The LINCOLN LINK LinkingThe together LINCOLN all elements of the lincoln motorLINK car heritage

The Continental Mark IV Page 4

2019 Lincoln Homecoming Page 13

Museum Momentum Page 18

spring–summer 2019 the lincoln link

spring- summer 2019 The LINCOLN LINK CONTENTS 3 Chairman’s Message: notes from David Schultz 4 Contest of Wills: The Lincoln Continental Mark IV by Jim and Cheryl Farrell 12 Lincoln Aviator on Display at Lincoln Museum 13 All Ford Products Invited to Sixth Annual Lincoln Homecoming 15 Featured LMCF Member: Bruce Kopf 16 LMCF Library Moves in New Direction: a report from Joel Dickson 17 The Lincoln Legacy Society 18 Museum Momentum: a report from Jim Blanchard

■ THE LINCOLN LINK is the official news- letter of The Lincoln Motor Car Heritage Lincoln Motor Car Foundation Museum and Research Foundation, Inc., Gilmore Car Museum, 6865 Hickory BOARD OF DIRECTORS Road, Hickory Corners, Michigan 49060. Opinions expressed herein do not neces- sarily represent or reflect Foundation David W. Schultz Chairman & CEO policy. Newsletter contributions should be James D. Blanchard, Jr. President & COO, sent to the address above. Museum Director ■ Earlier print issues of The LINCOLN LINK Earle O. Brown, Jr. Executive Vice President are available as back issues. Price is $5 ruce opf each, postpaid. B M. K Treasurer C. Joel Dickson Secretary ■ MEMBERSHIP IN THE ohn ack by LINCOLN MOTOR CAR FOUNDATION J t. “J ” E Chairman Emeritus Membership categories: $25 Annual; $100 Annual Sustaining; $1000 Annual James Blanchard, President, Lincoln-Zephyr Owners Club Corporate; $1000 Lifetime (or four pay- Mike Denney, Director, Road Race Lincoln Register ments of $250); Memorial ($500 mini- mum, please provide name of honoree). John Talbourdet, President, Lincoln and Continental Owners Club Send your name and a check to: David W. Schultz, President, Lincoln Owners Club Cornerstone Registration Ltd., P.O. Box 1715, Maple Grove, Minnesota 55311- 6715, or call 866 427 7583 and pay by Robert Anderson Al Giombetti H. Gene Nau credit card. Contact them by e-mail at Gerald A. Capizzi Darryl B. Hazel Dr. David W. Roycroft [email protected]. Chris Dunn Robert Johnson Jack Shea ■ On our cover: A 1972 Continental James D. Farley+ Vaughn A. Koshkarian John L. Sweet Mark IV, a 1940 Brunn-bodied Zephyr Town Joy Falotico* Lee R. Miskowski Jack Telnack Limousine, and a 1952 Capri represent the articles in this issue. Dennis R. Garrett James Muller Paul C. Temple

■ Lincoln Link Available to Foundation Members Only. + Executive Vice President and President, Europe, Middle East and Africa, Information on how to become a member Ford Motor Company appears above or visit the LMCF web site: www.lincolncarmuseum.org * Vice President, Ford Motor Company and President, The Lincoln Motor Company

2 fall-winter 2018

A Message from the Chairman s we approach the sixth is pleased and honored by this annual Lincoln Home­ support. The Lincoln Motor coming, I’m pleased to Company has also announced its The LINCOLN LINK report that 2019 will be support of the annual Lincoln another year of achieve­ Homecoming. mentA for the Lincoln Motor Car Our 15,000-square-foot museum EDITOR Foundation—albeit with one chal­ contains a variety of elegant David W. Schultz 1221 Providence NE, Chestnut Hills lenge. More on that shortly. Lincolns as well as significant Massillon, Ohio 44646-4105 The Lincoln Motor Car Heri­ Lincoln memorabilia—thanks to tage Museum & Research Center many generous donors. Memo­ GRAPHIC DESIGN is “world class.” Since opening in rabilia can take the form of litera­ Richard L. Cole August 2014, thousands of people ture, showroom materials, historic Graphics Ltd. have visited. What they see is an photographs or dealership display 200 E. Fesler St., Suite 206 Santa Maria, California, 93454 attractive, professionally-designed items. We are always interested in and outfitted museum that “tells donations and loans; please con­ photography the Lincoln story.” tact LMCF trustees Jim Blanchard Walter Herip, John Walcek, Bruce Kopf Our current focus is the or Joel Dickson. museum’s endowment program. Dates of the 2019 Lincoln The Lincoln Motor Car The board continues to work Home­coming are August 9-11. Heritage Museum and at raising $1.5 million that will Our host club is the Road Race Research Foundation, Inc. Gilmore Car Museum ensure the continued operation Lincoln Register. Our guest speak­ 6865 Hickory Road of the museum. To date, we have ers will be Andrew Layton, Hickory Corners, Michigan 49060 achieved just over $1 million—or author of a biography on Lincoln lincolncarmuseum.org 68% of our goal. To assist those Panamericana driver Ray Crawford, efforts, a Legacy Society was cre­ and Gale Haldeman, Ford Motor n The Lincoln Motor Car Heritage ated in 2018, by which individuals Company retired designer. There’s Museum is for you! America’s pas- sionate love affair with the Lincoln and businesses can make provision more Homecoming information automobile continues to inspire new in their estate plan or establish on the foundation web site: generations. This is demonstrated in a life-income gifts to benefit the www.LincolnCarMuseum.org. variety of ways, including the formation Foundation. An article on the Everyone I know is looking of affinity clubs in which enthusiasts can share their interest in a particular Lincoln Legacy Society appears in forward to celebrating the Lincoln brand or segment of the automotive this issue. Motor Company’s centennial market, past and present. The Lincoln A special donor pin was created in 2020. The seventh annual automobile has inspired the creation for those individuals who have Homecoming, held in August, of four major affinity clubs. These become members of the LMCF should be our most special Home- have inspired the Lincoln Motor Car Foundation, its Museum and its work Fabulous Fifty group—individuals coming yet. I expect a large of Sharing the Living Legacy of the who’ve donated $5,000 or more. attendance and dozens of Lincolns Lincoln Motor Cars. Pins were personally presented to from all eras, representing the those donors who attended the 100 years of the Lincoln Motor The Grand Opening of the Lincoln 2018 Lincoln Homecoming, and Company. Motor Car Heritage Museum took place August 9, 2014. We invite you to that will take place in 2019 as well. Thank you for all you do for explore what we have to offer and visit We recently received another our Foundation and Museum. the Museum located on the Gilmore very significant vehicle from the Car Museum Campus in Hickory Lincoln Design Studios—the new Corners, Michigan. The Museum is Lincoln Aviator, which arrived open Monday through Friday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m, Saturday and Sunday a few weeks ago. It joins the from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. The 6th Annual prototype of the new Lincoln Lincoln Homecoming, the annual Continental and the Lincoln —David W. Schultz gathering of the four Lincoln clubs at Continental clay styling model. All LMCF Chairman and CEO the museum, will take place at the have been very well-received by museum August 9-11, 2019. Join in the fun! Museum attendees. The LMCF 3 the lincoln link

