Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress. 1947

OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING

UNITED STATES GOVERXhIEXT PRIKTIKG OFFICE

\VASHINGTON : 194s

CONTENTS

P:\GE Introduction ...... 11-23 C:hapter I. The Special Service to Congress ...... 24-28 Chapter I1. The Reference Services...... : ...... 29-59 Chapter 111. The Acquisition of Materials ...... 60-68 Chapter IV. Organization of the Collections ...... 69-79 Chapter V . Administration, Personnel, Finance ...... 81-90 Chapter VI . The Copyright Office ...... 91-98 .APPENDICES : Appcnclis.1. Report of the Lihrary of Congress Planning Committee .... 101-108 Appcnclix I1. Proposal for a National Bibliography and Bibliograpllical Control ...... 109-115 Appcndis 111. General Order 1321, May 21. 1947...... 116 Appcndis IV. Statistics of Reader and Reference Service ...... 1 17-1 19 Appenclis V. List of P~iblications...... 120-127 Appcndis VI. Partial List of Reports prcparcd in the Legislative Rcfcrencc Service ...... 128-132 Appenclis VII . Rccorcl of Principal Exhibits ...... 133-1 36 Appendix VIII . Record of Concerts ...... 137-1 38 .4 ppendis IS. Pl~otocluplicationStatistics ...... 139 Appendix S. Recording Laboratory Statistics ...... 140 Appcnclis XI. Statistics of Acquisitions ...... 141-143 Appclldis XI1. Statistics of Cataloging and h4aintenance of Catalogs .... 144-147 Appcndis XI11. Statistics of Distribution of Card Indexes, Fiscal Years 1946 and 1937 ...... 148-150 Appc-ndis SIV. Statistics of Binding, Fiscal Years 1946 and 1947 ...... 151 .4 pperidis XV. Gcncral Orders Issued ...... 152 -4ppenclis SVI. Statistics of Employment and Pcrsonncl Actions ...... 153-155 Appendix SVII. Financial Statistics ...... 156-1 68 Appcnclis SVIII. Statistics of Visitors, Fiscal Years 1946 and 1947 ...... 169 Appenclis XIS. Legislation Specifically Relating to the Library of C'o11gl.c~~ ...... 170-171 INDEX ...... 173.- 181 Library of Congress Trust Fund Board

An act of Congress, approved March 3, 1925, created the Library of Congress Trust Fund Board, a quasi-corporation with perpetual succession and all the usual powers of a trustee, including the power "to invest, reinvest, and retain investments" and, specifically7the authority "to accept, receive, hold, and administer such gifts, bequests, or devises of property for the benefit of, or in connection with the Library, its collections, or its service, as may be approved by the board and by the Joint Committee on the Library." A notable provision of the act (section 2, last paragraph) permits endowment funds, up to a total limit of 55,000,000, to be treated as a perpetual loan to the United States Treasury, at an assured interest of four percent per annum.

Members of the Board, jl'bvetnbtr 75, 7947.

JOHN W. SNYDER,Secretary of the Treasury, chairman. SENATORC. WAYLANDBROOKS,Cllairman of Joint Committee on thc Library. LUTHERHARRISEVANS,Librarian of Congress, secretary. ADOLPHC. MILLER,ESQ. [Tcrnl espires Alarcfi 9, 7949.1 Mrs. EUGENEMEYER. [Term espires Alarcfl 9, 7950.1 For111 of Gift or Bequest to the Library of Congress

"To the United States of America, to be placed in the Library of Congress and administered tllerein by the authorities thereof." Of nloney for irnrnediate application: (a) Gctleral Gyt-"To the Unitcd States of America, to be deposited with the Treasurer of the Unitcd States to the credit of the Library of Congress, subject to disbursement by the Librarian of Congrcss." (b) S'ecQic Gift-"To the United States of America, to be deposited with the Treasurer of the Unitcd States to the credit of the Library of Congress subject to disbursement by the Librarian of Congress in fi~rtheranceof [*describe specific purpose].'' *Gifts or bequests may be contributed for any specific purpose consistent with the genera1 program of the Library of Congress by indicating the purposc in the wording of the form of the gift or bequest. E.an1jlc: Gift or Bequest to thc Library Program for the Blind-"To the United States of America, to be deposited with the Treasurer of the United States to the credit of the Library of Congress, subject to disbursement by the Librarian of Congress in furtherance of the Library Program for the Blind." Of cndoivments of money, securities, or other property: "To the United States of America, to be administered by the Library of Congress Trust Fund Board for the benefit of, or in connection with, the Library of Congrcss, its collections, or its service." NoTE.-G$s or brqlrcsts to or for the bcntjit of tile Librarji, and the income tflerefrorn, are e.w~nptfrom tasation by the jrovisions of Title 2, Section 767, U. S. Code as foliozos: "Gifts or beq~cslsor devises to or for tile benFJil of the Library of Cor~~ress,incllrditig tliose to tfie board, and tfie itlcorne tflertfrorn, shall be c.~en~ptfronz all Fcderol fn.vcs, it~clrrdi~~gall tascs levicd by tfie District of Collinlbia." Officers of the Library of Congress

LUTHERHARRISEVANS,Librarian of Congress HERBERTPUTNAM, Librarian Emeritus

OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN: Leslie W. Dunlap, Assistant Chief. Marlene D. Wright, Special Assistant (from Netherlands Studies Unit, Bertus H. August 21, 1947). Wabeke, Chief Bibliographer (until Alva B. Walker, Administrative Secretary (from June 1, 1947). May 19, 1947). Slavic Room, John T. Dorosh, Curator. OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ASSISTANT LI- Hispanic Foundation: BRARIAN: Lewis Hanke, Director. Francisco .4guilera, Assistant Director. VERNER W. CLAPP, Chief Assistant Librarian (from March 5, 1947). Manuscripts Division: Division for the Blind, Senophon P. Smith, St. George Leakin Sioussat, Chief. Director. Thomas P. Martin, Assistant Chief. Exhibits ORice, Herbert J. Sanborn, Exhibits Maps Division, Burton W. Adkinson, Chie Officer. (from October 2, 1947). Information and Publications Officc, Milton M. Music Division : Plumb, Jr., Information and Publications Harold S. Spivacke, Chief. Officer. Edward N. Waters, Assistant Chief. Keeper of the Collections, Alvin W. Kremer. Folklore Section: Motion Picture Division, John G. Bradley, Duncan Black Macdonald Emrich, Chief. Director (the Division was abolishcd on July John -4. Lomas, Honorary Curator. 31, 1947). Collection of Stradivari String Instru- ments: REFERENCE DEPARTMENT Mrs. Gertrude Clarke Whittall, Honor- ary Curator. DAVID CHAMBERS MEARNS, Director. Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge Foundation Circulation Service: for the i\dvancement of Music: Donald G. Patterson, Assistant Director. Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, Mem- Loan Division : ber, Advisory Committee. Elsie Rackstraw, Chief. Recording Laboratory, Arthur D. Harold 0. Thomen, Assistant Chief. Semmig, Chief Engineer (until June Library Station at the Capital, Harold S. 30, 1947). Lincoln, Custodian. Orientalia Division, Arthur W. Hummel, Serials Division : Chief. Henry S. Parsons, Chief (until August 31, Hebraic Section, Theodor Herzl Gaster, 1947). Chief (until October 1, 1947). Archibald B. Evans, Chief (from September 1, 1947). Indic Section, Horace I. Poleman, Chief. Stack and Reader Division: Japanese Section, John R. Shively, Chief. Willard Webb, Chief. Near East Section: Alpheus L. Walter, Jr., Assistant Chief. Harold W. Glidden, Chief (on leave of Public Reference Service: absence from January 30, 1947). Frederick H. Wagman, Assistant Director Sidney Glazer, Chief (from February 17, (from August 26, 1946 until August 31, 1947). 1947). Prints and Photographs Division: Aeronautics Division, Richard S. F. Eells, Chief. Paul Vanderbilt, Acting Chief. General Reference and Bibliography Division: Alice Lee Parker, Assistant Chief and Robert C. Gooch, Chief. Curator of Fine Prints. 5 KEI'OR'T OF THE I,IBRr\liI.-IN OF CONGIIESS, 1947

Photograph Collection, Hirst I). hlilhollcn, Slavic History, Sergius Yakol~son. Curator. Swedish Publications, Carl Olof von Feilitzcn. Rare Books Division, Frederick R. Goff, Chicf. Use of Printcd Cards, Charlcs Harris Hastings hiicrofilin Kcading Iiooin, 1:austinc I>cnnis, (Honorary). Curator. Wartime Commu~lications, Harold D. Lasswell Special Pro-jccts: (Honorary). Ccnsus Library I'rojcct, Hcnry J. I>rll~cstcr, Chicf. LEGISL:\TI\'E REFERENCE SER\'IC:E Science and 'I'cchnology Project, hlortimt-r Taubc, Chicf (from June 3, 1947). ERNEST S. GRIFFITH, Dircctor. Ofice of Scientific Kcsearch and Dcvclop- IVilfrcd C. Gilbert, Llssistant Dircctor. mcnt I'rojcct: h~lcrlinH. Nipc, Esccutive Oficer. G. \'ernon Hooker, :\cting Hcacl (until George Hcron hlilnc, Custodian of the Con- Octobcr 19, 1947). gressional Reading Room. Hcnry L. Brc~vcr,d\cting Head (from IfV. Brookc Graves, Chief, State La\\. Section. Octo1,cr 20, 1947). Jaincs P. liadigan, Jr., Chief, Fcdcral Ida\\- Thomas .Jefferson Library Catalog Projcct, Scction. E. h.Iilliccnt So\vcrby, Bibliographer. hlarsarct H. B. Blachly, Chicf, Information U11ilt.rl S/nlt:r Q/rcir/arly Book Lisl, Joseph 1'. Section. Blickcnsdcrfcr, Editor. LA&V LIBRARY

CONSULTANTS OF TIIE LIRR.-IKY OF COKCRICSS FIi:\NCIS S.D\,VYER, :\cting Law Librarian. William Crouch, Assistant in Charge, Law Acquisition of Rare Books, Lawrcncc C. IVroth. Library at the Capitol. Care of hlanuscripts and I'archmcnts, Gcorgc Leslie Stout (Honorary). PROCESSING DEP:\RTh4ENT Coininittee to Select Prints for Purchase under the Penncll Fund: HERh,I:\N H. HENKLE, Director (until August Alice Lee Parkrl-, John Taylor Arms, Stow 29, 1947). Wengcnroth. FREDERICK H. \.V.-\Gh,f:\N, Dircctor (from De\~elopment of tllc Oricntalia Collections, September 1, 1947). Walter T. Swingle (Honorary). James B. Childs, Xssistant Dircctor for Planning. Econoinic Literature, Otto Nathan. John W. Cronin, Assistant Director for Catalog- French Literature, :llesis St.-LCger LCgcr (Honor- ing. ary). Dan h4. Lacy, Assistant Dircctor for 'Acquisi- Geography, Colonel La\rrence h*iartin (Honor- tions (from Octobcr 14, 1947). ary). John L. Nolan, Selection Oficer and Editor of History of Canon Law, Stcphan George Kuttncr the Qlrartrrly Jo~rr~aloJ C~rrretrtrlcqltisitio~ls. (Honorary). Binding Division, Gcorgc E. Smith, Chief. Japanese La\\,, IVilliam Joseph Scbald (Honor- Card Division : ary). Nathaniel J. Stc\vart, Chicf (until :\ugust Latin American Law, Sccundino \'Azquez. 25, 1947). Library Scicnce, Dr. Ernesto G. Gictz. Edward A. Finlayson, Chief (from :\ugust Library Scrvice to Fcdcral i\gencics, .Harry J. 28, 1947). Krould. Catalog Maintenance Division, Seymour Paleography, Elias Avery Lowc (Honorary). Lubetzky, Chief (from October 6, 1947). Philately, James IValdo Fawcctt (Honorary). Descriptive Cataloging Division: Philosophy, David Baumgardt. Lucile M. Morsch, Chicf. Planning of the Collections, Harry hlillcr Lydcn- Hazel Bartlett, Principal Cataloger and berg (Honorary). Deputy Chief, (until May 31, 1947). Poetry in English: Eschange and Gift Division, Thomas R. Bar- Karl Shapiro (until September 17, 1947). cus, Chief. Robert T. S. Lowell (from September 17,1947). Order Division, Alton H. Keller, Chief. Pucrto Rican Bibliography, Arturo Morales. Serial Record Division: Roman Law, Francesco Lardone (Honorary). Faith Bradford, Chicf. Science, haorris C. Leikind. Marjorie B. Lynn, Assistant Chief. OFFICERS OF THE LIBR;\RY OF C:OKGRESS 7

