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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

In this chapter will explain background of problem, research formulation contain identification and divided into field of the research, kinds of the problem and main problem of this research. The researcher explains limitation of the research and the question of the research. From question, the researcher could analyze phrasal in "Kung Fu Panda 2" movie. Then the researcher describe the analysis for the aims of the research and significance also therefore the reader perhaps will know purpose analysis of the research. To support this research, the researcher got some thesis of same topic. Providing theoretical foundation connected phrasal and movie is important to make the researcher more dominate this problem. The last about methodological of research could clarify the object, method, source, technique of collecting data and analyzing data.

1.1. Background of Problem People may have daily activities, such as listening, washing, driving, watching or etc. Watching is one of activities that from children until parents see movie, entertainment or show. People can obtain news, entertainment and knowledge too. In more and more countries films are dubbed into the language of that country, and on the internet, the growth of non-English information exchange is noticeable; many search engines (like Alta Vista and Hotbot) have, for some time, offered users a choice of language (Harmer, 2001:4). Indonesia is one of presenting Western movie which using English in movie theater, television or DVD. Movie is one of program that can see in television. Giovanny (2013) states most of the time, literary works such as novels, plays and films are made as some mediums in which their creators can share information and imagination. Movie is one of literary works in dramatic, romantic and fun form. Movie is a motion picture or film produced for entertainment, which tell a story. There are many kinds of movie; action movie, romantic movie, comedy, thriller, horror, drama, musical, adventure, crime and war. In a movie, one is able to learn many aspects of knowledge related to English language, especially everyday English. Learning English through the movies also support one to practice English in listening and speaking skills. Particularly, American movies can learn the language use as slangs, and informal language,

1 2 grammar also. Every people may choose one of their favorite movie or which can make them interesting to watch. To select the movies, the researcher utilized my times to watch each English animation movie that the researcher has to. Choosing animation movies because those movies could watch all age. These movies are such as Cloudy with a Chance of Meatball 2 (2013), Frozen (2013), Hotel Transylvania (2012), Kung Fu Panda 2 (2011) and Ice Age 4 (2012). All of those are type of animation movie that using cartoon. The researcher also chose films that depict family with friendship and super powers. The movie contains conversation and fiction. The movie that would use in this research is ―Kung Fu Panda 2‖. ―Kung Fu Panda 2‖ is one of animation movie. The effective use of animation and its positive results on instructional message design is evident by other research. Animation movies could be very useful comprehending and promptly applying motional skills. Animation is an important component in designing interactive multimedia, which creates a visual interest and makes scientific learning more appealing and enjoyable for learners (Lih-Juan ChanLin, 2000). So people will absolutely watch the animation movie nevertheless they will select which one is good or not. In this thesis, the researcher chose Kung Fu Panda 2 movie is selected as the object to analyze of phrasal verbs by using modern animation, so making sense that this movie has more utterances in phrasal verbs. Many expressions have more meanings also, with what they say. Those are why the researcher attracted to analyze it. People will learn from grammar because it is important. Many people thought that speaking English using grammar it is difficult. The grammar of language is the description of the ways in which words can change their forms and can be combined into sentences in that language (Harmer, 2001: 12). Grammar is collection of words consist of , , sentence, etc. Grammar is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves. The more we are aware of how it works, the more we can monitor the meaning and effectiveness of the way we and others use language. It can help foster precision, detect ambiguity, and exploit the richness of expression available in English. And it can help everyone--not only teachers of English, but teachers of anything, for all teaching is ultimately a matter of getting to grips with meaning. (David Crystal, "In Word and Deed," TES Teacher, April 30, 2004)

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Grammar has been regarding as a set of rules to memorize. Today, grammar is still teach and tested this way in many parts of the world. Grammar is particularly rule for learning English. Halliday (1994:60) states that in order to understand how language works, therefore, we have to engage with the grammar. Nevertheless, in the other side, people may transfer the aims using a good pronunciation and the purpose. And his other book, On Language and Linguistics (2003:344), argue that grammar is the level at which the various stands of meaning potential are woven into a fabric; or, to express this non-metaphorically, the level at which the different meaning selections are integrated so as to form structures. Grammatical rules can sometimes be the best explained by means of a single sentence and a rule, which can then be applied to other examples. There are parts of speech; , verb, , , , preposition, and . The researcher would only discuses verbs. Verbs are commonly with a particular particle (adverb or preposition) are combined two-word verbs. For example, ―She looked after her elderly parents. Verbs are commonly used with two particular particles ( + preposition) are combined three-word verbs, example ―He looked up to his older brothers. Sometimes these are called ´prepositional verbs´ and ´phrasal verbs´. Although words can appear as single items which are combined in a sentence, they can also occur in two-or-more item groups (Harmer, 2001:20), for instance phrasal verbs, and words. A phrasal verb is form of two or more words (if we accept one definition of what a word is) yet it is only one meaning unit (Harmer, 2001:21). Phrasal verbs are same meaning prepositional verbs. So, there are some words that can merged and they cannot give a meaning one by one because they have one meaning although they are two word or more. For memorizing the phrasal verbs are little difficult because there are kinds of phrasal verb. The importance of phrasal verbs is often expressed in quantitative terms. In this respect, Cornell (1985) states: "The plain fact that what distinguishes the writing and, above all, the speech of a good foreign student from those of an Englishman is that what an Englishman writes or says is full of these expressions (phrasal verbs), whereas most foreigners are frightened of them, carefully avoid them, and what sounds stilted should be the phrasal verbs, not foreigners in consequence. Foreign students enjoy being flattered on their English can best achieve this by correctly using masses of these component verbs". (p. 270). 4

