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FAMILY LAMIACEAE: MAIN IMPORTANT SPONTANEOUS MEDICINAL the Research Included Field Observations at Different Time of the Year, During the Period 2010- 2015

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FAMILY LAMIACEAE: MAIN IMPORTANT SPONTANEOUS MEDICINAL the Research Included Field Observations at Different Time of the Year, During the Period 2010- 2015 86 JOURNAL OF BOTANY VOL. VIII, NR. 1 (12), 2016 JOURNAL OF BOTANY VOL. VIII, NR. 1 (12), 2016 87 CZU: 633.58:582.6 (478) MATERIALS AND METHODS FAMILY LAMIACEAE: MAIN IMPORTANT SPONTANEOUS MEDICINAL The research included field observations at different time of the year, during the period 2010- 2015. Selected plant species were collected and identified with the help of researchers of Native Flora AND AROMATIC SPECIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA and Herbarium Laboratory. An ample revision has been made in the Herbarium of the Botanical Garden (I) of ASM. The nomenclature of the taxa is given according to up to date scientific papers [5, Nina Ciocarlan 8, 11]. The field studies were preceded by an extensive literature survey regarding this large botanical Botanical Garden (Institute) of Academy of Sciences of Moldova family. An assessment of a large number of wild Lamiaceae species with medicinal properties was made through interviews with local people. Detailed ethnobotanical data along with Herbarium material were Abstract: In this research, medicinal and aromatic species of Lamiaceae family, spontaneously growing in local flora, were gathered to verify species identification and their uses. The investigations regarding cultivation of some detected. In the flora of the Republic of Moldova, Lamiaceae family is represented by 28 genera and 82 species. Out of a total therapeutically important species were carried out at the experimental fields in the Botanical Garden. number of native Lamiaceae species, 57 have been documented for medicinal use. But much less of them are actually used in both Germplasm material of 16 selected species was obtained from natural population. Investigations include official and folk medicine in our country. Thirteen genera, including therapeutically important species, are widely represented and propagation aspects and research into cultivation techniques. The biological particularities and the distributed in all parts of the country. More than twenty species with high frequency and abundance can be recommended to be phenologic rhythm are also recorded [14, 17, 20]. harvested and valorized without damaging their natural populations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS INTRODUCTION In the native flora Lamiaceae family is represented by 82 species belonging to 28 genera. Among TheLamiaceae plant family is one of the largest families among the dicotyledones including about the richest genera we can enumerate: Salvia with 8 species; four genera with 6 species (Mentha, Ajuga, 220 genera and almost 4000 species spread all over the world, most frequently in Mediterranean region Stachys and Teucrium); Galeopsis and Thymus with 5 species and, Lamium and Scutellaria with 4 species. [4, 7, 8]. The family is represented in flora of the Republic of Moldova by 28 genera and 82 species The less numerous genera with 3 species areLeonurus, Marrubium, Nepeta and Prunella). Ten genera [11].This large family is known for the vast quantity of species with medicinal, aromatic, culinary and (Acinos, Ballota, Clinopodium, Dracocephalum, Galeobdolon, Melissa, Melittis, Micromeria, Chaiturus ornamental properties. and Origanum) are monospecific. Other five (Calamintha, Glechoma, Lycopus, Phlomis and Sideritis) are Lamiaceae species are very popular in folk medicine to treat various health problems such as represented by two taxa. Out of a total number of native Lamiaceae species, 57 have been documented throat infections, stomach disorders, ulcer, spasm, cold, hemorrhages and skin problems. Species of for medicinal use. But much less of them are actually used in both official and folk medicine in our this botanical family contain a wide variety of bioactive substances that make them very important country. from pharmacological point of view. A large group of chemical compounds, such as mono-, di- and The field investigations, the survey of the scientific references and the ethnobotanical studies triterpenoids, iridoids, flavonoids, steroids, phenolic compounds, saponins, coumarins, alkaloids, allowed identifying the main important and usable medicinal and aromatic plants from Lamiaceae tannins have been reported from the members of this family [12, 19, 21]. The family is also famous for family, naturally growing in R. Moldova. They are listed, in the alphabetical order of their scientific the presence of essential oils. Their constituents have been found to be anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, names in the table 1. The information is completed by data concerning the plant parts used, therapeutic cicatrizing, stomachic, sedative, spasmolytic, diuretic, expectorant, cardiac, hypotensive