Sul>jcct Cataloging Ilivision: I'ortcr, Karl Sliapiro, rl'l~codoreSpencer, Allen Davicl J. Haykin, Chief. Tatc, \Irillard Thorp, Robert Pcnn Warren. Leo E. LaMontagnc, Principal C:atalogcr and Dcpiity Chief. COPYRIGHT OFFICE Union Catalog Division: SAh4 BLISS i\r:IRNER, Register of Copyrights. George A. Sch\vc.gmann, Jr., Chief. Arthur Fisher, Associate Register of Copyrights Lewis C. Cofin, Assistant Chief. (from :Iugust 19, 1346). Flrilliam P. Siegfried, ilssistant Register. I:ELLO\t'S OF TlIE LIBRARY OF COXCRESS IID~IINISTRATIVEDEPrIRThlENT ilmerican History, Donald H. hlugriclgc. JOHN C. L. IINI~REIISSES, Director (from rlmcrican hregro Stuclics, E. Franklin Fsazicr. Fcbriiary 24, 1947). iIrchiva1 Scicncc, Oliver \Y. Holmes. Julius Davidson, Xssistant Ilircctor (from Brazilian and Portugucsc Stiidics, Robcrt C:. November 19, 1946). Smith. hiarlcnc D. Wright, Esccutivc Assistant (until Chemistry, Byron :I. Soulc. :Illgust 20, 1947). Education, hias Lcclcrcr and \,VillarcI 0.bliscllofl. :lccounts Office, Kenneth X. Ryan, rlccount- English Bibliography, ~Irthur:\. Houghton, Jr. ing Officer. Euro[~canLabor Problems, Otto Ncuburgcr. Biiildings and Grounds: Fine :\rts, Huntington Cairns, hlacgill James, \Villiam C. Bond, Superintendent. Charlcs Seymour and John \,Iralkcr. Lewis L. Cogan, Assistant Superintendent. Folklore, Benjamin :I. Botkin. C. Eldon Ray, Chief Engineer. Gcology, William E. Powers. Disbursing Oficc, IVilliam \V. Rossitcr, Dis- Germanic Literature, Thomas hiann. I~ursingOficcr. Library Science, Jerrold Orne. Guard Division, Joseph E. hlullancy, Captain Map Collection, Floyd E. hlasten. of the Guard. hiiilitary Scicncc, Edwarcl Mead Earlc. Personnel Office, Gcorgc rl. Pughe, Jr., hlodcrn English Letters, \Y. Somerset Aiaughani. Director of Pcrsonncl. hlodcrn European History, Richard H. Hcindcl. Photoduplication Service, Donald C. Holmes, Naval History, Waldo Chamberlin. Chief. Near Eastern Studies, IValter Livingston IVright, Secretary's Office, hiildrcd C. Portner, Sccre- Jr. tary of the Library. Population, Edward P. Hutchinson. Supply Office, Gcorgc IV. hforgan, Supply Slavic Languages and Literatures, Flancis J. Officer. Whitfield. Tabulating Office,John I. hlechan,Tabulating Technology, Manucl Sanchez. Officer. War Bibliography, Sidney Krarner. LIBRrIRY PRINTING IIND BINDING FELLOIVS OF TIIE LIBRARY OF COXCRESS IS AMERICAS BRANCH OF THE GO17ERNMENT LETTERS PRINTING OFFICE

Conrad .4ikcn, Wystan Hugh Auden, Louise Harry Falk, Superintendent. Bogan, Katherine Garrison Chapin, Paul Albert F. Cogswell, Foreman of Printing. Green, Thomas Stearns Eliot, Katherine :Innc Michael M. Burke, Foreman of Binding.

Report of the Librarian of Congress

The President of the Senate: The Speaker of the House of Representatives: IR: I have the honor to submit my report as Librarian of Congress S for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1947. The report consists of the material herewith presented and a supplement to this report published, for the convenience of the public, under the title Qtrarterly Journal of Current Acqttisitions. The four issues of the supplement covering the year ending June 30, 1947, are submitted herewith. LUTHERHARRISEVANS, Librarian cf Congress.

Introduction

NSTITUTIONS, like individuals, look methods, of change of emphasis in the forivarcl to "settling back" after a long utilization of resources, and of proposals and arduous war, and to resuming the for new or enlarged activity. It has been fa~niliarand "nor~nal" hallits of existence entirely natural that in this process the from which war wrenched them. Perhaps fundamental policy itself, and the function this hope rtras always dclusi\*e; for peace, of the Lil~raryas a conaressional agency, which has its prol~lemsno less great than should come into question and be scruti- war, inherits in addition \var's unrcsol\~ed nized; and this has occurred in connection problems. No institution which shares to with the Lit ~rary'sbudget estimates. This any degree responsibility for the essential Report will describe the de\.elopments in acti\.itics of the society in which it is placed this respect also. can hope to escape not merely the need for continuous readjustment but also for I?flormatio?zP'ob'er'l reviewing at repeated intervals its role, its If a research library n,ere cornposed ol~jecti\~esand its methods; for formulating merely of an aclventitious collection of plans for attack on the new problems which books, together with the apparatus and have arisen, and for ~nakingplans for staff necessary to make these 11ooks avail- renewed attacks upon old problems pre- able to the readers who come to consult viously left unresolved or passed over. them, little reorientation to meet changing In the following paragraphs I have circumstances would perhaps be necessary. attempted to indicate the principal foci of But the problem lies exactly in the fact the activities of the Library of Congress that a research library cannot be an ad-. during the past year. These activities are ventitious collection of books, and that so numerous and so diverse in character readers come less and less to consult that at first glance the impression they books as such. They come--or Lvritc- or give is one of heterogeneity, and there telegraph-or telephone-not for t~ooks, seems to be no colnrnon policy or bond but for information, or rather for the uniting them. A closer inspection shows sources of information; and a research that the reverse is true; that these diverse library might still be doing a large part 11 activities really represent drives on differ- of its job if it could tell \\.hat and where I ent fronts towards a common ol~jective. the sources of information are, even if it But as the outlines of the ol~jccti\:echange, did not possess a single one of them. the orientation of the attack must shift A lil~raryis a great research lil~raryto accordingly, and the methods of approach the estent that it not only can tell what must be improved and adjusted. This is the sources are, but can also on demand i what has occurred in the Library of Con- produce a substantial number of them. gress, and it is especially to develop~nents This is, of course, by no means a new 'i of this kind that I wish to call attention situation. But there is no doubt that the I here. They have involved many instances pro ble~nsof providing infor~llation from J , of re-examination and readjustment of printed and other published sources are 12 REPORT OF THE LIBKAKIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947

more acute now than even before the war. for consulting sources at a distance, etc. For one thing, the war cxtinguishcd a But when all is said and done, presently number of established guides to these airailable guides to thc sources of inforln- sources at the same ti~nethat it multiplied ation are overlapping in their coverage and greatly diversified the sourccs thcm- and far fro111 suflicient in total co\.crage; selves. At the same time, Ily stimulating they involve great expenditure of effort in activity in allnost elvery ficld of research, it the use; and because they represent no greatly increased the use of the records coordinated plan either for analyzing the of pre\rious research. Every scientific sources of information or for indicating advance, like all other forlns of human the location of these sources, they expose progress, stands on the shoulders of its the libraries which attempt to give predecessors, and it is of the essence of reference services in connection with them research that its results should Ile pul~lished to the risk of enormous duplicative and and made available to other \vorkers in the therefore to a large extent probably field through indexes, al~stractsand lib- unneccssary costs. liographies. ,Just as the total amount of The Lil~raryof Congress has for many scientific investigation has increased (the years Ixcn a major distributor of informa- expenditures of the Unitccl Statcs Go\.crn- tion regarding sources of information- merit alone rose from 50 to 624 nil lions of thro~lghits checklists, bibliographies and dollars bet\\~cen1938 and 1947). so investi- other publications, and through its gations in other ficlcls ha1.e multiplied also. Union Catalog; I~utprincipally by the The persons conduct inq t hcse invest iga- si~nplecxpcdient of selling, in its printed tions are rightly not content to kno~vwhat catalog cards, the rcsults of its own work in has taken place in their ficlcls in the United the identification, description, shelf-ar- States alone; and a salient feature of post- rangenlent and suljjcct-analysis of the books war demand for information is its concern and pamphlets in its ocvn collections. Since with what has happened and is happening each one of these cards is a potential guide the world over. to a source of information, the nunlber of It is apparent to all-to lil~rariesand cards distributed annually (26,527,097 in perhaps more acutely to their users-that 1947) is by itself an emphatic index of the if arrangements for guiding the inquirer need for this kind of service. The develop- to the sources of information \\ere inade- ment of the catalog card distribution serv- quate before the war, they are intolerably ice at the I~eginninsof this century pro- inadequate nou-. It is true that many vided the library world at that time with excellent and time-tried techniques esist one of the greatest single advances in infor- for bringing to an inquirer's attention the mational technique which had until then sources of the information which he been achieved. requires-in bibliographies, checklists, in- In view of this relationship with the other dexes, abstractsj catalogs, union catalogs, libraries of the country-and through bibliographical centers, etc. These tech- them, 1vit11 the ultimate seekers of infor- niques have been made additionally useful mation-it is natural that much of the through generally adopted systems of discussion of this sul~jectduring the past interlibrary loan and through cheap and year should have involved the Library rapid reproduction by microfilm and either directly or indirectly. photostat. Other techniques are under The Library's own concern with the study or consideration, such as the use of problem is, of course, of long standing. punched-card mechanisms for sorting and Mr. MacLeish threw a strong light upon its selection, the use of teletype or television social significance in his Annual Report i INTRODUCTION

4 , for 1941, at a time when an arrangement rent hi bliographics, indeses, abstracts, and

1 for a special study of it had just been made. the like. ! Intermittent staff studies have progressed At first glance it appeared, in conse- ever since. The Library's direct relation- quence of these recommendations, that I ship in providing information to Congress, UNESCO should establish an elahorate I ! and its status as the largest of the Federal f~ibliographicalprogram. The matter was libraries make it obvious that its own stake del~atedat some length at the meetings of : in the solution of the problem is as great the United States National Commission I as that of any whom it affects, and greater for UNESCO, September 23-26, 1946, in i than that of any similar institution. which I served as chairman of the group I The activities of the past year which are clesignated to study this part of the pro- 1 the su11-ject of the several chapters of this posed program. It became evident that, ,i , Report are as diverse in character as they even if it were possible, it would be unde- i are numerous. They range from a "Docu- sirable for UNESCO to undertake opera- > i ments Expediting Project" and from a tions of this kind, and a much more i project for indexing the technological moderate role was rccomn~endedfor the i reports of naval contractors, to coopera- Organization-to study the prol>lerns and 1 tive participation in the preparation of a to facilitate, through interestecl and recurrent bil~liographyon Middle-Eastern sponsit~lc groups, the possit~le solutions. i affairs. But at the heart of all activity, This view pre\railccl; and was conveyed I more consciously this past year perhaps through the United States delegation to i than ever I~efore,has becn the search for the first meeting of the General Confer- i solutions to this infornlational problem. ence of UhTESCO in Paris the following hlovember, where the original proposal for -1 Bibliograpolhical Program of LIAfESCO a "\vorlcl bil~liographical center" \\-as I i replaced by a program of facilitation. A dernonstration of the inlportancc The Organization has since taken a num- f which investigators the world over attach I~erof steps in this direction, has conducted ! i to the informational problem was afforded discussions with interested parties in the in July 1946, at the final meeting of the United States, and is anxious to work in Preparatory Cornnlission for the United these matters with the Library of C:ongress. Nations Educational, Scientific and Cul- The Lil~rary,for its part, is seeking methods tural Organization. This conference was for the most effective expenditure of effort, charged with the duty of recommending and is consequently watching with con- a program for consideration at the first siderable interest the development of I meeting of the permanent body. Groups UNESCO's program, as well as that of i of esperts had been called together from the such other special international bodies member nations representing the various \vhich show promise of effecti\~enessin sciences, arts, education, mass media, etc., i this field.

