.5 Ivar Aasen Unit and Hanz location map.................................................................................. 13 3.6 Valhall and Hod location map................................................................................................. -
The Emerging Caspian Energy Regime and Turkey's New Role
THE EMERGING CASPIAN ENERGY REGIME AND TURKEY'S NEW ROLE MERT BILGIN ABSTRACT Soon after the disintegration of the USSR, Turkey attempted to take place at the heart of the emerging energy regime of the Caspian by becoming an energy corridor that could ünite the Caspian with the World markets. Nevertheless, Russia and Iran started to become profitable associates not only for Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Türkmenistan but also for the multinational companies. In 2003, it became explicit that Turkey's common projects with Kazakhstan and Türkmenistan were either canceled or postponed. Turkey is likely to realize Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline project and Baku-Erzurum gas pipeline project. Turkey needs to develop a multilateral cooperation vvhich includes Russia and other littoral states of the Caspian. Otherwise, Turkey's role in the Caspian region will be limited by bilateral relations with Azerbaijan. KEYWORDS Oil, Gas, Pipeline Politics, Caspian Energy Regime, Caucasus. 2 THE TURKİSH YEARBOOK [VOL. XXXIV Introduction The disintegration of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991 introduced Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Türkmenistan (AKT) as the new hydrocarbon producers of the Caspian Sea. These three republics had once been important producers of hydrocarbons during the Soviet era until the exhaustion of onshore reserves in the first half of 1980s. Soon after gaining their independence, the exploration activities of multinational companies indicated that there were rich reserves of hydrocarbons in deeper sections of the Caspian, which remained undiscovered by the Soviet authorities because of technological inferiority of the Soviet petroleum industry. Currently it is estimated that the hydrocarbon reserves of Caspian may reach 200 billion barrels of oil and 337 trillion cubic feet of gas. -
Oil and Gas Fields in Norway
This book is a work of reference which provides an easily understandable Oil and gas fields in n survey of all the areas, fields and installations on the Norwegian continental shelf. It also describes developments in these waters since the 1960s, Oil and gas fields including why Norway was able to become an oil nation, the role of government and the rapid technological progress made. In addition, the book serves as an industrial heritage plan for the oil in nOrway and gas industry. This provides the basis for prioritising offshore installations worth designating as national monuments and which should be documented. industrial heritage plan The book will help to raise awareness of the oil industry as industrial heritage and the management of these assets. Harald Tønnesen (b 1947) is curator of the O Norwegian Petroleum Museum. rway rway With an engineering degree from the University of Newcastle-upon- Tyne, he has broad experience in the petroleum industry. He began his career at Robertson Radio i Elektro before moving to ndustrial Rogaland Research, and was head of research at Esso Norge AS before joining the museum. h eritage plan Gunleiv Hadland (b 1971) is a researcher at the Norwegian Petroleum Museum. He has an MA, majoring in history, from the University of Bergen and wrote his thesis on hydropower ????????? development and nature conser- Photo: Øyvind Hagen/Statoil vation. He has earlier worked on projects for the Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology, the ????????? Norwegian Water Resources and Photo: Øyvind Hagen/Statoil Energy Directorate (NVE) and others. 47 tHe VAlHAll AReA The Valhall area lies right at the southernmost end of the NCS in the North Sea, just south of Ekofisk, Eldfisk and Embla. -
Argus Nefte Transport
Argus Nefte Transport Oil transportation logistics in the former Soviet Union Volume XVI, 5, May 2017 Primorsk loads first 100,000t diesel cargo Russia’s main outlet for 10ppm diesel exports, the Baltic port of Primorsk, shipped a 100,000t cargo for the first time this month. The diesel was loaded on 4 May on the 113,300t Dong-A Thetis, owned by the South Korean shipping company Dong-A Tanker. The 100,000t cargo of Rosneft product was sold to trading company Vitol for delivery to the Amsterdam-Rotter- dam-Antwerp region, a market participant says. The Dong-A Thetis was loaded at Russian pipeline crude exports berth 3 or 4 — which can handle crude and diesel following a recent upgrade, and mn b/d can accommodate 90,000-150,000t vessels with 15.5m draught. 6.0 Transit crude Russian crude It remains unclear whether larger loadings at Primorsk will become a regular 5.0 occurrence. “Smaller 50,000-60,000t cargoes are more popular and the terminal 4.0 does not always have the opportunity to stockpile larger quantities of diesel for 3.0 export,” a source familiar with operations at the outlet says. But the loading is significant considering the planned 10mn t/yr capacity 2.0 addition to the 15mn t/yr Sever diesel pipeline by 2018. Expansion to 25mn t/yr 1.0 will enable Transneft to divert more diesel to its pipeline system from ports in 0.0 Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr the Baltic states, in particular from the pipeline to the Latvian port of Ventspils. -
