Comparative Analysis of Print Defects in Newspaper Printing

www.ijemr.net ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962

Volume-6, Issue-3, May-June 2016 International Journal of Engineering and Management Research Page Number: 248-253

Satish Chauhan1, Vikas Jangra2, Ashwani Kumar3 1,2Faculty, Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana, INDIA 3M.Tech. (Printing Technology) Scholar, Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana, INDIA

ABSTRACT In this inked image is transferred from plate to rubber Newspaper industry is continuously improving print blanket and then subsequently on to printing substrate with quality day by day in order to meet higher and higher the help of suitable impression pressure. In newspaper customer expectations. Also it is one of the broadest sector in printing a large continuous reel of paper is fed which which printing industry dominates. The impact of the any typically passes through different printing units. After newspaper is decided by the number of circulation i.e. printing the main objective is to cut this reel into the readers of any newspaper. Now a day in order to attract readers and increasing the sales of production it is mandatory required size and fold the same which is mainly done in to maintain quality of printing up to a significant mark. But folding section at delivery unit. The most crucial task in printing defects would have always been major hurdle in the offset printing is maintaining ink-water balance. So to progressive path of quality. Identifying such defects occurred maintain the print quality of newspaper proper attention in national level Hindi and English newspaper was the main should be made from prepress section, printing section and objective of this research. Thus the present study aims to dispatch of printed newspaper keeping in view of all the address different defects occurred during Hindi and English variables with in the short span of time. So here in this newspaper printing. study main emphasize was made on commonly occurring defects like misregistration, setoff, slur, show through and Keywords---- Circulation, defects, newspaper, printing, ghosting. print quality

II. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

I. INTRODUCTION The key objective of this research was to elucidate on the following aspects of print defects in Web Newspaper is one amongst the broader sector of offset newspaper printing: - printing industry all over the entire world. Although 1. Identification of various defects occurred in Hindi newspaper is still one of the most popular mass media Newspapers today whatever be the frequency of technology 2. Identification of various defects occurred in propagation across the globe. The history of newspaper English Newspapers publishing is as ancient as that of printing. In 1702, ‘The 3. Comparative analysis between Hindi and English Daily Courant’ was first daily newspaper in London Newspapers whereas ‘Journal de Paris’ was the first daily newspapers 4. Remedies to overcome different types of printing appeared in France around 1777. Now days mostly defects newspapers are published daily and have a high circulation all over the world. Newspaper is printed by using web offset printing process. Offset printing or web offset III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY printing is a commonly used technique whose principle is derived from the planography printing process. This research work was carried in order to Planographic printing process is generally a process in analyze the commonly occurring printing defects during which image and non image area are chemically separated newspaper printing. The whole research was carried out at with the use of certain chemicals in such a way that image Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T Hisar. The area is ink receptive and non-image area is water receptive. whole research was made on the basis on observation and identification of printing defects. First of the commonly 248 Copyright © 2016. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved. www.ijemr.net ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962 occurring defects were enlisted. After that most study made on the commonly occurring defects and the dominating national Hindi and English newspaper were different national newspapers are enlisted in table 1. taken into consideration to accomplish the research. The

Commonly occurring National Newspaper Printing Defects Hindi Newspaper English Newspaper Mis-Registration Amar Ujala The Hindu Set off Dainik Bhaskar Hindustan Times Slur Dainik Jagran Times of India Show through Hari Bhoomi The Tribune Ghosting Punjab Kesari Indian Express Table 1: - Various variables considered during research

Keeping in view the above mentioned variables the data was collected. The data so obtained was analyzed using suitable statistical tools and techniques in order to conclude.

IV. DATA ANALYSIS

The data was collected during research on day to day basis from the main pages of all ten national newspapers for forty days. The data so collected was compiled and analyzed in order to accomplish the research effectively. This collected data was analyzed for the following research objectives:- 1. Identification of various defects occurred in Hindi Newspapers During observation it was found that Mis- 2. Identification of various defects occurred in registration was a common defect. The maximum English Newspapers frequency was recorded for the Punjab Kesari 40. In 3. Comparative analysis between Hindi and English addition to this there 36 was frequency for Dainik Bhaskar. Newspapers The minimum frequency was 4 recorded for Dainik Jagran. 4. Remedies to overcome different types of printing b. Set-off in Hindi Newspapers defects Set-off is the term in which one printed sheet is The findings of research are presented and illustrated transfers the unwanted ink on another sheet due to contact as below:- with that printed sheet. The results of finding are presented 1. Identification of various defects occurred in Hindi in figure 2. It was observed that set off occurred only in Newspapers case of two newspapers i.e. Dainik Bhaskar and Dainik During the study emphasized was made on most Jagran with frequency of 6 and 5 respectively. commonly occurring defects. The frequency of occurrence found for various defects in Hindi newspaper is presented as below: - a. Mis-registration in Hindi Newspapers All the layers of inks are printed at perfect register to get the best quality. If a single color of ink layer is out of register, it decreases the print quality and gives dull appearance. Mis-registration defect is most commonly visible in multi-color printing. The results are presented in figure 1.

