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Anatomska I Mikromorfološka Varjabilnost Vrste Salvia Nemorosa L

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Anatomska I Mikromorfološka Varjabilnost Vrste Salvia Nemorosa L Univerzitet u Nišu Prirodno-matematički fakultet Departman za biologiju i ekologiju Anđela Z. Vučković Anatomska i mikromorfološka varjabilnost vrste Salvia nemorosa L. MASTER RAD Niš, 2020. Univerzitet u Nišu Prirodno-matematički fakultet Departman za biologiju i ekologiju Anatomska i mikromorfološka varjabilnost vrste Salvia nemorosa L. MASTER RAD Kandidat: Mentor: Anđela Z. Vučković Prof. dr Marina Jušković br. ind. 301 Niš, jul, 2020. UNIVERSITY OF NIŠ FACULTY OF SCIENCES AND MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Anatomical and micromorphological variability of Salvia nemorosa L. MASTER THESIS Candidate: Menthor: Anđela Z. Vučković PhD Marina Jušković no. of index 301 Niš, jul 2020. Zahvalnica Zahvaljujem se svim profesorima Prirodno-matematičkog fakulteta, koji su mi predavali tokom studija, čiji je trud i veliko zalaganje da nam obezbede što bolje znanje rezultiralo uspešnim završetkom studija. Srdačno se zahvaljujem svom mentoru, prof. dr Marini Jušković, na pruženoj nesebičnoj pomoći i razumevanju prilikom izrade master rada. Zahvaljum se doktorantu Jovani Stojanović i kolegenici Anđeli Vukojević na iskrenim savetima i pomoći prilikom rada u laboratoriji. Beskrajnu zahvanost dugujem dragim ljudima oko sebe, bez kojih ne bih mogla da ostvarim svoje zamisli, a posebno svojoj porodici koja mi je omogućila školovanje i motivisala me tokom istog. Hvala rodbini, prijateljima i kolegama koji su studentske dane učinili lepšim i pružili mi neizmernu podršku. Ovaj rad posvećujem svojoj porodici. BIOGRAFIJA KANDIDATA Anđela Vučković rođena je 15. januara 1996. u Nišu. Godine 2011. završila je Osnovnu školu “Ivo Andrić” u Nišu kao nosilac Vukove diplome. Gimnaziju “9. maj” u Nišu završila je 2015. Po završetku srednje škole, 2015. godine, upisala je osnovne akademske studije na Prirodno-matematičkom fakultetu Univerziteta u Nišu, na Departmanu za biologiju i ekologiju. Osnovne studije završila je 2018. godine i time stekla zvanje “Biolog” sa prosečnom ocenom 8,28. Iste godine upisala je master akademske studije na Departmanu za biologiju i ekologiju, Prirodno-matematičkog fakulteta u Nišu, smer Biologija. SAŽETAK U ovom radu analizirana je varijabilnost vrste Salvia nemorosa L. sa pet lokaliteta jugoistočne Srbije: Kladušnica, Gradsko polje, Bubanj, Kunovica i Ploče. Analizom su obuhvaćena 32 kvantitativna i kvalitativna karaktera lista i stabla. Cilj rada je bio analiza i utvrđivanje stepena varijabilnosti mikromorfoloških karakteristika lista i anatomskih karakteristika lista i stabla. Anatomska analiza je obavljena na mikroskopskim preparatima koji su urađeni standardnom histološkom metodom za svetlosnu mikroskopiju Merenja kvantitativnih karaktera lista vršena su u softverskim paketima Leica DM2500 i Image J. Dobijeni podaci su statistički obrađeni u statističkom paketu SYSTAT 12 (Systat software, Inc.2007). Analizirane populacije poseduju bifacijalne, hipostomatične listove. S. nemorosa poseduje četvorougaona stabla. Vegetativni i generativni organi analiziranih vrsta nose raznovrsne neglandularne i glandularne trihome. Analiza varijasi (ANOVA) pokazala da karakteri poput debljine kutikule i epidermisa lica lista, debljine palisadnog tkiva, visine palisadnih ćelija, broja palisadnih slojeva, debljine epidermisa i širine stoma naličja lista, i dijagonale stabla, ne bi trebalo koristiti prilikom daljih statističkih analiza, jer ovi parametri nisu imali značaja u formiranju razlika između ispitivanih populacija vrste Salvia nemorosa L.. Na osnovu Analize glavnih komponenti (PCA) utvrđeno je da su karakteri koji imaju najveći statistički značaj broj palisadnih slojeva lica lista, broj stoma lica lista/mm2 i prečnik stabla, dužina i širina stoma lica lista, broj stoma naličja lista/mm2 i debljina lista. Ovi karakteri mogu imati potencijalni značaj za taksonomiju u okviru roda Salvia L. Diskriminantna analiza (CDA) je pokazala da su anatomski najsličnije populacije sa lokaliteta Ploče, Kladušnica i Bubanj, dok se populacija sa lokaliteta Gradsko polje jasno odvaja od ostalih populacija po svojim anatomskim karakteristikama. Ovaj master rad predstavlja samo početnu fazu analiziranja vrste S. nemorosa i analizom treba obuhvatiti i druge organe i proučiti ih kako sa morfološkog, tako i sa anatomskog aspekta. Ključne reči: Salvia nemorosa L., morfologija, anatomija, list, stablo ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the variability of the species Salvia nemorosa L. from five localities in southeastern Serbia: Kladušnica, Gradsko polje, Bubanj, Kunovica and Ploče. The analysis included 32 quantitative and