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Supermassive Black Hole Activity in the Cosmic Evolution Survey Supermassive Black Hole Activity in the Cosmic Evolution Survey Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Trump, Jonathan Russell Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 11/10/2021 08:07:30 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194982 SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE ACTIVITY IN THE COSMIC EVOLUTION SURVEY by Jonathan Russell Trump A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2010 2 The University of Arizona Graduate College As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dis- sertation prepared by Jonathan Russell Trump entitled Supermassive Black Hole Activity in the Cosmic Evolution Survey and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date: 16 April 2010 Christopher D. Impey Date: 16 April 2010 Romeel Dav´e Date: 16 April 2010 Richard F. Green Date: 16 April 2010 Dennis Zaritsky Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. Date: 16 April 2010 Dissertation Director: Christopher D. Impey 3 Statement By Author This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. Signed: Jonathan Russell Trump 4 Acknowledgments I leaned on and learned from a lot of people on the way to my Ph.D., and I’d like to use this space to formally thank them. First, I’d like to thank my parents. I was always lucky to come from a supportive family which highly valued education and encouraged me to succeed. I never lacked for educational opportunities, with my parents offering everything from financial support for academic competitions in high school and college to an always-interested ear throughout my pursuits. I thank them most for their patience: I’ve been in school for 22 straight years, and I think my parents showed a tremendous amount of faith in me to remain so supportive throughout the myriad missteps and dead-ends in such a long path. I’m simply a better human being from their influence, and for that, I am truly thankful. I’d also like to thank all the teachers and mentors of my “formative” years, when I didn’t know starlight from satellites and quasars were just another twinkle in the sky. I owe a great deal to Mr. Moyer, who taught me that everyone has a great talent just waiting to be recognized (and he was somehow able to recognize this in 10-year-olds). I want to thank Mr. Dietrich, who really set me on the path of my first true research projects and taught me about the pride and success that comes from hard work. I’d especially like to thank my uncle, the late Frank Schweingruber, whose contagious enthusiasm led me to love the physics of the universe. I still vividly recall the boundless enthusiasm of my Uncle Frank as he mentored me in designing my senior project in high school: a double-slit experiment demonstrating the wave- particle duality of light. I want to thank my professors at Penn State, especially those who taught me what it is to be an astronomer. Jane Charlton and Caryl Gronwall gave me much- needed advice when it came to choosing a graduate school, and with Niel Brandt, Mike Eracleous, Chris Palma, Larry Ramsey, and Steinn Sigurdsson showed an enthusiasm for astronomy that I can only hope to match. I also want to thank my undergraduate advisor Don Schneider and Gordon Richards (at the time, Don’s postdoc). They gave me a comfortable introduction to the large survey AGN science that I eventually pursued for my thesis (and will continue for as a postdoc). And they were also bold enough to hand a significant project to a fresh-faced student with a lot to learn: with their help, my undergraduate research resulted in a widely cited published paper. Making your student’s research well-known is surely the greatest gift than an advisor can give. It’s also important to me to recognize those friends who encouraged me in my education and research, and made academic life much easier. I’ll start with Amy and Andrew, two of my oldest friends, because it’s friends like these that help you realize it’s perfectly natural to love science. I’d like to thank my study partners and fellow stargazers in college: Shoe, Kimbo, Bragg, Sloan, and Danimal; Nate, Nate, and Seltzer; Rick, Eric, Adam, and Dave. Joe and Megan certainly showed 5 me that it’s far easier to learn with partners like them by your side. Brooklyn, Ben Opp, Jerry, Brandon, Iva, Maggie, the Stephs, James, Suz, Coley, and Boz all made Tucson an easy place to live and work. The Steward Mug Club was the ultimate blessing, because with Brandon, Nopey, and my heterolifemate Aleks as both best friends and my colleagues, the frustrations of graduate school are no more distressing than an empty 25-oz mug. And special thanks go to my brother Ben, who’s always been a far better listener than I, and showed it constantly through my trials even as our lives led us so far apart. I want to thank my partner, Lindsay, for her patience and support through the inevitable stresses of a thesis. Ultimately, this thesis is the product of collaboration with many colleagues. Nick Scoville made the Cosmic Evolution Survey an easy place for a graduate student to succeed, always ensuring that I was comfortable and had a large suite of scientific real estate to explore. Martin Elvis was consistently my go-to pundit when I needed a quasar expert, and originally suggested several of the research paths pursued in this work. I’d like to thank Pat McCarthy for teaching me how to observe, and the staffs at the Magellan and MMT telescopes for making my observations painless. (I should also thank the Chilean weather, with only one night lost over 20 nights of observing.) Knud Jahnke, Anton Koekemoer, Marcella Brusa, Andrea Comastri, Francesca Civano, Patrick Shopbell, and Mara Salvato also helped with guidance and countless discussions. I want to thank Yoshi Taniguchi, Tohru Nagao, and their students at Ehime University for making Matsuyama, Japan like a second home to me while I worked there on research visits. My research was also reliant on financial support from an ARCS fellowship, a NSF/JSPS summer fellowship, NSF/DDEP grant #0943995, NSF grant #NNX08AJ28G, and NASA grant HST-GO-09822. I owe a great deal to my graduate advisor, Chris Impey. I first began this research after Chris sent an email to all students in the department explaining that he needed someone to go observing in Chile. A trip to South America sounded pretty good to me, and five and a half years later I’ve been observing in Chile four times, plus three trips to Japan, two to China, and an observing run in Hawaii. All this because Chris encouraged me to write ambitious proposals, and then had the patience to help mold them into success. And whenever Chris felt he lacked the expertise on an issue, he made sure to send me to a conference full of experts. Chris was patient, but also knew how to push me when I needed that extra motivation. I hope that some day I can give my students all that Chris has given me in my graduate career. Thanks also go to Sandy Faber, David Koo, and Raja Guhathakurta... because it’s far easier to write and defend a thesis when you have an excellent postdoc job waiting for you in Santa Cruz. 6 Dedication For Frank Schweingruber, who taught me that the universe is a beautiful and fasci- nating subject of study. 7 Table of Contents List of Figures ............................... 9 List of Tables ................................ 11 Abstract ................................... 12 Chapter 1 Introduction ........................... 14 Chapter 2 The COSMOS AGN Spectroscopic Survey: XMM Coun- terparts .................................... 20 2.1 ChapterIntroduction. 20 2.2 Observations................................ 25 2.2.1 XMM-Newton........................... 25 2.2.2 Magellan/IMACS. 26 2.2.3 MMT/Hectospec ......................... 36 2.2.4 SDSS................................ 40 2.3 SpectralAnalysis ............................. 40 2.3.1 AGNClassification . 41 2.3.2 AGN, Starbursts, and Quiescent Galaxies . 90 2.4 Completeness ............................... 95 2.4.1 X-rayFluxLimit ......................... 96 2.4.2 OpticalFluxLimit . .. .. 96 2.4.3 Redshift-Dependent Completeness . 98 2.4.4 Characterizing the Low-Confidence Targets . 103 2.5 Discussion .................................106 2.5.1 Demographics.
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