Annotated Internal Collated Commentary 2011-01 Letter
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BYZANTINE CAMEOS and the AESTHETICS of the ICON By
BYZANTINE CAMEOS AND THE AESTHETICS OF THE ICON by James A. Magruder, III A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland March 2014 © 2014 James A. Magruder, III All rights reserved Abstract Byzantine icons have attracted artists and art historians to what they saw as the flat style of large painted panels. They tend to understand this flatness as a repudiation of the Classical priority to represent Nature and an affirmation of otherworldly spirituality. However, many extant sacred portraits from the Byzantine period were executed in relief in precious materials, such as gemstones, ivory or gold. Byzantine writers describe contemporary icons as lifelike, sometimes even coming to life with divine power. The question is what Byzantine Christians hoped to represent by crafting small icons in precious materials, specifically cameos. The dissertation catalogs and analyzes Byzantine cameos from the end of Iconoclasm (843) until the fall of Constantinople (1453). They have not received comprehensive treatment before, but since they represent saints in iconic poses, they provide a good corpus of icons comparable to icons in other media. Their durability and the difficulty of reworking them also makes them a particularly faithful record of Byzantine priorities regarding the icon as a genre. In addition, the dissertation surveys theological texts that comment on or illustrate stone to understand what role the materiality of Byzantine cameos played in choosing stone relief for icons. Finally, it examines Byzantine epigrams written about or for icons to define the terms that shaped icon production. -
Hellenistic and Pharaonic Influences on the Formation of Coptic Identity
Scriptura 85 (2004), pp. 292-301 HELLENISTIC AND PHARAONIC INFLUENCES ON THE FORMATION OF COPTIC IDENTITY Annette Evans Department of Ancient Studies Stellenbosch University Abstract Conflicting descriptions of Coptic identity still exist today. The Copts regard themselves as those descendents of Pharaonic Egyptians who have retained their identity because of their Christian faith, in spite of Egypt having become a predominantly Islamic, Arab country. They claim to have “caught a glimpse of the Light of Christianity” before the birth of Christ. This article offers iconographical evidence to supplement an explanation of how the ancient Egyptian mythopoeic thinking, in combination with the syncretistic cultural environment of Hellenism, mediated this phenomenon. Today the Coptic Orthodox Church of Egypt represents “a return to the apostolic father type leading of the church”. Although pharaonic and gnostic influences appear to have contributed to their remarkable eusebeia, the Copts perceive themselves as having abided by the decisions of the first three Church Councils and have respected and upheld the canon. 1. Introduction The word Copt originated from the ancient Egyptian word for Memphis, Hah-ka-Ptah – the house or temple of the spirit of Ptah. With the suppression of the prefix and the suffix the stem kaPt or gypt remained, which was then corrupted to the Arabic Qibt (Atiya 1968:16). The Hellenes used Aiguptos for both Egypt and the Nile, and Aiguptoi was used by Origen to distinguish Egyptian Christians from Hellenes (Van der Vliet and Zonhoven 1998:117). The Copts have a unique identity: inseparable from their pharaonic past, yet intimately associated with the beginning of Christianity. -
Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men
Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide -
Augustus Buys Rome
Augustus buys Rome His conquests made Augustus the richest man of the Roman Republic. He could afford to cover all expenses that up to then had been covered by the whole of the Roman aristocracy together. Thus every citizen of Rome became his client and Augustus unchallenged sole ruler. Augustus buys Rome 01 The enemy is defeated After the Battle of Actium, Egypt fell into the hands of Octavian, the victor. The defeated, Marc Antony and his Egyptian queen, committed suicide. Cleopatra’s death, painting by Jean-Baptiste Regnault, 1796/99, Museum Kunstpalast, Düsseldorf. Source: Wikicommons. Augustus buys Rome 02 Jackpot! Octavian finally had access to the resources of a country that could have been part of the Roman Empire long ago. Egypt was weak, but the senate had refrained from invading it so that no senatorial