DOCSLIB.ORG

Testing the Positional Stability of Motorcycle Helmets

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Testing the Positional Stability of Motorcycle Helmets TESTING THE POSITIONAL STABILITY OF MOTORCYCLE HELMETS Hugh H. Hurt, Jr. David R. Thorn James V. Ouellet Head Protection Research Laboratory United States Paper No. 98-SlO-P-30 ABSTRACT accident events. Accident research has shown that there is significant benefit of motorcycle helmets in Traditional motorcycle helmet performance reducing the frequency and severity of head injury. standards provide a test for the strength and stiffness Accident research also has shown that the ejection of of the retention system. While such tests assure the helmet during accident events occurs frequently, adequate strength, they do not assure that the helmet and many causes have been investigated (Gilchrist & will be retained in place on the motorcyclist’s head, Mills, 1992, Hurt, et. al., 1981, 1993, 1996, 1997, even when securely fastened. The reason is that the Mills & Ward, 1985, Newman, 1979, Otte, 1986, geometry of the retention system can allow the 1991, Snively, 1978). helmet to roll off when contact or inertial forces are As a part of research to update the FMVSS generated in a collision. Different types and styles of No. 218 (Thorn et. al., 1997, Hurt et. al., 1996) the motorcycle helmets were tested to determine the various helmet standards were collected and susceptibility to roll off, i.e. “positional stability” reviewed. A summary of the various retention system (Thorn et. al., 1997). tests is presented in Table 1, including the static and Tests were performed using two commonly dynamic tests which are supposed to provide for used, adult sizes of headforms corresponding to retention of the helmet during accident events. Actual standards of the U.S. Department of Transportation mechanical failures of retention components during (DOT) and the International Standards Organization accidents are extremely rare, and most helmet (ISO). The test results were validated by comparison ejections occur without significant damage to the with essentially identical tests on a large number of components of chin strap webbing, hangers, rivets, human subjects. The results of the human subject and buckles, or equivalent fastening devices (Hurt et tests show a meaningful relationship to the laboratory al,1981, Otte and Felten, 1985). For this reason, the test which employs a 1Okg mass dropped 60cm to test for positional stability of any motorcycle helmet jerk the helmet forward to roll off. is a critical requirement for successful protection. The geometry of the retention system has a In general, the ejection or displacement of powerful effect on the ability of the helmet to resist the helmet during motorcycle accident events is forward roll off, in both laboratory and human accountable by loose fastening of the chin strap and subject tests. Also, there is considerable difference in loose fitting of the helmet. This lack of secure fit and the retention characteristics between DOT and IS0 fastening or failure to fasten the system at all headforms, with the DOT headform more closely accounts for most of the ejections of helmets in correlating with human subject data. accidents. However, there are cases where the helmet is properly fitted and the retention system has been INTRODUCTION securely fastened, but the helmet is ejected. Of course, some of such cases occur when severe facial The retention of the motorcycle helmet in impact causes fractures of the mandible then support place on the head of the motorcyclist is absolutely for the chin strap is destroyed and any helmet can be necessary to provide the full capability for impact ejected. In many other cases, the design of the attenuation and injury prevention. When contem- retention system does not have correct geometry, porary helmet standards develop high levels of then contact and inertial forces acting on the helmet impact energy absorption in the structure of the cause the helmet to respond by rotation upon the head helmet shell and liner, all protection can be lost if the and then be ejected or significantly displaced. helmet is ejected, or significantly displaced during 2323 Table 1. Retention System Test Methods and Failure Criteria Static Dynamic Failure Criteria Positional Stability Standard I Year I Helmet Test Test Drop Number Dynamic Residual Buckle Test Test Mass Mounting Preioad Load Preload Mass Height of Tests