, , to reconlnlend programs stemming from their special points of view. Although Cookerative Dislribulio~zProjects iI , these programs differed in alnlost every While the development of international I I other particular, they were agreed on one interest in the informational problem I point: from group after group came promises eventual solutions of considerable i 1 recommendations that UNESCO should importance, it is of course with develop- I i make arrangements for providing infor- ments nearer at hand that the Library's mation regarding the developn~entsin its activities have been principally concerned 14 REPORT OF THE LIBRAIIIrIN OF CONGRESS, 1947 a number of such develop~l~ents.The of Scientific Research and De\-clopmcnt. earliest of these ~vhichis of present concern In each of these cases, as distril~utionhas is the proposal for the cooperative acquisi- conti~l~lecl,it has bec~lfound that information of foreign pul)lications 11y American tion regarding the nlaterial has an import- research lil~rariescalled the Farnlington ance ranking with that of the material Plan. This Plan, which is mentioned itself: ancl that the prol~lemof a I)il~lio- later in this Report, was formulated in graphic rccord, through checklists, I~il~liog- 1942. \IThilc it is, in essence, a proposal raphies, union and coopcratii.e catalog- for rnaking ccrtain that there csists sorne- ing, has i~nmecliatclyal-iscn in con~lcction \vhere in the United States at lcast one with them. copy of cach foreign pul~lication of im- The distinction bet~vccnthese t\tToopera- portance to rcscarch, the Plan must be tions has beco~nevery clear in certain othcr taken into consideration in connection distribution projects in \vhich the Library with any I,il>liographic prosram bccause has participated, and in particular \vith of this fact: it is not suficicnt mercly to the progra~nof thc Ofice of Technical assure the esistcncc of one copy of a par- Scrviccs. Thc material \vhich is of intercst ticular pul~lication somc\vhcrc in the to this Office is pepliar in that it esists in country; it is necessary also to kno~vwhcrc single or fc\v copics only: consequcntly, thc in the country it is locatcd. Thc Plan plan of action has I~centhat the Oflicc involves, consequently, not only acquisi- 1)rcpares and publishes the bibliographic tion but union cataloging. Both proI,len~s record while the Library of Congress and are difficult, and progress in \\.orking them certain other spccializcd Federal 1il)rarics out is slolv. The Library has consistently give scrvicc in connection with the mate- supported the de\relopnlent of the Plan, rial, making it gcncrally available through and will continuc to do so. the sale of photographic copies. C:loscly allied in sonic'-rcspccts to the \' Bibliogral/2ical Plar~rlirr,. Farmington Plan. in the scnsc that thcy I in\,olve the distril~utionof a limited nurn- Thc nced for prompt ancl comprchcnsivc 1 i I~erof copics of rcscarch materials and the guides to sources of information has alivays consequent necessity for making knolvn the been present in the physical scicnccs: I~ut rccord of the location of these copics, are never \vas this necd morc prcssing than the various dis tril~ution programs which during the Lvar. It was not surprising the Litwary has directed in its olvn Ijehalf thcrcfore to find that, in the report and that of other libraries during the past (Science, file Errdless fiorlfi~r)which pointed year. Arnong these are the Cooperati\.c the way fro111 \vartime to peacetime scien- Acquisitions Project, which has now com- tific research, the problenl of providing 1 pleted its second ycar's work in gathering information regarding sources of informa- and disseminating the \vartime publication was given special attention. It was tions of \vestern Europe; the Documents there suggested, tentatively, that such Espediting Project which has had as its Federal agencies as the Library of Congress ol~jectivethe procurcment of the dificult- and the Army Medical Library might ap- to-obtain but extremely important printed propriately render much greater services and processed current publications of than thcy now do in the documenta!ion of Federal agencies; and finally the OSRD scientific literature through indexing and Project, whose purpose has been to collect, al~stractingactivities. document, and distribute the rcsults of This suggestion fro111 the head of the scientific and technological in\.estigations agency which coordinated wartime scien- carried on under the auspices of the Office tific research came almost sinli~ltaneously with a si~nilrtrsuggestion from a quite to cliscuss common problems, is mentioned different source. Since 1938 a Joint at greater length later in this Report. Co~nnlitteeon Indexing and Al~stracting Here again, one of the topics of most con- i11 the Major Fields of Research, repre- cern was the informational problem-this senting ten scientific and library associa- time from a hemispheric point of view- tions, had I~ccnmaking studies looking and a number of recommendations were to~vardthe possi1,ility of coordination of ~nadcfor its solution. effort in the bil~liographicalfield. Though These and other expressions of concern these studies were useful in analyzing the with the problem-both domestic and ~~roble~n,they \vex \vithout concrete international-do Inore than merely prove result. In 1945 the Committee tendered its universality. They indicate that the a final report, recommending the "prepa- world is ripe for the acceptance of a pro- ration of a general indexing and abstract- gram which may mark a distinct advance ing pro~ra~n\vhich ~\loulclinclucle all fields over anything achieved as yet. But the of research," 1.0 IIe carricd out Ijy a unit evolution of such a program presents vast ~vhich shoulcl Ile operated at but not difficulties. Perhaps there is al~nost necessarily I)y the Lil~raryof Congress. enough effort now being espcnded in Tivo rccen t contril~utionsto the discus- bibliographic work !o acco~nplishall the sion of the l,il~liographical problem may purposes of bibliography if the effort ivere also Ije ~nentioncd. The first of these is propcrly coordinated; but the task is to the conference hclcl last hTo\.eml~er under secure the coordination, and this task will the auspices of the American Lil~rary not easily be accomplished. There still ., Association at Princcton, New Jersey to remains much study and planning to be discuss the prol~lennsin\,olvcd in the inter- done. It is obvious that it must be com- national eschange of inSonnation. In the rnenced primarily upon a national scale, discussions it rapidly became apparcnt and it is therefore proper that tfle Library that any such eschange, if it is to be of Congress should take a certain respon- satisfactory, must rest eventually upon sibility for it. Bcsides, the Library has adequate national bil>liographical sys- itself so much to gain from an eventual tc~ns;ancl that even thc national system of solution of the problem that it is greatly the United States falls far shol-t of pro\-id- in its interest to hasten it by all the means ing co~nprchensive information. Anlong in its power. its t~venty-four reco~nmenclations, there- For these reasons I included in rny esti- fore, this Conference included several mates for 1947 a request for special funds \I-hich \\-ere acldressecl to the Lil~raryof to estal~lisha s~nallbibliographical plan- Congress, inclucling one of especial signing unit of tivo persons. Although this nificance, namely, a request upon the rcquest failed of acceptance, the Acting Lil~raryto prepare and present a plan for Chief of the Prints and Photographs Divi- creating a genuinely co~nprehensive sion, Mr. Paul Vanderl~ilt,has found it national bibliography of the United possible to give a portion of his time to States. assuring that some progress, even though A second recent discussion of the subject slow, is being made on this front. Al- was conducted at the first Assembly of though Mr. Vanderbilt has had this Librarians of the Americas which was held assignment for barely six months, I feel at the Library from May 12 to June 6 of that he has already achieved definite this year. This Assembly, which provided progress in a first report on the subject the first occasion on which the librarians which he prepared at the end of the fiscal of the \\'estern Hemisphere had ever met year for consideration at the American 16 REPORT OF THE LIBRARI.4N OF CONGRESS, 1947

Library Association's annual meeting and agencies which is co~~cerneclwith State which is reproduced in the Appendis. legislation had attempted, imperfectly, to Further developments in the solution of perform such a service itself. This service the general problem may therefore be was set up after conferences with other espected with confidence. Meanwhile, Federal ofices and in cooperation with the the more pressing and immediate tasks Council of State Governments; it published which require primary attention are those during the year indeses and abstracts of of supplying information and the sources 53,000 individual pieces of current State of infornlation in books, panlphlets, period- legislation. The continuance of this serv- icals, newspapers, go\7ern~nentdocuments, ice into the present year was, howevcr, manuscripts, maps, music, photographs, not authorized, and it has ceased. etc.; of giving special services with respect to Hispanic, Russian, Middle Eastern, Other Special Services Indic, ~cutheast Asiatic, Chinese and The Library has nevertheless .continued Japanese materials; of providing an acle- certain other special services for individual quate legislative reference service to govcrnn~entagencies on transferred funds. Members of Congress and the congres- The Surplus Books Project (on behalf of sional committees; of furnishing biblio- the 17eterans' ~dxhinistration) continued graphic services to other libraries and to from the previous year, and distributed, other Federal agencies; and of making a during a fourteen-month period, a total of 40-hour staff fit into an 82-hour week. 2,218,289 surplus textbooks for the use of veteran students in universities and col- Legislatiz~eReJerel~ce Service leges. This Project has made use of the The most significant activity of the year Library's familiarity with techniques for has taken place in the development of the dealing with masses of books. Another Legislative Reference Service under the project which espects to utilize its espe- authorization provided for it in the Legis- rience in techniques of documentation as lative Reorganization Act of 1946. The well as the collections of scientific and nature of this devclopmcnt and its imme- technological literature has been under- diate results are cspressccl in detail in a taken in behalf of the Ofice of Naval later chapter. It is sufl icient at this point Research for reporting on current scien- to comnlent that the actual nu~nl~erof tific investigations ancl for supplying source inquiries made upon the scriyice by Mcm- material pertinent to thern. The Library bers and the .committees rose during the has taken advantage of the opportunity year to the number of 19,035 as compared \vhich this project affords for consolidating ~viththe previous year's 16,444; that it several activities connected \vi th the es- prepared approsinlately 2,500 special ploitation of scientific literature, including reports; that t\vel\re of these lvere printed the OSRD Project and the investigations at congressional order, urhile various into the applicability of punched-card reports were cited forty-three times in the technique to inquiries involving this liter- debates on the floors of Congress. ature, into a single Science and Tech- Also within the general frame\vork of the nology Project. In this consolidation, Legislative Reference Service, but under however, the activities connected with the immediate sponsorship of its State aeronautics were not included; and al- La\\? Section, there \\'as established though the Federal Air Coordinating a special service for reporting upon the Committee has espressed the desire that current legislation of the several States. the .Aeronautics Division undertake the Previous1y, each of various governmental preparation of a central aeronautical in- INTRODUCTION

