DOCSLIB.ORG

University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St John S Road

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St John S Road INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)''. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first raw and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St John s Road. Tyler s Green High Wycombe. Bucks, England HP10 8HR I I 78-12,358 LeGRANDE, William Hunt, 1950- CYTOTAXONOMY AND CHROMOSOMAL EVOLUTION IN NORTH AMERICAN CATFISHES (SILURIFORMES, ICTALURIDAE) WITH EMPHASIS ON NOTURUS. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1978 Zoology University Microfilms International f Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 CYTOTAXONOMY AND CHROMOSOMAL EVOLUTION IN NORTH AMERICAN CATFISHES (SILURIFORMES, ICTALURIDAE) WITH EMPHASIS ON NOTURUS DISSERTATION Presented in P a rtial F u lfillm e n t of the Requirements fo r the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By William Hunt LeGrande, B .S ., M.S. The Ohio State University 1978 Reading Committee: Approved By Dr. Ted M. Cavender, Adviser Dr. Tim M. Berra Dr. Roy A. Tassava Advi ser Department of Zoology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to my adviser. Dr. Ted M. Cavender, for his constant encouragement and assistance from Inception to completion of this study. The members o f my reading committee, Drs. Tim Berra, Elton Paddock and Roy Tassava, read the rough draft of this thesis and greatly improved It with their valuable suggestions. I am Indebted to many of my friends and colleagues for assistance 1n collecting specimens for this study. I am particularly grateful to my fellow students at OSU, Larry McGeehan and Miles Cobum, for accompanying me on several extended field trips. Drs. L. M. Hardy, R. K. Spealrs and the Biology Club at Louisiana State Univer­ sity in Shreveport kindly allowed me to accompany them on a field trip to the Ouachita Biological Station and assisted me 1n the collection of Noturus eleutherus and ta y lo r i. Mr. Mike Corcoran o f Duke University kindly supplied specimens of Ictalurus serracanthus. Dr. R. R. MUler, University of Michigan, allowed me the use of his laboratory to prepare karyotypes of two Rhawdia spp. supplied by him. Drs, L. M. Hardy (Louisiana State University in Shreveport) and Mike Fltzslmons (LSU 1n Baton Rouge) both granted me free use of their laboratories during a portion of this study. Drs. Glen Clemmer, Neil Douglas, David E tn ier, Robert Jenkins and William PfHeger all provided Information on specific collecting lo c a litie s fo r Hoturus in th e ir respective areas. The fin a l 11 draft of this thesis was prepared during my appointment as Visiting Instructor in the Department of Biology at the University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point. The support and encouragement offered by colleagues at that institution are deeply appreciated. Support during a portion of this research was provided through a Dissertation Year Fellowship and Mary Osburn Memorial Fund Summer Fellowship from the Graduate School of The Ohio State University. I am grateful for the unlimited use of the collections and facilities of the Division of Fishes at the OSU Museum of Zoology. Lastly* I wish to thank my parents for their constant moral and financial support. Without their manifold sacrifices, this study may never have been completed. VITA October 11, 1950....... ......... Bom-Shreveport, Louisiana 1956-1968 ..................................... Stonewall High School, Stonewall Louisiana 1968-1970 ..................................... Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana 1970-197 1 ..................................... Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 1971 ................................................ B. S., Zoology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 1971-197 4 ...................................... Graduate Teaching Assistant,Depart­ ment o f Zoology and Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 197 3 ................................................ Summer Research Fellowship, Graduate School, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 197 4 ................................................ M. S., Zoology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 1974-1976 ...................................... Graduate Teaching Associate, Depart­ ment of Zoology, Ohio State Univer­ s ity , Columbus, Ohio 1976 ................................................ Mary Osburn Memorial Fund Sumner Fellowship, Graduate School, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1976-197 7 ...................................... Dissertation Year Fellowship, Graduate School, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1977-presen t ............................... V1 sitin g Instru cto r, Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wisconsin 1 v PUBLICATIONS LeGrande, W. H. 1975. Karyology o f six species o f Louisiana fla tfis h e s (Ostelchthyes, PIeuronectlformes). Copela 1975:516-522. LeGrande, W. H. and J. M. Fltzslmons. 