member could win its enormous resources. From then on the land of the Nile was put directly under the control of the emperor. He considered the ‘Granary of Rome’ his personal property and no one was permitted to set foot on it without his explicit consent. Illustration from ‘Description de l’Egypte’, between 1821 and 1826. Photo: Wikicommons. Augustus buys Rome 03 Fight war to bring peace Octavian’s newly acquired riches allowed for a personality cult like Rome had never seen it before. Coins, statues, buildings and literature from the time all bear witness of Octavian’s celebration of himself as the founder of the golden age. This coin motif alludes to the solemn ceremony in which, during times of peace, the temple doors, the ‘Gates of Janus’, were closed. -
The Sacred City of the Ethiopians, Being a Record of Travel and Research in Abyssinia in 1893
The sacred city of the Ethiopians, being a record of travel and research in Abyssinia in 1893 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.sip100052 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The sacred city of the Ethiopians, being a record of travel and research in Abyssinia in 1893 Author/Creator Bent, J. Theodore Date 1896 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Horn of Africa, Ethiopia, Axum, Eritrea Source Smithsonian Institution Libraries, DT379 .B47 1896X/916.3 B475s Description Contents. I: Arrival in Ethiopia. II: Stay at Asmara. III: Expedition to the monastery of Bizen. -
The Growth of the Christian Church (Chapter 2 of "Expressions of Faith") Ken Badley George Fox University, [email protected]
Digital Commons @ George Fox University Faculty Publications - School of Education School of Education 2004 The Growth of the Christian Church (Chapter 2 of "Expressions of Faith") Ken Badley George Fox University, [email protected] Dana Antayá-Moore Amy Kostelyk Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/soe_faculty Part of the Christianity Commons, Curriculum and Instruction Commons, and the History of Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Badley, Ken; Antayá-Moore, Dana; and Kostelyk, Amy, "The Growth of the Christian Church (Chapter 2 of "Expressions of Faith")" (2004). Faculty Publications - School of Education. 167. http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/soe_faculty/167 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Education at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications - School of Education by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHAPTER 2 The Growth of the Christian Church No time machine will transport you to faraway places and times, Introduction but through this chapter, you can come to understand something of the history of the Christian Church. In doing so, you will gain a better sense of how there came to be a variety of ways of inter preting this faith, which has had a major impact on Canadian society and on the character of Newfoundland and Labrador. As you explore the five scenarios presented here, you will learn how various Christians struggled to live as persons of faith. This chapter begins about 300 years after Paul wrote his letter to the Galatians, telling them to focus on faith, not rules. -
Viewing Heaven: Rock Crystal, Reliquaries, and Transparency in Fourteenth-Century Aachen Claire Kilgore University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected]
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Theses, Dissertations, and Student Creative Activity, Art, Art History and Design, School of School of Art, Art History and Design 5-2017 Viewing Heaven: Rock Crystal, Reliquaries, and Transparency in Fourteenth-Century Aachen Claire Kilgore University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/artstudents Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons, Architectural History and Criticism Commons, Catholic Studies Commons, Christianity Commons, European History Commons, History of Christianity Commons, History of Religion Commons, Liturgy and Worship Commons, Medieval History Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, Metal and Jewelry Arts Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, Other Philosophy Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Kilgore, Claire, "Viewing Heaven: Rock Crystal, Reliquaries, and Transparency in Fourteenth-Century Aachen" (2017). Theses, Dissertations, and Student Creative Activity, School of Art, Art History and Design. 121. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/artstudents/121 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Art, Art History and Design, School of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations, and Student Creative Activity, School of Art, Art History and Design by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. VIEWING HEAVEN: ROCK CRYSTAL, RELIQUARIES, AND TRANSPARENCY IN FOURTEENTH-CENTURY AACHEN By Claire Kilgore A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Major: Art History Under the Supervision of Professor Alison Stewart Lincoln, Nebraska May, 2017 VIEWING HEAVEN: ROCK CRYSTAL, RELIQUARIES, AND TRANSPARENCY IN FOURTEENTH-CENTURY AACHEN Claire Kilgore, M.A. -
