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Manual De Segurança No Trânsito Para Os Gestores E Profissionais De Saúde © 2007 Organização Pan-Americana Da Saúde – OPAS/OMS

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Manual De Segurança No Trânsito Para Os Gestores E Profissionais De Saúde © 2007 Organização Pan-Americana Da Saúde – OPAS/OMS Capacetes MANUAL DE SEGURANÇA NO TRÂNSITO PARA OS GESTORES E PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE ISBN 92 4 156299 4 Capacetes Manual de segurança no trânsito para os gestores e profissionais de saúde © 2007 Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde – OPAS/OMS Todos os direitos reservados. É permitida a reprodução total ou parcial desta obra, desde que seja citada a fonte e não seja para venda ou qualquer fim comercial. As opiniões expressas no documento por autores denominados são de sua inteira responsabilidade. Título Original: Helmets: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners Título em Protuguês: Capacetes: um manual de segurança no trânsito para os gestores e profissionais de saúde Tiragem: 1.000 exemplares Distribuição e informação: Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde – OPAS/OMS Setor de Embaixadas Norte, Lote 19 CEP: 70800-400, Brasília/DF – Brasil www.opas.org.br Produção Editorial: Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde – OPAS/OMS Equipe Técnica de Revisão: Carlos Wilson de Andrade Filho, OPAS/Brasil Deborah Carvalho Malta, DASIS/SVS/MS Eugênia Maria Rodrigues, SDE/OPS/OMS Luis Fernando Rocabado, OPAS/Brasil Mara Lúcia Carneiro Oliveira, OPAS/Brasil Marta Maria Alves da Silva, DASIS/SVS/MS Otaliba Libanio de Morais, DASIS/SVS/MS Sabrina Baiocco Silva, OPAS/Brasil Valter Chaves Costa, DASIS/SVS/MS Agradecimentos Especiais: Luiz Otávio Maciel Miranda, Detran-PA Tradução: Solange Pedroza Diagramação: All Type Assessoria Editorial Ltda Impresso no Brasil/Printed in Brazil Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo Centro de Documentação da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. Capacetes: manual de segurança no trânsito para os gestores e profissionais de saúde. / Organização Pan- Americana da Saúde; Organização Mundial da Saúde; Solange Pedroza. – Brasília : Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, 2007. 172 p : il. Título original inglês: Helmets: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practioners. ISBN 1. Capacetes – utilização. 2. Trauma Craniocerebral – prevenção e controle. 3. Desenvolvimento de Programas – métodos. 4. Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde – métodos. 5. Normas. I. Solange Pedroza. II. Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. III. Organização Mundial da Saúde. IV. Título. NLM: WL 354 Capacetes Manual de segurança no trânsito para os gestores e profissionais de saúde Dados de Catalogação da Biblioteca da OMS Organização Mundial da Saúde. Capacetes: um manual de segurança na estrada para os tomadores de decisões e profissionais. 1. Dispositivos de proteção para a cabeça - utilização 2. Trauma craniocerebral – prevenção e controle. 3. Desenvolvimento do programa – métodos 4. Avaliação do programa – métodos 5. Diretrizes I. Título ISBN 92 4 156299 4 (classificação NLM: WL 354) Citação sugerida: Capacetes: um manual de segurança na estrada para os tomadores de decisão e profissionais. Genebra, Organização Mundial da Saúde, 2006. © Organização Mundial da Saúde 2006 Todos os direitos reservados. É possível obter as publicações da Organização Mundial da Saúde no seguinte endereço WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Genebra 27, Suíça (tel: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). As solicitações de permissão para reproduzir ou traduzir as publicações da OMS – seja para venda ou distribuição não comercial – devem ser dirigidas à Assessoria de Imprensa da OMS no endereço acima, (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). As designações empregadas e a apresentação do material nesta publicação não implicam a expressão de qualquer opinião por parte da Organização Mundial da Saúde em relação à situação legal de qualquer país, território, cidade ou área ou sobre suas autoridades, delimitação de suas fronteiras ou limites. As linhas pontuadas nos mapas representam linhas de fronteira aproximadas, sobre as quais ainda não há um acordo geral. A menção de empresas específicas ou dos produtos de determinados fabricantes não implica o endosso ou a recomendação por parte da Organização Mundial da Saúde em preferência a outros de natureza semelhante que não são mencionados. Exceto por erros e omissões, o nome de produtos particulares é diferenciado por iniciais maiúsculas. A Organização Mundial da Saúde adotou todas as precauções razoáveis para verificar a informação contida nesta publicação. No entanto, o material publicado é distribuído sem qualquer tipo de garantia, explícita ou implícita. A responsabilidade pela interpretação e pelo uso do material é do leitor. Em circunstância alguma a Organização Mundial da Saúde será considerada responsável por quaisquer danos resultante da sua utilização. Desenho de Inís—www.inis.ie Ilustrações de Shaun Smith A versão em inglês foi impresso na Suíça. Capacetes: Manual de Segurança no Trânsito Índice de Conteúdo Apresentação. ix Prefácio . xi Contribuições.e.Reconhecimentos. xiii Sumário.Executivo. xv Introdução . xvii Histórico da série de manuais . xix Histórico do manual sobre capacetes . xxi 1. Por.que.os.capacetes.são.necessários?. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..1 1 1. Muitas pessoas morrem em colisões de motocicletas em todo o mundo . 3 1 1. 1. Lesões na cabeça são uma das principais causas de morte e inalidez . 4 1 .2 Um capacete protege sua cabeça . 7 1 .2 1. O mecanismo das lesões na cabeça . 7 1 .2 .2 Como funciona um capacete . 9 1 .2 .3 O projeto de um capacete de motociclista . 11 1 .3 O uso de capacete é eficaz na redução de lesões na cabeça? . 14 1 .4 Os programas para uso de capacete são eficazes em colocá-los nas cabeças . 18 Resumo . 22 Referências . 23 2. Como.avaliar.a.situação.em.seu.país . 25 2 1. Por que é preciso aaliar a situação? . 27 2 1. 1. A qualidade dos dados . 28 2 .2 Qual a extensão do problema de não uso de capacetes? . 29 2 .2 1. Qual a graidade do problema de traumatismos causados por motocicletas? . 29 Índice de Conteúdo 2 .2 .2 Qual o índice de uso de capacetes na área em consideração? . 35 2 .2 .3 Por que as pessoas não usam capacete? . 41 2 .3 Como aaliar o que já existe . 44 2 .3 1. Quem é responsáel pela segurança iária e qual a alocação de fundos para isso? . 45 2 .3 .2 Quem são os stakeholders? . 45 2 .3 .3 Há uma lei em igência sobre uso de capacete? . 47 2 .3 .4 Há um padrão aproado para capacetes? . 47 2 .3 .5 Já foram tentados programas para uso de capacetes? . 48 2 .3 .6 Como usar a aaliação da situação para priorizar as ações . 51 Resumo . 51 Referências . 52 3. Como.elaborar.e.implementar.um.programa.de.uso.de.capacete. .. .. .. .. 53 3 1. Como formar um grupo de trabalho . 57 3 1. 1. Quem enoler . 57 3 1. .2 Designação de papéis para os membros do grupo de trabalho . 59 3 .2 Como preparar um plano de ação . 61 3 .2 1. Estabelecimento dos objetios do programa . 61 3 .2 .2 Estabelecimento de metas . 63 3 .2 .3 Indicadores de desempenho . 66 3 .2 .4 Decisão quanto às atiidades . 68 3 .2 .5 Estabelecimento de um cronograma . 69 3 .2 .6 Estimatia das necessidades de recursos . 69 3 .2 .7 Estabelecimento de um mecanismo de monitoramento . 71 3 .2 .8 Garantia da sustentabilidade do programa . 72 3 .3 Como elaborar e implementar leis para o uso do capacete . 75 3 .3 1. Elaboração da lei . 75 3 .3 .2 Introdução e implementação da legislação . 77 3 .3 .3 Elaboração de um cronograma para implementação da lei . 82 3 .4 Como projetar e implementar um padrão de capacete . 83 3 .4 1. Adoção de um padrão . 83 3 .4 .2 Considerações-chae para estabelecimento de padrões . 85 3 .4 .3 Especificações gerais para capacete . 87 3 .5 Como melhorar o cumprimento da lei . 93 3 .5 1. Medidas oluntárias para melhorar o uso do capacete . 94 3 .5 .2 Medidas compulsórias para melhorar o uso do capacete . 96 3 .6 Como enoler o público . 103 3 .6 1. Seleção de uma agência para a campanha . 103 3 .6 .2 Objetios da campanha . 103 3 .6 .3 Mudança de conhecimento e atitude quanto ao uso do capacete . 104 3 .6 .4 Trabalhando com a mídia . 104 i Capacetes: Manual de Segurança no Trânsito 3 .6 .5 Criação de mensagens de campanha . 107 3 .6 .6 Estabelecimento de um cronograma de campanha . 108 3 .6 .7 Realização e aaliação da campanha . 109 3 .7 Educando os joens . 111 3 .8 Garantia de uma resposta médica apropriada . 115 Resumo . 119 Referências . 122 4. Como.avaliar.o.programa. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 123 4 1. Planejamento da aaliação . 125 4 1. 1. Objetios da aaliação . 126 4 1. .2 Tipos de aaliação . 126 4 .2 A escolha dos métodos de aaliação . 127 4 .2 1. Tipos de estudo para aaliações formatias e de processo . 128 4 .2 .2 Tipos de estudo para aaliações de impacto e de resultado . 128 4 .2 .3 Escolha dos indicadores de desempenho . 132 4 .2 .4 Condução da aaliação econômica de um programa . 133 4 .2 .5 Determinação do tamanho da amostra . 135 4 .3 Disseminação e feedback. 136 Resumo . 138 Referências . 139 Glossário.de.termos. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 141 Organizações.parceiras.na.elaboração.deste.manual. 145 ii Capacetes: Manual de Segurança no Trânsito Apresentação A Representação da OPAS/OMS no Brasil, em parceria com a Divisão de Saúde Am- biental e Desenvolvimento Sustentável –SDE do Escritório Central da Organização Pan- Americana da Saúde , apresenta a versão em português da publicação “Helmets: a road sa- fety manual for decision-makers and practitioners” – “Capacetes – um manual de segurança no trânsito para os gestores e profissionais de saúde”, cuja primeira edição foi publicada pela OMS em inglês em 2006 A publicação tem como foco promover uma orientação aos países que pretendam forta- lecer a organização da segurança no trânsito e a promoção da saúde. Ele trata de interven- ções específicas delineadas no Relatório Mundial sobre lesões causadas no trânsito que podem salvar muitas vidas e reduzir a carga de doenças relativas às lesões e mortes em todo o mundo.
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