TOTAL S.A. Yearended December3l, 2015
KPMG Audit ERNST & YOUNG Audit This isa free translation info English of the statutory auditors' report on the consolidated (mandai statements issued in French and it is provided solely for the convenience 0f English-speaking users. The statutory auditors' report includes information specifically requ?red by French law in such reports, whether modified or flot. This information is presented below the audit opinion on the consolidated financial statements and includes an explanatory para graph discussing the auditors' assessments of certain significant accounting and auditing matters. These assessments were considered for the purpose 0f issuing an audit opinion on the consolidated financial statements taken as a whole and not f0 provide separate assurance on individual account balances, transactions or disclosures. This report also includes information relating to the specific verification of information given in the groups management report. This report should be read in conjunction with and construed in accordance with French law and pro fessional auditing standards applicable in France. TOTAL S.A. Yearended December3l, 2015 Statutory auditors' report on the consolidated financial statements KPMG Audit ERNST & YOUNG Audit Tour EQHO 1/2, place des Saisons 2, avenue Gambetta 92400 Courbevoie - Paris-La Défense 1 CS 60055 S.A.S. à capital variable 92066 Paris-La Défense Cedex Commissaire aux Comptes Commissaire aux Comptes Membre de la compagnie Membre de la compagnie régionale de Versailles régionale de Versailles TOTAL S.A. Year ended December 31, 2015 Statutory auditors' report on the consolidated financial statements To the Shareholders, In compliance with the assignment entrusted to us by your general annual meeting, we hereby report to you, for the year ended December 31, 2015, on: the audit of the accampanying consolidated financial statements of TOTAL S.A.; the justification of our assessments; the specific verification required by law. -
Chapter 4. Oil and Gas Accidents – Prevention and Liquidation
Chapter 4. Oil and gas accidents – prevention and liquidation. In this chapter we take a theoretical approach towards accidents and incidents. This reason is twofold: In Soviet times, statistics were often used as political tools, and this makes it difficult to make a completely reliable analysis. To a certain extent, this legacy still applies to Russia today. We are therefore careful not to use too many official statistics. Secondly, there is still little offshore activity in Arctic waters, thus limiting the amount of empiric data available. Nonetheless, in this chapter we examine some accidents which occurred in the Arctic, such as the Usinsk oil spill in 1994 . This chapter also describes the emergency rescue routines in Murmansk oblast, together with regulations for emergency preparedness and response for the oil and gas sector. All the information presented in this chapter is accompanied by reference data, opinions from specialists, legal notes and illustrations. Several situations are examined using Murmansk oblast as an example. 4.1. Accidents and incidents: causes and consequences Here’s a thought… Oleg Mitvol, deputy director of the Russian federal service managing the oversight of natural resources (Rosprirodnadzor) said in an interview that spills of oil and other oil products take place every two weeks in Russia, RBC Daily Russian news agency reported in September 2005. According to RBC, Russian experts estimate that 3-7 per cent of all extracted oil is lost during extraction and transportation. The official numbers are much lower. 4,1,1 Accidents involving oil pipelines In 2003, according to data from Russia’s Ministry of Civil Defence, Emergencies and Disaster Relief, there were 48 accidents on main and intrafield pipelines which led to emergency situations (compared with 55 in 2002).1 However, other sources states that the number of accidents involving oil pipelines has increased by 20% over the course of several years. -
Exploring the Erosion of the Post-Soviet Space