Extension Extension Slip Type & Drop Limit FMVSS 223 N, 1335 N, 30 sec. 120 sec. One 5 25mm None 23 kg 38 kg* 120 mm One < 30mm None 225N, lllON, AS 1698 1988 Headform 30 sec. 120 sec. One < 25mm None Headform 7 kg Two Stay on BS 6658 1985 & Helmet (support 10 kg 750 mm (Strap not 1st 32mm 16mm Forward 10 kg - Head- Base assembly) tightened) 2nd 25mm 8mm Roll-Off 0.75 m form Two 1st 32mm 7 kg 10 kg 750 mm (Strapnot 2nd25mm 8mm None tightened) Total Forward E-;l 1 1995 / Headform 23 kg 38 kg* 120 mm One 5 30mm & 4.0 kg - Stay on Rearward 0.6 m Head- ASTM 1997 ’ ’ ’ ’ ‘1 F1446 (draft) ECE 22.4 1995 -c-1 1 15kgTL / 10kg /75Ommi * Preload removed “immediately prior” to test load. ** Drop mass and height to be specified by individual performance standards. * * * Measured 2 minutes after testing. The most critical mobility of any helmet is clearly justifies a rigorous standard test of helmets to rotation forward as if rolling off the head; backward prevent such defective helmet designs from being rotation can happen but does not result in complete offered to the unwary motorcyclist. ejection or significant exposure of the head. When there is forward rotation of the helmet on the head, METHODOLOGY correct geometry of the helmet interior and retention system should cause tightening of the chin strap, thus During the study of updating the present resisting further displacement. If the chin strap FMVSS No. 2 18 (Hurt et. al., 1996), several methods anchor points are located far ahead of the center of of retention system testing were investigated (Thorn helmet rotation, there is a tendency of the chin strap et. al., 1997). In addition to the evaluation of testing to loosen and rotation is not resisted, and the helmet for strength and stiffness, current methodology of may be ejected. Helmets with adverse design testing for positional stability was investigated for features, such as unfavorable locations for the chin possible incorporation into FMVSS No. 2 18. The strap anchor points, are known to have special specific elements to be included in the study were the vulnerability for ejection (Hurt, 1997, Mills & Ward, most current roll off test methodologies, the effect of 1985, Otte & Felten, 1991) headform type, and correlation with human subjects. The variations in helmet configurations The objective of the present research was to affect the mobility of the helmet, with the partial determine a minimum performance test of positional coverage helmet being the most mobile and the full stability which could be adopted as a part of updating facial coverage helmet being the least mobile. As the FMVSS No. 2 18. The suitable test procedure should helmet rotates forward on the head, the extent of provide reasonable simplicity and repeatability, and coverage affects the resistance to that motion, with would correlate well with real world performance of the obvious potential contact of the brow edge of the helmets. It was decided to use the most current helmet with the nose and eyeglass frames (if worn). procedures developed by ASTM Fog.53 committee Denting of the EPS liner at the brow edge from (ASTM, 1995) to determine the positional stability of contact with the nose and glass frame is typical protective headgear. This method of testing was evidence of the roll off motion. With the presence of adopted by the Snell Memorial Foundation for the the chin bar of the full facial coverage helmet, it is M95 motorcycle helmet standard. The test procedure typical that contact of the chin bar with the motor- involves placing the helmet on the test headform, cyclist’s chin and sternum would limit the roll off which is supported at 45 degrees inclination from the motion. In this way, the full facial coverage helmet vertical. A hook and strap are attached to the post- has an obstacle to the completion of roll off ejection. erior rim of the helmet so that a forward roll off force But the extra mobility of the partial coverage helmet can be applied there. A guide rod is attached to the may require special design considerations to resist strap and a sliding mass is allowed to drop along the roll off, e.g., a nape strap or Y-type chin strap guide rod, abruptly loading the helmet when the mass harness. In these tests with human subjects, ejection is arrested at the end of the guide rod. Figure 1 shows rates for the partial coverage helmets ranged from 50 this apparatus with a test helmet in place. The current to 89% compared to 1 or 2% for full facial coverage Snell