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Home , 16 Cephei, 3C 321, Cosmic Evolution Survey, Cosmos 1, HIP 56948, IC 1295

Astronomy Magazine Article Title Index

10 rising of , 8:60–8:63 1.5 million revealed, 3:41–3:43 185 million before the dinosaurs’ demise, did an asteroid nearly end life on ?, 4:34–4:39

A Aligned aurorae, 8:27 All about the Veil , 6:56–6:61 Amateur astronomy’s greatest generation, 8:68–8:71 Amateurs see fireballs from U.S. satellite kill, 7:24 Another Earth, 6:13 Another super-Earth discovered, 9:21 Antares gang, The, 7:18 Antimatter traced, 5:23 Are big-planet systems uncommon?, 10:23 Are super-sized the new frontier?, 11:26–11:31 Are these space rocks from Mercury?, 11:32–11:37 Are we done yet?, 4:14 Are we looking for life in the right places?, 7:28–7:33 Ask the aliens, 3:12 Asteroid sleuths find the dino killer, 1:20 Astro-humiliation, 10:14 Astroimaging over ancient Greece, 12:64–12:69 rescue rocket revs up, 11:22 Astronomers spy a giant particle accelerator in the sky, 5:21 Astronomers unearth a ’s death secrets, 10:18 Astronomers witness alien star flip-out, 6:27 Astronomy magazine’s first 35 years, 8:supplement Astronomy’s guide to Go-to telescopes, 10:supplement Auroral storm trigger confirmed, 11:18

B Backstage at Astronomy, 8:76–8:82 Basking in the , 5:16 Biggest planet’s 5 deepest mysteries, The, 1:38–1:43 Binary pulsar test affirms relativity, 10:21 Binocular Telescope snaps first image, 6:21 Black hole sets a record, 2:20 Black holes wind up arms, 9:19 Brightest discovered, 12:23

C Calling all space probes, 10:64–10:65 Calling on Cassiopeia, 11:76 Canada to launch new asteroid hunter, 11:19 Canada’s handy robot, 1:24 Cannibal next door, The, 3:38 Capture images of our local star, 4:66–4:67 Cassini confirms Titan lakes, 12:27 Cassini scopes Saturn’s two-toned , 1:25 Cassini “tastes” Enceladus’ plumes, 7:26 ’ fall delights, 10:85 Choose the dome that’s right for you, 5:70–5:71 Clearing the air about seeing vs. transparency, 11:75 Cluster crash-up reveals dark matter, 12:26 Comet Hale-Bopp still going strong, 7:25 Coming solar superstorm, The, 9:34–9:39 Cool blue to hot stars, 10:12–10:13 Cool stuff for a hot ride, 9:20 Could changing channels tune into alien civilizations?, 5:38–5:43 Crystal Palace, A, 1:16–1:17 Arm flexes its muscle, 9:68

D Dark reserve, 1:25 Darkest sky under the stars, The, 2:64–2:65 Day the Sun crawled, The, 11:14–11:15 “Death star” blasts neighboring galaxy, 4:23 Defect or discovery?, 12:18–12:19 Did ancient astronomers build Stonehenge?, 7:52–7:57 Did molecules from space seed life in the cosmos?, 4:50–4:55 Discover 10 top delights, 9:60–9:63 Distant galaxy gets a weigh-in, 1:26 Distant gamma-ray burst sets a record, 5:20 Do cosmic flashes reveal secrets of the infant ?, 6:34–6:39 Dogging Apophis, 6:25

E Earth flybys reveal mystery speed change, 6:20 Earth impacts at a glance, 1:60–1:61 Earth through alien eyes, 5:23 Earth-forming stars are common in the Milky Way, 6:18 Earth’s troubled adolescence, 5:32–5:37 Easy imaging with the DSI III, 9:64–9:65 Enceladus jets form deep in fractures, 12:23 Encyclopedia galactica, 3:45–3:51 Entire Moon is within reach, 10:26 Europe’s space revolution, 9:28–9:33 Explore Jupiter’s , 2:56–2:57 Explore the southern Milky Way’s dark clouds, 9:54–9:57 Exploring a Messier line-up, 8:18 Exploring galaxy evolution, 3:16 Exploring Iapetus’ dark side, 3:60–3:63 Eyepiece ABCs, 1:78 Eyewitness to : A personal memoir, 12:20

F Find your way through the summer sky, 7:70–7:71 First light for Palomar’s new optics, 1:26 Found: the ’s oldest rocks, 7:25

G Galactic mergers in cyberspace, 3:30–3:31 Galactic mistaken identity corrected, 10:20 Galaxies on fire, 3:64–3:69 Get a head start on the Hydra, 4:18 Get ready for summer’s total solar eclipse, 7:66–7:69 Giant stars may have little helpers, 6:24 GLOBE at Night 2008, 8:27 Going the distance, 1:25 Google me to the Moon, 6:25 Great round-up, The, 3:20

H Harmony arrives at space station, 2:17 Hide-and-seek galaxy surprises astronomers, 4:23 High-tech skin keeps satellites cool, 12:28 Hinode captures solar “fountains”, 8:27 How astronomers cracked the Einstein code, 9:22–9:27 How comets shaped history, 2:23–2:27 How historic observatories will survive, 4:62–4:63 How life could thrive on hostile worlds, 12:54–12:59 How scientists discovered a solar system “superhighway”/nl, 11:38–11:43 How the Milky Way devours its neighbors, 3:34–3:39 How the Sun will die, 12:38–12:43 How to find a Space Needle in a haystack, 4:20–4:21 How to observe artificial satellites, 6:74 How to observe dark nebulae, 5:64–5:67 How to observe the Sun, 4:64–4:65 How to shoot stars with a webcam, 11:68–11:71 How to take a black hole’s temperature, 12:24 How we junked up outer space, 6:40–6:43 How we’ll fix Hubble, 10:28–10:33 Hubble captures little spot’s demise, 11:22 Hubble finds most distant galaxies yet, 11:19 Hubble gazes at red alien sunsets and “star spots”, 4:22 Hubble identifies ’s methane, 6:22 Hubble identifies weird “blue blobs”, 5:22 Hubble images interstellar ribbon, 10:24 Hubble peers into a Milky Way starburst, 2:16 Hubble spies Comet Holmes’ heart, 3:18 Hubble uncovers white-dwarf age paradox, 10:20 Hubble’s rising odometer, 12:28

I IAU names a new plutoid, 11:16 India goes to the Moon, 8:26 Inside Arizona’s meteorite treasure chest, 10:80–10:82 Inside Earth’s magnetic shield, 11:52–11:53 Inside NASA’s Deep , 5:56–5:61 Intense storm triggers Saturn lightning, 8:22 Internal heat drives Jupiter’s weather, 5:21 Is the brightest star of all?, 11:24 Is there a rover in Hebes Chasma’s future?, 8:24 Is there an end to cosmology?, 8:28–8:29 It’s a Wonderful Star, 12:76

J Journey to the heart of the Milky Way, 2:28–2:33 Jupiter’s new spot, 9:14

K King’s astronomer, The, 8:16

L Life and death of super , The, 7:34–7:39 Little meteors pack a big punch, 5:24 Longer-lived oceans on Venus?, 1:27 Lunar crater is older and possibly icier, 12:24

M Magic canvas, The, 9:11 Marinating the news, 7:14 Mars: colder and stiffer inside, 9:20 Mars’ dynamic, icy past, 9:18 Mars Express sees martian “landfill”, 2:17 Mars likely had water, 4:26 Mars shows its shady side, 5:24 Martian probe witnesses avalanches, 6:16 Master the art of wide-field imaging, 6:66–6:69 Meade’s LX90-ACF eliminates coma, 12:70–12:71 Meade’s mySKY teaches you the stars, 2:66–2:67 Meet the colorful Gemini twins, 2:70 Meet the cosmic Cheshire Cat, 10:25 Mercury reveals its hidden side, 5:26–5:31 Merging galaxies come closer to home, 9:16 MESSENGER reveals Mercury’s volcanic past, 10:22 Meteors rock Phobos, 9:48–9:49 Milky Way disarmed, 9:21 Milky Way’s youngest , The, 9:18 Moon clock, 5:23 Moon had water--lots of it, 10:24 MRO finds new signs of a wet early Mars, 11:16