des, this important project remains dor- to call attention relates to the progress of mant for lack of funds. efforts to simplify and standardize bibliographic procedure through the revision of Biblio,gra/)/zic Operations the code governing descriptive cataloging. In the "processing" operations of de- In the 39 years since 1908-the date of thc scripti\.e cataloging, subject analysis and last generally accepted code-much has classification which are basic to all subse- happened which? while permitting the quent utilization of the book materials in systern to develop Inore fully, has also the Library's colIections, and the results of tended to hide from view the underlying which are passed on to other lil~raries principles, and to render practice com- through the nledium of printed cards, plicated and obscure. In 1941 an attempt there have l~eensome notable develop- on the part of the library profession to re- ments. Three of these call for attention vise the 1908 code went too far, in the at this point, 11ut may he found more fully opinion of many, in freezing thc complesi- explained later in this Report. The first ties. It was consequently agreed that the of these is concerned with the cataloging Library of Congress should first of all operations of the Copyright Oflice. Con- ~indcrtake to re-esamine and clarify its gress authorized, beginning last ycar, an o\vn practice. This re-esamination, which increase in the staff of the Oflice which proceeded for several years in studies here maclc it possible for the first time to apply and in discussions with other librarians, certain of the results of its cataloging oper- rcsulted in a statement of principles en- ations to the general "processing" of the titled Stzrdies of Descr$)/izle Catalogi~tgwhich Library. Previously, copyright cataloging the Director of the Processing Depart- had been so specialized that it had to be xnent (Mr. Henkle), submitted to me last reworked for general Library use. In ycar and which was thereafter printed and spite of ~~navoiclabledelay in getting this distributed throughout the profession. A program under way while proceclures \\-ere representative committee which was ap- I~cingadjusted and staff was being re- pointed to advise me in this matter held trained or recruited, the progress effected meetings in October 1946, and again in during the first year has already resulted January-February 1947, reporting favor- in increases in efliciency in the Office and ably upon the suggested general direction in the Library as a \\-hole, and in par- which revision of the code should take. ticular in the gain of over 8,000 entries in Thc Chief of the Descriptive Cataloging the Library's total cataloging product Division (R~Iissh4orsch) was then assigned represented by printed cards. Now that to preparing a code in accordance with the the routines are established, it may be es- Committee's recommendstions, and a pre- pectcd that nest year's gain ivill be sub- liminary edition was issued in June of this stantial. This adjustment, though clifli- year. Its final conclusions are still open cult to make in a comples organization, for cliscussion and revision, and it is mean- points the way to other similar develop- \\-hile being applied on an experimental rnents in conquering the bibliographic basis in our oivn practice. Its final adop- prol~lenl through redirecting specialized tion is expected to provide a new standard activities to more general use at a small to which general adherence can be invited, additional cost cvhich may even perhaps and to eliminate the obstacles to inter- 11e made, as in the case of the Copyright changeability of the cataloging product of Oflice, self-reim bursing. different libraries. The second develop~nentto \\-hi& I \vish A final principal development of the past 18 REPORT OF THE LIBKARIrIN OF CONGRESS, 1947 year requires attention. This is one which I~ookfor111 of its catalog cards from ,Jan- makes it p~ssiblefor other lil~raries to uary 1, 1947 undcr the title of Cirrjtzrlofzve sccurc at a rcasona1)le cost the entire Cafolog of Library of C~n~qressPrinfed Cards. result of the Lil~rary'sbibliographic work Cu~nulationsare published quarterly and a5 represented by the printed catalog annually, and may eventually cover five- cards, within a feiv days or lveeks of its year periods. The publication can 11e completion. It thus nlarks the first gcnu- continued only if it is self-supporting, and ine nlajor advance in the I~asictechnique the prospectas for this are encouraging. of the systenl of centralized cataloging \\Tith the con;l,~cnccment of this catalog it since thc introduction of the card distribu- has I~ccorne possil~le to discontinue the tion system in 190 1. Al~nostimmediately maintenance of thc depository sets, cscept after the con~mencementof that system in those places where thcy arc used as the the Lil~rary I~cganto place "depository i~asisfor regional union catalogs with ~vIlich sets" of the cards at important centers, the Library has cooperat ivc rclat ionships, ultimately Inore than one hunclrcd in or where they arc exchanged for other numl~cr, usually in university or large cards or scrvices. pul~liclibrarics. A principal purpose of these sets was to providc information rc- The Librn[v oJ Cougre.ess Pln~lnirlgCorn - gardin2 the Lil~rary'sholdings, and they ?nitfee have been very useful for this purpose. The dcvclopments of the past year- which They ha\.e proved even more useful, holv- arc mentionecl al~ovearc significant only ever, in effecting econo~llicsin the catalog- I~ccause they are indicative of the rolc ing operations of the lil~rariesconccrncd: ~vhichthe Lil~raryalready has or ~vhicll and other lil~rariesha1.e desired thc same it is capal~lcof supporting. The Lil~rary facilities. But thc cost to the Lil)ral-y of is already an active and in some phases Congress of contributing 8,573,000 cards e\.cn a principal participant in the work to~vards the maintenance of thcsc sets of securing a bibliographical record of the during fiscal year 1946 amountcd in card sources of information. It has still lilrthcr and labor cost alone to $37,561.57, \\.hiIc potcntialitics; I~utto maintain even its each of the depositories was under an prcsent scrvices in the face of growing expense of a consideral~lesum each year quantities of rcsearch material, growing for filing the cards, supplying filing cal~i- demands for use, and increasing costs, nets, etc. Estension of the systerll \voulcl makes financial rcquirements consideral~ly only add to these costs. Meanwhile, it above those of a decade ago. has Ixen derno~lstrated that libraries will It was in these terrns that the Library's pay for publication, in I~ookform, of the I~udgetestin~ates for fiscal year 1947 were information contained on these cards. prepared-in terms of stren~theningpres- The Association of Research Libraries ent levels of service, of recovering ground recently sponsored such a pul)lication, lost through arrearages, and of developing covering 1,625,000 cards up to 1941, in a certain new activities. \!\That was de- monumental set of 167 yolun~cs issued scril~edin those estimates was in part a through the Edwards firm of Ann Arbor, postwar program, l~utit was also in ~najor Michigan; and the edition was quickll- part a realistic statenlent of the operational sold out and may even be reprinted. requirements of the Library within thc Consequently, in order both t.0 estend terms of its present program. Such a the service represen tecl hy the depository statement had not previously been ~nade, sets and t~ save costs, the Library has and it im~nediatelyraised with Congress cornmenced the monthly publication in the fundamental question as to the extent INTRODUCTION 19 to which this program could Ix said to be number of persons, each of whom is carrying out congressional policy for the eminent in a particular walk of life, and Lil~rary. The House Committee on Ap- cach of whom is representative of a class propria tions, in rclporting reductions in of the zisers of the Library's services, to the Lil~rary'sestimates, stated very specif- form a committee to he knoicn as the ically that these reductions were ~nacle Library of Congress Planning Cornmi t tce. partlv in order "to give attention to the It was nly clesire that this comrni ttce should need for a cletermination of what the adclrcss itself, "in a spirit of frcc incluiry", policy of the Lil~raryof Congress is going to a "direct, fresh, and unprejudiced to 11e in the \ray of espansion and service esamination of the future role of the Li- to the pul~licand to the C:ongress." l~rary", and to present its findings and It is of course precisely this question of recommendations in the form of a report "what the policy of the Lil~raryof Con- \\.hich I in turn might transmit to the gress is going to be" that arises in connec- appropriate committees of Congress for tion lvith every request for an espansion or use in their consideration of the problem. reorientation of its ser\rices. The ans\t7er An incorllplete list of the membership to precisely this question, again, nus st of this Committee was reported last year. determine the Library's responses to the As finally established, it \vas as folio\\-s: \various developments and fundamental Kcyes D. h/Ietcalf, director of libraries of prol)lerns which have l~een considered Harvard University? chairmnn; Herbert earlier in this chapter. And it is esactly Eugene Bol ton, historian, University of this question which has confronted my California Ed~vardU. Condon, director colleagues ancl myself for thc past several of the National Bureau of S tanclards; years and to which the Lil~rary'sestimates Douglas S. Freeman, historian: and editor for 1947 proposed an answer in budgetary of the Kichnzotld i\rcs Leader; \I7aldo G. terms. The Appropriations Committee's Leland, director (since ernerifrts) of the action was to defer the adoption of an A~nerican Council of Learned Societies; answer in I~uclgetary terms until one in IVil~narthS. Lewis, book collector, editor purely policy terms could I)e reached and l~ibliographcr;Carl McFarland, at- through other channels, namely, through torney, former assistant attorney general the "legislati\.e commit tees of the Congress of the United States and member of the charged with the responsil~ilityfor opera- com~nission on Federal Administrative tion of the Library." Procedure; Miss Kathryn hlf ier, chairman The question is one of future policy. of the h~IissouriState Library Commission; There esists, of course, a large body both LessingJ. Rosenwald, merchant, and book of specific statutory authorization ancl and print collector; Ralph R. Shaw, libra- other legislative action underlying the rian of the United States Department of Library's present activities, and in my Agriculture and \\TaIter L. Wright, Jr., last Annual Report there was presented, professor of Turkish Languages and His- as an historical narratiire, the progress tory at Princeton University. through which the Library's present Under the energetic leadership of a development has taken place. At the chair~nanknown for his ability and es- same time I indicated the action which perience in appraising situations invol\,ing had been taken up to that moment in the application of library services, the com- bringing this question of future policy to a nitt tee inade rapid headway. It held decision. meetings in the Library on October 7 In order to present the question in ter~ns and 8, November 18 and 19, 1946, and as objective as possible, I requested a January 6 and 7, 1947, and obtained a 20 REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, 1047

large amount of information from the the Federal library system and in that of Library staff. Before Christmas it had the Nation as a whole. drafted a report which was at that ti~ne submitted to the annual .meetings of a 7948 Estimates nur~lber of professional associations for The Library's lludget estimates for 1948 their criticism. Further meetings were were submitted in October 1947, before held in the Library on January 6-7, the Planning Committee had met. Be- 1947, and the redrafted report was sub- cause no prediction could lle made as to mitted to members of the library pro- the outcome of its work or as to any con- fession in Washington, including the niem- gressional action that might be taken as a bers of the Library of Congress stafl; for result, the estimates for 1948 were pre- . fnrthcr criticism. The conlpleted and sented in form almost identical with those unanimous report was finally sul~mittcdto for 1947, certain changes being required, me on March 12, 1947, ancl on March 20 however, on account of the Federal Em- I transmitted the document to the Presi- ployees Pay Act of 1946, the i~lcrcasecl dent Pro Tenlpo~eof the Senate ancl to the authorization for the LegisIative Reference Speaker of the House of Representati\.es. Seri.ice contained in the Legislative Re- The document \\.as in each House referred organization Act of 1946, the increase to its Committee on Administration, and it authorized in the Rooks for the Adult was nly hope that the report might be Blind program by the Act of August 8, given early consideration in view of its . 1946, and the inclusion of an estimate for relation to the Lil~rary'sestimates for 1948. a Science and Technology Project. Unfortunately, this was not possible, and When these estimates came up for con- the matter is still before the Congress. sideration by the Committee on Appro- It is appropriate that I express in this priations of the House of Representatives, place my gratitude to the members of the ho\ve\;er, the policy question and the Planning Committee, who individually and Planning Committee's rcport had not yet as a group gave unstintingly of thcir time, I~cen considered. In consequence, the interest and energy to a study ivhich cir- Appropriations Conl~llitteereportcd that, cumstances required to be cornpletecl until "there has I~eenaction on this pro- rapidly, 11ut \vhich invol\,ed none the less posal the conlrnittee does not feel war- the consideration of a large mass of data ranted in approving" the scheme of or- and the in\~estigationancl reconciliation of ganization proposed in the budget. In many points of vie~v. view of this consideration and of "the need The rcport of the Pla~ningCommittee for reducing to barest minimum needs the is printed it1 cste?~so in the Appendix. appropriations for all branches of the Briefly, it presents a program for the frlturc Go~~ern~nent,"all increases were elimi- de\rclopmcnt of thc Library in matters of nated except for the Books for the Aclult service to Congress? to the other Federal BIincI; and other items in the estimates agencies, to local libraries, educational, were reduced. As the I~ill was finally scientific and learned institutions and or- enacted, the only increase granted \\?as for ganizations, to industrial and commercial $500,000 of the $625,000 increase author- enterprises, and to individual investigators. ized for the Books for the Adult Blind by It describes the kinds of collections which the Act of August 8, 1946; and other items the Library should maintain. Throughout were cut a total of $326,942 below the its report, however, the Committee has 1947 level, including the Motion Picture laic1 the basis for coordination of effort and Project \vhich Ivas eliminated with an item cl imination of duplicative services both in of $12,000 for liquidation and storage. INTRODUCTION

