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_??_1994 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 59: 295 -304 , 1994 Cytotypes and Meiotic Behavior in Mexican Populations of Three Species of Echeandia (Liliaceae) Guadalupe Palomino and Javier Martinez Laboratorio de Citogenetica, Jardin Botanico , Instituto de Biologia, Apartado Postal 70-614, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, D . F. 04510, Mexico Accepted June 2, 1994 Echeandia Ort. includes herbaceous perennials distributed from the Southwestern United States to South America. More than 60 species have been described from Mexico and Central America, many of which are narrow endemics (Cruden 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, Cruden and McVaugh 1989). Mexico is considered the center of origin and evolution for this genus (Cruden pers. comm.). They are commonly found in pine and pine/oak forest, grasslands; xerophyte shrublands, and disturbed areas, (Cruden 1981, 1986, 1987, Cruden and McVaugh 1989). Except polyploidy species based on n=8, as E. longipedicellata n=40, (Cruden 1981); E. altipratensis n=24, and 48; E. luteola n=32, and 64; E. venusta n=84, (Cruden 1986, 1994), chromosomes those exist, little information on interspecific or intraspecific variation in karyo types in Echeandia. In 1988, Palomino and Romo described the karyotypes of E. flavescens (Benth.) Cruden (as E. leptophylla) and E. nana (Baker) Cruden, both of which are characterized by 2 pairs of chromosomes with satellites. Cytotype variation has been observed commonly in the families Liliaceae, Iridaceae, Commelinaceae, and some Poaceae, Acanthaceae and Leguminosae. It is usually due to the presence of spontaneous aberrations in number or structure, heterozygous inversions, Roberts onian translocations, exchanges, deletions and duplications (Sen 1975, Araki 1975, Araki et al.
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