N Naked-eye denizens of the galactic deep, 9:12–9:13 NASA budget woes spare Spirit rover, 6:22 NASA’s lunar sandbox, 6:25 NASA’s new gamma-ray eye in the sky, 6:20 NASA’S Phoenix digs Mars, 9:50–9:53 New findings help explain two-faced Mars, 10:21 New greenhouse solution keeps early Earth warm, 10:26 New ocean eye in orbit, 10:26 New periodic comet found, 1:23 New pictures from old plates, 1:70–1:73 New radio telescope opens for business, 1:26 New space molecule, 7:25 New spin on Moon’s birth, 2:18 New Spitzer mosaic unveils galaxy’s heart, 9:14 New technique peers into dark space clouds, 6:25 North Korea’s phantom space program, 2:20 Northern sky’s top 10 galaxies, The, 11:58–11:61 NTT refines distance to key yardstick stars, 6:23

O Observe celestial odd couples, 1:64–1:67 Observe winter’s forgotten star clusters, 2:60–2:63 Observing the way it was meant to be, 7:62–7:65 Obsession’s new 18-inch scope, 4:68–4:69 harbors a black hole, 7:22 On the trail of ’s heavy sibling, 2:34–2:39 capsule prepared for short test flights, 7:23 Orion’s new binocular telescope tested, 3:72–3:73 Orion’s phantom loop, part 1, 2:14–2:15 Orion’s phantom loop, part 2, 3:14–3:15 Other dimensions, 2:12 Our galaxy’s date with destruction, 6:28–6:33

P Peruse the Water Snake’s other half, 5:74 Phoenix powers down, 5:22 Piece of π, A, 11:12 Pit and the Pendulum, The, 10:16–10:17 Pitch from space, A, 8:27 Plenty of nothing, 12:16 Pulsar push, 1:25

Q Quark explains record-breaking blasts, 9:20 Quest for the first galaxies, 3:22–3:27

R Radar maps Moon’s south pole in detail, 6:19 Readers report, 6:14–6:15 Reap the awards of amateur astronomy, 4:16 Recipe for a great comet, 2:25 Remembering 2007’s comet double feature, 5:18–5:19 Riding fireballs, 9:16 Ringed planet may have ringed moon, 6:27 Rocket pad for rent, 12:28 Rotating radio star mystery solved, 4:26 Runaway star is not from our neighborhood, 6:25

S Saturn revolution, 10:34–10:39 Saturn’s rings carry extra weight, 1:22 Scientists unearth ancient impact’s secrets, 12:32–12:37 SDSS III begins, 12:28 Searching for the shape of the universe, 4:28–4:33 Seasons change on Neptune, 1:24 See double tonight, 3:74 See the final shuttle fireball, 10:22 See the red star round-up, 10:84 SELENE beams back lunar HDTV, 7:26 Servicing Hubble, 5:23 Sharpest snapshots ever of ’s tiny moons, 2:21 Shortlist for TMT site announced, 9:20 Shuttle legacy, 10:26 Signposts of the sky, 7:16 Six-wheelin’ with NASA’s Moon truck, 7:27 Sky testing Orion’s 102mm f/7 ED, 10:78–10:79 Small galaxies weigh plenty, 8:25 Soap bubbles hint at stormy processes, 8:22 Space Age anniversary, 1:25 Space station robot helpmate goes to work, 6:25 Space-bound robot dives under icy Wisconsin lake, 6:23 Spitzer finds organic-free zone in , 11:23 Spitzer snaps dusty family portrait, 12:20 Spitzer witnesses cosmic ice storm, 1:27 Spot spring’s 11 best globular clusters, 4:58–4:61 Spots and flares mapped on Sun-like star, 4:25 Staring contest, 8:14 Stars born in the boondocks, 8:23 Stars form in a galaxy’s “tail”, 1:27 Stars found ripe to make planets, 1:22 Stars on the Sun, 9:36 Studies reveal stony asteroid surprise, 6:24 Study explains meteorite origins, 12:20 Sure bet for observing fun, A, 9:67 Surf the skies, 2:68 Surprises from Comet Wild 2, 5:23 Swim the southern sea, 12:14–12:15

T Take a small tour of the Big Dog, 3:76 Take the tour, 11:19 Taking Venus by storm, 10:66–10:71 Tele Vue’s new eyepiece field tested, 5:68–5:69 Through alien eyes, 11:19 Titan may sport a subsurface sea, 6:22 Top 10 discoveries of the last 35 years, 8:36–8:43 Top 10 space stories of 2007, 1:28–1:37 Tour the sky with a small scope, 6:71 Tour two more clusters in Taurus, 1:80 Transform telescope trash into treasure, 5:72 Twelve months of strangeness, 1:14 Twin stars show surprising differences, 10:26

U Uncommon Moon, 3:18 U.S. return to the Moon begins, The, 11:20

V Vanguard 1 satellite marks 50 years in space, 3:20 Vanishing acts, part 1, 7:20–7:21 Vanishing acts, part 2, 8:20–8:21 View to a launch, A, 4:24 Vixen’s giant binoculars among largest sold, 11:72–11:73 Volcanic trio on Mars could erupt again, 3:17 makes a shocking discovery, 10:18

W Watching a giant die, 10:23 Watching a stellar tantrum, 11:23 Watery Moon, 7:25 Wee black hole, 7:25 What happens when galaxies collide?, 3:28–3:33 Where has all the water gone?, 2:52–2:55 Where the northern lights dance, 11:62–11:67 Where will astronomy be in 35 years?, 8:30–8:35 Who really invented the telescope?, 8:84–8:86 “Whopper” GRB blazes to naked-eye brightness, 7:24 Wide-field imager’s dream scope, A, 1:74–1:77 Will you see the stars tonight?, 6:64–6:65 WMAP finds cosmic neutrino background, 7:23

X X-rated astronomy, 12:74 X-ray satellite spots nearly overlooked nova, 12:28

Y Your 20- solar eclipse planner, 10:74–10:77 Your scope and the seven dwarfs, 8:64–8:66 Youthful galaxy grows up, 2:19 Astronomy Magazine Article Author Index

A Ayiomamitis, Anthony Astroimaging over ancient Greece, 12:64–12:69

B Bakich, Michael E. Amateur astronomy’s greatest generation, 8:68–8:71 Darkest sky under the stars, The, 2:64–2:65 Discover 10 top Milky Way delights, 9:60–9:63 Find your way through the summer sky, 7:70–7:71 Get ready for summer’s total solar eclipse, 7:66–7:69 How to observe the Sun, 4:64–4:65 The northern sky’s top 10 galaxies, 11:58–11:61 Observing the way it was meant to be, 7:62–7:65 Your 20-year solar eclipse planner, 10:74–10:77 Balick, Bruce How the Sun will die, 12:38–12:43 Bäsemann, Hinrich Where the northern lights dance, 11:62–11:67 Berman, Bob Another Earth, 6:13 Are we done yet?, 4:14 Ask the aliens, 3:12 Astro-humiliation, 10:14 Basking in the Sun, 5:16 The magic canvas, 9:11 Marinating the news, 7:14 Other dimensions, 2:12 A piece of π, 11:12 Plenty of nothing, 12:16 Staring contest, 8:14 Twelve months of strangeness, 1:14 Burbine Jr., Thomas H. Are these space rocks from Mercury?, 11:32–11:37 Burnell, Jim Wide-field imager’s dream scope, A, 1:74–1:77

C Carroll, Michael Biggest planet’s 5 deepest mysteries, The, 1:38–1:43 Chaple, Glenn Clearing the air about seeing vs. transparency, 11:75 Eyepiece ABCs, 1:78 The King’s astronomer, 8:16 Reap the awards of amateur astronomy, 4:16 See double tonight, 3:74 See the red star round-up, 10:84 Signposts of the sky, 7:16 A sure bet for observing fun, 9:67 Surf the skies, 2:68 Tour the sky with a small scope, 6:71 Transform telescope trash into treasure, 5:72 X-rated astronomy, 12:74 Coe, Steve How to observe dark nebulae, 5:64–5:67 Observe winter’s forgotten star clusters, 2:60–2:63 Spot spring’s 11 best globular clusters, 4:58–4:61 Cox, T. J. Our galaxy’s date with destruction, 6:28–6:33 Crossen, Craig Explore the southern Milky Way’s dark clouds, 9:54–9:57