Contest of Wills: Lincoln’s Mark IV

ly on that they had been assigned the Mark IV, which was not due to be designed for another year, as busy work. Slab-sided cars with front and rear ends pulled out to the maximum were de rigueur for Lincolns of the day. Dahlberg, however, designed his cars dif­ ferently, and some, if not all, the designers in his studio silently ad­ n Fritz Mayhew’s original sketch used for the design of the alternate Mark IV. mired his European-style designs by Jim and Cheryl Farrell Mark III’s final design was se­ with full sides and plan views that lected, reviews recommended the pulled inward. n spring 1968, at almost the original design without the Rolls- In prior interviews, Dahlberg same time the Mark III went Royce grille or spare tire hump. has indicated that six different on sale, Henry Ford II hired I But Iacocca ignored the reviews, proposals were considered for the Bunkie Knudsen away from GM followed his instincts, and sales Mark IV. He also acknowledges, to become president of Ford of the Mark III finally moved however, that he never saw more Motor Co. When Knudsen got Lincoln into the big leagues. than two Mark IV proposals. The to Ford, it didn’t matter to him Initial sales of the Mark III other designers in his studio only how successful Lee Iacocca, a gave Lincoln-Mercury Division recall two, and although there Ford vice-president for all cars good reason to believe it would may have been many more Mark and trucks, had been at picking soon outsell the Cadillac Eldora­ IV renderings, in fact there were winning car designs, or the past do, or if the Mark III wasn’t the only two designs built as full- relationships Iacocca had forged, car that knocked off the Eldo­ sized clay models. especially with Gene Bordinat rado, the next-generation Mark The designers who worked and his designers. Knudsen was almost certainly would be. As the with Dahlberg on his Mark IV now president of Ford, and he father of the Mark III, Iacocca proposal were Jim Arnold, Dean thought that as president he got felt he was entitled to take credit Beck, Dick Blair and Bob Hack­ to choose the designs he liked. for Lincoln’s newfound suc­ ett, a clay modeler who did dou­ Within weeks after he started, cess, and that he had earned the ble duty as a designer. The clay Knudsen was prowling Ford’s right to control development modelers assigned to Dahlberg’s Styling Center picking car de­ of the next model of the reborn studio were supervised by master signs he favored and encouraging Mark series when it came time modeler John Cecil. changes in ones he didn’t. Since to develop it. The plan was that Arnold designed one side of Knudsen got the job Iacocca the Mark IV would be designed Dahlberg’s Mark IV proposal and coveted, and approving designs in Don DeLaRossa’s Corporate Beck did the other. Although the had previously been Iacocca’s Advanced Studio. designs were similar, Arnold and forte, friction developed almost The Mark IV was one of Beck agree that Arnold’s side was immediately between them. It the first cars Wes Dahlberg was the one selected for production. didn’t take Iacocca long to make assigned to work on when he Arnold and Beck credit Dahl­ getting rid of Knudsen a priority. rotated back to Dearborn after berg with designing the rock­ The Mark III was Iacocca’s heading Ford’s design studio in ers on both ends of the car that car. He dictated its Rolls-Royce- Germany from 1958 to 1967, wrapped up and into the body. style grille and approved the but he and the designers assigned Blair and Arnold designed the spare tire hump. Even after the to work with him concluded ear­ rear end of their studio’s Mark 4 spring-summer 2019

IV, while Beck and Hackett did the front. Beck and Arnold worked well together. On the side of the car he was doing, Beck wanted the main horizontal character line to be soft and midway up the bodyside. Consistent with Dahlberg’s suggestions, Arnold and Beck agreed that the bodysides were to be somewhat full and not slabsided. Beck wanted the front fender peak line to drop purposely as it moved forward in contrast to the one on the Mark III, which he felt was so straight it seemed to shoot upward as it moved towards the front of the car. Beck’s idea for the beltline on the Mark IV looked great on the front part of the car, but he ran into trouble transitioning the beltline n The highly accented wheel arches on the Sherer/Perry alternate through to the C-pillar. Beck credits Arnold Mark IV proposal were later modified, and the exposed headlamps with curving the beltline up into the forward were deleted. Note the two different headlamp variations here. edge of the C-pillar and then through to the back of the car. Beck also felt that the hood and grille needed a well-defined centerline that would give it a classic “roof top” header. He also wanted a grille that was a little deeper. Although the de­ sign started out that way, Beck’s original grille and hood designs were toned down as the Mark IV moved towards production. When Dahlberg’s Mark IV was ready for its initial design reviews, it soon became apparent that Gene Bordinat, Ford’s vice president of de­ sign, and Don DeLaRossa, head of the studio, were ignoring it, as Dahlberg thought they did with all of his designs. In fairness, the design­ n Taillamps that wrapped up and over the top of the rear fend- ers in Dahlberg’s studio point out that the hard ers, as shown on one side of this early rendition of the Sherer/Perry feelings were a two-way street. Every time Bor­ alternate Mark IV proposal, almost made it into production on the dinat came into their studio, Dahlberg would Mark V. leave. Thus, during the design reviews, which were infrequent for any of Dahlberg’s cars, no one was there who could champion their pro­ posals—assuming anyone was interested. Jim Arnold, the senior designer in Dahl­ berg’s part of the studio, was frustrated, be­ cause the cars he was working on were getting nowhere. He asked Gale Halderman, head of the Lincoln-Mercury Studio, what he could do to change it. Halderman recommended that he take advantage of the situation and, when Dahlberg stepped out, he should step up and offer to show Bordinat, or whoever, the designs under way in the studio. Arnold never got the chance to do that with their Mark IV proposal, n It was common to incorporate different designs on each side of a because even after it was ready, Bordinat and clay model. On this proposal of the Sherer/Perry alternate Mark IV DeLaRossa never got around to scheduling a proposal, the taillamps were incorporated into the bumper as they review for it. In the meantime, the Dahlberg’s were on the production Mark IV. 5 the lincoln link