1976. Karyology o f the mullets Hugil curem and M. cephalus (Perclformes:Muq1lidae) from Louisiana. r5peTa197^88-37l . --------------------------- FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Zoology Studies 1n Systematic Ichthyology: Dr. Ted M. Cavender Studies 1n Cytotaxonotny: Dr. Ted M. Cavender v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS........................................................................................ 11 VITA 1 v LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................... v111 LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................... u INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. 1 REVIEW OF THE FAMILY ICTALURIDAE....................................................... 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS............................................................................. 9 Hypoton1c*C1trate Technique........................................................ 10 Acetlc-Orceln Squash Technique ................................................. 13 Chromosome Observation and Analysis ........................................ 14 RESULTS........................................................................................................ 18 Genus Ictalu ru s. ............................................................................. 20 Genus Pyjodlctfs. .......................................................................... 22 Genus Noturus. ........................................................................... 23 MECHANISMS OF CHROMOSOME CHANGE......................................................... 59 Changes 1n Diploid Number ........................................................... 59 Changes Not Affecting Diploid Number ...................................... 63 ICTALURID RELATIONSHIPS: HISTORICAL REVIEW.................................... 66 ICTALURID CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENTS....................................................... 74 ANCESTRAL DIPLOID NUMBERS..................................................................... 94 EVOLUTION OF ICTALURID KARYOTYPES..................................................... 99 vl RELATIONSHIPS IN ICT ALU RIDS...................................................................... 106 Intergeneric Relationships .............................................................. 106 Relationships Within the Subgenera Noturus and SchUbeodes. .............................................................................. 108 Relatlo'n'shTps In Rablda. ............................................... .................. 116 Diploid Vs. Fundamental Numbers .................................................... 121 Noturus Relationships: Morphological E v id e n c e ....... 123-* Chromosomes Vs. Morphology .............................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download PDF (2126K)
    _??_1994 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 59: 295 -304 , 1994 Cytotypes and Meiotic Behavior in Mexican Populations of Three Species of Echeandia (Liliaceae) Guadalupe Palomino and Javier Martinez Laboratorio de Citogenetica, Jardin Botanico , Instituto de Biologia, Apartado Postal 70-614, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, D . F. 04510, Mexico Accepted June 2, 1994 Echeandia Ort. includes herbaceous perennials distributed from the Southwestern United States to South America. More than 60 species have been described from Mexico and Central America, many of which are narrow endemics (Cruden 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, Cruden and McVaugh 1989). Mexico is considered the center of origin and evolution for this genus (Cruden pers. comm.). They are commonly found in pine and pine/oak forest, grasslands; xerophyte shrublands, and disturbed areas, (Cruden 1981, 1986, 1987, Cruden and McVaugh 1989). Except polyploidy species based on n=8, as E. longipedicellata n=40, (Cruden 1981); E. altipratensis n=24, and 48; E. luteola n=32, and 64; E. venusta n=84, (Cruden 1986, 1994), chromosomes those exist, little information on interspecific or intraspecific variation in karyo types in Echeandia. In 1988, Palomino and Romo described the karyotypes of E. flavescens (Benth.) Cruden (as E. leptophylla) and E. nana (Baker) Cruden, both of which are characterized by 2 pairs of chromosomes with satellites. Cytotype variation has been observed commonly in the families Liliaceae, Iridaceae, Commelinaceae, and some Poaceae, Acanthaceae and Leguminosae. It is usually due to the presence of spontaneous aberrations in number or structure, heterozygous inversions, Roberts onian translocations, exchanges, deletions and duplications (Sen 1975, Araki 1975, Araki et al.