test employs a 4kg mass dropped 6Ocm but the helmets. original ASTM draft standard employed a 1Okg mass Fortunately, there is a tried and true method dropped 60cm for all motor sports helmets. This of preventing such roll off ejection by careful present investigation conducted tests with both 4kg selection of the helmet, i.e., an “acceptance” test. It is and 1Okg masses to determine the effect on various recommended that when purchasing a helmet, the helmets. motorcyclist should try on the helmet, fasten the chin An important reference standard for strap securely, then pull up on the posterior rim of the positional stability is the British Standards Institution helmet. If the helmet displaces significantly or comes standard BS 6658 (BSI, 1985), which uses a 1Okg off, that helmet should be rejected and a different mass dropped 75cm.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 05/20/21 Dunaway, Field & Others Online Auction
    09/30/21 03:54:29 05/20/21 Dunaway, Field & Others Online Auction Auction Opens: Fri, May 14 1:00pm PT Auction Closes: Thu, May 20 5:30pm PT Lot Title Lot Title 0001 Nice Ikea Pine Dining Table w/4 Chairs 0031 Beautiful Antique Curio Cabinet Hutch 0002 4 Black Painted Log Chairs 0032 Vintage Black Finish Table 0003 Glass Top Half Round Metal Base Table 0033 Vtg. Mahogany 3-Drawer Desk w/Locking 0004 Nice Handcrafted Wood Doll House w/Furniture Cubby 0005 Pair of Vintage Artwork Prints 0034 Vtg. Solid Wood 3-Tier Console 0006 Vintage 4-Drawer Cabinet 0035 Primitive Wood Dish Rack 0007 Vintage Mahogany Tea Table 0036 Painted Wood 4 Drawer Child's Play Dresser 0008 Vintage Wood High Chair 0037 Wardrobe Mirror 0009 Vintage Gold Gilded Wood Frame Mirror 0038 7 Metal Folding Chairs 0010 Vtg. Pink Painted General Electric Radio 0039 6ft Folding Table Cabinet 0040 8 White Painted Wood 14.5" x 32" Panels 0011 Black Faux Leather Futon Sofa 0041 Painted Wood 6-Drawer Chest 0012 Black & Pink Floral Print Chaise Lounge 0042 Vtg. Steel Frame Full Headboard & Footboard 0013 Woven Basket Bassinet Carriage 0043 Wool Area Rug 0014 5 Woven Baskets & Faux Floral Arrangement 0044 White Finish Hall Tree Storage Bench 0015 Chrome Finish Rolling Laundry Hanging Cart 0045 Black Finish 4 Cubby Drop Front Cabinet 0016 Ornate Cast Iron Patio Garden Table & Chairs 0046 Like New 60" Sliding Shower Door Set 0047 Erias "K" Engineered Solid Wood Barn Door 0017 Black Finish Glass Top Patio Table & Chair Set 0048 2 Interior Accent Wall Decor Artwork 0017p 2 Black Finish Swivel Rocking Patio Chairs 0049 Vtg.
    [Show full text]
  • Manual De Segurança No Trânsito Para Os Gestores E Profissionais De Saúde © 2007 Organização Pan-Americana Da Saúde – OPAS/OMS
    Capacetes MANUAL DE SEGURANÇA NO TRÂNSITO PARA OS GESTORES E PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE ISBN 92 4 156299 4 Capacetes Manual de segurança no trânsito para os gestores e profissionais de saúde © 2007 Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde – OPAS/OMS Todos os direitos reservados. É permitida a reprodução total ou parcial desta obra, desde que seja citada a fonte e não seja para venda ou qualquer fim comercial. As opiniões expressas no documento por autores denominados são de sua inteira responsabilidade. Título Original: Helmets: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners Título em Protuguês: Capacetes: um manual de segurança no trânsito para os gestores e profissionais de saúde Tiragem: 1.000 exemplares Distribuição e informação: Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde – OPAS/OMS Setor de Embaixadas Norte, Lote 19 CEP: 70800-400, Brasília/DF – Brasil www.opas.org.br Produção Editorial: Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde – OPAS/OMS Equipe Técnica de Revisão: Carlos Wilson de Andrade Filho, OPAS/Brasil Deborah Carvalho Malta, DASIS/SVS/MS Eugênia Maria Rodrigues, SDE/OPS/OMS Luis Fernando Rocabado, OPAS/Brasil Mara Lúcia Carneiro Oliveira, OPAS/Brasil Marta Maria Alves da Silva, DASIS/SVS/MS Otaliba Libanio de Morais, DASIS/SVS/MS Sabrina Baiocco Silva, OPAS/Brasil Valter Chaves Costa, DASIS/SVS/MS Agradecimentos Especiais: Luiz Otávio Maciel Miranda, Detran-PA Tradução: Solange Pedroza Diagramação: All Type Assessoria Editorial Ltda Impresso no Brasil/Printed in Brazil Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo Centro de Documentação da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. Capacetes: manual de segurança no trânsito para os gestores e profissionais de saúde.