D Davis, Joel 185 million years before the dinosaurs’ demise, did an asteroid nearly end life on Earth?, 4:34–4:39 Dorminey, Bruce Did molecules from space seed life in the cosmos?, 4:50–4:55 Europe’s space revolution, 9:28–9:33 On the trail of hydrogen’s heavy sibling, 2:34–2:39 Dvorak, John Journey to the heart of the Milky Way, 2:28–2:33

E Eicher, David J./nl Astronomy magazine’s first 35 years, 8:supplement Ellis, Richard S. Quest for the first galaxies, 3:22–3:27

F Falk, Dan Did ancient astronomers build Stonehenge?, 7:52–7:57 Frank, Adam How astronomers cracked the Einstein code, 9:22–9:27

G Goldstein, Alan Observe celestial odd couples, 1:64–1:67

H Harrington, Phil The Antares gang, 7:18 Astronomy’s guide to Go-to telescopes, 10:supplement Calling on Cassiopeia, 11:76 Cepheus’ fall delights, 10:85 The Cygnus Arm flexes its muscle, 9:68 Exploring a Messier line-up, 8:18 Get a head start on the Hydra, 4:18 How to observe artificial satellites, 6:74 It’s a Wonderful Star, 12:76 Meet the colorful Gemini twins, 2:70 Orion’s new binocular telescope tested, 3:72–3:73 Peruse the Water Snake’s other half, 5:74 Take a small tour of the Big Dog, 3:76 Tour two more clusters in Taurus, 1:80 Vixen’s giant binoculars among largest sold, 11:72–11:73

I Impey, Chris How life could thrive on hostile worlds, 12:54–12:59

J Jakiel, Richard How comets shaped history, 2:23–2:27 Your scope and the seven dwarfs, 8:64–8:66 Jarrett, Thomas H. 1.5 million galaxies revealed, 3:41–3:43 Jayawardhana, Ray Are super-sized Earths the new frontier?, 11:26–11:31 Cannibal next door, The, 3:38 How the Milky Way devours its neighbors, 3:34–3:39 Jirsa, Mark Scientists unearth ancient impact’s secrets, 12:32–12:37 Joson, Imelda B./nl Master the art of wide-field imaging, 6:66–6:69

L Layton, Laura Dark reserve, 1:25 Distant galaxy gets a weigh-in, 1:26 Exploring galaxy evolution, 3:16 Hubble spies Comet Holmes’ heart, 3:18 Mars likely had water, 4:26 New periodic comet found, 1:23 Pulsar push, 1:25 Seasons change on Neptune, 1:24 Stars form in a galaxy’s “tail”, 1:27 Stars found ripe to make planets, 1:22 Uncommon Moon, 3:18 Loeb, Abraham Is there an end to cosmology?, 8:28–8:29 Our galaxy’s date with destruction, 6:28–6:33

M Marcotte, Mark M./nl Meade’s LX90-ACF eliminates coma, 12:70–12:71 McChain, Megan Antimatter traced, 5:23 Astronaut rescue rocket revs up, 11:22 Brightest starburst galaxy discovered, 12:23 Canada to launch new asteroid hunter, 11:19 Distant gamma-ray burst sets a record, 5:20 Earth-forming stars are common in the Milky Way, 6:18 Found: the solar system’s oldest rocks, 7:25 Giant stars may have little helpers, 6:24 Hubble identifies weird “blue blobs”, 5:22 Hubble’s rising odometer, 12:28 IAU names a new plutoid, 11:16 MRO finds new signs of a wet early Mars, 11:16 Rocket pad for rent, 12:28 SDSS III begins, 12:28 Servicing Hubble, 5:23 Study explains meteorite origins, 12:20 Take the Soyuz tour, 11:19 McGovern, Jeremy How historic observatories will survive, 4:62–4:63 Runaway star is not from our neighborhood, 6:25 McNally, Dick Backstage at Astronomy, 8:76–8:82 Moomaw, Bruce NASA’S Phoenix digs Mars, 9:50–9:53

N Nadis, Steve Could changing channels tune into alien civilizations?, 5:38–5:43 Do cosmic flashes reveal secrets of the infant universe?, 6:34–6:39 Searching for the shape of the universe, 4:28–4:33 What happens when galaxies collide?, 3:28–3:33

O Oberg, James Amateurs see fireballs from U.S. satellite kill, 7:24 Canada’s handy robot, 1:24 Eyewitness to Apollo 8: A personal memoir, 12:20 India goes to the Moon, 8:26 NASA’s new gamma-ray eye in the sky, 6:20 North Korea’s phantom space program, 2:20 Phoenix powers down, 5:22 Riding fireballs, 9:16 See the final shuttle fireball, 10:22 The U.S. return to the Moon begins, 11:20 Vanguard 1 satellite marks 50 years in space, 3:20 A view to a launch, 4:24 Odenwald, Sten The coming solar superstorm, 9:34–9:39 O’Meara, Stephen James Crystal Palace, A, 1:16–1:17 The day the Sun crawled, 11:14–11:15 Defect or discovery?, 12:18–12:19 How to find a Space Needle in a haystack, 4:20–4:21 Naked-eye denizens of the galactic deep, 9:12–9:13 Orion’s phantom loop, part 1, 2:14–2:15 Orion’s phantom loop, part 2, 3:14–3:15 The Pit and the Pendulum, 10:16–10:17 Readers report, 6:14–6:15 Remembering 2007’s comet double feature, 5:18–5:19 Tele Vue’s new eyepiece field tested, 5:68–5:69 Vanishing acts, part 1, 7:20–7:21 Vanishing acts, part 2, 8:20–8:21

P Peach, Damian A. Capture images of our local star, 4:66–4:67 Pendick, Daniel 10 rising stars of astronomy, 8:60–8:63 Another super-Earth discovered, 9:21 Are big-planet systems uncommon?, 10:23 Are we looking for life in the right places?, 7:28–7:33 Asteroid sleuths find the dino killer, 1:20 Astronomers spy a giant particle accelerator in the sky, 5:21 Astronomers unearth a star’s death secrets, 10:18 Auroral storm trigger confirmed, 11:18 Binary pulsar test affirms relativity, 10:21 Binocular Telescope snaps first image, 6:21 Cassini scopes Saturn’s two-toned moon, 1:25 Cluster crash-up reveals dark matter, 12:26 Cool stuff for a hot ride, 9:20 “Death star” blasts neighboring galaxy, 4:23 Dogging Apophis, 6:25 Earth through alien eyes, 5:23 Entire Moon is within reach, 10:26 First light for Palomar’s new optics, 1:26 Galactic mistaken identity corrected, 10:20 Galaxies on fire, 3:64–3:69 GLOBE at Night 2008, 8:27 Going the distance, 1:25 Google me to the Moon, 6:25 Great quasar round-up, The, 3:20 Hide-and-seek galaxy surprises astronomers, 4:23 High-tech skin keeps satellites cool, 12:28 How to take a black hole’s temperature, 12:24 Hubble captures little spot’s demise, 11:22 Hubble finds most distant galaxies yet, 11:19 Hubble gazes at red alien sunsets and “star spots”, 4:22 Hubble images interstellar ribbon, 10:24 Hubble uncovers white-dwarf age paradox, 10:20 Internal heat drives Jupiter’s weather, 5:21 Is Eta Carinae the brightest star of all?, 11:24 Jupiter’s new spot, 9:14 Little meteors pack a big punch, 5:24 Lunar crater is older and possibly icier, 12:24 Mars: colder and stiffer inside, 9:20 Mars’ dynamic, icy past, 9:18 Mars shows its shady side, 5:24 Meet the cosmic Cheshire Cat, 10:25 Merging galaxies come closer to home, 9:16 MESSENGER reveals Mercury’s volcanic past, 10:22 Milky Way disarmed, 9:21 The Milky Way’s youngest supernova, 9:18 Moon clock, 5:23 The Moon had water--lots of it, 10:24 NASA’s lunar sandbox, 6:25 New findings help explain two-faced Mars, 10:21 New greenhouse solution keeps early Earth warm, 10:26 New ocean eye in orbit, 10:26 New radio telescope opens for business, 1:26 New technique peers into dark space clouds, 6:25 NTT refines distance to key yardstick stars, 6:23 Quark nova explains record-breaking blasts, 9:20 Rotating radio star mystery solved, 4:26 Sharpest snapshots ever of Pluto’s tiny moons, 2:21 Shortlist for TMT site announced, 9:20 Shuttle legacy, 10:26 Space Age anniversary, 1:25 Space station robot helpmate goes to work, 6:25 Spitzer finds organic-free zone in Pinwheel Galaxy, 11:23 Spitzer snaps dusty family portrait, 12:20 Spitzer witnesses cosmic ice storm, 1:27 Spots and flares mapped on Sun-like star, 4:25 Surprises from Comet Wild 2, 5:23 Through alien eyes, 11:19 Twin stars show surprising differences, 10:26 Volcanic trio on Mars could erupt again, 3:17 Voyager 2 makes a shocking discovery, 10:18 Watching a giant die, 10:23 Watching a stellar tantrum, 11:23 X-ray satellite spots nearly overlooked nova, 12:28 Youthful galaxy grows up, 2:19