Cornell (1985) in Khalid‘s thesis points out that there are at least 700 phrasal verbs in ordinary, everyday use in English, 3000 established phrasal verbs, and hundreds of two-part verbs. So, what are the types and meaning of phrasal verb in Kung Fu Panda 2 movie?

1.2. Research Formulation 1.2.1 The Identification of the problem 1.2.1.1 The field of the research This study is focus on grammar. Grammar (Halliday, 1994:60) is ―the central processing unit of a language where meanings are accepted from different metafunctional inputs spliced together to form integrated outputs, or wordings.‖ Though a skill in its own right, grammar can also be regarded as a necessary ―master‖ skill that enables competence to develop in the areas of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Savage, Bitterlin and Price (2010) state when grammar is incorrect or misunderstood in any of these areas, communication perhaps disrupted. For some English learners will be feel difficult to understand and apply the grammatical of sentence because ‗how the wide of grammar‘. Much knowledge can take from grammar. One of them is phrasal verbs, which will describe in this research. In addition, grammar is a goal of studying English.

1.2.1.2 The Kinds of the problem The researcher has decided to entitle the research as An Analysis of Phrasal Verbs in Kung Fu Panda 2 movie by Jennifer Yuh Nelson in 2011. There are source that can analysis through movie such as characters, plot or moral but this research focuses on the forms and functions of phrasal verbs that discovered in Kung Fu Panda 2 movie. The researcher make question of kind of problem to make easy, they are: a. People who watched the movie, is realize that has phrasal verbs? b. Do they know the purpose of dialogue, which are phrasal verbs?

1.2.1.3 The Main problem of the research The main problem of the research is sometimes people do not understand the meaning of phrasal verb because there are many phrasal verbs. Then, there are two types of phrasal verb, intransitive and transitive. Absolutely, learners fell confused to divide either the phrasal verb need object or not. It is available in movie so the 5

learners can study phrasal verb from that. Because the meaning perhaps is not common, so the researcher analyzes to find out the phrasal verbs and their meaning.

1.3. The Limitation of the research In this research, the researcher will limit the problem. Since the title of the research is phrasal verbs, so the researcher only chooses the type of it like transitive and intransitive although there are many types of phrasal verb. She will select phrasal verbs do not contain to because it is stated in a number of books and dictionaries that ―plural verbs‖ is a type of idiom, meanwhile some phrasal verbs do not include plural verbs in the contents. The researcher limited to analyze the meaning of phrasal verb based on the contextual meaning. So she observed the contextual view of each sentence that appear in this dialogue of movie. The researcher will limit the object also, there are so many movies contain phrasal verbs and then the researcher takes Kung Fu Panda 2 movie because the story is interesting and it is for all age could watch this movie.

1.4. The Questions of the research Based on the background of the problem that have described. Therefore, the questions of the problem are as follow: a) What are the types of phrasal verbs in ―Kung Fu Panda 2‖ movie by Jennifer Yuh Nelson? b) What are the types of phrasal verbs dominantly using in ―Kung Fu Panda 2‖ movie by Jennifer Yuh Nelson? c) What are the contextual meanings of phrasal verbs in ―Kung Fu Panda 2‖ movie by Jennifer Yuh Nelson?

1.5. Aims of Research This research aims at: a. To know type of phrasal verb used in ―Kung Fu Panda 2‖. b. To know kinds of phrasal verb which are mostly used in this movie. c. To know the meaning of phrasal verb that relate to the context of movie.

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1.6. Significance of Research This research has using in daily life and education. As people watch every movie, they will concentrate the plot of movie. Moreover, for Indonesian people who watch the movie using Indonesian translation so they cannot know where and which the phrasal verb exactly one. Theoretically, the significance of this research is to increase the grammatical understanding in terms of grammar works (phrasal verb) through movie and to explain the form of phrasal verb in Kung Fu Panda 2‖ movie. Practically, it has significance for the readers to understand the meaning of phrasal verb in that dialogue movie. In this study, the researcher will analyze the phrasal verb from Kung Fu Panda 2. Phrasal verbs are very important for English learners because they are so prevalent in everyday spoken and written language. Learners do not only know of them but they have to use them.