    [Show full text]
  • In Achiasmate Or Non-Chiasmate
    Heredity (1975),34(3), 373-380 ACHIASMATEMEIOSIS IN THE FRITILLARIA JAPONICA GROUP I. DIFFERENT MODES OF BIVALENT FORMATION IN THE TWO SEX MOTHER CELLS S. NODA Biological Institute, Osaka Gakuin University, Suita, Osaka 564, Japan Received22.vii.74 SUMMARY The Fritillaria japonica group consists of six related species with x =12and its derivative x =11.Irrespective of basic chromosome number, the pollen and embryo sac mother cells in all these species show clearly difrerent modes of bivalent formation. Although meiosis in EMC's of five species is typically chiasmate, PMC's of all six species show achiasmate meiosis with the following characteristics: (a) Synapsis of homologous chromosomes is prolonged up to metaphase I. Separation of non-sister chromatids is suppressed and there is thus no typical diplotene/diakinesis. (b) The homologous chromosomes apposed in parallel are usually devoid of chiasmata at metaphase I. Occasionally, concealed chiasmata are observed to be hidden in the synaptic plane. (c) Separation of homologues is initiated at the kinetochore regions at early metaphase I and progresses toward the distal ends. (d) Meiotic behaviour of the small telo- centric B chromosomes seems to be independent of, or incompletely controlled by, the achiasmate meiotic system. Achiasmate meiosis is assumed to have arisen from the chiasmate one through a transitional step like eryptochiasmate meiosis. 1. INTRODUCTION REGULAR segregation of the homologous chromosomes at meiosis is essential for production of genetically balanced gametes. The synapsis of homologues and its maintenance are prerequisites of regular assortment of the chromo- somes into daughter nuclei. In typical chiasmate meiosis, the synapsed homologues are maintained by lateral association irrespective of the presence of chiasmata until opening-out between non-sister chromatids occurs at late pachytene.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytotaxonomy with Special Reference to Chromosome Evolution in Primates and Grasshoppers
    Cytotaxonomy with special reference to chromosome evolution in primates and grasshoppers Cytotaxonomy presumably means the application of cytological data to taxonomy. The number, structure, and behaviour of chromosomes is of great value in taxonomy, with chromosome number being the most widely used and quoted character. Chromosome numbers are usually determined at mitosis and quoted as the diploid number (2n), unless dealing with a polyploid series in which case the base number or number of chromosomes in the genome of the original haploid is quoted. Another useful taxonomic character is the position of the centromere. Meiotic behaviour may show the heterozygosity of inversions. This may be constant for a taxon, offering further taxonomic evidence. Cytological data is regarded as having more significance than other taxonomic evidence. Chromosome No. : it is species specific and help in categorization of species Chromosome shape: 4 types of chromosomes Metacentric chromosomes – centromere central in position (p & q arms equal in size) Sub-metacentric chromosomes- one chromosome arm slightly shorter than other Acrocentric chromosomes- one arm very long and another very short Telocentric chromosomes- centromere termonal in position with apparently only one arm Chromosome behaviour with respect to chiasma frequency Chromosome bands: G banding-(staining with giemsa) dark bands AT rich & light bands GC rich R banding- -(staining with giemsa) dark bands GC rich & light bands AT rich Q banding- -(staining with quinacrine) dark bands AT rich & light bands GC rich C banding- -(staining with giemsa) dark bands contain constitutive heterochromatin Chromosome no., chromosome shape, chiasma frequency and banding patterns are species specific thus plays an important role in taxonomy.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytogenetics, Cytotaxonomy and Chromosomal Evolution of Chrysomelinae Revisited (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)*
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 157:Cytogenetics, 67–79 (2011) cytotaxonomy and chromosomal evolution of Chrysomelinae revisited... 67 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.157.1339 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Cytogenetics, cytotaxonomy and chromosomal evolution of Chrysomelinae revisited (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)* Eduard Petitpierre1 1 Dept. of Biology, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain Corresponding author: Eduard Petitpierre ([email protected]) Academic editor: Michael Schmitt | Received 1 April 2011 | Accepted 7 June 2011 | Published 21 December 2011 Citation: Petitpierre E (2011) Cytogenetics, cytotaxonomy and chromosomal evolution of Chrysomelinae revisited (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). In: Jolivet P, Santiago-Blay J, Schmitt M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 3. ZooKeys 157: 67–79. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.157.1339 Abstract Nearly 260 taxa and chromosomal races of subfamily Chrysomelinae have been chromosomally ana- lyzed showing a wide range of diploid numbers from 2n = 12 to 2n = 50, and four types of male sex- chromosome systems. with the parachute-like ones Xyp and XYp clearly prevailing (79.0%), but with the XO well represented too (19.75%). The modal haploid number for chrysomelines is n = 12 (34.2%) although it is not probably the presumed most plesiomorph for the whole subfamily, because in tribe Timarchini the modal number is n = 10 (53.6%) and in subtribe Chrysomelina n = 17 (65.7%). Some well sampled genera, such as Timarcha, Chrysolina and Cyrtonus, are variable in diploid numbers, whereas others, like Chrysomela, Paropsisterna, Oreina and Leptinotarsa, are conservative and these differences are discussed. The main shifts in the chromosomal evolution of Chrysomelinae seems to be centric fissions and pericentric inversions but other changes as centric fusions are also clearly demonstrated.