Mark IV proposal became the subject of an un­ expected review in a way Bordinat and DeLe­ Rossa never expected, with far-reaching but unintended consequences. Modeling supervisor John Cecil was usually the first one in the Corporate Projects Studio each morning. He felt he could get more done before anyone else came in. It was summer, and although the studios were locked as usual, the outside doors to the enclosed courtyard were opened. One morning, just after Cecil got to work, he was making coffee in a kitchenette off to one side of the studio, when someone came in from the courtyard and asked if anyone was there. Cecil yelled out that he was “in the back” making coffee. The voice asked if he could have a cup. Cecil said, “Sure—come on back.” He got some sugar for the unidentified guest, and then turned around and introduced himself. Knudsen hadn’t been at Ford all that long, but he shook Cecil’s hand and said he was Bunkie Knudsen. n Dahlberg’s original Mark IV proposal had taillamps incorporat- After Cecil got over the initial shock, they shared ed into the fenders much like the original Cadillac Eldorado. a cup of coffee, while Knudsen quizzed him on what studio he was in and what they were working on. After Cecil told him where he was and what they were doing in that studio, Knud­ sen asked Cecil to show him the cars they were working on. Cecil realized that definitely wasn’t a part of his job description, but when the new president the company you work for makes such a request, and you’re the only one there, Cecil figured his job description just got bigger! It was general practice in all the studios to cover the full-sized clay models when they were not being worked on or at the end of the day. As Cecil recalls it, everything in the studio was still covered from the night before. It wasn’t n Arches are incorporated above the wheelwells on this version of long, however, before Cecil was uncovering the Dahlberg’s Mark IV proposal. Knudsen quickly ordered them removed. individual clay models for Knudsen to look at, and answering his questions about the models as best he could. Pretty soon, they came to the Dahlberg Mark IV. The model wasn’t di-noced yet, but both sides were of the same design, and the car was pretty much detailed. After the cover over the Dahlberg Mark IV was removed, Knud­ sen walked around it, and the more he saw of it, the more it became obvious that he loved it! By this time, Arnold had arrived. He got there just in time to see Bordinat come running into the studio. When Bordinat had arrived at n As a cost-saving measure, an attempt was made to design the the Styling Center that morning, he was told Mark IV using a modified Torino/Montego platform. This proposal by a secretary that Knudsen was already in the had a slower windshield and involved too many compromises. building. Bordinat immediately took off run­ 6 spring-summer 2019

ning. When he found the studio Knudsen was in, Cecil and Arnold both say Bordinat was out of breath. Everyone exchanged greetings, but before Bordinat could catch his breath or get a word in edgewise, Knudsen began telling him how much he liked the Mark IV proposal he had been looking at. Bordinat, obviously taken aback, started out by telling Knudsen that Dahlberg’s design “wasn’t much,” and he thought Knudsen should look at another far better Mark IV proposal in the same studio, but Knudsen cut him off and again began sing­ ing the praises of Dahlberg’s Mark IV proposal. Right about that time, Cecil thought the pru­ dent thing for him to do was go back to work, so he didn’t hear the rest of the conversation. n Although there is a dispute about the origin of the design of the By the time he went back to work, Cecil says small oval windows on the C-pillar, they were not added to the Mark IV until late in the design process. it was apparent to him that Knudsen wanted Dahlberg’s proposal as the Mark IV, no matter how much Bordinat was trying to run it down or change his mind. By the time Knudsen and Bordinat left the studio, Knudsen had decided that Dahlberg’s proposal, as is, was going to be the next Mark IV, and Bordinat was follow­ ing him out the door trying to convince him he was making a big mistake and that the other proposal was far better. When Dahlberg, Beck and the others got to work that morning, Cecil told them, with a chuckle, that their car had been selected as the Mark IV, and it had been approved for production as is. It took a while for what happened to sink in, but the story was soon all over the building. As Arnold and Beck remember it, after Knud­ n Designer Dean Beck originally wanted a well-defined centerline sen left, Bordinat was visibly upset, and went on the top of the grille shell of the Mark IV, as shown in this photo. around for the rest of the morning mumbling that Dahlberg’s car was so bad it was the “panacea of all panaceas.” Arnold stayed out of Bordinat’s way, and never did figure out what he meant, but he assumed it wasn’t a compliment. Later that day, Bordinat recovered his composure, returned to Dahlberg’s studio and instructed the modelers to start making changes to the wheelwell lips on the Dahlberg Mark IV proposal. The next morning, Knudsen was back again. After he saw what had been done to Dahlberg’s Mark IV, he sought out Cecil and asked him who authorized the changes. When Knudsen found out Bordinat had ordered them, he went looking for Bordinat. When he found him, he told him he had “better not screw it up!” n Designer Howard Payne’s original sketch of the Mark IV instru- Knudsen also bluntly reminded Bordinat that ment panel. The Mark IV instrument panel was patterned after he was president of the company, that he had that of the 1972 Thunderbird,which Payne had previously designed. 7 the lincoln link

