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Diplomarbeit View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Mythos Methode – Paradox über den Strasberg“ Verfasser Johannes Minichmair angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2010 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 317 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Theater-, Film- und Medienwissenschaft Betreuerin / Betreuer: a.O. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Brigitte Marschall Inhaltsverzeichnis Danksagung.................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Einleitung ............................................................................................................................... 5 2. Definitionen............................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 „Mythos“ ............................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 „Paradox“ .............................................................................................................................. 9 3. Lee Strasberg (1901-1982).................................................................................................. 11 4. Was ist „the Method“?........................................................................................................ 13 5. Der Weg der Methode – von Russland nach Amerika .................................................... 16 5.1 Konstantin Stanislawski........................................................................................ 16 5.1.1 Das Moskauer Künstlertheater.............................................................................. 17 5.1.2 Die bewusste Arbeit mit den Sinnen..................................................................... 21 5.2 Das American Laboratory Theatre........................................................................ 22 5.3 Das Group Theatre................................................................................................ 24 5.3.1 Psychologie vs. Soziologie vs. Behaviorismus – „Method Acting“ interpretiert von Lee Strasberg, Stella Adler und Sanford Meisner.......................................... 27 5.3.1.1 Lee Strasberg................................................................................................. 28 5.3.1.2 Stella Adler.................................................................................................... 31 5.3.1.3 Sanford Meisner............................................................................................ 33 5.3.2 Die Methode als Monopol..................................................................................... 35 5.3.3 Was ist der Anspruch der Methode? ..................................................................... 37 5.3.3.1 „sense memory“ ............................................................................................ 38 5.3.3.2 Das affektive Gedächtnis .............................................................................. 41 5.4 The Actors Studio.................................................................................................. 43 5.4.1 „private moment“.................................................................................................. 45 5.4.2 „song and dance exercise“..................................................................................... 46 5.4.3 Wie arbeitet Strasberg mit seinen „Method-Schauspielern“? ............................... 46 5.5 Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute.............................................................. 51 5.5.1 Der Unterrichtsaufbau........................................................................................... 52 5.5.2 Der Unterrichtsablauf............................................................................................ 53 5.5.2.1 „relaxation“ ................................................................................................... 53 5.5.2.2 „breakfast drink“ ........................................................................................... 55 5.5.2.3 „animal exercise“ .......................................................................................... 57 5.5.2.4 „Gibberish” (Kauderwelsch)........................................................................ 58 5.5.2.5 What is a simple scene? ................................................................................ 58 5.5.3 Nach der Schule, der Einstieg ins Berufsleben ..................................................... 60 6. Von Stanislawski zu Strasberg – Die Methode als „Kompaktausgabe“ des Systems?. 61 6.1 Was unterscheidet Strasberg von Stanislawski? – „Methode“ vs. „System“........ 61 6.1.1 Psychotechnik........................................................................................................ 62 6.1.2 Handlung............................................................................................................... 64 6.1.3 Phantasie................................................................................................................ 65 6.1.4 Improvisation (und der dazugehörige ”Untertext“)............................................... 68 6.1.5 Charakterisierung der Rolle .................................................................................. 70 2 6.1.6 Muskelentspannung............................................................................................... 73 6.1.7 Konzentration........................................................................................................ 75 6.1.8 Handwerkliche Aspekte – die schauspielerischen „Instrumente“ Stimme und Körper ............................................................................................... 77 6.2 Anmerkungen zum System und zur Methode....................................................... 80 7. Die Methode und ihre Anwendung in unterschiedlichen Medienformaten................... 83 7.1 Analyse der Dramatiker und ihrer Werke ............................................................. 85 7.2 Die Methode als Marketingstrategie? ................................................................... 95 8. Die „andere Seite“ der Methode ........................................................................................ 97 8.1 Alltag, Wirklichkeit und Kunst............................................................................. 97 8.2 Die Methode und andere theatertheoretische Ansätze .......................................... 98 8.2.1 Wsewolod Meyerhold ........................................................................................... 99 8.2.2 Jerzy Grotowski..................................................................................................... 99 8.2.3 Eugenio Barba..................................................................................................... 101 8.2.4 Bertolt Brecht...................................................................................................... 102 8.2.5 Joseph Chaikin .................................................................................................... 104 8.3 Kritiken an der Methode ..................................................................................... 106 8.4 Lee Strasberg aus der Sicht von Kollegen und Schülern .................................... 108 8.5 Risiken und Nebenwirkungen der Methode........................................................ 110 8.6 Die Aufnahmegebühr am Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute................... 113 9. Fazit .................................................................................................................................... 119 Bibliographie.............................................................................................................................. 122 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 126 Lebenslauf.................................................................................................................................. 127 3 Danksagung Während des Studiums und der Erarbeitung der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit haben mich viele Personen begleitet und unterstützt. Dafür möchte ich mich ganz herzlich bedanken. Mein Dank gilt: meiner Familie, vor allem meinen Eltern , ohne die das Studium der Theater-, Film- und Medienwissenschaft nicht möglich gewesen wäre, meiner Betreuerin - ao. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Brigitte Marschall - für ihre Unterstützung und dafür, dass sie jede meiner unzähligen Mails beantwortet hat, Herrn Erich Sitz, MBA für seine Hilfestellung bei der Gliederung, seine praktischen Ratschläge und seinen moralischen Beistand, dem Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute, besonders Patricia Rosado für die Auskünfte. 4 1. Einleitung Wird im Bereich Schauspiel Forschung betrieben, stößt man unweigerlich auf den Begriff „Method Acting“. Dieser von Lee Strasberg geprägte (und in den 1950er Jahren durch den Filmschauspieler Marlon Brando berühmt gewordene) Terminus entstand aus den Lehren Konstantin Stanislawskis – dem „System“ – und seinen naturalistischen Darstellungsformen. Die so genannte „Methode“ beinhaltet jedoch auch andere Komponenten, Elemente und praktische Übungen, die im Laufe der Jahre von Strasberg aufgegriffen wurden, um zur Komplettierung der „Methode“ beizutragen. Bis heute gilt sie als eine der bekanntesten und einflussreichsten
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