R Reddy, Francis Aligned aurorae, 8:27 Astronomers witness alien star flip-out, 6:27 Black hole sets a record, 2:20 Black holes wind up galaxy arms, 9:19 Calling all space probes, 10:64–10:65 Comet Hale-Bopp still going strong, 7:25 Earth flybys reveal mystery speed change, 6:20 Earth impacts at a glance, 1:60–1:61 Encyclopedia galactica, 3:45–3:51 Explore Jupiter’s moons, 2:56–2:57 Harmony arrives at space station, 2:17 Hinode captures solar “fountains”, 8:27 How scientists discovered a solar system “superhighway”/nl, 11:38–11:43 Hubble identifies exoplanet’s methane, 6:22 Hubble peers into a Milky Way starburst, 2:16 Inside Earth’s magnetic shield, 11:52–11:53 Inside NASA’s Deep Space Network, 5:56–5:61 Is there a rover in Hebes Chasma’s future?, 8:24 Mars Express sees martian “landfill”, 2:17 Martian probe witnesses avalanches, 6:16 NASA budget woes spare Spirit rover, 6:22 New Spitzer mosaic unveils galaxy’s heart, 9:14 Omega Centauri harbors a black hole, 7:22 Orion capsule prepared for short test flights, 7:23 Recipe for a great comet, 2:25 Ringed planet may have ringed moon, 6:27 Six-wheelin’ with NASA’s Moon truck, 7:27 Soap bubbles hint at stormy processes, 8:22 Space-bound robot dives under icy Wisconsin lake, 6:23 Stars on the Sun, 9:36 Titan may sport a subsurface sea, 6:22 Top 10 space stories of 2007, 1:28–1:37 Watery Moon, 7:25 Where will astronomy be in 35 years?, 8:30–8:35 “Whopper” GRB blazes to naked-eye brightness, 7:24 Will you see the stars tonight?, 6:64–6:65 Reynolds, Mike D. Choose the dome that’s right for you, 5:70–5:71 Easy imaging with the DSI III, 9:64–9:65 Meade’s mySKY teaches you the stars, 2:66–2:67 Ringwald, Fred How to shoot stars with a webcam, 11:68–11:71

S Shahar, Charles New pictures from old plates, 1:70–1:73 Shibley, John Obsession’s new 18-inch scope, 4:68–4:69 Shubinski, Raymond All about the , 6:56–6:61 Who really invented the telescope?, 8:84–8:86 Shubinski, Raymond/nl Inside Arizona’s meteorite treasure chest, 10:80–10:82 Spilker, Linda Saturn revolution, 10:34–10:39

T Talcott, Richard Cassini confirms Titan lakes, 12:27 Cassini “tastes” Enceladus’ plumes, 7:26 Earth’s troubled adolescence, 5:32–5:37 Enceladus jets form deep in fractures, 12:23 Exploring Iapetus’ dark side, 3:60–3:63 How we junked up outer space, 6:40–6:43 How we’ll fix Hubble, 10:28–10:33 Intense storm triggers Saturn lightning, 8:22 Longer-lived oceans on Venus?, 1:27 Mercury reveals its hidden side, 5:26–5:31 Meteors rock Phobos, 9:48–9:49 New space molecule, 7:25 New spin on Moon’s birth, 2:18 A pitch from space, 8:27 Radar maps Moon’s south pole in detail, 6:19 Saturn’s rings carry extra weight, 1:22 SELENE beams back lunar HDTV, 7:26 Small galaxies weigh plenty, 8:25 Stars born in the boondocks, 8:23 Studies reveal stony asteroid surprise, 6:24 Top 10 discoveries of the last 35 years, 8:36–8:43 Wee black hole, 7:25 Where has all the water gone?, 2:52–2:55 WMAP finds cosmic neutrino background, 7:23 Trusock, Tom Sky testing Orion’s 102mm f/7 ED, 10:78–10:79

Z Zimmerman, Robert The life and death of super suns, 7:34–7:39 Taking Venus by storm, 10:66–10:71 Astronomy Magazine Subject Index

2MASS Galaxy Catalog, 3:41–43 3C 273 (galaxy), 1:22 3C 321 (dual galaxy system), 4:23 1982 SH (asteroid), 1:25 1987A (supernova), 8:38–39, 12:62 2001 SN263 (asteroid), 6:23 2005ap (supernova), 1:34–35 2006gy (supernova), 1:34–35 2007 RR9 (potentially hazardous asteroid), 2:21 2007 TU24 (near-Earth asteroid), 5:20 2009 International Year of Astronomy, 5:21 2867 Steins (asteroid), 11:22 6344 P-L (minor planet), 2:21

A (), 11:19 Abell 3128 (galaxy cluster), 4:23 Alcor (star), 8:20–21 Alderamin (Alpha [α] Cephei) (star), 10:85 Alfvén waves, 1:22 Allen Telescope Array, 1:26 Alpha (α) Cephei (Alderamin), 10:85 Alpha Centauri A (star), 7:58 Alpha Centauri B (star), 6:23, 7:58 lunar lander, 10:26 ALUNA Moon clock, 5:23 Amber Heart (asterism), 9:68 amino acetonitrile (NH2CH2CN), 7:25 (M31) black hole at center of, 9:19 evidence of “cannibalism”, 3:38 future collision with Milky Way, 1:32, 6:28–33 observing, 11:59 Antares (star), 7:18, 12:86–87 (NGC 4038/9), 7:10–11, 9:16 antimatter, 5:23 antimatter stars, 1:63 Apollo 8 (manned space mission), 12:22 Apophis 99942 (near-Earth asteroid), 4:14, 6:25 arcs, 1:16–17, 6:14 Ares I rocket, 1:22, 7:23, 11:22, 12:23 Ares V cargo lifter, 10:26 Arizona Sky Village, 2:64–65 Arizona State University (ASU), 10:80–82 Arp’s Loop (), 5:22 asterisms, 7:16, 9:68 asteroids. See alsonames of specific asteroids collisions with Earth, 1:20, 60–61, 4:14, 34–39 compared to comets, 9:58 near-Earth, 4:14, 5:20, 6:25, 12:22 oldest, 7:25 possible collision with Mars, 10:21 potentially hazardous, 2:21 roundness of, 8:74 with shortest rotation rate, 10:21 Astronautica (asteroid), 1:25 Canadian, 6:23 proposed tether system, 2:17 radiation risks, 1:22 youngest woman, first Korean, 7:23 astronomy amateur, 4:16, 8:68–71 astroimaging over ancient Greece, 12:64–69 book recommendations, 10:72 embarrassing moments in, 10:14 evolving art of, 9:11 future of, in 35 years, 8:30–35 rising stars of, 8:60–63 top 10 discoveries of past 35 years, 8:36–43 top ten stories of 2007, 1:28–37 web sites, 2:68 Astronomy magazine 2009 Sky Guide, 12:supplement first 35 years, 8:supplement production of, 8:76–82 ASU (Arizona State University), 10:80–82 aurorae best places to view, 6:62 observing in Norway, 11:62–67 polarized light, 8:27 THEMIS mission, 11:18 auroral surges, 4:23 Austria, 8:23