already said there were to be no changes to Dahlberg’s Mark IV, and that he had already approved it “as is” for production. A little while later, Bordinat returned to the studio and re­ luctantly told Arnold to change the car back to the way it had been. Over the next several days, however, Bordinat couldn’t resist ordering several additional but subtle changes to Dahlberg’s Mark IV proposal. When he tried to sell those changes to Knud­ sen as “improvements,” he was told even more forcefully by Knudsen that the car as originally designed was going to be the Mark IV, and if Bordinat didn’t like it, he could start his own clay model, but to leave Dahlberg’s Mark IV alone! n The final rendition of the Sherer/Perry alternate Mark IV pro- At that point, Bordinat took Knudsen at posal had wheel arches that flowed in a continuous line along the his word and went to DeLaRossa. They asked entire bodyside of the car. two other designers in the Corporate Projects Studio, Steve Sherer and Ron Perry, to finish up their clay model of an alternate full-sized Mark IV proposal that was being clay mod­ eled at the other end of the same long, narrow studio—and they had to do it quickly. This was the same car Bordinat had tried unsuccessfully to get Knudsen to consider when he picked Dahlberg’s car as the production Mark IV. Sherer and Perry based their Mark IV design on a concept car Sherer had designed and built earlier, and on a recent rendering prepared by de­ signer Fritz Mayhew. It’s obvious from Mayhew’s rendering that it had a huge influence on Sherer n The highly accented wheel arches were later incorporated on an and Perry’s Mark IV proposal. The focal point early proposal for the Lincoln Town Car. They were removed when of the Sherer/Perry Mark IV were the highly an aftermarket contractor pointed out that they would make it accented arches flowing over the front to back more difficult to stretch the car when making it into a limousine. wheels which created classic fender-like bulges. From all the attention being paid to the Sherer/Perry Mark IV proposal, it was soon ap­ parent to Dahlberg, Arnold and Beck that the Sherer/Perry design was favored by Bordinat and DeLaRossa over theirs, even though Knud­ sen had already approved theirs for production. It was also obvious to all the designers that they were caught up in a contest of wills that none of them felt very comfortable being in the mid­ dle of. In fairness, Knudsen didn’t dislike the Sherer/Perry Mark IV proposal, but the more Bordinat tried to persuade him to change his mind, the more Knudsen dug his heels in. After Knudsen approved the Dahlberg Mark IV for production, but still early on in the car’s n The alternate Mark IV proposal is parked next to a production development, another full-sized clay model Mark III. Note that the greenhouses of the two cars are almost of the Dahlberg Mark IV was developed at identical. the request of the Engineering department to 8 spring-summer 2019

test whether the Mark IV could be built on a modified 1969 Torino/Montego platform. The proposal was put forward as a cost-saving meas­ ure, but it required too many compromises, including a slower windshield angle, and it was quickly discontinued. Gale Halderman was asked to do the feasi­ bility study on Dahlberg’s Mark IV to make sure that what had been designed could be produced. As it turned out, Dahlberg’s Mark IV went into production with only two design changes. The beltline had to be lowered 5/8- inch so the windows would retract into the doors, and the grille was smoothed out on top, elongated and recessed into the bumper area. Engineering also questioned whether sufficient n The highly accented wheel arches make it look like the alternate air could enter through the grille because of Mark IV proposal is climbing uphill even when it is standing still. the “bent” vertical grille bars Beck designed. Testing confirmed the grille as designed didn’t affect cooling. All other proposed changes were vetoed by Knudsen and, once the car was ready, it was sent to the Lincoln studio for ornamen­ tation and final trim. Bill Boyer had just been transferred to the Lincoln studio after many years in the Thun­ derbird studio. He was in charge of trim and ornamentation for the Mark IV. Boyer claims to have put the oval opera windows on the Mark IV in lieu of carriage lights. Boyer recalled that his oval opera window idea was taken from a proposal initially rejected for the 1966 Thun­ derbird. Federal regulators were starting to play an increasing role in automobile design, and n This photo shows the alternate Mark IV proposal as it would have one of their concerns was visibility, so the opera appeared had it been produced. But for Bunkie Knudsen, this car windows not only looked better; Ford was able would have become the Mark IV. to say they were safer. Boyer and the designers working with him also recommended a T-top or a stainless steel half-roof, but neither made it into the production Mark IV. There is a conflict about where the oval window proposal came from. Halderman claims the idea originated with him in response to Iacocca’s request for increased visibility in the Mark IV. In February 1969, Dahlberg and Arnold were transferred to the Lincoln-Mercury interior stu­ dio, where they were also charged with designing the interior for the Mark IV. Because the Mark IV had to share its interior with the Thunder­ bird, the seat pattern and the instrument panel designed in the Thunderbird studio by designer Howard Payne were adapted for the Mark IV. n The original Mark IV proposal designed by Dahlberg’s group According to DeLaRossa, Bordinat had a included rectangular headlamps, as shown in this photo. sixth sense that Knudsen’s days at Ford were 9 the lincoln link

numbered, so he insisted that work continue on the alternate Mark IV. Iacocca was also ac­ tively looking for ways to encourage Knudsen’s departure from Ford. Not long after Knudsen selected the Dahlberg Mark IV for production, and as soon as the Sherer/Perry model was far enough along to make comparisons, Iacocca threw his support behind the Sherer/Perry alternate Mark IV proposal, but it made no dent in Knudsen’s support for Dahlberg’s Mark IV. Although it signaled open warfare, Bordinat and Iacocca ordered development work on the Sherer/Perry Mark IV proposal to continue with the idea that if Knudsen’s eventual depar­ ture left sufficient time, they could then substi­ tute their Mark IV for the Dahlberg Mark IV. n Lincoln designers were not happy with the impact front bumpers they were required to design for the Mark IV beginning in 1974. That opportunity did not come in time, but as a result of the guerrilla warfare orchestrated by Iacocca, Henry Ford II fired Knudsen in the fall of 1969. The only explanation Mr. Ford gave was that “it just didn’t work out.” The Mark IV was not the only disagreement between Knud­ sen and Iacocca, but it was certainly one of the bigger ones. When the Dahlberg Mark IV went into pro­ duction, that wasn’t the end of the Sherer/Per­ ry proposal. Their car became the starting point for the Mark V, which was designed by a select crew of designers handpicked by Bordinat and placed directly under the supervision of DeLa­ Rossa. Bordinat was bound and determined to make sure the next Mark didn’t get away from him as had the last one! n Impact bumpers were required on the rear of the Mark IV When the 1980 Town Car was designed beginning in 1973. Designers thought they ruined the looks of the cars they designed. several years later, Gale Halderman, head of the Lincoln design studio, tried to incorporate the highly accented wheel arches from the sides of the Sherer/Perry Mark IV on that car. Be­ cause aftermarket manufacturers of limousines protested that those lines on the new Town Car would make it very difficult to stretch, they were deleted. The production run of the Mark IV also saw the implementation of the 5 mph federal bumper standards. That meant that what the designers referred to as “those big logs” had to be attached to the front and rear of the Mark IV during 1973-74. Needless to say, designers n Dick Nesbitt’s sketch of a smaller Mark IV the designers in his thought the bumpers severely compromised the studio were asked to design. Little did they know that a downsized Mark V was initially planned. After it was designed on a 114” looks of the Mark IV. The only saving grace was platform, the same platform as the ’77 Thunderbird, it was deter- they affected all car manufacturers the same. mined that only the smaller Thunderbird could be produced. Thus At least three other relatively small design the Mark V would be the same size as the Mark IV. changes were made to the Mark IV during the 10 spring-summer 2019 n The production 1972 Lincoln Continental Mark IV (Ford Media photo).