1.7. Previous of Study Here, the researcher will analyze the researches that take same area with the researcher. She found out the grammar exactly phrasal verbs in dialogue movie. The first study had taken from Lusken Pradesy Manik, Sudarsono and Eni Rosnija from Tanjungpura University, Pontianak entitled An Analysis of Phrasal Verbs in Movie “Pride and Prejudice”. Their study is to know and meaning of phrasal verbs in that movie. The method is using descriptive and data are collected from conversation from of that movie. The results are 89 parts of the conversation. The data consist of 94 phrasal verbs in movie (68 verbs and 20 particles). In addition, the most combination with particle on the movie is come, and put. In this research, there are phrasal verbs that do not have literal meaning to suit to context. ―Pride and Prejudice‖ was movie in 2005 and movie that the researcher take is ―Kung Fu Panda 2‖ is 2011 movie. New movie perhaps would improve language in dialogue. Similarity this research with the researcher‘s is analyze the phrasal verb of movie Then second study, Fitriya Elina, The Phrasal Verbs Analysis in some selected children stories. Her thesis is in 2012, she analyzed phrasal verb to construct in the children‘s book, function and kind of phrasal verbs and the meaning of phrasal verbs in those book. Her method is qualitative therefore, she wants to make analyze about phrasal verbs in the some selected children‘s book stories. Furthermore, technique of collecting data used library research, she found the data from library. This research focuses on two main issues namely; the construction of phrasal verbs and the function 7

of phrasal verbs as found in the three selected children‘s book in 6 years. The results are 12 transitive phrasal verbs and 8 intransitive in the Hotel Mystery book, 10 transitive, 6 intransitive and 1 separable phrasal verb in the Diamond Mystery, the last 9 transitive, 8 intransitive and 2 separable in Peebee Has Awish. The problem that appears in phrasal verb is the misunderstanding of meaning in sentence because phrasal verbs have different meaning. As disclosed above, similarity with the researcher‘s thesis is to analyze phrasal verb only Fitriya analyze in selected children‘s book and the researcher analyze in movie. Next is from Anna L. Olson, her thesis titled Construction and Result: as Analyzed in Construction Grammar. Her thesis is to explain the difference between separable and non-separable transitive English phrasal verbs, just focus on a reason for the non-separable verbs′ lack of compatibility with the word order alternation, which is present with the separable phrasal verbs. The researcher used construction grammar to his ideas in thesis. Based on her thesis shows, construction grammar does have insights to offer regarding English phrasal verbs, though construction grammar strives to provide a balance between and semantics, allowing for insights from other theories was extremely helpful in elucidating some of the semantics at work in English phrasal verbs. The researcher tried to understand phrasal verbs. The results indicate that separable and non- separable transitive English phrasal verbs are similar but difference constructions with the specific syntactic reasons for the incompatibility of the word order alternation with the non-separable verbs though. As explanation before, the researcher only focuses on non-separable whereas it can use separable.

1.8. Theoretical Foundation The theoretical foundation for this study focuses on the phrasal verbs in dialogue movie. The chapter begins with the theory of verbs, phrase and phrasal verbs followed by the other researches taken same point with the researcher.

1.8.1 Meaning of Phrase In everyday speech, people may refer to any group of words as a ―phrase.‖ In linguistics, however, this term has a more precise meaning. First, a phrase must be a group of words which form a constituent Second, a phrase is lower on the grammatical hierarchy than . 8

Intuitively this means that are in some sense ―smaller‖ than clauses. More precisely, simple clauses may (and usually do) contain phrases, but simple phrases do not (in general) contain clauses. As a preliminary definition, then, let us assume that a phrase is a group of words, which can function as a constituent within a simple clause. (Kroeger: 2005)

Phrase is smaller component of language than clause but phrase does not have pattern and have meaning. Halliday (2004: 311) argues phrase may also develop via another, nominal, route: the adposition may drive from a noun in a construction, which is why adposition may take the genitive, as with certain prepositions in German and many in Arabic (cf. English: sake in for somebody’s sake) There are some meanings of phrase below: - A phrase is a group of words without a subject and a predicate. A prepositional of phrase and a are examples of phrases. (Declerck, 2006:12) - A phrase is a group of connected words that does not contain a subject or a predicate. (AMSCO, 2004:156) - Phrase is a group of words without a , especially one that forms and a group of words, which have a particular meaning when used together. (Oxford Advanced Learner‘s Dictionary, 2006: 1092) So from their theories, can conclude that phrase cannot stand-alone so need other units. Tredinnick (2008: 54) said in his book that to change me is a phrase on counts, lacking a subject and having only a verb in the ; since the verb is not finite, the word group has no predicate. It is a phrase—an infinitive phrase, to be exact. Phrases are connected to form sentences; sentences are joined to make paragraphs; paragraphs are linked together to build a text. A prototypical phrase is a group of words forming a unit and consisting of a or ‗nucleuses together with other words or word groups clustering around it. If the head of the phrase is a noun, we speak of a (e.g., all those beautiful houses built in the sixties). If the head is a verb, the phrase is a verb phrase. For example: Bella drinks a cup of tea In the following sentence above, verb phrase (VP) is in italics and verb head is in underlined. A phrase is only potentially complex. In other words, the term used 9 also to refer to ‗one-word phrases‘, i.e. non prototypical phrases that consist of a head only. Here, types of phrase as follows:

1) Prepositional phrases A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or a pronoun. This noun or pronoun called the ―object of the preposition.‖ Such as by the wall, near the closet, over the garage, with help, in the desert and below sea level. 2) Adjectival phrases When a prepositional phrase serves as an adjective is adjectival phrase. An adjectival phrase, as with an adjective, describes a noun or a pronoun. For e.g.: The clown with the mask terrifies the children. The adjectival phrase ―with the mask‖ describes the noun clown. Adjective phrases answer the question ―what kind?‖ and ―which one?‖ for example: The cow in the field is black. (Which cow is black?) 3) Adverbial phrases When a prepositional phrase serves as an adverb is adverbial phrases. It describes a verb, an adjective, or adverb. For e.g. The game lasted into the fourteenth inning. The adverbial phrase ―into the fourteenth inning‖ modifies the verb lasted. Adverb phrases tell where, how or when. For example : The cow jumped over the fence. (Where did the cow jump?) 4) Verbal phrases A verbal is form used as another part of speech. Verbals come in the three varieties; , and . A verbal phrase is a cluster of words together forming a verb, a kind of , made up of two or more verbs or of a verb and another part of speech or two. a) Participle phrase is a form of a verb that functions as an adjective. There are two kinds of : - Present participle end in –ing (jumping, burning, speaking) - Past participle usually end in –ed, -t, or –en (jumped, burnt, spoken). e.g. The wailing cats disturbed in the neighbors. The present participle ―wailing‖ describes the noun cats. 10

Participle phrases contain a participle modified by an adverb or an adverbial phrase. They function as an adjective. A participle phrase can be placed before or after the word it describes. E.g. Walking carefully, I avoided the spilled juice. The participle phrase ―walking carefully‖ describes the pronoun I. b) Gerund phrases, a gerund is a form of a verb used as a noun. Gerund can function as subjects, direct, object, indirect object, objects of a preposition, predicate nominative and appositives. Gerund always ends in –ing and always acts as . e.g. The slow, steady dripping annoyed him. The gerund phrase is ―the slow, steady dripping.‖ 5) Noun phrase Noun phrase means a cluster of words with a noun as its headword. It can relate to prepositional phrase such as to local open space and of new developments. Noun phrases can perform the functions performed by nouns (and ): the subject, and the object, the subject compliment, object compliment and appositive.

1.8.2 Verbs Verb is a large class of words which indicate events and states of affairs, or which help qualify the reference of other verbs. (Leech, 2006:118). Verbs are an action or describe a state of being. Every sentence must have a verb because it can explain or express the action, phrase, clause or sentence and verb related to tenses. There are three basic types of verbs: action verbs, linking verbs and helping verbs (Rozakis: 2003:12). 1) Action verbs Action verbs tell the subject does. The action can be visible (jump, kiss, laugh) or mental (think, learn, study). Sergeant (2007:52) states most verbs describe actions, so they called by action verbs. Action verbs tell what people or things are doing. Here are some common action verbs: - Drink - Fall - Look - Eat - Jump - Shout - Swim - Walk 11

- Climb - Sit - Laugh - Catch - Run - Dance For example: He drink a glass of tea. Sinta shout when it‘s happening. Action verbs are important part in narrative to construct the sequence of events or incidents that are unusual and problematic in some respect while in recounts, action verbs are important in the retelling of experience. An action verb can be transitive or intransitive. Transitive verbs need a direct object. For example: I bring a tape radio. Intransitive verbs do not need a direct object. For example: The man works hard.

2) Linking Verbs Linking verbs join the subject and the predicate. They do not show action. Instead, they help the words at the end of the sentence name or describe the subject, the most common linking verbs include: be, feel, grow, seem, smell, remain, appear, sound, stay, look, taste, turn, become. Look for forms of to be, such as am, is, are, was, were, am being, can be, have been, and so on. For example: The manager was happy about the job change. Many linking verbs can also be used as action verbs. Linking : The kids looked sad. Action : I looked for the dog in the pouring rain.

3) Helping Helping verbs added to another verb to make the meaning clearer. Although a main verb represents the important idea of the sentence, it may need a helper to express its full meaning. Stobbe (2008:65) argue that helping verb help the main verb to make a statement, ask a question, or give a command. Helping verbs include any form of to be, do, does, did, have, has, had, shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must. Verb phrases are made up of one main verb and one or more helping verbs For example: They will run before dawn. 12

They still have not yet found a smooth track.

1.8.3 Particle Definition particle (Bussman 1996:352) states ―wide-reaching term, including all indeclinable word classes such as adverbs, conjunctions, preposition and other particle classes such as scalar particles, discourse markers, modal particles, negation, ‖ and ―in a narrower sense: all invariant words which are not adverbs, conjunctions or prepositions, i.e. scalar particles, discourse markers, modal particles and interjections. The particles are similar to the verbs in one respect, they also show some differences in meaning. However, not all particles behave in the same way, and the interactions are slightly different with the different with the different verbs, but there are some clear effects with certain classes. Particles retain its own meaning within the verb particle combination, where particle meaning can be literal or completive such as off used in literal meaning. Particle can influence verb to change meaning become idiomatic. Particles retain their own meaning and the selectional properties of the verb are not changed. The role of particle in phrasal verb is important. The use of spatial in, out, off, up, or down however frequent or infrequent cannot be ignored when we need to explain how a plant grows, what has happened to or with the seeds or other parts of a plant, etc. The particle can optionally adjoin to the verb in order to make movement of the complex verb possible or it can remain in its base position.