Chrismon Booklet | East Liberty Presbyterian Church
CHRISMONS East Liberty Presbyterian Church 116 South Highland Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15206-3985 CHRISMONS The word “Chrismon” is a combination of the words “Christ” and “monogram”. The word Chrismon has been adopted to refer to special Christmas tree ornaments that have been developed to display symbols of Christ. The designs of the Chrismons has over the years been extended to represent symbols of Christianity. All the ornaments are done in white and gold. In 1957 Chrismon ornaments were made and displayed on a Christmas tree at the Lutheran Church of the Ascension in Danville, Virginia. Through this church patterns were made available, and the idea of having a Chrismon tree has spread. Over the years more ornaments have been developed so that now a Chrismon may be a monogram, a sign, a symbol, a type, or a combination of such figures. The only requirement is that it refer primarily to Christ and God. The Eight Pointed Star symbolizes regeneration through Baptism. The Triquetra and Circle. The endless circle suggests eternity. The triquetra—the figure composed of three separate and equal arcs— symbolizes the One God who showed himself to man in three separate and distinct persons. Christogram with Cross, Cho Rho, Triangle and M. The Chi Rho, Cross and Triangle are familiar sym- bols of Christ and the Trinity, M is the monogram for his mother, Mary, which suggests His humanity. The Fleur-De-Lis is the conventionalized form of the lily, the flower of the virgin Mary, and the symbol of the annunciation of Jesus. The Five-Pointed Star is the great symbol of the Epiphany; the star that led the three wise men to the nativity. -
The ZEITGEIST Sourcebook Part 1: the Greatest Story Ever Told
The ZEITGEIST Sourcebook Part 1: The Greatest Story Ever Told Peter Joseph and D.M. Murdock Preface As one of the main sources for the religion part of the first ―ZEITGEIST‖ film, which has been viewed evidently over 100 million times worldwide, I have spent the past several years defending this ―Part 1‖ and bringing forth its sources into the light of day. I have written not only a number of articles and ebooks but also a nearly 600-page book, Christ in Egypt: The Horus-Jesus Connection, elucidating upon these sources, highlighting the very profound correspondences between Christianity and the ancient Egyptian religion. I have also done a number of videos and audio recordings on this subject as well. When Peter Joseph asked me to help out on this lengthy project, I readily agreed, even though the material contained herein had already been validated repeatedly in my other efforts. In this day and age, it is obvious that many people are not inclined or available time wise to read large tomes of scholarly writings in order to ―figure it all out.‖ This fact of time-constraint as well as difficulty in subject matter is the major reason ―ZEITGEIST‖ was so successful in the first place, as it provided a short and easily digestible summary of the issue at hand: To wit, the origins of some of our most cherished religious ideas. So, here we have put together a resource that is hopefully more readily available to all who are interested but find it difficult and time- consuming to wade through huge chunks of information. -
Frescoes of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, the Apostles, Evangelists, Prophets