etc. activities, utilization and method of preparation. The medicinal properties of Lamiaceae species and their traditional use worldwide have attracted Most Lamiaceae plant family members are herbaceous, mainly perennial plants; however, some of attention of many scientists in different parts of the world. This has led, in the last few decades to intensive them are small size shrubs (e.g., members of Teucrium, Thymus, Nepeta etc.). The raw materials are used phytochemical investigations on these plants in order to prove the bases of their ethnobotanical uses in many different forms: fresh, powdered, infusions, decoctions, tincture etc. and to identify the structure of new compounds in hope of finding modern efficient drugs for various In the most of the cases the vegetal matter is used as infusion. The most important medicinal diseases. Recent studies [1, 2, 9, 10, 13] showed that the medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae properties of Lamiaceae species are anti-inflammatory, astringent, cicatrizing, expectorant, diuretic, family, in particular to the subfamily Lamioideae are very important for the antimicrobial, antifungal, cholagogic, hypotensive. Due to these therapeutic qualities they are mainly used for the diseases related antibacterial and antioxidant activities. This family contains many species with potential therapeutic to digestive system. The second common application is for treatment of respiratory problems with activity due to their content of essential oils. Numerous studies [3, 12, 19, 21] focus on isolation, chemical implication of diverse infections. composition and biological activities of the essential oils recovered from the Lamiaceae species. The Out of the total number of 28, thirteen genera of this family (Salvia, Mentha, Ajuga, Stachys, Teucrium, presence of volatile oil makes them very valuable in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Thymus, Lamium, Marrubium, Leonurus, Prunella, Acinos, Ballota and Phlomis) are widely represented Based on literature search [15, 16, 18, 19], more than 60 native species belonging to this family and distributed in all parts the country. Among species with high frequency and abundance that can be contain a wide variety of chemical compounds making them very important from pharmacological point harvested and valorized without damaging their natural populations are following: Ajuga reptans, Ballota of view. But, much less Lamiaceae species are used for medical purposes in the Republic of Moldova. Up nigra, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium album, Leonurus quinquelobatus, Marrubium vulgare, Mentha to date there is no distinct reference on the ethnobotany and use of these species in modern medicine spicata, Origanum vulgare, Phlomis pungens, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia aethiopis, S. nemorosa, Scutellaria in our country. Although, there are some studies regarding several indigenous Lamiaceae species, this altissima, Sideritis montana, Stachys annua, S. recta, Teucrium chamaedrys, Thymus marschallianus. Some diverse family is still waiting to be explored. The goal of the present study is to identify the native species of them (Ballota nigra, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium album, Leonurus quinquelobatus, Prunella vulgaris, of this family and to complete preliminary informative studies on their potential use in pharmaceutical Salvia nemorosa and Stachys annua) showed wide distribution, frequently occurring as weeds around industry. The investigations are, also targeted at species that are insufficiently studied from bio-chemical human settlements and considered as important medicinal plant resource not only for pharmacological viewpoint and to the possibilities of introduction into culture of some therapeutically important research, but also for traditional use. Lamiaceae species growing in the flora of the Republic of Moldova. 88 JOURNAL OF BOTANY VOL. VIII, NR. 1 (12), 2016 JOURNAL OF BOTANY VOL. VIII,astringent, NR. 1 (12), 2016 kidney disorders, gynecological illnesses, burns syrup 89 carminative, tonic, sedative, diuretic Table 1. TheTable main 1. Theimportant main important and usable and spontaneous usable spontaneous medicinal medicinalLamiaceae Lamiaceaespecies species cholagogue, anti- gastritis, diarrhea, stomach colic, gallstones, Plant Method of spastic, expectorant, flatulence, cholecystitis, nausea, obesities, tea, N/ Scientific name part Therapeutic effects Utilization administratio antibacterial, tonic, chronic bronchitis, rhinitis, asthma, laryngitis, tincture, o used n 16 Origanum A. p. antiseptic, diuretic, pyelonephritis, kidney and bladder stones, infusion, anti-inflammatory, infections (malaria, dysentery, tuberculosis), vulgare L. hemostatic, tumors, neuroses, asthenia, hysteria, insomnia, decoction Fl cicatrizing, hepatitis, digestive affections (diarrhea, stomach infusion cicatrizing, anti- epilepsy, hypertension, stroke, paralysis, 1 Ajuga reptans L. L hemostatic, ulcers, gallstones),
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