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Unless Otherwise Stated, London Is the Place of Publication. Classi- Cal Notes Unless otherwise stated, London is the place of publication. Classi­ cal references are taken from the Loeb Classical Library texts, un­ less otherwise stated. Explorations 1. Sir R. Livingstone (ed.), The Legacy of Greece (1921; reissued 1969), preface. 2. F. Schiller, Ueber naive und sentimentalische Dichtung (1795), Naive and Sentimental Poetry and On the Sublime, Two Essays, translated by J.A. Elias (New York, 1966), p. 85. 3. G. Highet, The Classical Tradition: Greek and Roman Influences on West­ ern Literature (Oxford, 1949), p. 1. 4. B. Knox, Backing Into the Future: The Classical Tradition and its Renewal (1994), p. 15; J. Churton Collins, Greek Influence on English Poetry (London, Bath and New York, 1910), p. 53. 5. C.M. Bowra, The Greek Experience (1957), p. 1; F.E. Pierce, 'The Hellenic Current in English Nineteenth Century Poetry', Journal of English and Germanic Philology, 16 (1917), pp. 103-35; R.R. Bolgar (ed.), Classical Influences on Western Thought 1650-1870 (Cambridge, 1979), p. 1. 6. M. Finley (ed.), The Legacy of Greece: A New Appraisal (Oxford, 1981), preface. In his anthology, English Romantic Hellenism (Manchester, 1982), Timothy Webb notes the variety of response to Greece but is not concerned with the question of influence. Even Richard Jenkyns' much admired The Victorians and Ancient Greece (Oxford, 1980) and Frank Turner's The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain (New Haven, 1981) offer only sophisticated forms of the Casaubon cataloguing type. 7. P. Sherrard, The Pursuit of Greece: An Anthology (1964), pp. 2, 11-15. 8. L. MacNeice, Autumn Journal (1939), IX. 9. 0. Talpin, Greek Fire (1989), p. 25. 10. B. Knox, The Oldest Dead White European Males (New York and London, 1993), p. 28. 11. J.A. Notopoulos, The Platonism of Shelley: A Study of Platonism and the Poetic Mind (Durham, North Carolina, 1949). For a similar idealising and escapist view of Romantic Greece, see T. Webb, The Violet in the Crucible: Shelley and Translation (Oxford, 1976). 12. See for Keats, E. B. Hungerford, Shores of Darkness (New York, 1941), p. 6; for Byron, F.E. Pierce, 'The Hellenic Current in English Nine­ teenth Century Poetry', p. 109. Mary Beard and John Henderson do not even mention Shelley, but argue that Byron's and Keats's vision 209 210 Notes of Greece 'became the standard' in the nineteenth century: see M. Beard and J. Henderson, Classics: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford, 1995), pp. 14-16. 13. Keats, 'Ode to Psyche' (1820), II. 50-3, 64-7. 14. M. Aske, Keats and Hellenism (Cambridge, 1985). 15. E.J. Trelawny, Recollections of the Last Days of Byron and Shelley (1858, new edn, 1906), pp. 136-7. 16. E.J. Trelawny, Records of Shelley, Byron and the Author (1878), p. 37. 17. Most books on Byron's hellenism take that heroism at face value. See H. Spender, Byron and Greece (1924); T.B. Spencer, Byron and the Greek Tradition (Byron Foundation Lecture, Nottingham, 1959); E. Long­ ford, Byron's Greece (1975). 18. Shelley to Peacock, Letters, 23-4 January 1819. 19. Shelley, Defence of Poetry, Reiman and Powers, p. 487. 20. W.J. Bate, The Burden of the Past and the English Poet (1971). 21. SeeM. Worton and J. Still (eds), Jntertextuality (1990). 22. L.P. Hartley, The Go-Between (1953), prologue. 23. E. Said, Orientalism {1978; republished, Penguin, 1991), p. 3. 24. M. Bernal, Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Western Culture, 2 vols (1987-91), I, p. 236. 25. Said, Orienta/ism, p. 12. 26. See, for example, E. Hall, 'When is a Myth not a Myth?: Bernal's Ancient Model', Arethusa, 25.1 (Winter, 1992), pp. 181-201. 27. M. Bernal, Black Athena, I, p. 209. 28. H. Cixous, 'Sorties', in E. Marks and I. de Courtivron (eds), New French Feminisms (Brighton, 1980), p. 90. 29. L. Irigaray, Speculum de I'Autre Femme, translated as Speculum of the Other Woman by G.C. Gill (New York, 1985). 30. M. Green, Dreams of Adventure, Deeds of Empire {1980); P. Brantlinger, Rule of Darkness: British Literature and Imperialism 1830-1914 (New York, 1988). 31. E. Said, Culture and Imperialism, (1993), pp. 95-116. See also N. Leask, British Romantic Writers and the East: Anxieties of Empire (Cambridge, 1992); J. Barrell, The Infection of Thomas De Quincey: A Psychopathology of Imperialism (New Haven and London, 1991). 32. P. Cartledge, The Greeks: A Portrait of Self and Others (Oxford, 1993). 33. E. Hall, Inventing the Barbarian: Greek Self-Definition in Tragedy (Ox­ ford, 1989), p. 4. 34. H. Erskine-Hill, The Augustan Idea in English Literature (1983), pp. 234-66. 35. E. Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776), chapter 2. 36. W. Leppman, Pompeii in Fact and Fiction {1968), pp. 48-91. 37. J. Stuart and N. Revett, The Antiquities of Athens, 4 vols (1762-1816). 