Key to Classification of Wellington County Soils 18 Dumfries Series
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SOIL SURVEY of DUFFERIN COUNTY Ontario bY D. W. Hoffman B. C. Matthews Ontario Agricultural College R. E. Wicklund Soil Research Institute GUELPH, ONTARIO 1964 REPORT NO. 38 OF THE ONTARIO SOIL SURVEY RESEARCH BRANCH, CANADA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND THE ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to express their appreciation for the advice and assistance given by Dr. P. C. Stobbe, Director of the Soil Research Institute, Canada Depart- ment of Agriculture. The soil map was prepared for lithographing by the Cartographic section of the Soil Research Institute, Ottawa. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ,. .. ,,, 6 General Description of the Area ,, .. .. .. Location .._....... .. .. 2 Principal Towns . .. .. 6 Population . .. 6 Transportation .’ .. .. .. .,.... ..,. 8 Geology of the Unherlymg Rocks”: Surface Deposits \:..:1 “’ Fi Vegetation ,.. .. .. .. .. .. 12 Climate .. .. .. .. .. Relief and Drainage ,,,.. ,,,,“’ ,,. ,, ,,, :; The Classification and Description of the Soils 14 Series, Types, Phases and Complexes 16 Soil Catena __, ,,,,...,,__,.,,..,.._... _.,,...... ...l1..... ‘I 17 Key to Classification of Wellington County Soils 18 Dumfries Series . 20 Bondhead Series 11:” ” 2 1 Guelph Series . 22 London Series ” .’ Parkhill Series .... “’ 1: ‘1. : : ;; Harriston Series .’ 25 Harkaway Series 25 Listowel Series ., _, . ,, .,,, Wiarton Series ‘I ” ” 2 Huron Series Perth Series . iii Brookston Series ,’ ,. ,, 29 Dunedin Series Fox Series ,.., ,,...” ,, .: .. .. ,.,,,,, ;; Tioga Series 30 Brady Series Alliston Series 8 Granby Series 31 Burford Series ,, ,. ,. ., .. 1: 32 Brisbane Series 33 Gilford Series 1 ‘1’:. ‘.:I 33 Caledon Series ” . .. 33 Camilla Series 34 Hillsburgh Series ‘.I ” “” ,111.. ,, ” 34 Donnybrook Series 35 Bookton Series ,. .. .. .. 36 Wauseon Series ” ” Dundonald Series ,. “I’ ._ “1. i:: Honeywood Series 37 Embro Series 38 Crombie Series _... : .. 3 8 Bennington Series 38 Tavistock Series 1.1. 1 39 Maplewood Series ,.‘: ,::::: ‘....I.: I..: Whitfield Series .::E Brant Series Tuscola Series . ...:: Colwood Series 42 3 Brantford Series .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 42 Beverly Series .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ,.....,......,....,,...........,. 42 Toledo Series .. .. ..__........._... .. .._...._................................. .. ..___........... _..____., 42 Dumfries-Hillsburgh Complex . .. .. .. .. .. 43 Tioga-Bondhead Complex . .. .. 43 Osprey-Dunedin Complex . .. .._..... .. ..._...._........................ .. 44 Escarpment . .._ ..._..........,...............,........ ,.,.......,........,.........,......,,....,,,....,,,,.... 44 Muck . .. .. .. ..__....__..._.............................,,,.....,,,.......,,,,.....,,.....,,.....,,,,,..,.,.... 44 Peat .. .. ..__....__.......... 45 Agricultural Methods and Management ..____.__,...._..,__...........,,,, ,.. .._.___,._,,..,,,.,_,,,... _....__ ,.__...45 Soil Management .. ...__ .._....................... ...__......._................................ 45 Land Use Capability Classes .,,,,,...._____......_..,,,...................,,....... ,.........._..,,........,..... 48 Appendix _. _. .. .. ,... ., .. .,. .. ,...., ., ., _. 54 Taxonomic Classification, Profile Descriptions and Analytical Data .. ..__....... ._...,,,.,,......_.,,,....,,.,,,,,.,...,.... ._. .._.....,.,,,,,.....,,,... ..,,,,,,,.........,,. 54 Map-Soil Map of Dufferin County in Pocket Back of Report SOIL SURVEY MAPS AND REPORTS PUBLISHED BY COUNTIES Norfolk ,,._.....,.,_, ,,..,_..... ,... ..._.. .. .. .. .__.,_._._,,,,..._..,,...,,.. .. Map No. 1 E!gin ,,,,,.,... .,,........................................... ..I................................................... _............................. Map No. 2 Kent .,.,, .. .. .. ............... Map No. 3 Haldimand ,, ....,,,.........,,, .. ,.......,,,.................................,......, .. Map No. 4 Wclland ....,,, ._..,,...,,,, ,,._,,....,,,_........,.................,....... ..,..._.,....,,,,.,,..,..,.,,..,,,, ..,......,,,........,......... Map No. 5 Middlesex __,,,.._... .._....._._,,,,......,.,,.,,..,,......,..........,,,......,.,....,,,,, ,.....,,.................................,..,........ Map No. 6 Carleton ,.......,......,._.__.,.___,.... ,_._,,. .._.. .. ,.,..,.,,..,,,.......,,..,.....,..............................Report No. 7 Parts of Northwestern Ontario .. .. ..___........._............................................ Report No. 8 Durham ,..., __ ., _.__,.,._..._._..._ __.,..._....,........,,.....,,....., ,..,,,.__...,,... .. .._....................... Report No. 9 Prince Edward ,.,,_.,. .._...........,, ,,,._,,,. .,....,......,,..,_,..., ,,,,..,,.,,,...,._,,...., .. .._............... Report No. 10 Essex .. .._... .,.._.................,...,,,..........,,... .. .. Report No. 1 1 Grenville ,. _,,,_,_.._........