Addressing Social Determinants of Health in Dufferin County a Public Health Perspective on Local Health, Policy and Program Needs
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Addressing Social Determinants of Health in Dufferin County A public health perspective on local health, policy and program needs Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health ©Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health 2013 This report is available at www.wdgpublichealth.ca/reports For more information, please contact: Health Promotion and Health Analytics Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health 503 Imperial Rd N Guelph, ON N1H 6T9 T: 519-846-2715 or 1-800-265-7293 [email protected] www.wdgpublichealth.ca Terms of use Information in this report has been produced with the intent that it be readily available for personal or public non-commercial use and may be reproduced, in part or in whole, and by any means, without further permission. Users are required to: x Exercise due diligence in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced; and x Reference the report using the citation below, giving full acknowledgement to Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health. Citation Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health (2013). Addressing Social Determinants of Health in Dufferin County: A public health perspective on local health, policy, and program needs. Guelph, Ontario. Acknowledgements Authors Daniela Seskar-Hencic Laura Campbell, Health Promotion Specialist, Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health Keira Rainville, Masters of Public Health student, University of Guelph Louise Brooks, Health Promotion Specialist, Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health Primary Contributors Jennifer MacLeod, Program Manager, Health Analytics, Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health Wing Chan, Health Data Analyst, Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health Andrea Roberts, Director, Child & Family Health, Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health Sharlene Sedgwick Walsh, Director, Healthy Living, Planning & Promotion, Region of Waterloo Public Health 1 Acknowledgements | Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health Contents Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................... 1 Contents.......................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4 Context............................................................................................................................................ 6 How to use this report .................................................................................................................... 7 Dufferin County Geography............................................................................................................ 9 Social Determinants of Health ...................................................................................................... 10 Understanding Promising Practices.............................................................................................. 13 Social Determinants of Health in Dufferin County ....................................................................... 15 Low Income............................................................................................................................... 15 Food Insecurity.......................................................................................................................... 23 Transportation .......................................................................................................................... 25 Employment.............................................................................................................................. 26 Education .................................................................................................................................. 29 Immigrants................................................................................................................................ 32 Social and Community Support ................................................................................................ 36 Housing ..................................................................................................................................... 40 Early Child Development........................................................................................................... 45 Health Outcome Indicators........................................................................................................... 51 Priority Communities .................................................................................................................... 57 Priority Areas in Dufferin County.............................................................................................. 60 Shelburne.............................................................................................................................. 60 Orangeville ............................................................................................................................ 60 A Call to Action .............................................................................................................................. 61 References .................................................................................................................................... 66 Appendix A: Neighbourhood Profiles ........................................................................................... 74 Appendix B: Social Determinants of Health Fact Sheets ............................................................. 91 Addressing Social Determinants of Health | 2 Contents Maps included in the report SDOH indicator Map Average household income of private households (after tax) in 2005, by Household income neighbourhood, WDG. Private household Percentage of low income households (Low Income Measures after tax), LIM by neighbourhood, WDG, 2006. Percentage of children aged 6 years and under in private households Children LICO with low income after tax, by neighbourhood, WDG, 2006. Unemployment Percentage of individuals in the labour force aged 25 to 64 years who rate were unemployed, by neighbourhood, WDG, 2006. Percentage of the population aged 25 to 64 years who did not complete Low education high school education, by neighbourhood, WDG, 2006. Recent immigrant Percentage of the population who immigrated to Canada between 2001 population and 2006, by neighbourhood, WDG, 2006. Lone parent Percentage of families that were lone parent families, by families neighbourhood, WDG, 2006. Percentage of tenant- or owner-households spending 30% or more of Housing total household income on shelter expenses (rent or major payments), affordability by neighbourhood, WDG, 2006. Early childhood Percentage of senior kindergarten children who were vulnerable development in two or more Early Development Instrument (EDI) domains Three-year average emergency department visits (all cause) per 100,000 Total ED visits population, by neighbourhood, 2007-2009. Cardiovascular- Three-year average cardiovascular-related hospitalizations per 100,000 related population, by neighbourhood, 2007-2009. hospitalizations Injury-related Three-year average injury-related hospitalizations per 100,000 hospitalizations population, by neighbourhood, 2007-2009. Diabetes-related Three-year average diabetes-related hospitalizations per 100,000 hospitalizations population, by neighbourhood, 2007-2009. Lung cancer-related Three-year average lung cancer-related deaths per 100,000 population, deaths by neighbourhood, 2005-2007. 3 Contents | Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health “Positive health pertains to the capacity to enjoy life and withstand challenges.” - Bouchard, 1994, Determinants of Health and Wellness Introduction Social determinants of health are the socio-economic, cultural, and environmental conditions of our lives that impact overall health. A recent publication from the Health Council of Canada, Stepping it Up: Moving the Focus from Health Care in Canada to a Healthier Canada, confirms that Canadians with the lowest incomes are more likely to suffer from chronic conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease; to live with a disability; and to be hospitalized for a variety of health problems. They are twice as likely to use health care services as those with the highest incomes. Serious and pervasive concerns about growing health disparities, the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions, and the need to look at sustainability of the health care system are converging to create a sense of urgency about health promotion and disease prevention in Canada. Since the greatest gains in improving health can be made in vulnerable and marginalized sub-groups of our population, it is important to undertake activities supporting specific efforts in these areas. Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph (WDG) communities have demonstrated their commitment to improving the health of residents by addressing the social determinants of health. However, many of the existing health initiatives could be strengthened by using a “whole of community” approach, whereby action is taken collectively and results are measured and demonstrated. This report identifies barriers to health and wellbeing within communities and effective strategies to address these barriers and enable all residents to realize their full potential. The report also considers existing community strengths and assets. In order to create this picture quantitative data