5 years it was in production, and many more were contemplated. The 5-mph bumpers required refinement of the radiator opening and reworking of the grille. Chang­ es were also made to the sheetmetal around the radiator, because Engi­ neering feared overheating due to the massive bumpers. Those design changes, made in 1972, weren’t Barbaz prepared as many as seven on it. He purchased the mold­ really visible. They were designed or eight grille variations, and the ing the evening before at Duke’s in the Advanced Lincoln studio by same number of opera window/ Hardware in Dearborn, and John Van Tilberg, Jim Sherburne, sail panel variations for Iacocca’s that’s where the pattern in the Bill Moraniec, George Barbaz, review. In the long run, Iacocca body side molding came from Rolph Kneefel, Dick Nesbitt and could claim some of the changes that became an option beginning Ron Swick. made to the Mark IV as his in 1975. The designers in the Instead of making changes own, but the Mark IV’s success studio got a big chuckle because on a full-sized clay model, the prevented substantial changes the Dukes’ Hardware molding Design Center went to a lo­ during its entire production run. was referred to as “premium cal dealer, Mulligan Lincoln, According to Nesbitt, several body side molding” in the Mark and bought a new light blue different grilles were considered IV catalogue. ’72 Mark IV with medium blue for ’73 and later Mark IVs. Some The Mark IV in the Lincoln interior—at a cost that included had offset grille bars, bigger bars Advanced studio could not a premium, because Mark IVs every fifth bar, and probably be resold after the studio was couldn’t be built fast enough to others. Finally they settled on done with it because of liability satisfy consumer demand. That the same grille, only it was cut problems. So when the Mark V car was driven into the Advanced off at the bumper starting in ’73. came out, everyone who wanted Lincoln studio, where it stayed According to Nesbitt, many of something off the Mark IV for about five years. the alternate grille proposals were (seats, radio, etc.) took it. The According to designers, Iaco­ stacked in the corner of the studio stripped-but-still-new Mark IV, cca’s dislike for Knudsen extend­ until they went into the dumpster. with literally no miles on it, was ed to the Mark IV Knudsen had In 1973, designers in the Lin­ then hauled out to the Design championed. Even after Knudsen coln Advanced studio redesigned Center’s locked yard. Eventually left, the Lincoln Advanced studio the roof structure of the Mark IV it was hauled off to the crusher. was subject to constant and by raising it a half-inch to accom­ It’s ironic that the Mark IV unannounced visits from Iacocca. modate the moonroof option proposal from Dahlberg’s studio, He knew he couldn’t change offered beginning in ’74. The a car that Iacocca and Bordi­ the Mark IV’s sheetmetal, but increased height permitted the nat tried hard to kill or change, he wanted his stamp on future moonroof to slide back into the surpassed the Cadillac Eldorado Mark IVs—he was obsessed with roof area without compromising in sales, vindicated Knudsen’s rebranding Knudsen’s Mark IV headroom. To better disguise the judgment, and made the Lincoln as his own. Iacocca tried to revise added height, a halo type half Continental Mark IV one of the the grille, the opera window/ vinyl top was offered in 1976 as most popular personal luxury car sail panel area, the body side an option. Nesbitt says the halo of the 1970s. moldings, bumpers and taillights vinyl top disguised the increased on the Mark IV. Van Tilberg thickness of the Mark IV’s roof n This article is an excerpt from assigned Barbaz exclusively to better than the full vinyl roof. a new book being written by Jim come up with different proposals The side trim on the Mark and Cheryl Farrell about Lincoln for Iacocca to consider using the IV was the last change to the design through the year 2000. Mark IV in the studio as a base Mark IV made by designers. Van The Farrells’ earlier book, Ford line. It kept Barbaz constantly Tilberg came to work one morn­ Design Department: Concept busy, and left him little time ing carrying a piece of flexible & Show Cars 1932-1961, was to do anything else. At times, molding with a brocade pattern published in 1999. 11 the lincoln link

New Lincoln Aviator on Display at Lincoln Museum The iridescent Flight Blue exterior color complements Aviator’s elegant, flowing lines, while the signature Lincoln grille is executed in high-gloss black and chrome accents. A wrap­ around windshield helps com­ plete the aviation-inspired theme. “The Lincoln Navigator con­ tinues to turn heads and bring new clients to the brand,” says Joy Falotico, President, The Lincoln Motor Company. “We believe Aviator’s elegant design, state-of-the-art technology and refined plug-in hybrid option will draw even more clients to the Lincoln showroom, includ­ ing families who are looking for three-row capability.” The Aviator has been placed by Jim Blanchard wheel-drive platform—is what next to the museum’s Lincoln Woodhouse describes as an in- Liberty V-12 motor to celebrate he Lincoln Design Center flight gesture. the more than 100 years of has graciously loaned us the “If you look at a bird or plane aviation-inspired products from Lincoln Aviator concept, in flight, the wing is always at Lincoln Motor Company. The T an angle to the air and falling the vehicle that was created 1924 Lincoln camper vehicle to further the development of downward toward the rear,” he used by Henry Ford and Thomas Lincoln’s newest exciting offer­ says. “You see that in the main Edison for their “Vagabond” ing in the SUV market. This body line of Aviator. From the camping trips is on display as well, joins the Continental concept, headlight to the taillight, there’s on loan from The Henry Ford. another iconic contribution from a beautiful undercut feature vary­ Be sure to visit these exciting the Design Center, on the muse­ ing in depth that connotes poise exhibits this summer! um display floor. and grace.” The synchronicity of Aviator’s name and form language is intentional: aeronautics has long inspired automotive design. “In Aviator, the lines of the vehicle are streamlined,” says Lincoln Design Director David Woodhouse. “You have the stat­ ure and presence of the grille at the front, then the body and tail taper off—creating a distinct aerofoil analogy.” The emphasis of graceful lines pulling downward toward the rear—a cue to Aviator’s rear-