1.8.4 Phrasal Verbs 1.8.4.1 Meaning of Phrasal Verbs Phrasal verbs is very common for native speaker, but for non-native speaker is still difficult because they are still clumsy. Jackendoff (2010:228) in Rosalia‘s book argues English phrasal verbs consist of a verb paired with a particle that is homophonous with an English preposition. In phrasal verbs, the first word is a verb and the second word is called by a particle. The particle is really an integral part of the phrasal verb, separable often in word- order but nevertheless constituting a single unit (Heaton, 1985: 114). Or for clarification, a verb+adverb. Rosemary Courtney (1990) explain combination of a verb and adverb, or a verb and preposition (or verb with both adverb and preposition) 13

These adverbs are sometimes called particle or like Tredinnick (2008: 58) add phrasal verb are verbs that employ a verb and a following particle (usually a preposition, or even two) to express the action they are trying to describe it. So phrasal verb is an expression that consist of plus an adverb or preposition or both an adverb and a preposition. They combine with verbs to form phrasal verbs, e.g. call in, walk on, fall over, go under, climb up etc. For instance, she looked up the answer. Phrasal verb is informal but proper. Eastwood (1994:305) argue that some phrasal verbs are easy to understand if we know the meaning of each word but often the phrasal verb has an idiomatic meaning, such as I’ve given up smoking. (=stopped). And sometimes there is a one-word verb with the same meaning as the phrasal verb. The phrasal verb is usually more informal. For example: We must fix up/arrange a meeting. The problem won‘t just go away/disappear. You‘ve left out/omitted two names from the guest list. Some verbs can take a number of different adverbs E.g., The child took two steps and fell down. Enthusiasm for the project has fallen off. (become less) Kevin and Diana have fallen out. (quarreled) I‘m afraid the deal fell through. (didn‘t happen) A phrasal verb can have more than one meaning, often a concrete and an abstract meaning. Here the example: We‘ve been to the supermarket. Gavin is bringing in the groceries The governments are bringing in a new law. (introducing) Phrasal verbs perhaps are same as prepositional phrase and idiom. Rosalia (2012: 65) stated that phrasal verbs posses a degree of idiomaticity in the assembly of the verb plus preposition (cry over something), or verb plus separable particle (run up the flag or run the flag up), verb plus inseparable particle (run up a debt), or the doubly assembly of verb plus particle and preposition (face up to problems). For example, looked up or get up is idiomatic.

1.8.4.2. Historical of Phrasal Verbs Phrasal verbs were not real common in Old English. Millward states in Rosalia book (2012:11) that the inseparable- was a form in which the particle was attached to the beginning of the verb. Phrasal verb is not start to use in Old English. Example of 14 prefixed verb baernan (to bum- to burn) and fbrbaernan (to burn up). However, applications of the particle up in Old English transferred a sense to direct upward, it is still common now. In Middle English, there is an effect from French. Phrasal verbs are more functioned than Old English. Old English forbrecan became to break up. Late Middle English could divide phrasal verbs divided into three categories (Fraenkel, 1992:110): a) Old English style inseparable particle+verb (understand. overtake) b) Phrasal verbs including verbs+separable particle (take up, write up) c) Nominal compounds derived from the first two (outcry, write-off In Early Modern English, Akimoto stated in Rosalia‘s book that phrasal verbs more occur in letters and drama so it is prove phrasal verbs has a lower social position in this era. ―Phrasal verbs in Early Modern English could be formed with a noun+particle such as to louse up”(Millward, 1996:319). The last, in present- day English, phrasal verbs takes a particle around a noun phrase that known as well as prepositional phrase and certainly phrasal verb can use in conversation within spoken and written language. For beginner or English learners are a little difficult to understand phrasal verb moreover to divide the type and the meaning of each phrasal verb that consist verb and particle.

