National Geographic Society

1964 | TANZANIA A touching moment between primatologist and National Geographic grantee Jane Goodall and young chimpanzee Flint at Tanzania’s Gombe Stream Reserve. Photo by Hugo van Lawick/National Geographic www.internationalinnovation.com 27 Interview

Inspire, illuminate AND teach

“Think Jane Goodall’s work with chimpanzees. Think Bob Ballard finding the Titanic. Think of our work today protecting the ocean and saving big cats”…NGS President and CEO Gary E Knell is passionate about the global impact the Society has made through its scientific and educational endeavours for almost 130 years, across a plethora of channels. In an exciting interview with International Innovation, he discusses the importance of promoting exploration and environmental conversation, and teaching the next generation about the world in which they live

Gary E Knell President & CEO National Geographic Society

28 INTERNATIONAL INNOVATION 1909 | CANADA National Geographic funded Commander Robert E Peary’s 1909 expedition to the North Pole. Whether Peary and his assistant, Matthew Henson, reached the Pole or not, they came closer to that goal than anyone before them. © Robert E. Peary Collection, National Geographic

1995 | INDIA By setting off a camera trap, a female tiger captures her own image in Bandhavgarh National Park. Photo by Michael Nichols/National Geographic

The National Geographic Society (NGS) was founded in 1888, with an ambitious mission to inspire people to care about the planet. Today, what action is the Society taking to fulfil this objective?

Actually, we were originally founded for the ‘diffusion of geographic knowledge’. Sounds exciting doesn’t it? Well, at the time it really was – the 33 founders of the Society were scientists, adventurers, civil war veterans and writers who were mapping the West, heading to the Poles and studying the stars. They wanted to share what they learnt with others – through a journal (which today is the National Geographic magazine), a lecture series (which still lives on in the US, Canada, Europe and Australia as National Geographic Live!) and, of course, maps.

Exploration remains our guiding principle. In fact, we believe in the power of science, exploration and storytelling to change the world. With the help of our members, partners and philanthropists, we have supported over 11,000 projects during our 127 years. Right now we have nearly 400 active projects around the globe, where people are searching for knowledge about our world and solutions to our most pressing problems.

We are very proud of our international grant-making expansion, which started in Europe in 2011. As National Geographic works to become more meaningfully global, we are establishing a presence on the ground in communities beyond the US, where local teams support and empower local grantees to carry out scientific research and exploration. The Global Exploration Fund-Northern Europe, based in Stockholm, Sweden, is a great example of this strategy at work. Scientists and explorers will discuss the relevance and impact of their findings, and the unique role National Geographic plays in helping them do this work and share it with the public. We have since expanded into China and are looking at other spots around the globe.

As one of the leading non-profit scientific and education institution worldwide, what is the key to your success?

It depends on how you define success! We’ve had a number of successes over the years, but today I look at it two-fold. Editorially speaking, we have maintained a rigorous standard that has produced the most incredible photography and stories of this past century – providing context and meaning for us to better understand the world we live in. But what good is an amazing photograph or story if no-one sees it? I am proud of our incredible global reach, which includes over 600 million people worldwide through our publications, cable channels, films, books, digital and live programmes. Our social media footprint is tremendous:

www.internationalinnovation.com 29 We hope you will join us at www.nationalgeographic.com to explore and participate in innovative ways to

Four corners of exploration make the world a better place

NGS has categorised its geographical, archaeological and natural sciences work into four key areas, as Gary Knell describes we are the number one brand on Instagram – and combining that with Twitter and Facebook we are engaging over 100 million people. This has been a very difficult task. The good part is that these are not mutually exclusive. A project can Second, it’s really all about our purpose, and that is to inspire people, fit into one, two, three or all of these categories, but illuminate important issues and teach the next generation about the this exercise has helped us more clearly articulate world they live in. So our greatest success is the impact we have made, our areas of focus: empowering people to change the world through exploration and storytelling. Think Jane Goodall’s work with chimpanzees. Think Bob Our Living Planet Ballard finding the Titanic. Think of our work today protecting the ocean and saving big cats. A good example of an initiative here is our work with the National Geographic Pristine Seas project. NGS now focuses on three main elements: Inspire, Illuminate and A marine biologist named Enric Sala came to Teach. Why have you decided to reorganise the Society’s structure and National Geographic with a dream of exploring and what benefits will be afforded by the transition? protecting the last healthy and untouched parts of our ocean. That was six years ago. Today, the project During my first few months at NGS, I met with hundreds of employees has set out the goal to help protect 10 per cent of in the course of a three-month ‘listening tour’. I began to think of this the world’s oceans by 2020. So far, there have been wonderful place as being like an advent calendar. Every time you open a 12 expeditions and 1 million square miles protected, metaphorical door, you find something new and interesting. The institution including vast expansion of US Pacific Remote had achieved so much during its long history and, understandably, had Islands Marine National Monument. evolved as an organisation built around its most visible work.