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n Road Race-era Lincolns like this 1952 Capri will alcek take center stage at this year’s Lincoln Homecoming. J ohn W Lincoln Motor Car Foundation Invites All Ford-Built Automobiles to Sixth Annual Lincoln Homecoming he Sixth Annual Lincoln Participants may participate in all er to move out at whatever pace Homecoming will offer a or any of the scheduled events. you choose,” said Bob Johnson, T unique twist in 2019—not The events scheduled for the LMCF trustee and meet coordina­ only will Lincolns of all eras be weekend include driving tours tor. “At the U.S. 131 Motorsports on display, but all Ford Motor to the Gerald Ford Presidential Park you can do it in a supervised Company-built vehicles are invited Museum, the W. K. Kellogg Gull and lawful environment. You will to join the festivities, which will Lake mansion, Vicksburg Historical be able to do as many timing runs be held at the Lincoln Motor Car Village and Bell’s Brewery. as the day will allow during our Heritage Museum in Hickory Friday evening’s guest dinner six-hour time block.” Corners, Michigan, and the host speaker is Andrew Layton, author Festivities will begin on hotel, Four Points Sheraton in of a biography on Ray Crawford, a Wednesday, August 7, and con­ Kalamazoo. championship driver on Lincoln’s clude on Monday evening, August “We’re calling the 2019 Panamericana Mexican Road Race 12, but, as noted, you may regis­ Homecoming ‘See Ford Blue in team. On Saturday there will be ter for all or individual events. Kalamazoo,’” said Mike Denney, an all-Ford Motor Company-built This meet will be non-judged president of the Road Race car show. That evening, a banquet for all cars; there will be People’s Lincoln Register, the Lincoln club will feature guest speaker Gale Choice awards for Best of Show, hosting the 2019 Homecoming. Halderman, designer of several and Best of each Decade, as voted The RRLR is one of four major Ford and Lincoln vehicles, includ­ by participants. There will also Lincoln clubs that comprise the ing the original Mustang. On be a Ladies’ Choice Best of Show Lincoln Motor Car Foundation. Sunday, there’ll be a car display Award. The meet is open to mem­ The others are the Lincoln and awards presentation. bers of all Lincoln clubs as well as Owners Club, Lincoln-Zephyr Something new has been non-club Lincoln owners. In addi­ Owners Club and the Lincoln added for Monday—an all-day tion, owners of any Ford Motor and Continental Owners Club. visit to the U.S. 131 Motorsports Company-built product are invit­ However, all Lincoln owners are Park in Martin, Michigan, where ed to show their vehicle on both invited to register and attend. individuals can run their cars or Saturday and Sunday—Lincoln, The 2019 Lincoln Home­ simply watch. Ford, Edsel, Mercury, hot rod or coming committee has planned “You can just drive your car on custom car. interesting and enjoyable activi­ the track or punch it for speed and The host hotel is the Four ties that encompass several days. time. Our cars have the horsepow­ Points Kalamazoo by Sheraton, 13 the lincoln link

3600 East Cork Street, ing lunch). The second driving we will have a car parade around Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001. tour will be to the Kellogg Bird the Gilmore grounds featuring all The Four Points offers excellent Sanctuary, Kellogg Manor House Ford products. Pictures will be accommodations, excellent food (which includes a plated lunch) taken after completing presenta­ and fine amenities. The hotel is and the Bell’s Brewery. At 5 p.m. tion of awards. Sunday evening just over 15 miles from Hickory an LMCF Donor Reception will will feature a Mexican buffet at Corners. A complimentary hot be held at the Lincoln museum the Four Points hotel. breakfast for two is included in for all LMCF Lifetime members. Monday at 9 a.m. we drive to the room rate of $117 plus tax. A Friday evening will begin with the U.S. 131 Motorsports Park limited number of rooms is avail­ a Happy Hour at the Gilmore Car for timing and drag racing. That able at this rate, so register early. Museum Conference Center, with evening will be our Farewell To make room reservations, call a Texas-style BBQ to be followed American Cook Out Buffet at the 269-385-3922 and use the code by a lively Lincoln and Ford parts Four Points hotel. “Lincoln Club” to obtain this spe­ and memorabilia auction. Andrew On Tuesday we bid farewell to cial room rate (which is good for Layton, author of a biography on our old and newfound friends and three days prior to and after the Ray Crawford, a championship have a safe trip home. meet). Room reservation cut-off is driver on Lincoln’s Panamericana “While you are at the 90-acre July 21, 2019. Mexican Road Race team, will be historic Gilmore campus on On Saturday and Sunday there the after dinner speaker. Saturday and Sunday, explore the will be a Lincoln and Ford prod­ “We need merchandise for nooks and crannies of this great ucts swap meet and car corral the auction; please check your institution. See—and have your area on the Gilmore Car Museum garage for unused parts and lit­ car photographed by—a 1930s grounds with major vendors in erature that fellow enthusiasts Shell gas station. Enjoy stroll­ attendance. More information will will be interested in bidding on. ing the campus that is filled with be included in registration packets. Please bring plenty of cash or your classic automobiles,” said Mike Wednesday evening, attendees checkbook and take home some Denney. “Other car museums are may drive to the Gilmore Car great items for your Ford prod­ the Classic Car Club of America Museum to enjoy their free week­ uct. This auction helps maintain Museum, H.H. Franklin Museum, ly cruise-in night. A second choice and support our beautiful Lincoln Pierce-Arrow Museum, Cadillac- is free hors d’oeuvres and refresh­ museum,” said Mike Denney. LaSalle Museum and Ford Model ments at Four Points Sheraton On Saturday morning it’s show A Museum. Eat lunch in the Hotel (for hotel guests only). time, with Road Race Lincoln-era authentic Blue Moon Diner. Attendees will be able to relax and cars front and center. All cars must Gilmore is America’s Signature have the opportunity to visit with be on the show field by 10 a.m. Collection for Classic Motor Cars. some of your longtime friends and and remain until 3 p.m., when This is the ultimate experience for meet new enthusiasts. there will be a car parade around everyone in your family.” Thursday will offer a full day the Gilmore grounds featuring For more information, of activities, with two driving all Ford Motor Company-built visit the Lincoln Motor Car tours from which to choose. automobiles. Saturday night will Heritage Museum website: One will be a tour to Vicksburg begin with a happy hour and ban­ LincolnCarMuseum.org. If Historical village. The other will quet at the Gilmore Car Museum you’re considering attend­ be to the Kellogg Bird Sanctuary Conference Center, where attend­ ing the Homecoming, contact and Kellogg Manor House ees will enjoy the company of fel­ Bob Johnson at 651-257-1715 (which includes a plated lunch) low vintage car enthusiasts. The or e-mail arborbob41@aol. and the Bell’s Brewery in nearby speaker will be retired Ford and com; or Mike Denney at 918- Galesburg. Thursday evening will Lincoln designer Gale Halderman. 366-2034, e-mail cosmo1946@ feature a special welcome buffet at On Sunday morning our Ford hotmail.com. By doing so you’ll the hotel. Motor Company Products Car be placed on our list to contact Friday will also offer a choice Show will be held from 10 a.m. you via e-mail or USPS mail of two different driving tours. to 1 p.m. All vehicles must be with your meet packet as soon The first will be a driving tour on the show field by 10 a.m. All as it becomes available. You may to the Gerald Ford Presidential People’s Choice Awards will be download PDF forms at www. Museum in Grand Rapids (includ­ handed out at 12 noon. At 1 p.m. LincolnCarMuseum.org. 14 spring-summer 2019