1.8.4.3 Types of Phrasal Verbs According to the Oxford (1983:145) distinguishes seven types of phrasal verbs in English: 1) Intransitive phrasal verbs (give in) does not need object. 2) Transitive phrasal verbs (find out) needs object. 3) Monotransitive prepositional verbs (look after) select one object. 4) Doubly transitive prepositional verbs (something or someone) select two objects. 5) Copular prepositional (serve as) 6) Monotransitive phrasal-prepositional verbs (look up to ―respect‖) 7) Doubly transitive phrasal prepositional verbs (put something down to someone ‗attribute to‘) In this situation, only divide into two types. Gelderen (2000:73) stated distinction such as transitive and intransitive are useful to explain when to use verbs forms such as lay/lie, set/sit, and fell/fall. The first verb in these three sets is the transitive one and the second is the intransitive. 15 a. Intransitive As Payne (2011:153) states intransitive phrasal verb similar as prepositional verbs for those grammarians who use this term. Intransitive verbs do not require object or consist of verb and adverb particle although there can be a prepositional phrase after it. Such as in this sentence: The man was waiting at the side of the road. Something unfortunate happened. Intransitive verbs usually express action (people doing things) and events (things happening). Intransitive is usually informal. These particles acts as place adjuncts or can function as such and, as a general rule, they cannot be separated from the lexical verb with which they appear (Sánchez, 2013:10) For example: Suddenly all the lights went out. With the verb, you cannot put another word between the verb and adverb. A verb may be intransitive by itself or produce with a particle an intransitive phrasal verb such as give and give up. b. Transitive Transitive phrasal verb require object, the particle is not constant. The particle can position before and after the object. According to Chlirova (2013:19), there are two basic rules. First rule applies when the object is a . There is only possibility of subject, verb, object and adverb, pattern as in: She turned it off. Second rule explains the position of a long object. Example: She put on her new blue coat. Transitive can be ―separable‖ and ―inseparable‖. Veres Grigore (1998) states that ―one and the same phrasal verb may be both transitive and intransitive: - The battery has run down, it needs recharging. - If you leave the lights on, you‘ll soon run down the battery. When a phrasal verb has an object, the adverb can usually go either before or after the object. I threw away my old briefcase. I threw my old briefcase away. When the object is a ling phrase, the adverb goes before it. I threw away that rather battered old briefcase The adverb usually goes before other adverbials (e.g. nervously, on time) Roger stood up nervously. The plane took off on time.

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b.1 Separable With some separable verbs, the object must come between the verb and the particle, the object can before or after the particle, though when a pronoun is used it comes before the particle. Payne (2011: 152) argues that separable phrasal verbs are even further along on the continuum of lexicalization than inseparable phrasal verbs. If the direct object is a pronoun, there is no choice. Azar (2003: 432) states if a phrasal verb is separable, a pronoun object comes between the verb and the particle. We must separable the phrasal verb and insert the pronoun between two parts. In dictionary, writes bring (something/somebody) down, it means that the phrasal verbs is separable because we are be able to write bring something down or bring down something.

b.2 Inseparable Inseparable cannot have the direct object in the middle of the phrasal verb. The particle of intransitive has only one possible position in the sentence, it is immediately follows the verb and does not change the basic meaning of the verb. Examples of inseparable verb are tell on, get on, get out, talk over, look after, care for. Moreover, the particle changes the meaning of the verb in many verb + particle combinations. These combinations have an idiomatic as like come back (return), drop by (visit), grow up (become an adult), go ever (review, correct).

1.8.5 Movie 1.8.5.1 Definition of movie Every person in this world could watch program in television especially movie because movie is a form of entertainment that enacts a story by and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement. In another words movie can called by film as like mentioned in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English (7th ed), the meaning of movie and film are same. So a movie known as a film, to move picture, motion picture on screen expeditiously and sound also to create the illusion or the best moving picture to entertain everyone who sees it. Hence, everything is moving pictures be called movie, film or cinema. In a movie we can know the story that provided by characters.

1.8.5.2 Kinds of movie 17

There are kinds of movie based on from website www.createyourscreenplay.com/genrechart , such as: 1) Action (disaster): Stories whose central struggle plays out mainly through a clash of physical forces. 2) Adventure: Stories whose central plays out mainly through encounters with new ―worlds.‖ 3) Comedy: Stories whose central struggle causes hilarious results. 4) Coming-of-Age Drama: Stories whose central struggle is about the hero finding his or her place in the world. 5) Crime: Stories whose central struggle is about catching a criminal. 6) Detective Story/ Courtroom Drama: Stories whose central struggle is to find out what really happened to expose the truth. 7) Epic/ Myth: Stories whose central plays out in the midst of a clash of great forces or in the sweep of great historical change. 8) Fantasy: stories that are animated, or whose central struggle plays out in two worlds- the ―real‖ world and an imaginary world. 9) Gangster: Stories whose central struggle is between a criminal and society. 10) Horror: stories whose central struggle focuses on escaping from and eventually defeating a monster (either human or non human) 11) Love (romance): stories whose central struggle is between two people who each want to win or keep the love of the other. 12) Science fiction: stories whose central struggle is generated from the technology and tools of a scientifically imaginable world. 13) Social drama: storied whose central struggle is between a champion and a problem or injustice in society. Usually the champion has a personal stake in the outcome of the struggle. 14) Thriller: stories whose central struggle pits an innocent hero against a lethal enemy who is out to kill him or her.

1.8.5.3 Purpose of Movie When watching a movie, people not only listen and see the characters but also they watch the movement of picture in movie so makes the communication and deliver the purpose of the movie. There are many movies that can learn from it, such as historical and science movie. We are be able to learn English from movie. Movie has 18 advantage and disadvantage thing as like explanation above. They are advantage thing from movie, so the purposes of movie are to educate, entertain and inspire or motivate the audience despite that, there are movie that as good as possible because for learning English, it is better if take from textbooks. In the other side, disadvantage of movie, sometimes people still cannot choose the good movie yet. People should watch the movies that have moral value.

1.8.5.4 Background of the movie “Kung Fu Panda 2” Kung Fu Panda 2 movie is a 2011 movie American animation which has humor, comedy, action and martial arts. The director of this movie is Jennifer Yuh Nelson, and produced by DreamWorks Animation then distributed by Paramount Pictures. It is the sequel to the 2008 movie Kung Fu Panda and the second installment in the Kung Fu Panda franchise.