    [Show full text]
  • FY 2015 Annual Report
    REPORT OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES Fiscal Year 2014-2015 USF Research & Innovation University of South Florida USF Research & Innovation University of South Florida 3702 Spectrum Blvd, Suite 165 Tampa, Florida 33612-9445 Phone: 813-974-5570 Fax: 813-974-4962 Email: [email protected] This document is also available on the USF Office of Research Web site at www.research.usf.edu UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA RESEARCH & INNOVATION REPORT OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES FISCAL YEAR 2014/2015 SECTION 1 CONTACTS 1 2 CONTACT INFORMATION USF Research & Innovation USF System Office of the Senior Vice President Fiscal Year 2014-2015 Sanberg, Paul R. [email protected] (813) 974-5570 USF System Senior Vice President for Research, Innovation & Economic Development Sarkar, Sudeep [email protected] (813) 974-5570 Associate Vice President for Research & Innovation Steele, Martin [email protected] (813) 974-2343 Associate Vice President for Veterans Research Hendrix, Rhonda [email protected] (813) 974-5554 Chief Operating Officer & Director Central Services McLaughlin, Mark [email protected] (813) 974-8124 Assistant Budget Director Lowry, Judy [email protected] (813) 974-3181 Director Outreach & Engagement Sponsored Research and Research Financial Management Puig, Rebecca [email protected] (813) 974-5465 Associate Vice President for Research & Innovation Anderson, Keith [email protected] (813) 974-6329 Director Sponsored Research 3 Research Technologies Skinner, Rick [email protected] (813) 974-5569 Director Shaheen, Omar [email protected] (813) 974-1303 Assistant Director
    [Show full text]
  • Motorcycle Helmet Effectiveness Revisited
    U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration DOT HS 809-715 March 2004 Technical Report Motorcycle Helmet Effectiveness Revisited National Center for Statistics and Analysis This publication is distributed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. If trade or manufacturers’ names are mentioned, it is only because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. DOT HS 809 715 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Motorcycle Helmet Effectiveness Revisited March, 2004 6. Performing Organization Code NPO-101 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. William Deutermann 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)n code Mathematical Analysis Division, National Center for Statistics and Analysis National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 11. Contract of Grant No. US Department of Transportation NPO-101, 400 Seventh Street S.W. Washington, DC 20590 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Mathematical Analysis Division, National Center for Statistics and NHTSA Technical Report Analysis National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 14.
    [Show full text]
  • Motorcycle Safety
    Motorcycle Safety According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), per vehicle mile traveled, motorcyclists are more than 30 times more likely to die in a crash than occupants of cars, and five times more likely to be injured. Safe motorcycling takes balance, coordination and good judgment. Tips for motorcyclists ► Wear protective gear at all times, including a U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) compliant helmet. Look for the DOT symbol on the outside back of the helmet. ► Choose brightly colored clothing to make yourself more visible. If you wear dark clothing, wear a reflective vest. ► To be easily seen by other drivers, turn headlights on, even in daylight hours. ► When riding at night, wear only clear eye protection (not tinted), and keep it clean and free of scratches. ► Never ride while impaired by drugs or alcohol. ► Ride within your own skill limits. ► Obey all traffic laws and ride with the flow of traffic ► Leave plenty of room between your bike and other vehicles. Your stopping distance may be increased if you have a passenger or heavy bundle. ► Get trained and licensed. For information on Kentucky’s Motorcycle Rider Education Course, call 1-800-396-3234 or visit www.kytc.ky.gov/drlic/motorcycle/kmrep.htm Kentucky’s motorcycle helmet law Kentucky first enacted a motorcycle helmet law for all riders in 1968. This law was amended in July 1998 to require helmet use only by: Motorcycle operators and passengers under the age of 21; Motorcycle operators who possess a motorcycle instruction permit; Motorcycle operators who have had an operator’s license for less than one year.