A summary of the 1948 budget estimates 1946, $1,757,000 in 1947, reclucsted a total fly functions and to a 'limited degree of $3,821,000 for 1948 and actually re- Ily units and appropriations thereunder, ceived $1?782?000 for 1948. Again it should prove useful even though not cap- should IIC pointed out that 8398,000 was abIc of precisely accurate sta tenlcn t, in rcturned to thc Treasury in 1946, and understanding the program of develop- $613,000 ;n 1947 as proceeds frorn the rncnt which Iny collcaques and I have salc of printed cards. e\~olvcd. Acquisitions Functions: For the de- Reference Functions: The reference tailed opcra tions of book selection, pro- scrviccs to the Congress, the othcr agcncies curcrncnt, recording of incoming ma- of the Government, and the gcneral tcrials, paymcn t of hills, acknoi\~ledg- public arc providcd through the Rcf- mcn t of gifts and other activitics rcla tcd crcncc Dcpartmcnt, the Lcgislativc Rcf- to thc acquisition of materials, thc Li- erence Service, the State Law Section, l~raryhad the services of 84 persons in the Law Lil~rary ancl the Division for 1946, 98 in 1947? requcstcd a total of 202 the Blind. An average of 429 persons for 1948 ancl received appropriations which \trcrc a\~ailaI~lcfor reference activities in per~nitthc e~nploymcntof an average of 1946 and 391 in 1947, a total of 1,012 posi- 82 in 1948. In dollar tcrrns, this means tions were requested for 1948; estima ted that the Lil~raryhad availatlie for salaries cmployn~cnt in 1948 \sill average 458. of employees engaged in acquisitions ac- In tcrnls of dollars thcre was available tivities and for the purchase of materials, for salaries and other costs a total of $844,000 in 1946, $727,000 in 1947, re- $1,730,000 in 1946, $2,247,000 in 1947; quested $1?290,000 for 1948 and actually we rcqucstcd $4,425,000 for 1948, and rccei\recl appropriations totaling $860,000 rccei\rccl $2,660,000. It should, ho\vevcr, for 1948. bc pointed out that the 1948 appropri- Copyright Functions: The copyright ation included a 100 percent increase for activitics of the Library Ivcrc operated Books for the Adult Blind; fro111 $500,000 \vith an average of 149 e111plo)-ecsin 1946 to $1,000,000, only $50,000 of which is and 192 in 1947; 246 were requested for for salaries. 1948 and 180 granted. Funds nvailable Processing Functions: For the cata- for personnel, printing of catalogs, etc., loging of materials added to the Li- totaled $379,000 in 1946, $637,000 in brarv7s collections, the maintenance ' of 1947; we requested $789,400 for 1948 and the Library's catalogs, the salc and dis- received $634,000. The arnount deposited tribution of catalog cards and other in the Treasury by virtue of the activities proccssing activities the Library had the of the Copyright Office was $405,740.58 services of 333 employees in 1946, 340 in in 1946 and $471,119.41 in 1947, the 1947, and requested a total of 850 for 1948. amounts actually earned by registrations Funds available for 1948 will provide or other services of the Copyright Ofice for. an average of 338. The full salary and deposited in miscellaneous receipts of costs of 114 of the employees in 1946, the Treasury was $379,738.00 in 1946, 129 in 1947, and 133 in 1948 has bccn and $442,626.10 in 1947. or will be rcturned to the Treasury, since Administrative and Custodial Funcc these employees were and are engaged in tions: For the general administration of the sale and distribution of printed cata- the Library, including the Office of the log cards. The Library had available for Librarian, the Chief Assistant Librarian, salaries and other costs for these various such administrative services as the main- processing activities some $1,420,000 in tenance of correspondence records, official 22 REPORT OF THE L1BR.-IRIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947 files, delivery service, accounting, clis- maintenance, con tingent expenses, penalty bursing, pay rolls, personnel, the char, mail, miscellaneous printing and photo- labor and guard services, there was duplication totaled $735,000 in 1946 ancl available in 1946 an average of 363 $940,000 i11 1947. For 1948 $1,271,000 employees, and 377 in 1947; for 1948, 534 Ivas rcquested. The sums made available positions were requested. Funds appro- for 1948 approximate $923,000. priated permit the employment of 355. The general distribution of manpower Salary costs plus funds for building 1)y departnlents and divisions follows:

Estimate tluthorizcd Positions of average positions, requested, man-years 1947 1948 available, 1948

Salaries, Library Proper: Office of the Librarian...... Office of the Chief Assistant Librarian...... Information and Publications Ofice...... Keeper of the Collections...... Total, Chief Assistant Librarian...... Office of Director of Administration...... Accounts Office...... Disbursing Ofice...... Personnel Office...... :...... Photoduplication Service...... Ofice of the Secretary...... Supply Office...... Tabdating Office...... Total, Administrative Department...... Office of Director of Reference Department...... Assistant Director for Public Reference...... General Refcren.ce and Bibliography Division...... Aeronautics Div~sion...... Hispanic Foundation...... Manuscl-ipts Division...... h4aps Division...... Music Division...... Orientalia Division...... Prints and Photographs Division...... Rare Books Division...... Stack and Reader Division...... Serials Division...... LoanDi\rision ...... Science and Technology Project...... Annotated Bibliography of American History...... Western European Division...... Soviet Union Division...... Central European Division...... African Division...... Canadian Section...... Australian and New Zcaland Section...... U. S. History and Civilization Division...... Sesquicentennial History of the Library of Congress...... Total, Reference Department...... Law Library...... Ofice of Director of Processing Department...... Descriptive Cataloginx Division...... Subject Cataloging Division...... INTKODUC'TION 23

Authorized Positions ~ P2::;e po;itts, requcstcd, man-years 1948 available, 1948

Salaries, Library Proper-Continucd Ofice of Director of Processing Department-Continued Binding Division...... 9 Catalog h4aintcnancc Division...... -----27 Total, Processing Departmcnt...... 205 --- Office of Dircctor of Acquisitions Department...... 15 Exchange and Gift Division...... 30 Order Division...... 3 1 Serial Record Division...... ------16 Total, ilcquisitions Dcpartmcnt...... 92 World War I1 Records Project...... Total, Salaries, Library Proper...... ~YZ/~-/=R~- I = - 1 ------Salaries, Copyright Office ...... 246 180 Lc~islative.efcrcncc service...... I i%i21 178 110 1 140 136 Distribution of Printed Cards...... I 133 Indes to State Legislation...... i 2 1 30 9 h4otion Picture Project...... 18 72 ...... Union Catalogues...... 1 36 107 18 Books for the Adult Blind. ;...... I 12 35 16 Salaries, Library Buildings...... I 316 366 275 Annotated Constitution of the United States...... - 3 ...... Total, othcr appropriations...... Total, Library r\ppropriations......

The presentation of these estimates be- ment when they provide opportunity for fore the Appropriations Committee offered fair and full hearings. an opportunity for the Congress to assure In concluding these introductory re- ithelf of the loyalty and integrity of the marks, I wish to thank Verner Mr. Clapp, Library staff. As in the case of other Chief Assistant Librarian, for his able agencies of the Government, the loyalty assistance in developing the story of the and attitudes of the Library's employees year's work recorded in the pages of this have been examined fro111 time to tirne, Report. Much of the material is from and this year a searching inquiry was his pen. Naturally, much of it is little made with the result, we believe, that changed from drafts submitted by the Congress is convinced of. the staffs loyalty various directors, chiefs, and other officers and competence. The Library adminis- of the Library. I take this opportunity tration has welcomed this exhaustive and also to mention the splendid work of the thorough scrutiny. Its own initiatii~ein Library staff throughout the year. The providing machinery within the Lil~rary outstanding service of particular employ- for the investigation of any en~ploy~er ees is described elsewhere; I speak here whose loyalty is questioned is reported in specifically of the devoted and distin- another chapter. It has heen and con- guished accox~lplishmentsof the department tinues to be the view of the Library directors and of my personal staff, all of administration that such investigations whom have given unsparingly time, effort are a necessary part of denlocratic govern- and devotion to the Library's pro,aram. Chapter I The Special Service to Congress

OR the use of 110th Houses of Leg islalice Reo,;.a~zi;ation A4ct of 19-46 Congress and the h4embers thcre- \\Thile the use of the Service increased " Fof." This uras the purpose of the over the years and appropriations for it collectio~lof books which \\?as purchased were continued, its existence as a separate under authority of the Act of April 24, unit ~vithinthe Library ancl its functions 1800; and the Library of Congress, as ancl relations to Congress were not spc- the collection was named in legislation cifically established in substantive law very sl;ortly after its establishment, has until the past fiscal year. The occasion al\vays derived gratification from the for such legislation was offered by the title which sho~-sits close attachment to examination of cougressional organization the legislative body of the United States. and facili tics \vhich resul tcd in the Lcgis- The primary ol~jectiveof the Library, in la tive Reorganization Act of 1946, enacted all its units, is the service to Congress. at the second session of the 79th Congress But Congress never restricted the use and approved by the President on August of its library exclusi\.ely to its own mem- 2, 1946. Section 203 of the Act authorizes I~ersllip,and, as the public services of the and directs the Librarian of Congress to Library becanle more and rnore expanded, establish the Legislative Reference Service it became necessary to establish within it as a separate department within the Li- a separate staff, expert in matters bearing brary. The duties of the Service arc upon legislation, and devoted exclusi\rcly specifically described. They arc, briefly, to gathering, coxnpiling and digesting to advise and assist the comrllittees of data required by Members of Congress in Congress, upon request, in the analysis, the execution of their legislative duties. appraisal and evaluation of legislative Funds for this purpose were first separately proposals pending before them; upon re- included in the Library's appropriations quest, or upon its own initiative in antici- for the fiscal year 1915, and have I~een pation of requests, to gather, classify, included in successive appropriation acts analyze and ~nakeavailable data bearing ever since; it was thus that the Lezislative upon legislation in serviceable fonu for use Reference Service was established. During by Congress, its committees and Members; the first full year of its existence the Service and to prepare summaries and digests of handled 756 requests, a number of which public hearings before congressional com- required several weeks of research, and mittees, and of bills and resolutions of a resulted in reports covering 50 pages. public general nature. During the past fiscal year, by contrast, To discharge these duties, the Librarian the Service responded to 17,035 requests is .authorized by the Act to appoint per- for Members, and many of these responses sonnel "without reference to political were in the form of extended reports, affiliations, solely on the ground of fitness involving months of research on the part to perform the duties of their office." In of groups of trained specialists. addition to other necessary personnel the THE SPECIAL SERVICE TO CONGRESS