1.8.5.4.1 Synopsis In opening narrator tells that, there is peacock kingdom in Gongmen city and has a son with a name, Lord Shen. Then Shen discover from the court‘s goat Soothsayer that ―a warrior of black and white‖ will defeat him so he leads an army to exterminate the panda population (black and white colour) to abolish the prophecy, then he makes harness fireworks as a weapon. Shen‘s parents are mad and exile his son who swears revenge. Thirty years later, Po as the Dragon Warrior, protecting the Valley of Peace with his friends and kung fu masters too, the Furious Five. All the furious five is practicing based on two kid rabbits in fact Po is eating as much as possible enter to his mouth. Then master Shifu calls Po to exercise the next phase. At master Shifu‘s place, his teacher Shifu tells him, however, that he has to achieve inner peace. Suddenly Tigress said bandits are appearing in Musicians‘ Village. Bandits are the army of Shen, they want to get medal from that village. Boss Wolf is very surprised because a panda still alive. Po and his friends fight against the wolf bandits and take the metal back. While defending a village from wolf bandits, Po is distracted by a symbol on the wolf leader‘s armor clothes, which causes Po to have a flashback of his mother and it make allows the wolves to escape. In the last fighting, the bandits take some of metals. Tigress asks Po what happen so that why the wolves escape. 19

All kung fu masters came back to place but Po come to his dad, Mr. Ping and asks about his origins. Before Mr. Ping tells the truth, he makes a joke. Mr. Ping discloses all to Po that he found little Po in a radish crate and adopted him, Mr. Ping fed Po and gave his a bath him. But Po looks unsatisfied, still thinking and wonder how he can in a radish crate and also exists in Valley of Peace. At Gongmen City, there are Masters Storming Ox, Croc and Master Thundering Rhino also the Soothsayer. All masters are practicing their special skills. Meanwhile, outside the gate of palace, Shen enter the palace and the antelope guards in front of gate block him but Shen can face it easily. Shen attracts the attention of masters and the Soothsayer. Shen want Gongmen City back to him but the masters reject it. Suddenly, the wolves, Shen‘s army enter the palace bring a large wooden crate. Master Ox asks Shen, what is in the box then all masters try to combat with Shen. When master Rhino prepares for combat suddenly, Shen light for his metal talons and contact master Rhino. In Jade Palace, Po and the Five gathered in the arena, seeing Shifu read the scroll. Shifu tell that Shen has killed master Thundering Rhino that protecting Gongmen City with newly weapon cannon. Absolutely, PO and the Five shocked, master Shifu say that to stop Shen because if Shen try to destroy Gongmen City so this is the end of kung fu and this is mission for Po and the Five to destroy the weapon. In their trip, Po dream of his parents on sampan boat. Because he mad at his dream, he is practicing inner peace. While talking about Po‘s dad, Tigress realizes they arrived in Gongmen City that full with wolves and Gorilla. In Shen‘s palace he is talking about his future with the Soothsayer, and that can fight him is a warrior of black and white. Then the wolf come and tells that there is a panda still alive and Shen ask him to bring that to Shen. While Po and the Furious Five must come to Shen‘s place tower without discovered by wolves. Po and his friend know master Ox and Croc still live yet but imprisoned at Black Dragon Alley. They have to find the masters. After they find it, Po encourage the masters to get out from jail but the result they don‘t want it because if they free, Shen will turn on the weapon and destroy the Gongmen City with content together. Meanwhile, Po invited masters to get out some wolves enter the jail. Po try to fight with one of wolf but the last Po can defeat him, he is in Shen‘s palace. Then, Po and the Five meet Shen at his place. After it they are greeting each other, talk about revenge but Po don‘t remember what Shen did to his family. At the time, Shen direct weapon to Po and the Five but he fails. Po fight Shen suddenly Po is no moving. He remembers like his dream about his parents. So Shen run away and flying out the palace and instruct to fire the palace where Po and 20 his friend is still there. They try to get out and they can. Because of failure, Shen tells the wolves to gather and preparing to attack Gongmen City. Then Po and the Five come back to jail where master Ox and master Croc. Everybody stare at Po because why Po set free Shen when Po can get him. Moreover, Tigress asks Po in detail and really gets angry with him. When Po tells all honestly that Shen was there in the last time Po saw his parents. After that, Tigress comprehends it and instructs Po to stay in jail with master. Finally, the Five return to Shen‘s place, Po don‘t notice what his friend say. He will face Shen as not as his friends knowledge. Po meets Shen and question Shen, what he do when meet Po‘s parents because Po saw same symbol when that time. Po‘s friends in there and see Po with Shen, they help Po. Shen state that Po‘s parents didn‘t love and abandoned him and it makes Po loss his concentration then Po out of the place strike the weapon.Po healed by Soothsayer, who takes him nearby village where Po was born. Now, Po remembers what happen in him and his parents. His mother tries to protect him and hiding him in a radish crate. Po rehearses inner peace and come back to Gongmen City to help the Five. During battle, master Ox and Croc participate the battle after master Shifu disengage them. All masters try to stop Shen‘s planning to fire and destroy China. The last, only Shen and Po, Shen fire Po but Po can face it with inner peace, he catches the cannonball, next cannonball, then cannonball, he can catch all and make crushes Shen. Shen asks how Po get the inner piece even though Shen kills Po‘s parents. Po wins, and returns to the Valley of Peace and meets his dad, Mr. Ping. At the same time, Po‘s biological father still lives in far away, in hidden village with surviving pandas, and has senses that his son is alive. It will be the next session of ―Kung Fu Panda 2‖ movie that will be launch in 2015.