Featured LMCF Member: Bruce Kopf he Lincoln Motor Car Vehicle—the precursor of the Foundation has attracted highly successful modern MiniVan. T several retired Ford Motor He also worked as assistant direc­ Company executives to its ranks. tor for product development Among them is Bruce Kopf, who for AutoLatina, a joint venture has served as the foundation trea­ between Ford and Volkswagen in surer and accountant since 2015, Argentina and Brazil. succeeding Jack Shea. Before joining Ford, Bruce “Bruce is, without question, spent several years with Firestone one of our hardest-working Tire and Rubber as a tire devel­ foundation members,” said opment engineer, interrupted LMCF Chairman David Schultz. by military service, which was “In addition to those duties, he served in Germany. At Firestone, served on the museum building he helped develop NASCAR and committee and is a member of Formula 1 racing tires. our fund-raising and investment When he’s not involved with committees.” his foundation responsibilities, he Kopf became involved with can most often be found work­ the LMCF in 2008 when he ing on his family’s genealogy—an bumped into another retired interest he developed when he Ford executive (and LMCF was 12 years old. trustee), Vaughn Koshkarian, at “My grandmother started tell­ a Dearborn barber shop. Vaughn ing me about family relatives, told Bruce about the foundation n Bruce Kopf enjoys other vehicles and I created a family tree. I and the planned Lincoln muse­ besides Lincolns. have been interested ever since,” um, and he was hooked. Bruce sonally-owned Mark VIII, which he remembers. “My father was notes that he has loved cars as is displayed in the museum. German-Irish and my mother long as he can remember. In fact, During his career, he held sev­ was French-Canadian.” his mother said his first words eral positions related to Battery Amazingly, Bruce has traced his were not “mommy” or “daddy” Electric, Hybrid Electric and family’s history back to the 1500s. but, rather, “car car,” when see­ other alternative fuel production There are now more than 35,000 ing his father pulling into their and research programs, in many relatives in his family data base. driveway. cases working with industry and Bruce and his wife, Susan, Bruce retired from Ford in government groups. He was a have two children. The children 2002 after completing a 32-year senior member of the company’s live in Washington state and career with the company, having electric vehicle development team Washington, D.C. That helped held several senior positions in and led the teams that devel­ spawn another interest—camp­ Product Planning and Program oped the 1998 Ranger Battery ing. Bruce and Susan have a fifth Management. These included Electric (EV) program. He shares wheel RV pulled by a Ford F150 the 1979 Ford Crown Victoria/ a U.S. Patent for “Hybrid Power and have traveled throughout the Mercury Grand Marquis (which System for an Electric Vehicle.” United States and eastern Canada. became the company’s longest- Bruce donated his electric Ford “Thanks to Bruce, we can all running platform), the 1989 Ranger pickup truck to the sleep well at night,” said Schultz. Thunderbird/Cougar (Motor Gilmore Car Museum. “He not only takes care of the Trend’s Car of the Year), and sev­ He was a member of Hal foundation’s funds but looks for eral other programs, including the Sperlich’s team at Ford that new ways to both save and raise Lincoln Continental Mark VIII, invented the front wheel drive, money. He’s a special guy. I value which he led. Since joining the low/flat load floor, high cube, his counsel.” LMCF, Bruce donated his per­ garageable, MiniMax Concept 15 the lincoln link