B Baby Boom (starburst galaxy), 12:23 Barnard 92 (), 8:18 Barnard 93 (dark nebula), 8:18 Barnard 148 (dark nebula), 9:79 Barnard 149 (dark nebula), 9:79 Barnard 150 (dark nebula), 9:79 Barnard’s Loop (dark sky object), 2:14–15, 5:87 Beijing Planetarium, 12:23 Bernes 157 (small ), 9:54, 57 Big Dipper (constellation), 9:79 systems -1, 10:26 in , 10:26 stellar core and pulsar, 2:21 black holes antimatter stars and, 1:63 at center of Andromeda Galaxy, 9:19 at center of Milky Way Galaxy, 2:28–33 changes in, 7:59 computer simulation of mergers of, 9:22–27 discovery of, 3:20, 8:40–41 exiting galaxies, 9:20 with greatest mass, 2:20 growth of, 4:57 with lowest mass, 10:21 measurement of mass, 9:58–59 neutrinos and, 2:59 in Omega Centauri, 7:22 smallest, 7:25 temperature of, 12:24 Blue Snowball (NGC 7662) (), 9:63 BO Microscopii (star), 4:25 Bodes Galaxy (M81), 11:58–59 Bok globules, 9:59 Boötes (constellation), 7:24 Bose-Einstein condensates, 7:14 brownleeite, 10:21 BT70 binocular telescope, 3:72–73 (M6) (), 7:78

C Canada Canadian Space Agency, 6:23 Dextre robot manipulator, 1:24 NEOSSat, 11:19 carbon dioxide, 10:26 Cas A (Cassiopeia A) , 4:26, 10:18 Cassini (spacecraft) begins 2-year extended mission, 10:20 extension of mission, 7:22 findings by, 10:34–39 images of Iapetus, 1:25 Titan flyby, 1:32–33 Cassiopeia (constellation), 11:76 Cassiopeia A (Cas A) (supernova remnant), 4:26, 10:18 Castor (star), 2:70 Cat’s Eye Nebula, 1:26 CCD (charge-coupled device) cameras, 9:64–65, 10:supplement celestial coordinates, 6:63 Celestis company, 7:23 Center for Meteorite Studies (CMS), 10:80–82 stars, 6:23 Cepheus (constellation), 10:85 CG4 (cometary globule), 6:9–10, 9:56 Chamaeleon Cloud Complex, 9:54–55 Chandrayaan 1 (lunar orbiter), 1:37 Chandrayaan-1 (lunar orbiter), 8:26 Chang’e-1 (lunar probe), 2:17 charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras, 9:64–65, 10:supplement Charon (Pluto’s moon), 2:21 Cheshire Cat (gravitational lens system), 10:25 Chile, 12:20 China Chang’e-1, 2:17 Double Star satellites, 2:17 potential lunar base, 1:22 Chryse region (feature on Mars), 6:85 Cigar Galaxy (M82), 11:61 Clear Sky Chart, 6:64–65 CMB (cosmic microwave background), 3:18, 8:40–41 CMEs (coronal mass ejections), 3:18, 10:72 CMS (Center for Meteorite Studies), 10:80–82 Cocoon Nebula (IC 5146), 9:62–63 Collinder 463 (open cluster), 11:76 Comet 17P/Holmes, 2:78–80, 3:18, 5:18–19, 83, 8:95 Comet 81P/Wild 2, 5:23 Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), 7:25 Comet C/2006 M4 (Swan), 12:85 Comet C/2006 VZ13 (Linear), 1:91 Comet C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy), 1:91 Comet Encke, 2:17 Comet Hartley 2, 4:23 Comet McNaught, 1:30, 5:18–19 Comet P/2007 R5, 1:23 comets. See also names of specific comets ancient observations of, 8:75 brownleeite, 10:21 classification as “great”, 2:25 collisions with Earth, 1:60–61 compared to asteroids, 9:58 discoveries of by SOHO spacecraft, 10:21 elongated orbits of, 1:62 hazards from debris, 3:71 historical significance of, 2:23–27 naming of, 7:58–59 origin of, 1:62 Communicating Science to the Public (journal), 4:23 conjunctions of Moon, Venus and Mercury, 8:95 of Moon and Venus, 5:88 , 7:16. See also names of specific constellations corals, reproduction of, 1:22 Corona Australis (molecular cloud), 6:25 coronal mass ejections (CMEs), 3:18, 10:72 COROT satellite, 11:23 Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS), 1:34–35 cosmic ice storms, 1:27 cosmic inflation, 9:28–33 cosmic microwave background (CMB), 3:18, 8:40–41 cosmological expansion, 2:59, 8:28–29 COSMOS (Cosmic Evolution Survey), 1:34–35 craters, see names of specific craters Cygnus Arm (feature of Milky Way), 9:68 Cygnus X-1 (binary system), 9:68

D dark energy, 8:43 dark matter 3-D map of, 1:34–35 collision with normal matter, 12:26 dark nebulae, 5:64–67. See also names of specific dark nebulae dark sky objects, 2:14–15, 5:87 (space probe), 4:23, 6:23, 11:19 Deep Sky Imager (DSI) III CCD camera, 9:64–65 Deep Space Network (DSN), 5:56–61, 6:23 deuterium, 2:34–39 Dextre (special-purpose dexterous manipulator), 1:24, 6:25 dimensions, other, 2:12 dinosaurs, of, 1:20 Dione (Saturn’s moon), 9:20 Double Star satellites, 2:17 DSI (Deep Sky Imager) III CCD camera, 9:64–65 DSN (Deep Space Network), 5:56–61, 6:23 (M27), 9:61 dwarf galaxies. See also names of specific dwarf galaxies debris from cannibalized, 8:38 observable with small/medium telescopes, 8:64–66 spherical, 11:57 weight of, 1:26 dwarf planets, 3:71

E (M16), 5:10–11, 8:18 Earth. See also Moon carbon dioxide in early atmosphere of, 10:26 development of, 5:32–37 effects of nearby supernovae, 1:62–63 magnetosphere, 11:52–53 molten stage, 3:18 tides, 3:18 transit of by Moon, 11:19 what could be discovered about from another planet, 5:23 eclipses 20-year planning guide, 10:74–77 lunar, 1:14, 4:78, 6:83, 85, 87–88 solar, 7:67–69, 10:74–77, 11:86–88 Einstein, Albert, 9:22–27, 10:21 Elephant Trunk Nebula (IC 1396), 8:95 elliptical galaxies, 3:16, 9:59, 11:56 emission nebulae, see names of specific emission nebulae empty space, 12:16 Enceladus (Saturn’s moon), 7:26, 12:23 Environmentally Non-Disturbing Under-Ice Robotic Antarctic Explorer (ENDURANCE), 6:23 ESA. See European Space Agency (NGC 2392), 7:79 ESO (European Southern Observatory), 8:23 ESO 137-001 (galaxy), 1:27 ESO 257-19 (), 6:9–10 Eta Carinae Nebula (NGC 3372), 12:88 Eta Carinae (star), 1:63, 11:24 Ethos eyepiece, 5:68–69 European Southern Observatory (ESO), 8:23 European Space Agency (ESA) Lunar Robotics Challenge, 11:23 missions to explore cosmic background radiation, 9:28–33 recruitment push, 10:21 EV Lacertae (dwarf star), 9:20 atmosphere on, 4:23 discovery of, 8:23, 42, 9:20 free oxygen in atmospheres of, 6:13 methane atmosphere, 6:22 Neptune-mass, 1:30–31 sunsets on, 4:22 super-Earths, 9:21, 11:26–31 eyepieces, telescope, 1:78

F Falcon 1 rocket, 11:23 FastSat (microsatellite), 4:23 Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, 12:23 Fireworks Galaxy (NGC 6946), 11:58 Foton-M bio-satellite, 1:22 free oxygen, 6:13

G G1.9+0.3 (supernova), 9:18 G350.1-0.3 (supernova remnant), 10:20 galaxies collisions of, 3:28–33 high-energy jet from, 4:23 most distant discovered by Hubble, 11:19 star formation in, 4:23 study of distant, 3:22–27 top 10 visible in northern skies, 11:58–61 weight of, 8:25 galaxy clusters, 4:23, 5:21, 11:19, 12:26 Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) (probe), 3:16 galaxy groups, 5:22, 10:92 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in constellation Boötes, 7:24 discovery of, 8:39 earliest known, 5:20 learning from, 6:34–39 Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), 6:20, 12:23 Gemini (constellation), 2:70 GLOBE at Night project, 8:27 globular clusters. See also names of specific globular clusters observing, 4:58–61, 9:12–13 size of, 11:57 , 6:25 Google Sky (viewing tool), 2:21 GP-B ( Probe B) satellite, 1:36–37 GRAIL mission, 4:23 gravitational lens systems, 10:25 gravity, bending of light by, 8:74–75 Gravity Probe B (GP-B) (satellite), 1:36–37 GRBs. See gamma-ray bursts Great Attractor, The, 8:37