FEBRUARY 2019 58 WHAT HAS REMAINED OF THE USSR EXPLORING THE EROSION OF THE POST-SOVIET SPACE Arkady Moshes, András Rácz ( eds.) FEBRUARY 2019 58 WHAT HAS REMAINED OF THE USSR EXPLORING THE EROSION OF THE POST-SOVIET SPACE Arkady Moshes, András Rácz (eds.) FEBRUARY 2019 58 This publication is the final report of a research project conducted by the Finnish Institute of International Affairs with the participation of a group of European and Russian experts on the post-Soviet space. The project was co-funded by FIIA and Konrad Adenauer Foundation. Reports can be ordered from the Finnish Institute of International Affairs. +358 9 432 7707 [email protected] All FIIA reports and other publications are also available on our website at www.fiia.fi Language editing: Joan Nordlund and Lynn Nikkanen Graphic design: Mainostoimisto SST Oy Layout: Kaarina Tammisto Printed by Punamusta Oy, 2019 ISBN (print) 978-951-769-592-3 ISBN (web) 978-951-769-593-0 ISSN 2323-5454 The Finnish Institute of International Affairs is an independent research institute that produces high-level research to support political decisionmaking and public debate both nationally and in- ternationally. All manuscripts are reviewed by at least two other experts in the field to ensure the high quality of the publications. In addition, publications undergo professional language checking and editing. The responsibility for the views expressed ultimately rests with the authors. CONTENTS List of abbreviations 8 Introduction 11 Arkady Moshes, András Rácz PART ONE 17 1. The law and politics of post-Soviet constitutionalism 21 Peter Van Elsuwege 2. -
“Russian Energy Policy and Its Challenge to Western Policy Makers”
“Russian Energy Policy and its Challenge to Western Policy Makers” Keith C. Smith Senior Associate Center for Strategic and International Studies March 2008 Summary • The U.S. and the EU have too long ignored the Kremlin’s non -transparent and monopolis tic energy policies , and its use of natural resources to exert political influence over the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe. • The responses of the EU and U.S. to Russian energy policies ha ve been weak and uncoordinated and have had little or n o effect on Kremlin behavior . • The disruption of natural gas to Ukraine and Georgia in January 2006, of oil to Lithuania and Belarus in 2006, and of gas to Georgia again in January 2007 was only an intensification of Russia’s petro -politics that began as ea rly as 1990 . • Studies document that there have been over 40 politically -motivated energy disruptions or threatened disruptions by Moscow in the past 17 years. • Europe could be less concerned if Russia were rapidly moving in the direction of Western -style d emocracy. Unfortunately, Putin’s Russia has become more authoritarian, nationalistic and desirous of re -establishing its Soviet -era hold over its European and Central Asian neighbors. • The U.S. and Europe’s tolerance of, or at most token opposition to, Russ ia’s coercive policies and non -transparent business practices have convinced the Kremlin that the West is either powerless or lacks the will to re act because of its perceived need for Russia’s substantial resources . • The reality , however, is that Russia is very much dependent on revenue from Europe ’s energy markets and on Western financing and technology in the energy sector . -
Supreme Court of Norway
SUPREME COURT OF NORWAY On 28 June 2018, the Supreme Court gave judgment in HR-2018-1258-A (case no. 2017/1891), civil case, appeal against judgment, CapeOmega AS (Counsel Thomas G. Michelet) (Assisting counsel: Kyrre Eggen) Solveig Gas Norway AS Silex Gas Norway AS Infragas Norge AS (Counsel Jan B. Jansen Counsel Thomas K. Svensen) (Assisting counsel: Kyrre Eggen) v. The state represented by the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy (The Attorney-General represented Tolle Stabell and Christian Fredrik Michelet) (Assisting counsel: Håvard H. Holdø) VOTING : (1) Justice Bårdsen: The case concerns the validity of the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy's Regulations 26 June 2013 no. 792 relating to amendment of the Regulations relating to the stipulation of tariffs etc. for certain facilities (the Tariff Regulations), adopted under section 4-8 of the Petroleum Act, among others. 2 (2) The Tariff Regulations 20 December 2002 no. 1724 regulate the tariffs that third parties must pay for shipment of gas in the pipelines owned by the joint venture Gassled. The joint venture was established in 2003, and tariffs were stipulated in the Tariff Regulations for the various areas of the pipeline network. This network is the world’s biggest offshore system for transport and processing of gas, consisting of a number of gas pipelines on the seabed of the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea, some onshore processing plants in Norway and six receiving facilities in the UK, France, Belgium and Germany. The system is subject to licences from the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy pursuant to section 4-3 of the Petroleum Act.