    [Show full text]
  • GURPS+-+4Th+Edition+-+High-Tech
    Written by SHAWN FISHER, MICHAEL HURST, and HANS-CHRISTIAN VORTISCH Additional Material by DAVID L. PULVER, SEAN PUNCH, GENE SEABOLT, and WILLIAM H. STODDARD Edited by SEAN PUNCH Cover Art by ABRAR AJMAL and BOB STEVLIC Illustrated by BRENT CHUMLEY, IGOR FIORENTINI, NATHAN GEPPERT, BRENDAN KEOUGH, and BOB STEVLIC ISBN 978-1-55634-770-2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 STEVE JACKSON GAMES 5. WEAPONRY. 78 FIREARMS . .78 Dirty Tech: Full-Auto Conversions . 79 How to Treat Your Gun . 79 CONTENTS Drawing Your Weapon . 81 Immediate Action. 81 INTRODUCTION . 4 PERSONAL DEVICES AND Shooting. 82 Publication History. 4 CONSUMER GOODS . 30 Reloading Your Gun . 86 About the Authors. 4 Personal Accessories. 31 Careful Loading . 86 Appliances . 32 Black-Powder Fouling . 86 1. THE EQUIPMENT AGE . 5 Foodstuffs . 33 Air Guns . 88 Ranged Electric Stunners . 89 TIMELINE . 6 Luxuries . 34 TL5: The Industrial Revolution . 6 Non-Repeating Pistols . 90 COMMUNICATIONS . 35 Revolvers . 92 TL6: The Mechanized Age . 6 Mail and Freight . 35 TL7: The Nuclear Age. 6 Dirty Tech: Improvised Guns . 92 Telegraph . 36 Semiautomatic Pistols . 97 TL8: The Digital Age . 6 Telephone. 36 Dirty Tech . 6 Automatic Revolver . 97 Radio . 37 Disguised Firearms . 98 BUYING EQUIPMENT . 7 Radio in Use. 38 Rocket Pistol. 99 You Get What You Pay For . 7 Other Communications . 40 Shotguns . 103 The Black Market . 7 MEDIA . 40 Muskets and Rifles . 107 New Perk: Equipment Bond . 7 Audio Storage, Recording, Drilling . 108 Legality and Antiques. 8 and Playback . 40 Minié Balls . 109 WEAR AND CARE . 9 Video Storage, Recording, The Kalashnikov .
    [Show full text]
  • Motorcycle Helmet Use Laws
    Traffic Safety Facts Laws March 2005 Motorcycle Helmet Use Laws Background ■ Per mile traveled in 2003, a torcycle helmets does not restrict motorcyclist is approximately a rider’s ability to hear auditory Motorcycle helmets provide the 32 times more likely to die in a signals or see a vehicle in an ad- best protection from head injury crash than someone riding in jacent lane. for motorcyclists involved in traffic an automobile. crashes. The passage of helmet use ■ All motorcycle helmets sold in laws governing all motorcycle rid- ■ Head injury is a leading cause of the United States are required ers is the most effective method of death in motorcycle crashes. to meet Federal Motor Vehicle increasing helmet use. The National ■ NHTSA estimates that motorcy- Safety Standard 218, which es- Highway Traffic Safety Administra- cle helmets reduce the likelihood tablished the minimum level of tion (NHTSA) encourages States of a crash fatality by 37 percent. protection helmets must afford to enact legislation that requires all each user. motorcycle riders to wear helmets. ■ A Crash Outcome Data Evalu- ■ Additionally, NHTSA strongly sup- ation System (CODES) study Helmet use laws governing all ports comprehensive motorcycle found that motorcycle helmets motorcycle riders (universal hel- safety programs that include motor- are 67 percent effective in pre- met laws) significantly increase cycle helmet usage, rider education, venting brain injuries and that un- helmet use and are easily en- motorcycle operator licensing, and helmeted motorcyclists involved forced because of the riders’ responsible use of alcohol. in crashes were three times more high visibility. likely to suffer brain injuries than ■ Repeal of State universal helmet Key Facts those wearing helmets.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Motorcycle Helmet Use in Fatal Crashes
    DOT HS 811 011 August 2008 An Analysis of Motorcycle Helmet Use In Fatal Crashes This document is available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161 This publication is distributed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. If trade or manufacturers’ names are mentioned, it is only because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. DOT HS 811 011 5. Report Date 4. Title and Subtitle August 2008 6. Performing Organization Code An Analysis of Motorcycle Helmet Use in Fatal Crashes NVS-421 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Timothy M. Pickrell and Marc Starnes 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)n code National Center for Statistics and Analysis National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 11. Contract of Grant No. U.S. Department of Transportation 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE. Washington, DC 20590 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered National Center for Statistics and Analysis NHTSA Technical Report National Highway Traffic Safety Administration U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Standard for Protective Headgear