SACRED SIGHTS Frescoes of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, the Apostles, evangelists, prophets, and angels adorn the walls of the church of the Red Monastery, built in the late fifth century A.D. as part of the flowering of Coptic culture in Egypt. PEDRO COSTA GOMES COPTIC CHRISTIANITY IN ANCIENT EGYPT Christianity’s origins in the ancient world are found in many places, but perhaps the most surprising are in Egypt, where the new faith took root and flourished shortly after the death of Jesus. JOSÉ PÉREZ-ACCINO SAFETY IN EGYPT In this detail of a 13th-century Coptic manuscript, the Flight into Egypt (top right) is depicted. This episode is of particular importance to Copts, who revere the places in Egypt where they believe the Holy Family wandered. AKG/ALBUM gypt, land of the pyramids, is the set- who wanted to kill the child.The family stays in ting for many of the best known tales Egypt until the danger has passed. fromtheOldTestament.ThroughMo- In addition to its important place in Scripture, ses, God punishes the Egyptian pha- Egypt was a fertile garden in the early flowering E A.D. raoh for holding the Hebrew people in of Christianity.From the first century ,as the bondage.Betrayed by his brothers,young Joseph faith took root and began to grow,Egypt became suffers in slavery in Egypt before rising to be- an important religious center, as theologians come vizier, second in power only to Pharaoh. and scholars flocked there.Egyptian Christian- When turning to the New Testament, ity developed its own distinctive flavor,shaped many people think of the lands of Israel by the words, culture, and history of ancient and Palestine, the places where Jesus was Egypt. -
Runic Roods of Ruthwell and Bewcastle, W
RUfV/eHl" CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ENGLISH COLLECTION THE GIFT OF JAMES MORGAN HART PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH Cornell University Library CC315.R8 H59 + Runic roods of Ruthwell and Bewcastle, w 3 1924 029 809 070 ohn Overs Cornell University Library ^ The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029809070 THE BUNIC BOODS OF BUTHWELL AND BEWCASTLE All Rights Reserved PLATE I. RUTHWELL CltOSS, FROM THE SOUTH-EAST. Photograph by Mr J. C. Montgotnerie, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Frontispiece. THE RUNIC ROODS OF RUTHWELL AND BEWCASTLE WITH A SHORT HISTORY OF THE CROSS AND CRUCIFIX m SCOTLAND BY JAMES KING HEWISONJ M. A., D.D. (Edin. ); Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland THE WORKS OF NINIAN WINZET EDITOR OF ; AUTHOR OF "THE ISLE OF BUTE IN THE OLDEN TIME," "THE COVENANTERS," "THE COUNTY GEOGRAPHY OF DUMFRIESSHIRE," ETC. GLASGOW: JOHN SMITH & SON, LTD. 1914 DEDICATED TO JOHN CUNINGHAME MONTGOMERIE ESQUIRE OF DALMORE COMPANION DURING MANY PILGRIMAGES TO THE RUNIC ROODS OP RUTHWELL and BEWCASTLE PREFACE Veneration for the Runic Roods and a grateful interest in my native shire of Dumfries have impelled me to write this history of the stately Cross of Ruthwell, now re-erected within the Parish Church of Ruthwell, in the county of Dumfries, and to conjoin with it an account of the twin pillar which adorns the parish churchyard of Bewcastle, in Cumberland. The superb photographs of these two remarkable monuments which embellish this volume are the artistic work and the gift of Mr J. -
Cave Hill Cemetery Symbolism Booklet
ANCHOR Christ, who prevents people from becoming lost. Can also mean the deceased person was a sailor. ANGELS Spirituality. Angels guard the tomb, guide the soul, pray for the soul, and direct living visitors to think heavenwards. • The angel Michael bears a sword. • The angel Gabriel blows a born. • A guardian angel is one without horn or sword. • A cherub or baby angel is most often Anchor used on children’s markers. Section P, Lot 102 ARCH Victory BANNER Victory or triumph BIRD Symbol of the soul BOOK The Bible or wisdom. A stack of books indicates knowledge. An open book symbolizes the word of God revealed to the deceased. Book Section B, Lot 7 Angel Section D, Lot 18 1 BUTTERFLY Short life • Maltese Cross–Cross with four V-shaped arms, used in the insignia of some veterans’ groups. It was associated with CANDLE BEING SNUFFED Loss of life the military order that ruled the island of Malta in the Middle Ages. CHALICE Wine, symbolizing for Christians the blood of Christ • Orthodox, Patriarchal, or Eastern Cross–This cross with three horizontal bars became popular after the Great Schism CHAIN LINKS (THREE OR FIVE) between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism. A Masonic symbol The lettering represents the inscription Pilate placed on Jesus’ cross: “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews” CHILD A sleeping child was used (abbreviated INRI). during the Victorian era to symbolize death. • Roman or Latin Cross–Recreates the actual form of the crucifix. COAT OF ARMS Mark of status and wealth. Sometimes used to signify the • St.