    [Show full text]
  • CYTOTAXONOMY in the GENUS CERASTIUM L. a Thesis Presented
    CYTOTAXONOMY IN THE GENUS CERASTIUM L. A thesis presented in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science in the University of London by NASIR AHMED BAIL M.Sc. Department of Botany, Imperial College of Science & Technology, London, S.W.7. January, 1965 ABSTRACT The genus Cerastium has always presented difficulties to taxonomists. The present work represents an attempt to use cytological, statistical and experimental methods to investigate one of the most confused parts of this genus. On Mount Maiella, Italy, were found a range of taxa which appeared to be an inter- grading series ranging from C.laricifolium taxa to C.album taxa. These were collected together with seeds and grown under similar conditions at the Imperial College Field Station. It was found that with the exception of general greater luxuriance, all the taxa showed no significant differences from their growth in their original habitat. All seeds showed high degree of fertility ( usually c. 90c%). These taxa have well defined ecological niches in nature and it can be concluded from these experiments that these taxa form a range of forms, genetically adapted to particular ecological conditions and not exhibiting any significant phenotypic variability. Measurements of 15 variables of some 600 specimens were. made. The computation of 'canonical variates' was carried out on sirius computer. This biometric treatment could estimate the objectivity of the subjectively determined taxa of the group A (containing 9 taxa) and group B (containing 15 taxa). For the group A the total variability was 82520.79. The first five components accounted for 97.7% of total variability.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytotaxonomy of Malvaceae III. Meiotic Studies of Hibiscus, Abelmoschus , Azanza, Thespesia, Malachra, Urena and Pavonia
    Cytologia 47: 109-116, 1982 Cytotaxonomy of Malvaceae III. Meiotic studies of Hibiscus, Abelmoschus , Azanza, Thespesia, Malachra, Urena and Pavonia Aparna Dasgupta and R. P. Bhatt1 Department of Pharmacy , S. V. Govt. Polytechnic., Bhopal, India Received January 22, 1980 Family Malvaceae includes many familier plants of cultivation notably cotton . Cytological work on economically important plants of this family has received greater attention, though work has also been done on a few wild species by some workers like Youngman (1927), Davie (1933), Skovsted (1935, 1941), Bates (1967), Bates and Blanchard (1970), Hazra and Sharma (1971), Kachecheba (1972), Bhatt and Dasgupta (1976). However, detailed meiotic study has not been done on many genera and species of the family which is necessary to know the type of ploidy and the basic numbers of chromosomes from which the evolution might have progressed . The present investigation includes 15 species belonging to the tribe Hibisceae and Ureneae of the family Malvaceae. The species of the tribe Ureneae are simple polyploids of seven (Skovsted 1935) which has also been noticed in the present work. However, different chromosome numbers have been reported in the tribe Hibisceae. This vast range of chromosome numbers in the tribe especially necessiated the study of chromosome numbers and the ploidy level. This investigation also aimed at understanding the basic chromosome numbers from which the evolution is supposed to have progressed and the evaluation of systematic position of different taxa as understood at present. Out of 15 species studied meiotic study has been done for the first time in Hibis cus vitifolius, H. hirtus, H.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis-1960D-M498c.Pdf (3.787Mb)
    CY'l'OT.AXONOMIC STUDY OF THE Dichanthium annulatum COMPLEX By KHARAITI LAL MEHRA,, Bachelor of Science Delhi University Delhi, India 1952 Master of Science Delhi University Delhi, India 1954 Submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May, 1960 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY SEP 1 1960 CYTOTAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE Dichanthium _!!nnulatum COMPLEX Thesis Approved: ;7nean of the Graduate School 4528'10 ii DEDICATION To the memory of the Late Dro Robert Paul Celarier whose researches have contributed so nru.ch to our knowledge of the difficult genera of the Andropogoneae iii ACKNOWLEJ:GEMF.NTS I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere ~rat= iiude to Professors J. R. Harlan and the late R. P. Celarier for ·their il;lteree-t in my scientific growth, encouragement, and constructive C!'itiei~m throughout the course of this study. I con~ider it a ~·eat wivil~ge to have 1,mrked under their guidance on the -world ns largest i c-pllection of the Dichanthium annulatum complex. I ~cknowledge my indebtedness to Drs. J. S. Brooks, L. H. Bruneau, a,.1d J. A. Whatley, Jr. for their assistance and guidance in this in- ~stiga;tion. I wish to express Iliy thanks to Dr. B. B. Hyde of Oklahoma un1ver- sity, N·orman, Oklahoma for his valuable suggestions and constructive criticism in preparing the final manuscript. I -would also like to take this opportunity to express my grat= itude to Professor and Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Centromere Repositioning in Mammals