New Frontiers I felt that there was much we could do with our assets, but we needed to transition from a structure built around our media platforms and This has always been a hallmark for us. So many activities to one more orientated toward our purpose. A few months later, people over the years saw distant cultures, animals we realigned the organisation under the pillars of Inspire, Illuminate and landscapes for the very first time in the pages and Teach, and unveiled a freshened brand architecture. We spent the of our magazine. Today, we still chart new frontiers, rest of the year operationalising that new vision: creating and executing sometimes looking deep within to understand the strategies to strengthen and expand our work supporting scientists and mysteries of the brain, other times taking great explorers; providing context around the important issues of our time; and risk to reach unreachable peaks. For example, in encouraging the next generation to better understand the world in which partnership with North Face, we recently sent a they live. team to climb the summit of an obscure mountain in northern Myanmar, and, in the process, settle Where do your own skills, experiences and interests lie? As CEO and a long-standing geographic question: what is President of NGS, what attracted you to the role and what are your Southeast Asia’s highest mountain? key responsibilities?

Critical Species Before joining National Geographic in January 2014, I served as CEO of NPR (formerly National Public Radio), where we took the fire hose of This encompasses work we have done to protect information available today and provided curation and context for our lions, tigers and other endangered big cats through listeners. Leading NPR reinforced for me the importance and power our Big Cats Initiative, as well as extensive editorial of storytelling. exposés on wildlife trafficking by journalists like Bryan Christy and explorers working to protect I also spent 20 years at Sesame Workshop. Our mission was to use elephants and other species hunted by poachers. the educational power of media to help children worldwide – whether it was adjusting to a family member deployed in the military or Our Human Story battling childhood obesity. Leading Sesame taught me the power of educational entertainment. The more we know about our past, the more we know about ourselves. I am particularly excited Together, these experiences prepared me for National Geographic, which about a recent story we did this past January I see as the juncture of education, entertainment and journalism. When about early humans and what we know about I interviewed for this position they asked me what was most important to them through the artwork they left behind – from me. I knew my answer to this question would mean the job. I answered cave paintings in Spain dating 39,000 years ago to ‘education’ and I got the job. engravings found in southern Africa that are 100,000 years old. I am determined to elevate education, but it is really under the banner of impact. For 127 years NGS has made great impacts in exploration, science and storytelling – inspiring people to understand and change

30 INTERNATIONAL INNOVATION COCOS ISLAND, COSTA RICA Marine biologist and National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Enric Sala dives with a green turtle off Cocos Island, Costa Rica. Sala leads National Geographic’s Pristine Seas project, which aims to find, survey and help protect the last healthy and undisturbed places in the ocean. Photo by Octavio Aburto

the world. More than anything, I want people worldwide to see us as a Thinking ‘green’ purpose-driven organisation. NGS has created a number of green initiatives What projects are currently being funded by the Committee for related to water, energy, recycling and employee Research and Exploration (CRE)? programmes, as Gary Knell reveals...

CRE mostly funds conservation, biology and anthropology, but also many We use triple-bottom-line accounting – making fields of scientific study, including archaeology, genetics, geography decisions based not only on revenue but also on the and astronomy. I would like to mention a few underway right now. One effect these decisions have on our staff, community is Michael Frachetti’s discovery of a 1,000-year old Silk Road city in and environment. Our building is a certified Uzbekistan. This work could completely change the picture we have Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design of nomadic societies as non-urban. Another is Gina Moseley’s project (LEED) Gold by the US Green Building Council. studying paleoclimatic records in ice caves in northern Greenland – this could provide data about what the climate was like earlier than ice cores Compared to our utility usage in 2002 before our from the Arctic have so far shown, helping us understand long-term first efforts at gaining LEED certification to 2014, patterns of global warming and cooling. our water use is 41 per cent less, our electrical use is 17 per cent less and our natural gas use is 12 per In addition, Darcy Ogada is studying vultures in Kenya that are dying out cent less. due to accidental poisoning, which is causing big problems for human health since there is no other animal that can clean up carcasses as We have a Green Team made up of dozens of staff efficiently. Without vultures, animal carcasses decay longer, bringing volunteers that work daily to identify and reduce pests and contaminating watersheds. Darcy is working with the human waste. The effect of engaging all our employees in communities where the vultures are breeding to bring awareness to this the efforts? Compared to our utility usage in 2007, issue. It has been shown that if farmers stop poisoning stock to kill other when we began our employee Green Team, their predators the vulture can recover quite quickly, so the hope is that her ideas and behavioural changes helped reduce water efforts can help vultures and people. use 11 per cent, decrease natural gas use 16 per cent, and cut back on electrical use by 24 per cent. How do you involve children and young adults in the Society’s activities? We’ve also been working to keep our waste out of landfills – in the first six months of last year, we It’s no secret that we are in a time of unprecedented media disruption. kept 70 per cent of our waste out of landfills! The way people create and consume content changes quickly. We are working hard to disrupt ourselves, stay ahead of the curve, and meet our audiences, particularly children and young adults – the next generation of explorers – where they are. This means we’ve expanded our digital footprint and invested in mobile apps. In late February, we launched Nat Geo View on Apple’s App Store. Nat Geo View is a new mobile app experience for anyone who loves amazing photography, insightful writing and compelling video. It draws on our core visual storytelling and packages it in a unique way for your iPhone. It’s a great collection of work, and will make new content available every day from our staff, contributors and Your Shot photo community.

We also introduced a content partnership with Snapchat. Alongside CNN, ESPN, Food Network, Comedy Central and others, we are powering their ‘Discover’ feature. Like Nat Geo View, this has the potential to expand our audience – addressing our goals of increasing digital engagement, growing our membership base, and elevating our work in science, exploration and storytelling.