    2010 STANDARD FOR PROTECTIVE HEADGEAR For Use with Motorcycles Snell Memorial Foundation, Inc. and Other Motorized Vehicles 3628 Madison Avenue, Suite 11 North Highlands, CA 95660 (916) 331-5073 Fax (916) 331-0359 e-mail: [email protected] www.smf.org The Snell Memorial Foundation, Inc. Shortly after William “Pete” Snell died of massive head injuries received during an automotive racing accident, his friends and associates formed the Snell Memorial Foundation. The goals of the Foundation were to investigate and understand the mechanisms of head injury and to encourage the develop- The Snell Memorial Foundation Incorporated, as a Not-For-Profit ment of truly protective helmets for use in automotive sports. The Snell Memorial Foundation is a not-for-profit organization incorporated organization under IRS section 501(C)(3), has registered in its Articles in 1957 under the laws of the State of California. It exists solely for the purpose of of Incorporation with the State of California the following purpose: engaging in scientific and educational activities promoting the safety, well-being The Purposes of this Foundation are solely and exclusively scientific, and comfort of persons engaged in any type of travel or vehicular transportation. educational and charitable and specifically to aid, help, promote and Today, the Snell Memorial Foundation tests various kinds of helmets and insure the life, safety, well-being and comfort of persons participating certifies them for use in prescribed activities. It currently publishes standards for in or about any type of travel or vehicular transportation; to investigate, protective headgear for use in automotive racing, karting, motorcycling, bicy- cling, non-motorized sports, harness racing and equestrian sports, competitive develop, approve and publicize any and all articles which may possibly skiing and skiing and snowboarding.
    [Show full text]
  • Cascos: Manual De Seguridad Vial Para Decisores Y Profesionales Washington, DC: OPS, © 2008
    Publicación Cientí ca y Técnica No. 628 Cascos MANUAL DE SEGURIDAD VIAL PARA DECISORES Y PROFESIONALES buenas prácticas Publicación Científica y Técnica No. 628 Cascos Manual de seguridad vial para decisores y profesionales Edición original en inglés (2006): Helmets: A road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners ISBN 92 4 156299 4 ©World Health Organization Biblioteca Sede OPS – Catalogación en la fuente Organización Panamericana de la Salud Cascos: Manual de seguridad vial para decisores y profesionales Washington, DC: OPS, © 2008. ISBN 978 92 75 31628 3 1. Dispositivos de protección de la cabeza – uso 2. Traumatismos craneales – prevención y tratamiento 3. Elaboración de programas – métodos 4. Evaluación de programas – métodos 5. Directrices 1. Título NLM: WL 354 La Organización Panamericana de la Salud dará consideración muy favorable a las solicitudes de autori- zación para reproducir o traducir, íntegramente o en parte, alguna de sus publicaciones. Las solicitudes y las peticiones de información deberán dirigirse al Área de Publicaciones, Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Washington, DC, Estados Unidos de América, que tendrá sumo gusto en proporcionar la información más reciente sobre cambios introducidos en la obra, planes de reedición, y reimpresiones y traducciones ya disponibles. © Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2008 Las publicaciones de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud están acogidas a la protección prevista por las disposiciones sobre reproducción de originales del Protocolo 2 de la Convención Universal sobre Derecho de Autor. Reservados todos los derechos. Las denominaciones empleadas en esta publicación y la forma en que aparecen presentados los datos que contiene no implican, por parte de la Secretaría de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de países, territorios, ciudades o zonas, o de sus autoridades, ni respecto del trazado de sus fronteras o límites.