Librarian is authorized to appoint senior to render such data serviceable to Congress, and committccs and Members thereof, without specialists in nineteen broad fields of partisan bias in selection or presentation; interest, corresponding in some cases (3) to prepare summaries and digests of public specifically, in others generally, with the hearings before committees of the Congress, and fields of interest of the several committees of bills and resolutions of a public general nature of the two Houses of Congress. The Act introduced in either House. provides that these specialists, together (b) (1) A director and assistant director of the Legislative Reference Service and all other with such other members of the Legisla- necessary personnel, shall be appointed by the tive Reference staff as may be necessary, Librarian of Congress without regard to the civil- shall be avaiIabIe for special work with service laws and without reference to political the appropriate conlnlittees of Congress affiliations, solely on the ground of fitness to per- to accon~plish any of the purposes for form the duties of their office. The compensation of all employees shall be fixed in accordance with which the Service is established. It is thc provisions of the Classification Act of 1923, as noteworthy, too, that, as indicative of the amended: Provided, That the grade of senior degree of service expected by Congress specialists in each field enumerated in paragraph from these specialists, the Act requires (2) of this subsection shall not be less than the that the grade of the senior specialists highest grade in the escc~itive branch of the Government to which research analysts and con- which it designates shall not be less than sultants without supervisory responsibility are the highest grade to which research an- currently assigned. -411 employees of the Legisla- alysts and consul tan ts without supervisory tive Reference Service shall be subject to the pro- responsibility are assigned in the Esecu tive visions of the civil-service rctiremcnt laws. Branch of the Government. (2) The Librarian of Congress is further Finally, the Act authorizes a graduated authorized to appoint in the Legislative Reference Service senior specialists in the following broad scale of appropriations for the work of the fields: Agriculture; American government and Service: $550,000 for fiscal year 1947, public administration; American public law; $100,000 additional for each of the two conservation; education; engineering and public succeeding years, and thereafter "such works; full employment; housing; industrial surlls as may be necessary to carry on the organization and corporation finance; international affairs; international trade and economic work of the Service." geography; labor; mineral economics; money and The full test of Section 203 of the Act is banking; price economics; social welfare; tasation as follows: and fiscal policy; transportation and communications; and veterans' affairs. Such special- LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE SERVICE ists, together with such other members of the staff SEC. 203. (a) The Librarian of Congress is as may be necessary, shall be available for special authorized and directed to establish in the work with the appropriate committees of Congress Library of Congress a separate department to be for any of the purposes set out in section 203 (a) known as the Legislative Reference Service. It (1). shall be the duty of the Legislative Reference (c) Therc is hereby authorized to be appro- Scrvice- priated for the work of the Legislative Reference . (1) upon request, to advise and assist any Service the following sums: (1) For the fiscal year committee of either House or any joint com- ending June 30, 1947, $550,000; (2) for the fiscal mittee in the analysis, appraisal, and evaluation year ending June 30, 1948, $650,000; (3) for the of legislative proposals pending before it, or of fiscal year ending June 30, 1943, $750,000; and recommendations submitted to Congress, by the (4) for each fiscal year thereafter such sums as President or any esccutivc agency, and otherwise may be necessary to carry on the work of the to assist in furnishing a basis for the proper Service. determination of measures before the committee; The Act provides a solid basis in lcgis- (2) upon request, or upon its own initiative in lation for the operations of the Legislative anticipation of requests, to gather, classify, Reference Service, clearly demarking the analyze, and make available, in translations, indexes, digests, compilations and bulletins, and lines of its authorization and prescribing otherwise, data for a bearing upon legislation, and its activities. Additional clarification of 26 KEPOR'I' OF THE LIBR:\RIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947 its role is and \\.ill bc requirecl from timc to Esecu ti1.e Branch, and indicated the ma11- timc. hut the Reorganization Act itself ncr in ivhich this role should be carried provides the mechanism by \\-hich this out; while the Icgislativc progranl during clarification can casily be secured, through the first session of the Eightictlz Congress placing in the Committees on Administra- offered unesamplecl opportunities for the tion of the t\vo Houses the oversight of kind of service which the Legislati\rc matters relating to the Library of Con- liefeerence Scr\.icc is organized to givc. gress. Absolute 01)-jccti\rity and lack of bias arc Follo\ving the passage oi this Act it f~lncla~nentalfor such an assignment, and rcmainccl for steps to l~etake11 tvithin the arc, ~norcovcr,rcquirccl by the language of Library to coordinate the scri,ices to Con- the lieorganization Act. The Legisla tivc gress u~llichare ncccssarily to some cstcnt Reference Service lnct these requiremen ts decentralized, since the scrviccs of the Law easily 1)ccause of the character of its staff Library and of thc Oricntalia Division arc and the conti~luationof a long-csta1)lishcd equally -at the command of a h.lcmber of policy. It was pIeasing to find tflc acccpt- Congress with those of the Legislati\le ancc of these facts confirmed in statcmcnts Reference Service. The method by which by chairmen or rpemhers of congressional this coorclination is to be achieved, per- commit tccs, ut tcrances by inclivid~lalR4em- nlitting the Legislative Reference Service a hers of both Houscs, and reactions of the general supervision of the Li brary-wiclc general public. Indiviclual nlenlbcrs of services to RIem bers \vi thou t interfering the staff have indeed Ixcn characterized with the esccution of the services thcm- in some portions of the press as being too selves, \\.ere espressed in General Order conservative and in others as being too 1321, 1%-hichI issued on h4ay 21, 1947 and radical. This is in itself an indication of which is reproduced in an Appendix to impartiality; but the genuine impartiality this Report. which the Service seeks consists in absolute ot~jectivi ty in thc collection, analysis and The First Session of the Eightieth reporting of data which must bc entirely Co?~gress unaffected by any personal orientation on The session of Congress just conlpleted the part of the reporter. has been significant for the Legislative Gains were made during the session in Reference Service for several reasons. congrcssional understanding and accept- The legislative progranl was a large one, ance of the work of the Service; under- there was unusually heavy committee standing of its potential, acceptance of the 11-ork, and there were extended floor de- character and quality of the work. It is bates concerned with the interdependent significant that the Service was called 'issues of a complicated international situa- upon at one time Gr another during the tion, this Nation's international commit- year by every Member of the Senate and ments, and the domestic postwar problen~s. by all but seven hkmbcrs of thc House of It was also the first session of Congress Representatives; that it provided services, under the Reorganization Act. Both fac- either in the form of materials, reports or tors shaped the responsibilities and the assignments of staff, to every committee workload of the Legislative Reference chairman or committee of both Houses; Service. The Reorganization Act pro- that its reports were cited forty-three times vided the Legislative Reference Service in the course of debates on the floor as with a ~llajorrole in assisting Congress with bearing upon the questions at issue, in facilities of research and analysis at a addition to three or four times this number level comparable to those available to the in which work of the Service was used with- THE SPECIIIT, SEK\:ICE '1'0 CONGRESS

out citation, ancl that t~vclvcof its rcports Scrvicc - servccl as cle foi-lo rcscnrch staff bore thc congrcssional i~nprint. directors, coordinating thc research of committee staff; ancl of thc Scrvice so as hcst to mcct the co~nrnittccnccds. Othcr Thc rcport of thc Joint Committee on indications of thc qualitative as wcll as thc Rcorganization of C:ongrcss was al- quantita tivc accomplishments of the Scrv- rcacly availaljlc to thc A4ppropriations icc is proviclcd 11y thc numljcr of pull- Committees \vhcn the Library's buclgct for lishcd, ~~roccsseclancl typccl rcports which fiscal ycar 1947 was unclcr consiclcration. i\,crc prcparccl by thc spccialist and inter- As a rcsult, provision was made, evcn be- mccliatc spccialist staff. Frlrthcr rcfcrcncc fore the passagc of the Kcorganization is rnaclc to thcsc 11cloiv ancl in thc Appcn- Act itself, for part of thc rcinforccmcnt of clis. thc staff of the Lcgislativc Rcfcrcncc Scrv- Even the increased and strcn~thcncc1 icc \vhich is ncccssary to carry out the staff was unablc to mcct complctcly the purposes of thc Act. Specifically, pro- csisting dcmand, and it must be admittccl vision was ~naclcfor thc appointment of a that many inquirics Ivcrc hastily and number of scnior spccialists and a number thcrcforc inaclcquatcly ansivcrcd, that of spcciaIists of intcr~nccliatcgrade. scrious arrcarages accu~nulatcd,that dcad- In conscqucncc, Ily Dccenlber 1946, lincs werc frcqucntly missed, and that thc full-timc spccialists \vcrc functioning in thc so grcatly covetcd "individualization" of following ficlds: Amcrican law, in tcrna- service ~naclclittle or no pro,uress. tional relations (2), international cco- nomics, agriculture, labor, public financc, The General Service social wclfarc, rcsourccs, Arncrican govern- Numerically, of course, the I~ulkof the lnent and administration, cor~grcssionalor- inquirics coming to the Service are for ganization, and District of C:olumbia affairs. spot information of a legal, economic, Part-time consultants of comparable abilitv literary or other character. These are were availablc in moncy and banking, air often estrcmely important to a Member, transport, housing, and national dcfensc. and urgent in his current business. The An expert in charts and graphs has also past year's performance exceeded all others been added to the staff, and he has becn as to the size of this workload. Whereas kept continuously busy, eithcr in direct on only two occasions in the history of the response to congressional commissions or in Ser\.ice prior to the past year did the connection with reports and bulletins number of inquirics in a single day prepared by other staff mcmbers. Spccial- esceecl 100, this record was reached, from ists of intcrrncdiate grades have also been mid-January to the nliddlc of May 1947, availablc in most fields of congressional on almost every day except Saturday interest. and Sunday. The totaI number of congres- The rcsult of this rcinforcemcnt of the sional requests handled during the year, staff'was to make it possible to handle the esclusive of the Congressional Reading greatest amount of business, in tcrms of Room, was 19,035-1 5.8 percent more quantity, difficulty and variety, that the than in 1946 (16,444), and 31.7 percent Service has ever carried. The expectation more than in 1945 (14,451). Approsi- of the Reorganization Act that the Service mately one-third of the total occurred in might be able to assist the congrcssional the first haIf of the year, and t\vo-thirds committees was rcalized in considerable during the second half while Congress was measure; in the case of sis committees in continuous session. In addition to the senior specialists from thc staff of thc congressional requests, the Service re- 28 REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947 sponded to 1,840 requests from agencies in The actual work of the Project com- the Esecutive and Judicial Branches in menced in January 1947, with the conven- cases where it had already assembled mate- ing of the State legislatures. Mechanisms rials on the subject. Service demands in had been set up for collecting biIIs, in- the Congressional Reading Room re- cluding the employment of the services of mained stable, with 10,707 inquiries and the Council of State Governments, and for a reader count of 3,850. The cost of indexing and digesting them. From Jan- photostating materials for official use rose uary through June more than 45,000 bills to $8,849, as contrasted with $5,475 the and 14,000 acts were received. Daily year previous. Accommodation was made checklists were prepared, arranged by to the 40-hour week, and the Service subject-matter, and these, together with functioned seven days a week and until summaries of the legislation were sent to 10 p. m. (except for Saturdays) each day. 202 agencies, organizations and individuals Because of lack of funds to make payments which had entered requests to receive for overtime, requirements to meet peak theni. demands for service were met in part by The appropriation for this Project has granting compensatory leave; there were not been renewed for the present fiscal over 4,000 hours of overtime during the year, and it has in consequence been dis- session of Congress, and frequently without continued. compensatory leave. Publications and Reports The State Bill and Law Project Exclusive of printed and mimeographed This Project, which was made possible series such as the Digest of Pzlblic General by an appropriation included in the Legis- Bills (6 issues), the Srlmmaries of Hearings lative Branch Appropriation Act for 1947, (664 hearings covered), Prtblic Affairs Ab- was an extension of the work already stracts (423 issues), the daily C/zecklists of being performed in the State Law Section State Bills and Lazos (124 issues), and the of the Legislative Reference Service in lists on atomic energy (24 issues), the staff connection with its preparation of a bien- of the Service was responsible for the nial index to the lays of the States, and the preparation during the year of 1,712 re- compilation of other indexes and digests ports. Of these 13 appeared in print, 29 relating to such legislation. were mimeographed or. multilithed, and Many Federal agencies require to have 1,670 remained in typewritten form. Lists immediate knowledge of legislation which of the first two categories appear in the is either being enacted or which is under Appendix. consideration in the State legislatures. Twelve out of the total of thirteen printed Veterans' affairs, labor, public health and reports were printed either as congressional housing are obvious examples of such documents, as committee prints or were matters of joint Federal-State interest. It inserted in the Congressional Record. Of \vas found that a number of Federal agen- particular note were the reports printed cies were attempting to secure and digest as House Document 752 (Communism in the bills and laws of the State legislatures, Action) which is reported to have achieved and the proposal was made that this work a circulation of 700,000 copies, and Senate could be more economically and efficiently Document 21 (Data on TVages and lJrojts) done in one place. The Project was ac- which constituted a unanimous report of cordingly planned with the agreement and the leading economists of the Service on support of a dumber of interested Federal the much debated subject of wages, prices agencies. and profits. Chapter 11 The Reference Services