LMCF Library Is Moving in a New Direction

by Joel Dickson especially big help) plus a gener­ have reached out with gifts of ous amount of Lincoln literature library items and artifacts for the he Library and Research brochures from 1977 thru 2006. Foundation. These donations Center is moving into the • Harvey Berquist gave the serve to help Lincoln enthusiasts T digital world. Currently, the Library a Motor Sports World increase their knowledge and Library Committee is orches­ magazine from January 2, 1953, understanding of the Lincoln trating a digital pilot program that has a great article titled brand through all generations. investigating how best key library “How Lincoln Won the Mexico This is an exciting time for items can be digitized to make Race!” the Foundation’s library and its them more readily accessible • Jim Muller was able to add future as the Library Committee to all Lincoln enthusiasts and 2018-2019 Lincoln brochures, looks to bettering ways to meet researchers worldwide. It is quite product portfolios and Frontline the challenge of being a Lincoln a task and definitely a learning magazines with interesting library and research center. curve. However, it brings an Lincoln articles as well as a 2014 It would be great if you could excitement knowing that we have color and trim book. He is really give us a helping hand. Please the potential to broaden our helping us stay current with the contact Joel Dickson at s.s.cejay@ reach and develop more into a history of tomorrow. hotmail.com. He will be glad research center. • Dennis Friel donated 13 to answer questions or handle a We invite you to come along pistons which are thought to donation. and donate to the Foundation’s be for a Leland-designed, Ford- Together we can work to library and research center as the produced Lincoln KB series preserve and protect all things following Lincoln club members automobile from the early to Lincoln for future generations. have done: mid-’thirties. • Dennis Carpenter and son • In his will, Chris Wantuck, n Joel Dickson is a Lincoln Motor Daniel have given a variety of recently deceased, donated post­ Car Foundation trustee and background material associated ers, prints, car models, club pub­ chairman of the LMCF Library with the development of the lications, manuals, ads, personal and Research Committee. He and Continental Mark II Prototype photos, and pins mostly from his wife, Suzanne, who shares his that is on display in the museum. 1929 and 1930. passion for Lincoln history, reside • Charlie Berry has donated We are so grateful for the in Ocean City, New Jersey. a 2001 color and trim book (an generosity of our donors who 16 spring-summer 2019

Support Companies The Who’ve Supported Lincoln Lincoln Motor Car Heritage Museum egacy n A number of companies that supply parts and services to the Lincoln collector car L market have stepped up and become sponsors of the Lincoln Motor Car Heritage Museum. ociety The LMCF board of trustees encourages members of all Lincoln clubs to support these he Lincoln Legacy Society • Donate a personal resi­ companies. And, when you do was established Sin the sum­ dence or a vacation home to the so, thank them for supporting T mer of 2018 to honor indi­ Foundation our Lincoln Motor Car Heritage viduals who make provisions in There is no minimum gift Museum! their estate plan or who establish amount requirement for mem­ • Mervin B. Adkins life-income gifts to benefit the bership in the Lincoln Legacy Lincoln Motor Car Foundation. Society. • Automotive Restorations Planned gifts help support and As a member of the Lincoln (J. Stephen Babinsky) sustain fulfillment of the objec­ Legacy Society, you will receive: • Automotive Fine Arts Society tives of the Foundation. • a special memento • Dennis Carpenter Ford “The objectives of the Lincoln • invitations to exclusive Restoration Parts Motor Car Foundation are to Foundation events • Earle Brown Lincoln Parts collect, preserve and perpetuate, • life membership in the • Ford Motor Company display and disseminate to the Lincoln Motor Car Foundation • Grundy Insurance public information, memora­ • free admission to the bilia and vehicles related to the Gilmore Car Museum complex • Imagination the Americas history of the Lincoln Motor during normal hours of operation • Lincoln Land (Chris Dunn) Company,” said LMCF treasurer • eligibility for the Ford • Lucas Classic Tires Bruce Kopf, who played a key Motor Company X-Plan, a part­ • National Parts Depot role in the establishment of the ner discount program for new • Reliable Carriers, Inc. Lincoln Legacy Society. Lincoln and Ford automobiles • The Lincoln-Mercury Old Parts Lifetime membership in the • e-delivery of The Lincoln Store Society is extended to individu­ Link, the LMCF bi-annual maga­ als who make one or more of the zine • Ray Theriault Lincoln Parts following commitments to the • an opportunity to share your • Crest Lincoln, Sterling Foundation: personal experiences and inspire Heights, Michigan • Include the Lincoln Motor others • Zeigler Lincoln, Kalamazoo, Car Foundation in their estate • recognition on an LMCF Michigan plan Honor Roll (unless anonymity is • Sesi Lincoln, Ann Arbor, • Create a charitable life- requested) Michigan income arrangement to benefit A membership form is avail­ • Pfeiffer Lincoln, Grand Rapids, the Foundation able on the LMCF web site, or Michigan • Name the Foundation as a it may be requested from LMCF beneficiary of retirement assets or Treasurer Bruce Kopf or any life insurance LMCF officer. 17 the lincoln link

n Jim Blanchard n Above, 1939 Lincoln “Royal” Convertible We are currently gearing Sedan by LeBaron; left, up to digitize Lincoln Library 1940 Lincoln-Zephyr items—literature and service Brunn Town Limousine manuals. This will prove to be highly interesting and useful to researchers, collectors and restor­ ers. If you have any items you wish to donate or lend to the process, please contact us. The 2019 Lincoln Homecoming is planned for August 7-12, providing an excel­ lent opportunity to connect with the museum and the surrounding Michigan attractions. This year we have invited other vintage Ford vehicles, which should pro­ n Lincoln-Zephyrs: 1938 Convertible vide greater interest and energy Sedan and 1936 for all involved. Coupe-Sedan Our decision to partner with the ever-growing and successful Gilmore Car Museum is paying dividends of greater security and Museum Momentum exposure. We have something that reflects well on the Lincoln by Jim Blanchard aviation retrospective. and Ford family of automobiles. We have on loan a 1964 our museum continues to Our endowment campaign con­ Lincoln Continental four-door refine its collection and tinues to push past the million- convertible that was purchased strengthen its financial posi­ dollar mark, ensuring that our Y new by the loaning family in tion. We have accepted the efforts and mission to share the Monroe, Michigan. It is an Lincoln Aviator concept car great Lincoln Motor Car story all-original car that well repre­ from the Lincoln Design Center. lives on for future generations. sents the ’60s era. We have also Weighing in at nearly 8,000 Support your museum! obtained a longer term option pounds, this is the test vehicle on the Ford/Edison Lincoln of this newest Lincoln product. n Jim Blanchard is an LMCF camp car from the Henry Ford It is positioned in our museum board member and vice presi- Museum—to see the patina that with the earliest Lincoln prod­ dent who serves as director of the this vehicle exudes is alone worth uct, the recently restored Liberty Lincoln Motor Car Heritage a visit to the museum! motor—making for an excellent Museum.

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