    Heredity (2012) 108, 59–67 & 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0018-067X/12 www.nature.com/hdy REVIEW Centromere repositioning in mammals M Rocchi1, N Archidiacono1, W Schempp2, O Capozzi1 and R Stanyon3 The evolutionary history of chromosomes can be tracked by the comparative hybridization of large panels of bacterial artificial chromosome clones. This approach has disclosed an unprecedented phenomenon: ‘centromere repositioning’, that is, the movement of the centromere along the chromosome without marker order variation. The occurrence of evolutionary new centromeres (ENCs) is relatively frequent. In macaque, for instance, 9 out of 20 autosomal centromeres are evolutionarily new; in donkey at least 5 such neocentromeres originated after divergence from the zebra, in less than 1 million years. Recently, orangutan chromosome 9, considered to be heterozygous for a complex rearrangement, was discovered to be an ENC. In humans, in addition to neocentromeres that arise in acentric fragments and result in clinical phenotypes, 8 centromere- repositioning events have been reported. These ‘real-time’ repositioned centromere-seeding events provide clues to ENC birth and progression. In the present paper, we provide a review of the centromere repositioning. We add new data on the population genetics of the ENC of the orangutan, and describe for the first time an ENC on the X chromosome of squirrel monkeys. Next-generation sequencing technologies have started an unprecedented, flourishing period of rapid whole-genome sequencing. In this context, it is worth noting that these technologies, uncoupled from cytogenetics, would miss all the biological data on evolutionary centromere repositioning. Therefore, we can anticipate that classical and molecular cytogenetics will continue to have a crucial role in the identification of centromere movements.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybridization Range of Dichanthium Annulatum
    HYBRIDIZATION RANGE OF DICHANTHIUM ANNULATUM 1CFORSSK.) STAPF By ALAKHNANDAN PRASAD S.. lNGH BachelQr of Science Banaras Hindu University Uttra Pradesh, India 1954 Master of Science University of Maine Orono, Maine,U. S. A. 1959 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PH1L0$0PHY May, 1964 OKLAHOMA '"" STAT£ UNIVERSl'll LIBRARY JAN 8 l9S5 HYBRIDIZATION RANGE OF DICHANTHIUM ANNU:J&TUM (FORSSK.) STAPF Thesis Approved: Thesis Advisor 570365 ii ACKNCWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my sincere appreciation to Dr. J.M. J. deWet, major adviser, for his guidance, encouragement and constructive criticism throughout the course of this study; and also to Dr. Walter W, Hansen, for providing departmental facilities. Thanks are .also extended to the other members of the advisory committee: Drs. Jack R. Harlan, Glen W. Todd, John E. Thomas, Emil E. Sebesta and Joe V. Whiteman for their valuable assistance. Special indebtedness is expressed to Dr. Dale E. Weibel, Department of Agronomy, for providing the financial support and for his keen interest in the progress of this study. I am also indebted to the late Dr . Robert P. Celarier under whose guidance the present work was initiated. Appreciations are expressed to Dr. D.S. Borgaonkar, Mr. B. D. Scott and to Mrs. Patricia Ann Pendleton for their help in preparing or typing the manuscript. I also thank Mr. Robert M. Ahring for growing the material in the nursery and Mr. William L. Richardson for making some of the hybrids available for the study.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytotaxonomy of Malvaceae I. Chromosome Number and Karyotype Analysis of Hibiscus, Azanza and Urena