HERE has I~eendeveloped as yet no mand. For example, a basic duty of book single formula or index which, like custody, where investigators are given Tthe indexes which economists use in access to the bookstacks, is that of e~amin- order to reflect the changing ratios of rela- ing the shelves at frequent intervals to ted factors over a period of time, can be assure tEat the books are retained in order. employed to depict in an easily comprehen- The task of "reading shelves7' (as this sible manner the adequacy or even the ex- process is called) for 414 miles of shelving tent of a-library's service. Such a formula is obviously an arduous one which must would have to be a complicated one: it be done in the time in which stack-attend- would have to take into account the quan- ants are free from securing books in re- tities of telephone calls received and ans- sponse to requests and returning the used wereqof replies to correspondence, of hooks books to their places. In this case the issued, readers served and reference inqui- figure which shows that the number of ries answered,of bibliographies and publica- books issued durins 1947 increased almost tions prepared, and of special services such 10 percent over the previous year fails to as those for proiiding photocopies, trans- indicate at the same time that the amount lations, or special study facilitics. It would of "shelf-reading" was wholly inadequate, have to take into account too, not only the amounting to only 92,369 shelves, or numerical extent but also the adequacy of approximately 11 percent of the total. all of these services. If it were to be an The shelves should be read several times adequate index it would relate the quantity a year, rather than once in nine years. and quality of the services to the size of Yet the gross figures, though they fail the staff which was responsible for giving to present a complete picture, are never- them, and it would provide a direct corn- theless valuable, as indicative of the parison with performance of previous and development of demand for the Library's succeeding years. services. Consequently, though the figures In default of such a single index, the are for the most part themselves presented Library must continue to use, as the figures in the Appendices, the relation of certain which are significant of the extent of use. of them to the performance of the previous of its collections, the gross statistics of num- year is summarized in this place. bers of readers and of books issued, with .- Percent of comparisons with previous years. These increase 7947 figures, it must be admitted, are quantita- Tyfe of service over 7946 tive merely, since few qualitative analyses Readers and inquirers served in person: are possible. Furthermore, these figures In the general reading rooms (includ- mav be mislead in^: for in showing the ing those for periodicals, newspapers I V. u work that has been done, they neglect and government publications) . .. . 55.2 In the Law Library...... 66.4 ' altoge to the many continuing inthe special subject reading rooms. 7.1 duties which may have been neglected Through- the Division for the Blind...... 21.6 in order to respond to an immediate de- In the Office of Information...... 94.7 29 REPOR'T OF THE LIBKrIRIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947

newspapers to nliniature books of only a fe\v millimeters' height, from manuscripts to ~nicrofilms, and from fine prints and Library material issucd for usc: sheet music to sound recordings on wire or \Vithin thc buildings...... 9.2 Outside the buildings...... 16.7 \tras. Yet it is ob\rious that custoclial To h,lcmbel-s of Congress...... 9.1 activities are primary, and I~asicto any To Fcderal agencies...... 21 .8 usefulness \vhich the collections may To ou t-of-totvn rcadcrs (in tcrli brary scr\.e. Among the continuing respor~sibil- ...... loan). 8.5 ities of custody are the activities of "shelf- To blind readers...... 13.1 Telcphonc rcqucsts: reading" which assure that the items are For loan or reference ser\.ice...... 5.5 arranged in correct order; of inventory, Through the Office of Information. .. 84.8 to ascertain that all are accounted for; of Correspondcncc: protection frorll damp and insects, ancl from Individual replies to rcfercnce inquiries . 9.5 the harmful effects of atmosphere ancl light; Inquiries rcceivcd *in the Ofice of Information...... 7.9 of protection of originally fragile materials Translations prcpared chiefly in responsc ancl of rcstoration of those ~vhichhave to official requests (pages) ...... 36.9 sufferecl through use or ~vhichhave deterio- Photoduplication scrvice: rated dux-ing the passage of time; of clean- Rcqucsts for scrvicc ...... 41 5.5 ing; of shifting in orclcr to make room for Photoduplicates supplied...... 536.2 Reqilests referred to other libraries. .. 114.7 cspansion and to I~ringthe parts of the Publications distributed...... 106.6 coIIections into efficient relationship with the ser\.ices which depend on their use. ii is apparent from the foregoing that I~nrnediateresponsibility for custocly of there was a very definite increase in the the Lil>rary7s collections of materials in items which have general significance for special forms-maps, manuscripts, prints, the use being made of the Lil~rary. In etc.--is placed in the several dii~isions certain cases, such as in the reader use of ~vhichalso have responsibility for reference the Law Library, and even more so in the service in connection irith them. So, too, requests upon the facilities of the Photo- rcsponsil~ilityfor custody of the 11ook col- duplication Laboratory, the increase is not lections is to a large extent decentralized: only marked, I~utdistinctly startling. In the Law Library has custody of the legal the latter case, because the Lal~oratoryis collections, the Orientalia Division of a self-supporting operation, it \\-as possible I~ooks in eastern languages, the Music to absor21 the additional load of work by Division not only of sheet music and souncI adding staff. This was not possil~lein the recordings 11ut also of books relating to other operations under consideration, . music, and the Serials Division of the col- where other duties had to suffer. lection of bound newspapers. The prin- Czlstodicrl Activities cipal book stock, however, constituting the general classified collections, is in the Quite apart from the bibliographical charge of the Stack and Reader Division. organization of the contents of a lil~rary Meanwhile, a general oversight of the by means of catalogs and indexes, severe custodial activities is exercised bv the problenls are posed by the mere physical Keeper of the Collections. custody and protection of collections jvhich ,4t many points, of course, these custo- number Inany millions of items, each in- dial activities touch the activities of prepa- dividual and distinct, and in which the ration and even acquisition. Thus, for separate pieces range in variety of form example, the studies which have been and size from the folio volumes of bound conducted with respect to the bookbinding THE REFERENCE SERVICES

problems are described in the chapter on of books l~clongingto the Department of the "Organization of the Collections" for Navy, which has been stored in the Annex use, while the conversion of deteriorating during the Lvar; the transfer to the Na- newspaper files to microfilm copies is tional Archives of the collcction of papers treated as an acquisitions matter. The of the House of Representatives (men- introduction of laminating equipment into tioned in greater detail at a later point in the work of manuscripts repair during the this Report); the transfer of President past year is mentioned below in connection \\'ilson's personal library from Mrs. Il'il- with the work of the Manuscripts Division, son's residence to space adjacent to the and, similarly, correction of defects in the h4icrofilrn Reading Room; the shifting of air-conditioning system is mentioned in certain of the Hispanic collections and of connection with the Rare Books Division. the collections of aeronautics and of city Important \vork on problems of preserva- directories. tion is going forward continuously, and when the importance of individual docu- The General Service to Readers ments or other items warrants it, the The general service to readers is carried assistance of other agencies of the Govern- on through the Main Reading Room, and ment is requested. The National Bureau the Periodicals and Government Puhlica- of Standards has given valuable advice in tions Reading Rooms in the Main Build- connection with the lighting arrangements ing; through the Thomas Jefferson Room for the Magna Carta exhibit case, and is (particularly devoted to science and tcch- continuing a series of studies for improved nology, hut with alcoves for the service of placement of the Declaration of Inclepencl- Slavic books and of the LocaI History and ence and the Constitution. The Library Gcncalogy Collections) and the Ketvs- was also in continuous consultation with the paper Reference Room in the Annes; Bureau of Standards for the last few months through the study roonls and study of the year regarding the precautions to be tables which are located in both buildings, exercised with respect to the documents and through the loan desk in the hIain lent for eshil~itionon the Freedom Train, Building. The services which are re- which left Philadelphia on a year-long, sponsible for the operation of these Nation-wide tour on Septeml~er17, 1947. facilities are the Stack and Reader Mr. Georse L. S toil t? now Director of the Division which has custocly of the book- \\Torcester (Massachusetts) Art Museum, stacks and responsibility for the issuance but still active as the Honorary Consultant of books as well as supervision of the study on the Care of Manuscripts and Parch- tablcs and rooms; the General Reference ments, made a careful examination of the and Bibliography Division which provides Lil~rary's copy of the Bill of Rights on reference service in the principal reading April 10, 1947, and drew up specifications rooms (as well as being responsible for for its treatment which are being carried handling inquiries by telephone and mail out. and the preparation of bibliographies) ; During the past year the book-cleaning the Serials Division which has custody of staff vacuum-cleaned 12,671 sections of the collections of unbound periodicals, books, manuscripts and other material, newspapers, government publications and and shifted or rearranged 7,548 other other serials with which it gives reference sections, the total being the equivalent of services and which it eventually prepares 363,942 feet of shelves or 2,911,536 for binding; and the Loan Division which volumes. The principal movements of supervises the issuance of books for materials were the return of 790 sections outside use to Members of Congress, other 32 KEPOR'I' OF THE L1BR:IKIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947

Federal agencies, to other libraries by due to pressure of other work it was neces- interlibrary loan, and to accredited in- sary to respond to a larger proportion of dividual borrowers. letters this past year by referring the writers It is apparent from this l~riefpresenta- to their local libraries, and response to tion that even within the restricted con- approximately one-third of a11 inquiries cept of "general service to readers" the was in consequence through for111 letters. operations are complex and extensive and In all these evidences of reader-interest not subject to detailed description. They t\vo trcncls are noted: lessening concern must be condensed statistically, and for on the part of official agencies with post- Inany purposes this is effected in the war planning and an increasing attention tabular form \\.hich is reproduced in the to international affairs and relations; and, Appendix. on the part of the non-official public, an The total nurnl~erof readers served last increased interest in self-improvement, year in the general re a d'ing rooms \\.as together with the greater maturity of the 705?898, an increase over the previous student clientele at the university Ie\.el, year's count of 15 percent. The Stack reflecting the esperience and objectivity of and Reader Di\.ision issued 1,014,137 the veterans who have s\velled the uni\.cr- l~ooksand other iteins as against 766,387 sity rolls. in the previous year. The Serials Division, in its three reading A total of 701 assignments to study rooms rooms? served 172,176 readers with 466,330 and study tables was made for a total of' units of material, an increase of 17 percent 900 investigators, of whom 245 were repre- over the previous year's 399,186 units. sentatives of congressional units, 168 were There was in these reading rooms a slight from other Federal agencies and 79 \rere decrease in the number of telephone calls, fro111 universities, research organizations but a considerable rise in the amount of and other private activities. This use of correspondence, and an increase in loans special study facilities represents an in- of periodical, newspaper and document crease of 55 percent in the number of in- material amounting to 22 percent. This vestigations carried on in the Library. Division received approxi~nately4,496,820 The holders of study room and study table pieces of material during the year com- privileges represented 26 countries and pared with 3,311,626 pieces the previous territories, and 40 states and 237 cities in year. The serial material consisted of , the United States. Among them were 291 3,030,784 issues of newspapers, 521,388 graduate students and 183 faculty mem- issues of periodicals, and 890,000 govern- bers. Durins the year it was found neces- ment series issues. In addition there were sary to increase the numl~erof study tables 14,684 pamphlets for the Pamphlet Collec- by the installation of 46 desks in the North tion and 40,000 reports from the Office of Reading Rooni in the Annes and between Technical Services in the Publication Decks B and 38 in the Main Building. Board series from which 17,500 reports The General Reference and Bibliography were furnished for photoduplication. -4 Division provided reference service to total of 26,779 volurnes were prepared for 267,250 readers, a very considerable in- I~inding,leaving 76,597 volumes still to be crease over the total of 117,725 reported prepared, and a sn~allnumber of pam- the previous year. The telephone inquir- phlets (819) were withdrawn for fuller ies in this Division increased slightly processing. (from 24,244 to 25,625) while the corre- The Loan Division handled 168,506 spondence handled remained stable at loans in fiscal year 1947 as compared with approximately 6,700 inquiries. However, 142,111 in the previous year, an increase THE REFERENCE SERVICES of nearly 19 percent. Loans to Meml)crs on a particular sul)jcct, recourse must Ile of Congress rose from 17,170 in 1916 to made to numerous pieces of l~il>liographical 18,737, an increase of 9 percent, \vith an apparatus: to the general catalogs. speciai average borrowing by each Meml~erof 35 indeses, and to the I~ooksand articles on books during the year; loans to govern- the sul~jectitself. The larger the collec- ment agencies jumped from 49,365 to tions of a lil~rary,the Inore cornplcs Ix- 60,153 (22 percent); and other local loans conles the systeln of tools through lvhich increased from 61,646 to 74,213. a little access to its contents must I)e gained. more than 20 percent. Interlil~raryloans For these reasons, the cornpilation of were lnade to 1,310 ou t-of-town institu- lists and guides to materials on particular tions in an amount of 15,403 l~ooks,in- sul~jectsis an operation which so far from \-olving increases in the number of institu- serving as mere time-saving to the Li- tions and of books of 11 and 9 percent, I~rary'susers (although this is an important rcspcc tively . aspect), furnishes in many and perhaps .An impression of reading hallits and even most cases the only neth hod t~ywhich research needs can I)e gained from a these users can learn of the actual extent I~reakclownof the total outside circulation and variety of the resources in the sul?jccts statistics. Loans of science and technology of their interest. If such Iists can Ije pull- outstripped fiction and if medicine and lished, the circle of users is expanded, and agriculture were included, the scien tific the lists 1,ecome genuine contri1)utions to interest \vould 11e seen to IIC greatly pre- the literature of the sul~ject. It may 11e ponderant. The lending of 17,570 serials added, too, that the conlpilation of such illustrates the use of current articles as col- Iists is one of the best n!ethods for identi- lateral to 11ook ~uaterial. Other fields in fying lncirnne in the collections. which loans were made were econonlics Because the Library's resources for such (8,223), A~ncricanhistory (5,277), Euro- compilation are very limited, only such pean history (4,928), 11ooks on prints and projects are undertaken as show 2 prospec- fine arts (9,170), and philosophy and re- tive general .usefulness. The l~ibliographic ligion (4,400 and 3,749, respectively). work perfornled in the special sul~ject, All other classes of literature tt7ere drawn language or form divisions is discussed upon, however. I~elo\v. Outside of these specialized fields the General Reference and Bil~liography Division last year compiled 42 printed, The Inanner in which research materials processed and typewritten l~il~liographies, are indesed in the Library's catalogs and 12 lists in card for~n,comprising in necessarily involves Inany compromises. all 18,770 titles. A record of lists pub- A moderately thorough indexing of a lished by the Library itself appears in the single book night require that it 11e listed Appendix. These include second issues under several scores of sul~jectheadings; of three volumes in the series of bibliog- but considerations of cost and general raphies of biographical sources for foreign utility argue that these should nor~nally countries-the general volume and the be reduced to two or three. Similarly, volumes for the Japanese Empire, Ger- where special indexes to articles in Inany and Austria; also lists on economic periodicals and newspapers are available development, Japanese in the United it would be duplicative, even if on some States, Inoney and banking and postwar grounds convenient, to list these articles problems. in the general catalo,a of I~ooks. Conse- In addition to these lists pul~lished by quently, in seeking the material available the Library, the Division prepared a iGG31S--1s-3 REPORT OF THE LIBR.4RI:lN OF CONGRESS, 1947