H Hα (Hydrogen-alpha) telescopes, 12:84 Hale-Bopp (Comet C/1995 O1), 7:25 Halley’s comet, 2:24–27 halos, 1:16–17 Harmony (ISS unit), 2:17 Hawaii, 1:22 Hawking, Stephen, 8:23 HD 0437-5439 (star), 6:25 HD 189733b (exoplanet), 6:22 HD 189773b (exoplanet), 4:22 HE 1523-0901 (red giant star), 1:33, 9:58 Hebes Chasma (feature on Mars), 8:24 Herschel, William, 8:16, 12:18–19 Herschel space mission, 9:28–33 Hickson 44 (galaxy group), 10:92 Hickson 92 (galaxy group), 10:92 Hind’s crimson star (R Leporis), 6:87 HIP 56948 (star), 3:18 Hipparcos satellite, 1:25 Hoag’s object (), 3:86 hot Jupiters, 4:22 Hubble constant, 3:70–71 2008 servicing mission, 1:22, 5:23, 10:28–33 completion of 100,000th orbit, 12:28 enhancement of images from, 1:70–73 most distant galaxies discovered by, 11:19 hurricanes, 7:23 Hydra (constellation), 4:18, 5:74 Hydra (Pluto’s moon), 2:21 Hydrogen-alpha (Hα) telescopes, 12:84

I I Zwicky 18 (), 2:19 Iapetus (Saturn’s moon), 1:25, 3:60–63 IAU (International Astronomical Union), 4:23 IC 10 X-1 (black hole), 2:20 IC 239 (spiral galaxy), 3:87 IC 1295 (planetary nebula), 12:85 IC 1396 (Elephant Trunk Nebula), 8:95 IC 1396 (open cluster), 10:85 IC 2944 (), 6:85, 9:80 IC 4628 (Prawn Nebula), 10:93 IC 5070 (), 5:86 IC 5146 (Cocoon Nebula), 9:62–63 India, 1:37, 8:26 (IR) light map of distant universe, 8:23 panorama of Milky Way, 9:14 International Astronomical Union (IAU), 4:23 International Dark-Sky Association, 1:25 International Space Station (ISS) ammonia container from, 11:23 baseball pitched from, 8:27 Canadian astronauts, 6:23 Harmony unit, 2:17 hazards from comet debris, 3:71 launch of heat-proof paper airplanes from, 9:20 plant research on, 11:23 Internet Archive library, 11:23 Interplanetary Superhighway, 11:38–43 IR light. See infrared light ISS. See International Space Station Italian Space Agency, 12:23

J J2-X engine, 9:20 James Webb Space Telescope, 5:21 Japan first minister of space development, 10:21 launch of heat-proof paper airplanes from ISS, 9:20 Jason-2 satellite, 10:26 Jules Verne (spacecraft), 1:37 Jupiter 5 deepest mysteries of, 1:38–43 appearance in 2008, 1:14 demise of Little Red Spot, 11:22 images of, 10:93 moons of, 2:56–57 flyby, 1:30–31 new spot, 9:14 weather, 5:21

K KazSat satellite, 10:21 Korea, 7:23

L (M8), 9:60 Lambda Orionis Nebula, 5:87 Large Binocular Telescope (LBT), 6:21 Large Hadron Collider (LHC), 1:35–36, 5:21 (LMC), 10:12–13 Large Molecule Heimat, 7:25 Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), 5:21 LBT (Large Binocular Telescope), 6:21 LCROSS (Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite), 11:20 LDN 673 (dark nebula), 5:86 Leo 1 (dwarf galaxy), 1:64–65 Leonid meteor shower, 6:14–15 LH 95 (star-forming region), 10:12–13 LHC (Large Hadron Collider), 1:35–36, 5:21 life extremophiles, 12:54–59 origin of, 4:50–55, 56–57 search for, 7:28–33 light bending of by gravity, 8:74–75 blocking of by dust, 9:20 light pollution, 1:25, 2:64–65, 8:27 Linear (Comet C/2006 VZ13), 1:91 LMC (Large Magellanic Cloud), 10:12–13 galaxies, 2:59 LOFAR radio telescope, 4:23 Lovejoy (Comet C/2007 E2), 1:91 Lowell Observatory, 12:23 LSST (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope), 5:21 Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), 11:20 lunar eclipses, 1:14, 4:78, 6:83, 85, 87–88 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, 2:17, 10:21, 11:20 Lunar Robotics Challenge, 11:23 , 7:27 LX90-ACF telescope, 12:70–71

M M6 (Butterfly Cluster), 7:78 M8 (Lagoon Nebula), 9:60 M11 (), 9:61 M16 (Eagle Nebula), 5:10–11, 8:18 M17 (Swan Nebula), 8:18 M18 (open cluster), 8:18 M22 (), 9:60 M23 (open cluster), 8:18 M24 (Small Sagittarius Star Cloud), 8:18 M25 (open cluster), 8:18 M27 (Dumbbell Nebula), 9:61 M28 (globular cluster), 6:85 M29 (NGC 6913) (open cluster), 9:68 M31. See Andromeda Galaxy M42. See Orion Nebula M46 (open cluster), 1:64 M47 (open cluster), 6:86 M51 (), 11:60 M57 (), 9:61–62 M63 (Sunflower Galaxy), 11:59–60 M67 (open cluster), 4:79 M81 (Bodes Galaxy), 11:58–59 M82 (Cigar Galaxy), 11:61 M83 (Southern Whirlpool Galaxy), 10:95 M96 (spiral galaxy), 1:90 M100 (spiral galaxy), 3:87 M101 (Pinwheel Galaxy), 4:79, 11:23, 60–61 M103 (open cluster), 5:85 M106 (spiral galaxy), 6:84 M108 (spiral galaxy), 1:91 M109 (spiral galaxy), 3:86 MACSJ0025.4-1222 (galaxy cluster collision), 12:26 magnetosphere, 11:52–53 Makemake (plutoid), 11:16 Many Worlds Interpretation, 2:12 Mars ancient river delta, 11:16 avalanches, 6:16 Chryse region, 6:85 clouds of frozen carbon-dioxide crystals, 5:24 future sample return mission, 10:23 glacial ice formations on, 9:18 Hebes Chasma, 8:24 interior of, 9:20 large debris blocks, 6:23 Maunder Crater, 2:17 molten stage, 3:18 occultation of by Moon, 8:95 Phobos (moon), 9:48–49 possible asteroid collision with, 10:21 sand dunes, 8:23 surface changes, 2:58–59 volcanic activity, 3:17, 9:20 water, 2:52–55, 4:26 Mars Express orbiter 5,000th orbit, 3:18 flyby of Phobos, 11:23 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), 11:16 , 2:17 Maunder Crater (feature on Mars), 2:17 Meade DSI III CCD camera, 9:64–65 Meade LX90-ACF telescope, 12:70–71 Meade mySKY handheld star finder, 2:66–67 Mercury conjunction with Moon and Venus, 8:95 image of, 10:96 MESSENGER spacecraft, 5:26–31, 10:22 possible meteorites from, 11:32–37 transit of Sun, 6:14 Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft, 1:37, 5:26–31, 10:22 , 11:57 Messier objects, 3:74 meteorites 2007 impact in Carancas, Peru, 6:24 angrite, 11:32–37 origin of, 12:22 Sudbury Basin impact, 12:32–37 meteors 1908 explosion over Siberia, 5:24, 10:21 Center for Meteorite Studies (CMS), 10:80–82 database of impact sites, 7:59 impacts on Phobos, 9:48–49 map of impact sites, 1:60–61 observing, 8:74 sonic boom from, 11:56 Milky Way Galaxy antimatter cloud around center of, 5:23 arms of, 9:21 Cygnus Arm, 9:68 digital optical survey of, 4:23 future collision with Andromeda, 6:28–33 infrared panorama of, 9:14 optical digital survey of, 5:21 pending collision with Andromeda Galaxy, 1:32 radio emission from, 3:18 structure of, 8:37 at center of, 2:28–33 theories of origin, 3:34–39 Millstone Hill Radar antenna, 12:23 Mira (), 12:76 Mizar (star), 8:20–21 Moon (Earth’s) birth of, 3:18 conjunction with Venus, 5:88 conjunction with Venus and Mercury, 8:95 coral reproduction synchronized to, 1:22 creation of, 5:32–37 eclipses of, 1:14, 4:78, 6:83, 85, 87–88 formation of, 2:18 images of, 5:86, 10:93, 96 international efforts to explore, 11:16 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, 11:20 lunar rover, 7:27 mapping of south pole, 6:19 occultation of Mars by, 8:95 occultation of stars by Earth as seen from, 8:75 potential Chinese lunar base, 1:22 Ptolemaeus Crater, 5:86 Shackleton Crater, 12:24 transit of Earth, 11:19 water on, 7:25, 10:24 wobbling of, 4:57 moons, roundness of, 8:74. See also names of specific moons MRO (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter), 11:16 Mu (µ) Cephei (star), 10:85 Murchison Wide-Field Array radio telescope, 5:38–43 mySKY handheld star finder, 2:66–67

N NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 2009 budget, 6:22–23 Deep Space Network (DSN), 5:56–61, 6:23 development of GPS system, 11:23 Government Invention of the Year award, 9:20 image repository website, 11:23 J2-X engine, 9:20 Regolith Excavation Challenge, 6:25 return to Moon, 11:20 student awards, 12:23 Web-based historical tour of, 12:23 Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat), 11:19 near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), 4:14, 5:20, 6:25, 12:22 nebulae, see names of specific nebulae Needle Galaxy (NGC 4565), 11:60 NEOSSat (Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite), 11:19 Neptune, seasons on, 1:24 neutrinos, 2:59, 7:23 neutron stars, 2:59 New Exploration of Tempel 1 (NExT) mission, 4:56 New Horizons (spacecraft) crosses Saturn’s orbit, 10:18 distance from Earth, 11:56–57 Jupiter flyby, 1:30–31 New Technology Telescope (NTT), 6:25 NExT (New Exploration of Tempel 1) mission, 4:56 NGC 247 (spiral galaxy), 3:87 NGC 300 (spiral galaxy), 3:16 NGC 457 (Owl Cluster), 9:63 NGC 869 (), 11:76 NGC 884 (star cluster), 11:76 NGC 1097 (), 3:86 NGC 1291 (galaxy), 3:16 NGC 1316 (), 3:16 NGC 1514 (planetary nebula), 6:86 NGC 1532 (spiral galaxy), 10:95 NGC 1647 (open cluster), 1:80 NGC 1672 (spiral galaxy), 12:14–15 NGC 1746 (open cluster), 1:80 NGC 2237-9 (), 7:79 NGC 2392 (Eskimo Nebula), 7:79 NGC 2403 (galaxy), 1:92, 11:58 NGC 2438 (planetary nebula), 1:64 NGC 2736 (emission nebula), 4:20–21 NGC 3199 (emission nebula), 7:80 NGC 3372 (Eta Carinae Nebula), 12:88 NGC 3521 (spiral galaxy), 3:88 NGC 3603 (star cluster), 2:16 NGC 3718 (spiral galaxy), 7:79 NGC 3729 (spiral galaxy), 7:79 NGC 4013 (spiral galaxy), 6:86 NGC 4038/9 (Antennae galaxies), 7:10–11, 9:16 NGC 4485 (galaxy), 8:94 NGC 4490 (galaxy), 8:94 NGC 4565 (Needle Galaxy), 11:60 NGC 4567 (spiral galaxy), 3:86 NGC 4568 (spiral galaxy), 3:86 NGC 4569 (galaxy), 3:16 NGC 4631 (Whale Galaxy), 11:61 NGC 4649 (galaxy), 12:24 NGC 5367 (), 9:55, 57 NGC 5371 (spiral galaxy), 12:85 NGC 5963 (spiral galaxy), 3:85 NGC 5965 (spiral galaxy), 3:85 NGC 6188 (emission nebula), 10:94–95 NGC 6193 (open cluster), 9:55–57 NGC 6231 (star cluster), 9:56–57 NGC 6712 (globular cluster), 12:85 NGC 6752 (globular cluster), 5:87 NGC 6781 (planetary nebula), 9:61 NGC 6791 (star cluster), 10:20 NGC 6834 (open cluster), 6:84 NGC 6871 (open cluster), 9:68 NGC 6913 (M29) open cluster, 9:68 NGC 6946 (Fireworks Galaxy), 11:58 NGC 7000 (), 9:62 NGC 7160 (star cluster), 10:85 NGC 7662 (Blue Snowball), 9:63 NH2CH2CN (amino acetonitrile), 7:25 Nix (Pluto’s moon), 2:21 North America Nebula (NGC 7000), 9:62 North Korea, 2:20 Norway, 11:62–67 novae, 11:23, 12:28. See also supernovae Novaya-Zemlya effect, 11:12 NP101is (telescope), 1:74–77 NTT (New Technology Telescope), 6:25 NuSTAR mission, 1:22

O observation, astronomical of “odd-couples”, 1:64–67 summertime, 7:70–71 observatories. See also names of specific observatories domes, 5:70–71 historic, 4:62–63 Obsession 18 inch Ultra Compact telescope, 4:68–69 occultation of Mars by Moon, 8:95 of stars by Earth, 8:75 Ocean Surface Topography Mission (OSTM) satellite, 12:23 Omega Centauri (globular star cluster), 7:22 open clusters, 2:60–63. See also names of specific open clusters Ophiuchus (galaxy cluster), 5:21 Opportunity rover budget cuts, 6:22 climbs out of Victoria Crater, 12:23 loss of tool-carrying arm, 8:23 Orion 102mm f/7 ED telescope, 10:78–79 Orion BT70 binocular telescope, 3:72–73 Orion jettison engine, 11:22 Orion Nebula (M42) binary star system in, 10:26 distance to, 2:17 star-forming regions in, 10:23 Orion spacecraft, 7:23 OSTM (Ocean Surface Topography Mission) satellite, 12:23 Owl Cluster (NGC 457), 9:63 oxygen, free, 6:13 ozone layer, 2:17

P π (pi), 11:12 PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), 11:23 Palomar Mountain Observatory, 1:26 panspermia hypothesis, 4:56–57 Pan-STARRS-1 telescope, 1:22 particle entanglement theory, 7:14 Pelican Nebula (IC 5070), 5:86 Pencil Nebula, 4:20–21 Peony Nebula star, 11:24 Permian period, 4:39 Perseid meteors, 8:14 PHAs (potentially hazardous asteroids), 2:21 Phobos (Mars’ moon), 9:48–49 Phoenix lander landing date, 1:37 landing technique, 5:22 microscopic images from, 9:18–19 overview of, 9:50–53 , 8:74–75 pi (π), 11:12 Pinwheel Galaxy (M101), 4:79, 11:23, 60–61 Planck space mission, 9:28–33 planemos, 7:58 planetariums, 12:23 planetary nebulae, see names of specific planetary nebulae planetesimals, 3:71 planets. See also exoplanets; names of specific planets dwarf, 3:71 formation of giant, 10:23 rings around, 1:22 roundness of, 8:74 star cluster, 1:14 Pluto, 2:21 plutoids, 11:16 (star), 8:94 Pollux (star), 2:70 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 11:23 potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs), 2:21 Prawn Nebula (IC 4628), 10:93 Ptolemaeus Crater (feature on Moon), 5:86 Pulsar Search Collaboratory, 1:25 pulsars affirmation of theory of relativity through observation of, 10:21 binary system, 2:21 student efforts to document, 1:25 pulsating carbon white dwarves, 8:22

Q quark stars, 9:20 QuickSCAT satellite, 10:21

R R Leporis (Hind’s crimson star), 6:87 radiation converting to electricity, 7:23 risks to astronauts, 1:22 radio telescopes. See also names of specific radio telescopes Deep Space Network (DSN), 5:56–61, 6:23 for Moon’s far side, 6:23 Murchison Wide-Field Array, 5:38–43 study of 3C273 (galaxy), 1:22 radio waves, effect on ionosphere, 5:21 radio-emitting stars, 4:26 red giant stars, 1:33, 9:58, 10:84 reflection nebulae, 4:79, 9:55, 57 Regolith Excavation Challenge, 6:25 Regulus (star), 1:64–65 relativity, theory of, 9:22–27, 10:21 Rhea (Saturn’s moon), 6:27 and , 6:63 ring galaxies, 3:86 Ring Nebula (M57), 9:61–62 rings, plantary, 1:22, 12:18–19 rockets, see names of specific rockets Rosette Nebula (NGC 2237-9), 7:79 RS Pup (Cepheid variable star), 6:23 Ruprecht 173 (open cluster), 9:68 experiments on missions to Mars, 2:17 Foton-M bio-satellite, 1:22 space tourism, 11:19 Yasniy satellite launch site, 4:24