qualitative characters of leaves and trees. The aim of this study was to analyze and determine the degree of variability of micromorphological characteristics of leaves and anatomical characteristics of leaves and trees. Anatomical analysis was performed microscopically preparations made by standard histological method for light microscopy Measurements of quantitative character of leaves were performed in software packages Leica DM2500 and Image J. The obtained data were statistically processed in the statistical package SYSTAT 12 (Systat software, Inc.2007). The analyzed populations have bifacial, hypostomatic leaves. S. nemorosa has quadrangular trees. Vegetative and generative organs of the analyzed species carry various non-glandular and glandular trichomes. Variable analysis (ANOVA) showed that characters such as cuticle and epidermis thickness of leaf face, palisade tissue thickness, palisade cell height, number of palisade layers, epidermis thickness and stoma width of leaf back, and tree diagonal, should not be used in further statistical analyzes because these parameters were not important in the formation of differences between the examined populations of Salvia nemorosa L. Based on the Analysis of the main components (PCA) it was determined that the characters with the greatest statistical significance are the number of palisade layers of leaf faces, number of leaf faces / mm2 and tree diameter , length and width of leaf face stoma, number of leaf back stoma / mm2 and leaf thickness. These characters may have potential significance for taxonomy within the genus Salvia L. Discriminant analysis (CDA) showed that the anatomically most similar populations are from Ploče, Kladušnica and Bubanj, while the population from Gradsko polje is clearly separated from other populations by its anatomical characteristics . This master thesis represents only the initial phase of the analysis of the species S. nemorosa and the analysis should include other organs and study them from both morphological and anatomical aspects. Keywords: Salvia nemorosa L, morphology, anatomy, leaf, tree Sadržaj 1. Uvod ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Porodica Lamiaceae ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.2. Taksonomske karakteristike i specifičnosti roda Salvia L. ........................................................... 3 1.3. Biološke karakteristike i specifičnosti roda Salvia L. ................................................................... 4 1.3.1. Morfoloske karakteristike roda Salvia L. .............................................................................. 4 1.3.2. Anatomske karakteristike roda Salvia L. .............................................................................. 5 1.3.3. Lekovite karakteristike i upotreba vrsta iz roda Salvia L...................................................... 6 1.4. Karakteristike vrste Salvia nemorosa L. ....................................................................................... 7 1.4.1. Opis vrste .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.4.2. Dosadašnja istraživanja vrste Salvia nemorosa L. ................................................................ 9 2. Cilj rada ............................................................................................................................................... 10 3. Materijal i metode ............................................................................................................................... 11 3.1. Terenska istraživanja i sakupljanje biljnog materijala za analizu ............................................... 11 3.2. Analizirane populacije vrste S. nemorosa ................................................................................... 11 3.3. Anatomska i mikromorfološka analiza listova i stabala ............................................................. 11 3.4. Statistička obrada podataka ......................................................................................................... 12 4. Rezultati i diskusija ............................................................................................................................. 13 4.1. Analiza površinskih struktura lista ispitivanih populacija vrste Salvia nemorosa ...................... 13 4.1.1. Varjabilnost epidermalnih struktura lista ............................................................................ 17 4.2. Anatomske karakteristike lista ispitivanih populacija vrste Salvia nemorosa L. ........................ 22 4.2.1. Varijabilnost anatomskih karaktera lista ............................................................................. 24 4.3. Anatomske karakteristike stabla ispitivanih populacija vrste Salvia nemorosa.........................
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