249 Copyright © 2016. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved. www.ijemr.net ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962 c. Slur in Hindi Newspapers Slur is also known as doubling of image during printing. A double impression is formed just close to each other. The results are presented in figure 3. The defect slur was observed in Dainik Bhaskar newspaper with the frequency of 13. On the other hand in case of three newspapers among five, there was nothing like slurring during printing. Frequency for Punjab Kesari was observed 5.

2. Identification of various defects occurred in English Newspapers On the bases of observation made for the identification of various defects in English newspaper, the frequency of occurrence recorded is presented as below: - a. Mis-registration in English Newspapers The results of the finding are expressed in figure 6. The results depicted that in case of English newspaper the maximum frequency observed was 24 for The Tribune. But minimum frequency was zero for The Hindu. d. Show through in Hindi Newspapers Show-through is a printing defect in which a patch can be seen on the reverse side of the printed paper. The results obtained during research are shown in figure 4. It was found that maximum frequency was 14 recorded for Dainik Bhaskar newspaper. Minimum frequency observed was one for Punjab Kesari newspaper.

b. Set-off in English Newspapers The results of occurrence of set-off in English newspaper are shown in figure 7. Observations depicted that maximum frequency recorded was 2 for two newspapers i.e. for Times of India and The Tribune. In contrast to it in case of The Hindu and Indian Express newspaper this defect was no more in existence.

e. Ghosting in Hindi Newspapers Ghosting defects occurs when large amount of ink is transferred on some area of the image which required lower amount of ink. The results of the finding depicted that maximum frequency of occurrence was recorded for 36 in case of Punjab Kesari newspaper. Minimum frequency was 6 recorded for Amar Ujala newspaper as shown in figure 5.

250 Copyright © 2016. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved. www.ijemr.net ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962 c. Slur in English Newspapers e. Ghosting in English Newspapers During the observation it was found that there The results depicted that maximum occurrence was complete absence of this defect in case of all English frequency of ghosting was 10 recorded for Indian Express newspapers. The frequency recorded was zero as shown in newspaper while minimum frequency indicated that there figure 8. was complete absence of ghosting in case of The Hindu newspaper as expressed in figure 10.

d. Show through in English Newspapers The maximum frequency of show through was recorded for The Tribune newspaper. In contrast to it 3. Comparative analysis between Hindi and English minimum frequency observed was 5 for Times of India Newspapers newspaper as expressed in figure 9. In order to achieve the research objectives the study was made on Hindi as well as English newspaper. These newspapers are national dominating. So comparison becomes inevitable between two language papers. This thing is of prime importance that the research was made only keeping in view of the printing defects occurred during printing. Data collected was observation based i.e. visual valuation. On the bases of the data collected and analyses made the comparison is summarized in table 2.

Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency Type of Defect Hindi Newspaper English Newspaper Hindi Newspaper English Newspaper MIS-REGISTRATION DJ : 4 The Hindu : 0 PK : 40 The Tribune: 24 SET-OFF AU, HB & PK : 0 IE & The Hindu : 0 DJ : 5 TOI & The Tribune: 2 SLUR AU, DJ & HB : 0 NONE DB : 13 NONE SHOW THROUGH PK : 1 TOI : 5 DB : 24 The Tribune: 24 GHOSTING AU : 6 The Hindu : 0 PK : 36 IE : 10

Abbreviations Used: - AU: Amar Ujala, DB: Dainik Bhaskar, DJ: Dainik Jagran, HB: Hari Bhoomi, PK: Punjab Kesari, HT – Hindustan Times, IE: Indian Express and TOI: Times of India. Table 2: - Comparison between Hindi and English language newspapers

4. Remedies to overcome different types of printing following remedies are suggested in context to observation defects during the study. Printer can avoid occurrence of defects It is very much inevitable to overcome these up to a certain extent by implementing these strategies various defects from quality aspect of printing. So listed in table 3.

NEWSPAPER PRINTING Printing Defects Remedies i.e. How to Overcome Sr. Various Defects Causes (If it is: ….) Then ( Action ) 1. MIS-REGISTRATION Improper registration Correct the Registration 2. SET-OFF Ink is not dried Increase temperature ( if low) Printed sheet comes in contact Use anti-set off spray powder Printed sheet comes in contact Use of sleep sheets 3. SLUR Cylinder packing is over Sufficient packing of cylinder Loose blankets Fixing blanket properly More plate-to-blanket pressure Maintain Sufficient pressure 4. SHOW THROUGH Less viscosity of ink Maintain viscosity of ink Paper – Ink unsuitability Match paper and ink compatibility 5. GHOSTING Inconsistent ink feed Regular supply of ink Poor ink and water balance Maintain ink and water balance Insufficient ink density Increase Ink Density Improper roller settings Setting of rollers evenly Table 3: - Various remedies to overcome printing defects

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION slur, show through and ghosting were the most frequently occurring printing defect in offset printing. Various types After collecting the data, it was analyzed. It was of print mottling were found during the research. The observed that the results obtained during the research were frequency of occurring of various types of printing defects in accordance with the standard range. During the analysis in Hindi newspapers and English newspapers is of the data it was observed that misregistration, set-off, summarized in table 4 and table 5 respectively.