__,..._ _...___........................................................................ .. Report No. 12 Huron .,,. ,..,.___..,,........,,... Report No. 13 Dundas .,,,,. .,,,,,,..,.,._.,..,,,.,.....,.. ,......,.,._,,,,...,..........,,,.,., .,..,..,... ...__..................................,,.,.. Report No. 14 Perth .._... .. ~ .. .._....................... .. .. Report No. 15 Bruce ..,,,.. .. .............. Report No. 16 Grey _..,,,,_,,,,..,,...._..,,,,_,,.......,,.....,..,....,,,,,.....,,.......,,....,.....,.,.,...........,......,........,................,,,,........ Report No. 17 Peel _,..,. ,,, ,..,......,,,,,,,.....,,,_.,,,,.,,,..,,,,.,.,.,,,,..,.,.............,.,,......,.,,.....,......... .. Report No. 18 York .,._...,,___,,,,_........ ...,,. .. .. .. .. Report No. 19 Stormont .. .._......,,,,,......... ,,.,.,.,,,,.,.,,.........,.,................,,. .. .._................ .. Report No. 20 New Liskeard - Englehart Area ,,..... ..._........._..,,,,,,,...,............ .. .._............ Report No. 2 1 Lambton . .,.. .._.........,.,.,,.,,,,.......,..........................,,,.......................... .. Report No. 22 Ontario ,,,._,,.,..,,,,,. .._,,,,,, ,...,,,,, ,,,..,.......,,......... ...,,... ...__.................................... .. Report NO. 23 Glengarry ., .,,..,, ,_._,,, ._.,,,.__..,.. .,....._. ,,_.,. ._,,,.___..,,..__.......... .. Report No. 24 Victoria ..__.,,,_..,,, .. ..___........................................................................................................... Report No. 25 Manitoulin .,____..._,,,....., .,....,...__,,.,____,,..,................ ,..... .. .. Report No. 26 Hastings ..,,.,.,,...,.,,...,,...,,,...,.,,,,,,.,.,,...,,....,,.................................,..................................................Report No. 27 Oxford ,, ,,.,.,_,.._..,,,. ..,,..,,......._.,,.,..,,,,,.,,..,,, .. .. Report No. 28 Srmcoe ._,, ,.,,,,,... ..__.,......, ,,,.........,,,,,, ,..,._,., ,..,........__........ .. .. .. .. ...Report No. 29 Soil Associations of Ontario ,,,,..,..,.,,......................,,,,,.............................. Report No. 30 Parry Sound .___.._.._......,,......,,.. ..__.....,.,_.......,,.......,,......,,............. .. Report No. 3 1 Prescott and Russell ,,,.,,,,,,..,,,......,,,..,,.,,.....,,,.........,......,,... .. .. Report No. 33 Lincoln ,,,_ ,.,,,,,,.....,,,,...., ,,,_.........,,.......,,.......,............. ._ .. .. .. .. .. Report No. 34 Wellington ,, . ,,.,.....,._,..,,, ,...................,................................................................................. Report No. 3 5 Lennox and Addington .. ,,...........,..................,,....................................... Report No. 36 4 1 / Figure I - Outline Map of Ontario Showing Location of Duflerin County 5 SOIL SURVEY REPORT OF DUFFERIN COUNTY, Ontario bY D. W. Hoffman, R. E. Wicklund, and B. C. Matthews INTRODUCTION The survey of the soils of Dufferin County was conducted in 1958 and the final checking and correlation was completed in 1961. The objective of the survey was to classify and describe the soils and to prepare a map showing the location and area of the different soil types. The results of the survey are presented in this report and on the accompanying soil map. There is considerable variation in the soils in the county. The relief varies from depressional to very hilly and, except for a few small areas near the top of the Niagara Escarpment, the soil deposits are deep. Almost all of the soils in the county can be cultivated although they usually require some improvement. Such improvements may consist of fertilizer applications, installation of drains, irriga- tion, practices to reduce erosion, or stone removal. Mixed farming and livestock raising are most common and the sale of agricul- tural products from cattle, chickens, swine and sheep provide a large part of the farm income. The county is not well known for the production of a wide range of cash crops. However, large acreagesof potatoes are grown in the vicinity of Honey- w*oodand Redickville and flax is an important crop in a few places. This report deals with the origin and natural characteristics of the soils as well as their capabilities and limitations for agricultural use. Each soil type is de- scribed in detail and its location is shown on the soil map. A section on soil management and a rating of the soils according to their suitability for various crops is included in the report. Sources of additional informa- tion with regard to crops and fertilizer practices are listed. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA Location Dufferin County is bounded on the west by Wellington and Grey Counties, on the south by Wellington and Peel, on the east by Simcoe and on the north by Simcoe and Grey Counties. The total land area is