38. R. Wood, A Comparative View of the Antient and Present State of the Troad. To which is attached an Essay on the Original Genius of Homer (1767). There was an earlier assessment of Homer in the eighteenth century- T. Blackwell, An Enquiry into the Life and Writings of Homer (1735). However, Blackwell was primarily concerned with Homer as a model of simplicity for contemporary writing, whereas Wood's Notes 211 interest in Homer as a historical figure, of interest in his own right, pioneered a new way of regarding Homeric life. 39. D. Irwin (ed.), Winckelmann: Writings on Art (1972). 40. J.J. Barthelemy, Voyage de Je1me Anacharsis en Grece, dans le milieu du quatrieme siecle avant /'ere v1tlgaire, 5 vols (Paris, 1788, trans. 1791). 41. C.M. Wieland, The History of Agathon (1766), translated by J. Richard­ son, 4 vols (1783), I, pp. xviii-xix. 42. A.W. Schlegel, A Course of Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature, translated by J. Black, 2 vols (1815), Lecture II, p. 45. 43. See D. Constantine, Early Greek Travellers and the Hellenic Ideal (Cambridge, 1984) and H.N. Angelomatis-Tsougarakis, 'The Eve of the Greek Revival: British Travellers' Perceptions of Early Nineteenth Century Greece' (Unpublished DPhil Thesis, Oxford University, 1986). 44. J. Buzard, The Beaten Track: European Travel, Tourism and the Ways to Culture (Oxford, 1994). 45. F.A. Wolf, Prolegomena ad Homerum; sive De Operum Homericorum prisca et genuina forma variisque mutationibus, et probabili ratione emend­ andi (Halis Saxorum, 1795); J. Bryant, A Dissertation concerning the War of Troy, and the Expedition of the Grecians, showing that no such expedition was ever undertaken, and that no such city of Phrygia existed (1796); W. Francklin, Remarks and Observations on the Plain of Troy (1800); W. Gell, The Topography of Troy, and its vicinity (1804). 46. W. StClair, Lord Elgin and the Marbles (1967), pp. 74-6. 47. Byron, Ravenna Journal, BLJ, Vol VIII, 11 January 1821. 48. F.M. Turner, 'Why the Greeks and not the Romans in Victorian Britain', in G.W. Clarke (ed.), Rediscovering Hellenism: The Hellenic Inheritance and the English Imagination (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 62-3. 49. E.S. Creasy, Some Account of the Foundation of Eton College, and of the Past and Present Condition of the School (1848), pp. 25-7; [Anon], The Eton System of Education Vindicated: and its Capabilities of Improvement Considered (1834). 50. N. Carlisle, A Concise Description of the Endowed Grammar Schools in England and Wales, 2 vols (1818). 51. D.S. Colman, Sabrinae Corolla: The Classics at Shrewsbury School under Dr. Butler and Dr. Kennedy (Shrewsbury, 1950); J.J. Findlay (ed.), Arnold of Rugby: His School Life and Contributions to Education (Cam­ bridge, 1897). 52. Creasy notices the introduction of these particular authors at Eton too: Some Account, p. 58. 53. T. Arnold 'Rugby School', Quarterly Journal of Education, 7 (1834), pp. 240-1. 54. See Rev. Hunt's letter to Lord Elgin, in W. StClair, Lord Elgin and the Marbles, p. 96. 55. W. St. Clair, Lord Elgin and the Marbles, pp. 172-9, 254-5. 56. G. Grote, History of Greece, 12 vols (1846-56), IV, pp. 234-42; W. Gladstone, Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, 3 vols (1853), III, 'The Politics of the Homeric Age', pp. 1-144. 212 Notes 57. F.M. Turner, The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain (New Haven, 1981), pp. 187-263. 58. C. Edwards (ed.), Palimpsests: Reading Rome 1789-1945, introduction [forthcoming]. 59. R.M. Ogilvie, Latin and Greek: A History of the Influence of the Classics 011 English Life from 1600-1918 (1964), p. 87. Ogilvie argues that, despite the 'transitional period', 'there is no sign of an Hellenic spirit per­ meating and transforming the conventional attitudes and morality inherited from the eighteenth century' (p. 82). 60. Evan Evans, Some Specimens of the Poetry of the Antient Welsh Bards (1764); Iolo Morganwg [Edward Williams], Poems, Lyric and Pastoral, 2 vols (1794); M. Edgeworth, Castle Rackrent, an Hibemian Tale, taken from the facts and from the manners of the Irish squires, before the year 1782 (1800). For the rise of local nationalisms, see R. Porter and M. Teich (eds), Romanticism in National Context (Cambridge, 1988). 61. J. Horne Tooke, Ema mepEOUta, or the Diversions of Purley (1786); W. Cobbett, Grammar of the English Language (1819). SeeM. Butler, Burke, Paine, Godwin and the Revolution Controversy (Cambridge, 1984), p. 14. 62. J. Klancher, The Making of English Reading Audiences 1790-1832 (Wis­ consin, 1987), p. 3. 63. S. Behrendt, Shelley and his Audiences (Lincoln, Nebraska and London, 1989). 64. ].]. McGann, The Romantic Ideology: A Critical Investigation (Chicago, 1983). 65. L. Metzger, One Foot in Eden: Modes of Pastoral in Romantic Poetry (North Carolina, 1986). 66. L.J. Swingle, The Obstinate Questionings of English Romanticism (Loui­ siana, 1987).
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