S Saggese, Enrico, 12:23 satellites. See also names of specific satellites heat-regulating skin for, 12:28 redistributing thruster fuel on, 2:17 viewing, 6:74 Saturn. See also names of moons orbiting Cassini mission, 10:28–33 image of, 9:79 rings of, 1:22 storms on, 8:22 wave-like pattern of temperature change, 9:20 SDSS (), 3:45–51, 12:28 Selenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE), 7:26 Shackleton Crater (feature on Moon), 12:24 Sharpless 2-9 (emission nebula), 1:91 Sharpless 2-16 (emission nebula), 10:95 Sharpless 2-17 (emission nebula), 10:95 Sharpless 2-18 (emission nebula), 10:95 Sharpless 2-19 (emission nebula), 10:95 Sharpless 2-20 (emission nebula), 10:95 Sharpless 2-82 (emission and reflection nebula), 4:79 Sharpless 2-124 (emission nebula), 4:80 Sharpless 2-263 (emission nebula), 8:95 Sharpless 2-276 (emission nebula), 3:14–15 Sharpless 2-278 (emission nebula), 5:87 Sharpless 2-302 (emission nebula), 6:87 SLC (Space Launch Complex) 36, 12:28 Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), 3:45–51, 12:28 small molecular clouds (SMCs), 9:54, 57 Small Sagittarius Star Cloud (M24), 8:18 small-aperture telescopes, 6:71 SMCs (small molecular clouds), 9:54, 57 SN 1006 (supernova remnant), 10:24 SOFIA (jet-based infrared telescope), 5:21 SOHO spacecraft, 10:21 solar eclipses, 7:67–69, 10:74–77, 11:86–88 solar flares on BO Microscopii, 4:25 on EV Lacertae, 9:20 superstorms, 9:34–39 Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment satellite, 3:18 solar system, shape of, 4:26 solar wind, 4:26 Southern Whirlpool Galaxy (M83), 10:95 Soyuz TMA-11 (spacecraft), 9:16 Space Adventures company, 11:19 Space Age, 50th anniversary of, 1:25 space elevators, 7:23 space junk, 6:40–43 Space Launch Complex (SLC) 36, 12:28 Columbia xenon experiment data, 10:26 final observable fireball from, 10:22 rotation of after launch, 12:63 space tourism, 11:19 spacecraft. See also names of specific spacecraft Interplanetary Superhighway, 11:38–43 profile of current, 10:64–65 velocity of flybys, 6:20 SpaceShipTwo (space plane), 5:21 SpaceWorks Engineering company, 6:25 SpaceX company, 11:23 special-purpose dexterous manipulator (Dextre), 1:24, 6:25 spiral galaxies, 3:86, 9:59, 11:56. See also names of specific spiral galaxies Spirit rover, 6:22 cosmic ice storm, 1:27 W5 (star-forming cloud), 12:20 SS Cygni (star), 9:67 star clusters, 5:22. See also names of specific star clusters star diagonals, 4:56–57 starbursts, 3:64–69 Stardust (spacecraft), 4:56 star-forming regions, 10:12–13, 23 Starmaster telescope, 7:62–65 stars. See also names of specific stars antimatter, 1:63 apparent motion of, 10:16–17 binary systems, 2:21, 10:26 direct versus indirect observation of, 7:20–21 formation of far from , 8:23 formation of in galaxy’s “tail”, 1:27 Hipparcos catalog of distances to, 1:25 imaging disks of, 6:62 methods of measuring diameters of, 12:62–63 neutron, 2:59 pulsating carbon white dwarves, 8:22 quark, 9:20 radio emissions from, 4:26 radio-emitting, 4:26 red giant, 1:33, 9:58, 10:84 Sun-like “helper stars”, 6:24 Sun-like with dust disks, 6:18 variable, 6:23, 12:76 visibility of disks of, 10:73 white-dwarf, 3:18, 8:22, 10:20 Wolf-Rayet, 7:34–39 STEREO spacecraft, 11:23 Stern, S. Alan (planetary scientist), 7:23 Stock 2 (open cluster), 11:76 Stock 5 (open cluster), 11:76 Stonehenge, 7:52–57 storms on Jupiter, 9:14, 11:22 on Saturn, 8:22 soap bubbles reveal process of, 8:22 solar, 9:34–39 Subaru telescope (Hawaii), 4:26 Sun Alfvén waves, 1:22 arcs, 1:16–17 coronal mass ejections (CMEs), 3:18 death of, 12:38–43 eclipses of, 7:67–69, 10:74–77, 11:86–88 halos, 1:16–17 heat of corona, 3:70 Hydrogen-alpha images of, 5:84–85, 12:84 Novaya-Zemlya effect, 11:14–15 observing, 4:64–65 photographing, 4:66–67 physical makeup of, 5:16 Solar Cycle 24, 5:21 solar fountains, 8:27 Sunflower Galaxy (M63), 11:59–60 super-Earths, 9:21, 11:26–31 supernovae. See also names of specific supernovae dust from, 4:26 effects on Earth of nearby, 1:62–63 frequency of, 10:72–73 quark star birth, 9:20 Swan (Comet C/2006 M4), 12:85 Swan Nebula (M17), 8:18

T Tau Boötis (star), 6:27 Tele Vue Ethos eyepiece, 5:68–69 Tele Vue NP101is (telescope), 1:74–77 telescopes. See also names of specific telescopes: radio telescopes 23 best, 10:supplement care and maintenance of, 12:74 eyepieces, 1:78 factors affecting visibility, 11:75 Hydrogen-alpha, 12:84 invention of, 8:84–86 modifying old, 5:72 small-aperture, 6:71 star diagonals, 4:56–57 Sun-observing UV, 2:17 visibility of stars’ disks by, 10:73 Texas Petawatt Laser, 7:23 THEMIS mission, 11:18 Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), 9:20 thunderstorms, 6:23 tides, 3:18 Titan (Saturn’ moon) confirmation of liquid ethane lakes on, 12:27 liquid hydrocarbons, 5:21 possible seas on, 1:32–33 possible underground ocean, 6:22 TMT (Thirty Meter Telescope), 9:20 Trumpler 1 (open cluster), 5:85 Tunguska incident, 5:24, 10:21 Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), 3:41–43

U Ulysses spacecraft extension of mission, 3:21 orbit of, 4:24 shutdown of, 9:14 unidentified flying objects (UFOs), 3:12 universe blocking of light by dust, 9:20 expansion of, 2:59, 7:14 looking backward in time at distant objects, 6:62–63 shape of, 4:28–33 uranium, 9:58 Uranus, rings of, 12:18–19 U.S. Professor of the Year Award, 3:21 USA-193 (spy satellite), 7:24

V V598 Puppis (nova), 12:28 V1280 Scorpii (star), 11:23 Van Allen Belts, 3:18 Van den Bergh 152 (VdB 152) (molecular cloud), 9:78 Vanguard 1 (satellite), 3:20 variable stars, 6:23, 12:76 VdB 152 (Van den Bergh 152) molecular cloud, 9:78 Veil Nebula, 6:56–61 Venus conjunction with Moon, 5:88 conjunction with Moon and Mercury, 8:95 exploration of, 10:66–71 hydroxyl molecules in atmosphere of, 9:20 images of, 9:79, 10:93 possible existence of water, 1:27 mission, 3:18, 10:66–71, 11:23 new wide-angle, near-infrared camera, 2:17 role in movie, 7:23 Vixen BT-125-A binoculars, 11:72–73 volcanos, 3:17, 9:20 (spacecraft), 8:41–42 Voyager 2 (spacecraft), 4:23, 8:41–42, 10:18

W W5 (star-forming cloud), 12:20 web sites, astronomy-related, 2:68 webcams, 11:68–71 Whale Galaxy (NGC 4631), 11:61 Whirlpool Galaxy (M51), 11:60 white-dwarf stars, 3:18, 8:22, 10:20 wide-field imaging, 6:66–69 Wild Duck Cluster (M11), 9:61 Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), 4:28–33, 7:23 Winter Triangle, 3:76 Witch Head Nebula, 5:85 WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe), 4:28–33, 7:23 WMAP satellite, 6:23 WOH G64 (star), 10:23 Wolf-Rayet stars, 7:34–39

Y Yasniy satellite launch site, 4:24 Yi So-yeon (astronaut), 7:23

Z Zeta (ζ) Cephei (star), 10:85