PRINT DEFECT AMAR DAINIK DAINIK HARI PUNJAB AND NEWSPAPER UJALA BHASKAR JAGRAN BHOOMI KESARI MIS-REGISTRATION 7 36 4 18 40

SET-OFF 0 6 5 0 0 SLUR 0 13 0 0 5

SHOW THROUGH 7 14 11 6 1

GHOSTING 6 11 13 19 36

Table 4: - Summery of frequency of defects occurred in Hindi newspapers

PRINT DEFECT THE HINDUSTAN TIMES OF THE INDIAN AND NEWSPAPER HINDU TIMES INDIA TRIBUNE EXPRESS MIS-REGISTRATION 0 3 3 24 10

SET-OFF 0 1 2 2 0 SLUR 0 0 0 0 0

SHOW THROUGH 21 7 5 24 10

GHOSTING 0 2 1 6 10

Table 5: - Summery of frequency of defects occurred in English newspapers

VI. CONCLUSION This research paper has presented an overview about the analysis of various printing defects occurred during printing of Hindi and English newspaper. In order 252 Copyright © 2016. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved. www.ijemr.net ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962 to maintain the quality of newspaper printing it is Academy and Society. By: Lund strom, J., & Verikas, A. mandatory to print it defect free as much as possible. From (2011). the above research it was concluded that it is not much [5] Peter Nussbaun “Quantitative and observer based print difficult to control the defects during newspaper printing. quality evaluation in offset newspaper print.” On the bases of observation it was concluded that in case [6] Svante Roding, Abdu Yohance Bunch, Don Voas, & of all newspaper only Dainik Bhaskar and Punjab Kesari Ronald Earl Hostetler, (2006). Method to reduce back trap have slur problem. Also in case of Punjab Kesari offset print mottle. United States Patent Application newspaper highest mis-registration was observed. In Publication. contrast to this highest registration i.e. no mis-registration [7] Guan, L., Lin, J., Chen, G., & Chen, M. (2006, August). was found in ‘The Hindu’ newspaper. Setoff problem was Study for the offset printing quality control expert system not a big deal to tackle with. It was almost under control based on case reasoning. Proceedings of the 2nd during printing in all newspapers. In case of show through IEEE/ASME International Conference on (pp. 1-5). IEEE. problem the maximum frequency was observed for ‘The [8] John C Briggs, Alice H Klein, “Application of ISO – Tribune’ and ‘The Hindu’. Although it was observed that 13660, A New International Standard for objective Print ‘The Hindu’ had no defect except show through. In case Quality Evaluation.” of Hindi language newspaper ‘Dainik Bhaskar’ got the [9] Seymour, J. What's on the horizon for web offset color maximum frequency for show through. In case of measurement and control? GCA Digital Spectrum, 96, 15- ghosting ‘Punjab Kesari’ and ‘Indian Express’ had 18. maximum frequency in case of Hindi and English [10] Casanova, C. C. A. (2008). A study of production newspaper respectively. workflows, technology and hybrid printing models in small newspaper companies. REFERENCES [11] Quantitative evaluation of mis-registration-induced color shifts in color halftones. In Electronic Imaging [1] Sheetfed Offset Press (2nd Edition) Graphic Arts 2005 (pp. 501-512). International Society for Optics and Technical Foundation, By: Lloyd P. Dejidas & Thomas M. Photonics. By: Oztan, B., Sharma, G. Loce, R. P. (2005, Destree. (1995). January). [2] Heidelberg USA, Inc., “Tips for Four-Color Printing on [12] Voltaire, J. (2006). Ink Film Splitting Acoustics in the Print master QM 46”. Offset Printing. [3] Transformation of Newspapers in the Technology Era, [13] H. Kipphan. Offset Printing. In Handbook of Print Undergraduate Research in Communications, By: Everett, Media (p. 225). Springer Science & Business Media, 2001. C. E. [14] Fuchs, B., “The influence of the quality of raw water [4] System for assessing, exploring and monitoring offset in damping solutions on newspaper printing,” (1996) print quality. In The 2nd European Conference of Systems [15] General Requirements for Applications in (ECS'11), Puerto De La Cruz Tenerife, Spain, December Commercial offset Lithography - GRACOL 6.0. (2002). 10-12, 2011 (pp. 28-33). World Scientific and Engineering Alexandria, VA: IDE Alliance. [16] Rossitza Sardjeva, “Printability and Run ability of Paper in Web Offset Printing Technologies.