1.8.5.4.2 Cast The casts are: a) Jack Black as Po Liam Knight as Infant Po b) Angelina Jolie as Tigress c) Dustin Hoffman as Master Shifu d) Gary Oldman as Lord Shen e) Lucy Liu as Viper f) Seth Rogen as Mantis 21

g) David Cross as Crane h) Jackie Chan as Monkey i) James Hong as Mr. Ping j) Michelle Yeoh as Soothsayer k) Danny McBride as WolfBoss l) Dennis Haysbert as Master Storming Ox m) Jean-Claude Van Damme as Master Croc n) Victor Garbers as Master Thunderiing Rhino o) Fred Tatasciore as Po‘s Dad p) Conrad Vernon as Boar

1.9 Methodology of Research 1.9.1 The Objective of the Research The objective of the research is to find out form, dominancy particles, verbs and types then meaning of phrasal verbs that use in Kung Fu Panda 2 (2011) movie by DreamWorks Animation.

1.9.2 The Object and Time of the Research The object of the research is movie entitles Kung Fu Panda 2. DreamWorks Animation produced this movie in 2011. This is the second sequel from Kung Fu Panda. The researcher took this movie because it is interesting movie and the story is relating to family atmosphere.

1.9.3 The Method of the Research The method that the researcher selects is qualitative research. According to Ary (2010), qualitative research is seek to interpret human actions, institutions, events, customs, and the like, and in so doing they construct a ―reading‖, or portrayal of what is being studied. The researcher uses qualitative approach is to describe phrasal verb in this movie from the type and meaning. The descriptive qualitative approach means that the discussion of the study to explained phrasal verbs based on the story and the condition itself.

1.9.4 The Source of Data 22

The source of data has been taken from dialogue movie which has phrasal verbs and phrasal verb books. The researcher is needed the script for check phrasal verb. The movie is Kung Fu Panda 2 by DreamWorks Animation. DreamWorks Animation is production the animated film in United States and Jeffrey Katzenberg. DreamWorks Animation SKG, Inc. (DWA) is an American animation studio based in Glendale, California, that creates animated feature films, television programs, and online virtual worlds. They have released a total of 29 feature films, including the franchises of Shrek, Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda, Monsters vs. Aliens, and How to Train Your Dragon. Kung Fu Panda 2 movie is fascinating and all age could watch this movie.

1.9.5 The Technique of Collecting Data The technique of collecting data is using content analysis. Kothari (2004:110) states content-analysis consist of analyzing the content of documentary materials such as books, magazines, newspapers and the contents of all other verbal materials which can be either spoken or printed thorough an analysis of their communication. Ary (2010: 478) argues textbooks, essays, newspapers, novels, magazines articles, cookbooks, songs, political speeches, advertisements, picures, in fact, the contents of virtually any type of communication can be analyzed and the movie script is one of the tools for communication. Several books are as the sources, the primary source of the data gained from the dialogue of movie or script that have been discussing in this thesis and the movie was launched by DreamWorks Animation entitled Kung Fu Panda 2, this movie used in this thesis for obtaining phrasal verbs as the primary source of the data. Then the secondary data is drawn from others book or internet as the references which all the books are aimed at phrasal verb explanation.

1.9.6 The Technique of Analyzing Data The steps of analyzing data are first the researcher studied fundamental rules and characteristic of phrasal verbs, from internet and books. The researcher is using descriptive, as like Ary (2010:425) stated ―managing the large volume of descriptive data generated from interviews, observations, and the collection of documents is an important consideration in qualitative studies.‖ Then, the researcher had watched the movie several times and got understanding of the plot all through the story also to take precise phrasal verbs. As stated by Fraenkel and friends (2012:431), analyzing the data in a qualitative study essentially involves analyzing, synthesizing, and reducing the information the 23 researcher obtains from various sources (e.g. observations, interviews, documents) into a coherent description of what he or she has observed or otherwise discovered. Data was taken by watching movie and reading the transcript of Kung Fu Panda 2 movie. For making clear, here the steps of analysis are a. Transcribing In this step, the conversation in the movie was transcribed as the corpus (selected and collected the phrasal verbs) b. Sorting out the data The data (phrasal verb) were been sorted out from the corpus. Make the list all data, formed it based on alphabet and total it. c. Classifying the data The phrasal verbs were been classified, check them and divided into transitive and . d. Finding the meaning Data were been analyzed for the contextual meanings of the phrasal verb encountered in the movie then describing.