    [Show full text]
  • Langley (British Columbia, Canada) SELLER MANAGED Moving Online Auction - 198B Street
    09/23/21 06:17:12 Langley (British Columbia, Canada) SELLER MANAGED Moving Online Auction - 198B Street Auction Opens: Fri, Jul 6 5:00pm PT Auction Closes: Thu, Jul 12 9:00pm PT Lot Title Lot Title 0001 Mexican Siesta LoungerGreat Man-Cave 0029 Motorcycle Jacket Furniture! 0030 Nordica Ski Boots 0002 Mexican Siesta Oversized ChairsGreat Man- 0031 Sporting Equipment Cave Furniture! 0032 Antique Single Blade Skates 0003 Oak Computer Desk 0033 Men's Loblan Cowboy Boots 0004 Vintage Teak Expandable Table 0034 Camping Lamp and Fishing Reels 0005 Glass Wear and Decor 0035 Hockey Bag - New 0006 Glass Wear, Steins, Coaster 0036 New Nike Wheeled Back pack & sports bags 0007 Books 0037 Vintage Brass & Wood Wall Clock 0008 Coffee Table/ Collector Series Cookbooks 0038 Modern pendulum wall clock 0009 Vintage Solid Wood Queen Size Headboard and Frame 0039 Vintage Brass & Glass Desk Lamp 0010 Vintage Solid Wood End Tables (2) 0040 Samsung VHS/DVD and bonus VHS tapes 0011 Vintage Solid Wood High Boy Dresser 0041 Original Sony Play Station One 0012 Vintage Solid Wood Dresser with Mirro 0042 Vintage Atari XE Gaming set - Complete in box 0013 Rolling Wooden Chopping Block Cart 0043 5 New Carved Design Leather Belts 0014 Large Bird Cage on Wheels 0044 Office & Computer Supplies 0015 Air Conditioner 0045 Variety of Computer and Electrical Cables 0016 Professional Garment Steamer 0046 Vintage Cameras 0017 Large box of Books 0047 Vintage Collapsible Polaroid Camera 0018 Large suitcase, heavy duty computer travel bag, 0048 Marine Radio, Receiver, and Portable CD Player etc. 0049 Sony Boom Box, Radio Alarm Clock, Auto 0019 Canon Pixma - Scanner, Printer, Copier CD/MP3 Player 0020 Canon Pixma Printer Copier 0050 Variety of Vintage Cigar Boxes, Candles, Cards 0021 Computer Accessories incl.
    [Show full text]
  • A Helmet for ATV Operators with Fireline Duties Mary Ann Davies, Project Leader
    United States Department of Agriculture Fire Forest Service Technology & Development Program December 2006 5100 0651–2350P–MTDC A Helmet for ATV Operators With Fireline Duties Mary Ann Davies, Project Leader ll-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are commonly used while lighting prescribed fires and fighting wildland fires. AAAlthough the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service requires ATV operators to wear motorcycle helmets orest Service employees are required to (figure 1), the foam liners could melt if exposed to high • F wear motorcycle helmets when TVs). temperatures. The Missoula Technology and Development operating all-terrain vehicles (A ve foam liners Center (MTDC) was asked to find a helmet that would meet • Motorcycle helmets ha that are not designed for the high safety requirements for ATV operators working in a fire temperatures that could be experienced environment. vironment. in a re en The Forest Service Health and Safety Code Handbook • ATV operators conducted eld tests of (FSH 6709.11) specifies helmet standards for ATV operators helmets with Nomex liners. • The helmets are suitable for operating and personnel working on the fireline. ATV operators are ut work ATVs in a re environment, b required to wear a three-quarter or full-face motorcycle oice-activated is needed to adapt v helmet that meets U.S. Department of Transportation radios for the helmets. (DOT), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), or Snell Memorial Foundation (SMF) standards. Firefighting Figure 1—Firefighters working on the fireline with ATVs. For additional information, contact: Mary Ann Davies, project leader; USDA Forest Service, MTDC; 5785 Hwy. 10 West; Missoula, MT 59808–9361.
    [Show full text]