    Cytologia 41: 207-217, 1976 Cytotaxonomy of Malvaceae I. Chromosome number and Karyotype analysis of Hibiscus, Azanza and Urena R. P. Bhatt and Aparna Dasgupta Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Baroda, India Received August 30, 1974 The Malvaceae include 700 species distributed among 57 genera, chiefly confined to warm temperate regions of the world. Genera Hibiscus and Azanza, selected for the present investigation belong to the tribe Hibisceae while the genus Urena belongs to the tribe Ureneae. Genus Hibiscus is represented by 32 species in India, of which five species viz. H. vitifolius, H. sabdariffa, H. cannabinus, H. lobatus, H. panduraeformis occurring in this part of Gujarat, have been dealt with. Many workers have studied this genus for cytological or cytogenetical investigations. Still no definite conclusions are arrived at regarding the basic number, inter-relationships and evolutionary trends within the genus. An attempt is made in the present work to understand the course of evolution in the light of our findings. The position of Azanza lampas has always been problematic. This taxon was placed in the genus Thespesia and later transferred to Hibiscus, Of late, taxonomists have favoured a separate generic status for this plant (Raizada 1966). Kundu and Rakshit (1970) in their revision of the Indian species of Hibiscus, based on morpholo gical characters, suggest that this species may represent a link between the two genera Hibiscus and Thespesia. As no record of the cytological work is available, this was selected for karyomorphological study to understand its status more correctly. Urena sinuata has been earlier studied by Skovsted (1941); Hazra and Sharma (1971).
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Cytotaxonomy in Fungal Classification
    International Journal of Microbiological Research 6 (1): 61-62, 2015 ISSN 2079-2093 © IDOSI Publications, 2015 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ijmr.2015.6.1.9348 The Role of Cytotaxonomy in Fungal Classification 12B.T. Thomas, O.D. Popoola, 2O.O. Adebayo and 3J.B. Folorunso 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria 2Department of Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria 3Medical Laboratory Department, Health Services Directorate, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria Abstract: Diagnosis of fungal pathogens and its relatives at the level of chromosomes has been poorly studied in this part of the world. This review observed the potentials of cytotaxonomy in studying fungal chromosomes using different cytotaxonomic characters including cell division, somatic chromosome number and karyological details such as karyotype symmetry, total form percentage, total chromosome length, centromeric index and the coefficient of variation of the chromosome among other factors. In conclusion: cytotaxonomy could provide definite taxonomic evidence in fungal classification if its application is well optimized. Key words: Cytotaxonomy Fungi Classification INTRODUCTION chromosome, centromeric index and the coefficient of variation of the chromosome [5, 6]. So, the aim of this The last few decades of the twentieth century review was to elucidate on the role of cytotaxonomy as a allowed for an increase in the number of techniques for source of taxonomic evidence in fungal classification. the diagnosis of fungal organisms. This significant increase in the understanding of fungal classification Cell Division: It is the process by which a parent cell rationalized the study of fungi at the chromosomal level.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytotaxonomy of the Family Bromeliaceae Arun Kumar Sharma
    1971 237 Cytotaxonomy of the Family Bromeliaceae Arun Kumar Sharma and Ira Ghosh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Calcutta 19, India Received October 15, 1969 Introduction The family Bromeliaceae is represented in India both by wild and cultivated species. A large number of the species is valued from the horti cultural standpoint, for their flowers, leaves and in case of Ananas sativus (Pineapple) for the fruit. Taxonomists have classified Bromeliaceae into four tribes though the rela tionship between them is obscure. The phylogenetic position of the different genera is still debated (Pittendrigh 1948). In spite of the economic importance of the family as well as the taxonomic importance of several genera, very little work has been done on the cytology of different taxa. The work that has been done upto date (Billings 1904, Collins and Kerns 1931, 1935, Collins 1933, Lindschau 1933, Tschischow 1956, Diers 1961, Gadella and Kliphuis 1964, Favarger and Huynh 1965) has been confined to chromosome counts only and no information is available regarding its morphology. The lack of data in this family is principally due to the very small size of the chromo somes, which taken in conjunction with heavy cytoplasmic content provided extreme difficulty in fixation. It was therefore thought necessary to work out a method suitable for the study of chromosome morphology in Bromelia ceae. A detailed study of chromosome is essential to solve the problem of taxonomic dispute of this family and also to provide an understanding for a new project in improvement. In the text, fifteen different species belonging to seven genera under the family Bromeliaceae have been incorporated.
    [Show full text]