number of bibliographies for publication inquirers with xnatcrials measured to an elsewhere. One of these was concerned increasingly large extent by the adequacy with Patent Relafions of Employers and ETU- of these photographic services, but to an plyfees which was reproduced in the increasing extent also its own operations Attorney General's report on Ztlvestigation in acquisition and processing are depend- of Government Paient Pracfices and Policies. ent upon them. Others were the bibliographies on the The Photoduplication Laboratory was administration of research and on the established in 1938 with the aid of a grant selection, training and supply of scientific from the Rockefellei- Foundation which personnel, for use or publication in the made possil~lethe purchase of equipment reports of the President's Scientific Re- and the creation of a revolving fund. search Board. A list of books and articles Each year that has elapsed has found new on scientific and political aspects of uses for, and greater use of its services. atomic enercgy was printed in the Bttllefin of The increases in its work during the past the Afornic Sci~ntisfsfor April-May, 1947. year are the subject of comment at the In connection lvith the twentieth anniver- beginning of this chapter, and further sary celebration of sound motion pictures, statistical details ,may be found in the lists of references on "making nlovies" Appendix. These increases are in many and "interpreting the movies" Lvere pre- cases estraordinaxy, amounting with re- pared for the bibliography Tfle Alotion spect to individual items of work to per- Picture published jointly 11y the American centage rises of 400 and 500 percent. Library Association and \ITarnerBrothers Individual requests for photoduplicates Pictures, Inc. rose to 98.399 fro111 18,622 in the previ- A number of other important compila- ous year: total photoduplicates supplied tions were completed for publication in jumped from 1 ,6 1 5,9 2 5 to 4,3 7 3,9 6 1. the present year. Chief of these was the These included photostats, photographic extensive list on .,Aron-Se!f-Governing Areas, prints and enlargements, microfilm, color compiled at the original request of the transparencies, blue prints, ozalid prints, Department of State. In the Census multes plates and dry mounting. Library Project, which is conducted A principal source of this increase of jointly with the Bureau of the Census, work consisted of requests for copies of work was completed- on A'alional Censrrses scientific and technical reports in the Pub- and Vital Sfafistzcs in Elrrole, 7973-7939, lication Board series. These are abstracted covering 42 countries. This is to be in the weekly Bih/iogra/)/y of Scientijc and printed. Sfafe Cens~rses; an9n11ofafedEibliog- Indirsfrial Reports published by the Office of rapfg~of Censuses of Pojulafiotz Taken nffer Technical Services, which deposits the the ZTear 7800 ly Stales and Territories of file originals of most reports in the Library. United States, espected to be published this Orders for these increased from 8,436 in year, not only lists the pertinent publica- fiscal year 1946 to 86,916 in 1947. An- tions but also provides citations to statutes other source of work was in the requests for and a finding list for the original census the reports of the Technical Oil klission. schedules. Still other large groups of materials were copied during the year for the legislative THEPHOTODUPLICATIONSERVICE documents project and the several news- It has been found that photographic paper microfilming projects which are services are essential to the effective func- mentioned elsewhere in this Report. In tioning of a research library. Not only is preparation for the opening of the Robert its ability to provide investigators and Todd Lincoln Collection of the papers of THE REFERENCE SERVICES

President Lincoln, .and in anticipation of ment publications and newspapers, the an instant demand for copies, the entire specialized services on the other hand are collection, amounting to 57,379 exposures those which are concerned with materials on 9,800 feet of film, was lnicrofilmed either in a particular non-book form (as, between April 11 and June 30, 1947. for example, maps, microfilms or fine To cope with this work efficiently both prints), in particular languages (as the with respect to rapidity of execu tion and oriental or Hispanic), in particular sub- at reasonable cost to purchasers, the jects (such as aeronautics or law), or in- equipment must be kept up-to-date. tended for the use of a special group of During the year certain important equip- users (such as books and sound recordings ment was secured, including three micro- for the blind). Each of the specialized film cameras, a ~nicrofil~nprinter, a heat services shares responsibilities for acquisi- splicer; a new electrically controlled photo- tions within its area of interest, and makes stat machine, voltage-regulation equip- recurrent reports thereon in the Qltarterly rncnt and equipment for color and ultra- Joltrnal of Crtrrent Acquisitions. Many of the violet work. Especially important was specialized divisions have, as well, custo- an automatic microfilm enlarger, devel- dial and processing responsibilities. The oped for the Library, which will make following paragraphs, however, summarize possible the economical copying and more especially the important aspects of the reproduction of catalog cards. The camera bibliographic and reader services which used with this machine copies cards on were rendered by these units during the film at the rate of 360 a minute; the past year. enlarger automatically enlarges-the image 14.6 diameters on a continuous roll of card stock. The installation of this equip- The increasingly important role of ment realizes a dream of many years. aeronautics in all phases of daily life is The Library lnust of course in its photo- reflected in the quantity of the publications copying activities scrupulously observe which are required to record aeronautical copyright, and accordingly never repro- activities, and in the numbers of researches duces work in which copyright is claimed, conducted in these publications. without the proprietor's permission. To The collections of the Aeronautics Divi- make it possible to reproduce articles or sion have grown from 3,113 volumes and pages fro111 newspapers and periodicals pamphlets in 1930 to 39,000 in 1945, for official or public use \without specific 41,825 in 1946, and 58,965 at the end of correspondence in each instance, permis- fiscal 1947. The total collection, including sions have been secured during the past volumes, pamphlets, and other aviation year from 11 newspaper and 75 magazine materials, now stand at 145,165 pieces. publishers which permit copying from Aeronautical periodicals and serials, to back issues under certain conditions with- the number of 1,263, are kept currently in out referral. These arrangements have the Division, as contrasted with 100 in proved very advantageous. 1932. In order to achieve a closer liaison for The Specialized Services the purpose of seeking not only the While the general ser\?ice to readers greater usefulness of the now-existing includes the reading room, bibliographic, collections to government and industry, lending and photo-reproduction activities but also their improvement, the Library \vhich center principally about the general has inaugurated an active program of collections of books, periodicals, govern- close cooperation with all significant 36 REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947

national and international aeronautical mately 23,625 cards were filed as of,June 30. activities. During the past year the Li- The Division served 1,601 readers during brary delegate has served as secretary on the year and prepared a numl~erof reports the Air Coordinating Committee's Sub- in response to congressional and other comrllittee on Aviation Inforlllation and governmental requests, including a survey Statistics. The Air Coordinating Corn- of legislation and investigations relating to rnittee has requested the Library to estab- air safety and of responsible agencies in lish a central aeronautical indes, and has - this field (Corlgressional Record, January 30, given support to the Library's program. 1947), a con~parativehistorical study of The Air Po\ver League (now known as the surface and air transport data; and an National Air Cotincil) generously con- investigation of German and other Euro- tributed to the inauguration of a series of pean literature of air-medicine oirer a lectures to promote popular knowledge of ten-year period. Over 50 I~ibliographies air science and air comnierce. A numl~er were prepared in special suljjects, includ- of arrangements \rere initiated or con- ing, for esamplc, "air transportation in tinued during the year looking toward the China" and "supersonic \rind tunncIs." acquisition of the vast literature which D thro\vs light upon the dc\~elopment of TI-IEDIVISION FOR T~IEBLIND a\-iation during the war-years and there- The Lil~rary maintains not only a after. Certain important categories of regional and national lending ser\rice for materials covered by these arrangelnents the Illind for books in raised types and on are the publications of the International sound reproduction records ("talking Civil Aviation Organization, reports of books") b~!t it has responsil~ilityfor carry- the National Ad\,isory Committee for ing out the provisions of the Act to Provide Aerorlau tics, and the aeronautical pull- Books for the Adult Blind, which, as rnost lications of Brazil. In addition a large recently amended on August 6, 1946, q~antityof German air doculnents of authorizes the appropriation of $1,125,000 \j70rld War I1 has been received from annually for the purpose of providing Wright Field. books in these various forms, as \veil as the The Division nlaintains a number of sound reproduction instruments (talking special indexes: a biographical indes I~ookmachines) for using the records, to the (14,000 cards), the Pacific Aeronautical blind residents of the United States, Index (prepared and distributed by the through regional libraries selected for the Pacific Aeronautical Library in Los An- purpose. geles), and the aeronautical indes, the During the past year, of course, the Division's principal reference tool, which, lesser surn of $500,000, rather than the however, has lacked adequate attention surn most recently authorized, was avail- because of insufficient staff. This last- able for the work. With this amount the mentioned subject indes to aeronautical Library purchased 2,550 talking book periodicals and technical reports com- machines, which were all, escept 550, prises at present some 60,000 entries. An immediately distributed through the vari- indes to German and Japanese aviation ous state lending agencies to meet the literature which will outrank all of these long-accumulated demand; for no main size is the Air Docun~entsIndex now in chine had been manufactured since 1942. preparation at the Air Documents Divi- The 550 nlachines which were held back sion, M'right Field. Because of the inade- were reserved to meet the needs of blinded quate staffing of the Division this file has veterans. By arrangement, upon notifica- not been kept current and only approsi- tion of the release of a veteran fro~na train- THE REFERENCE SERVICES

ins center, one of these machines is sent distributed during the year appears in the directly to his home,so as tocontinue with- Appendis. It includes a number of the out a break the mechanical assistance in literary classics, like Dombg* and Son and reading to which he grew accustomed at Sense and Sensibzlity; but particular attcn- the center. In connection with the man- tion LvaF given to filling in sul~jectcate- ufacture and use of these machines, con- gories of current interest and usefulness sideral~lework has l~eendone during the in order to round out the library of books year in development of an irnproved for the blind. Two workshy blind authors model of machine, a satisfactory perma- were incllided: Blind .4dvtntztre, by h'ionroe nent needle, thinner and lighter records, L. Fox, which was reproduced in Braille, and other improvements. In order to and Aril, Eyes Have a Cold ,lose, hy Hector keep the older machines in use, the Lil~rary Chevigny, which was rcproduced both in again availed itself of the services of the Braille and as a talking book. American Foundation for the Blind in In the Library's own lending service conducting a repair project through which there was, during the fiscal year 1947, a 3,076 ~nachineswere repaired while 61 total circulation of 34,890 items to 3,549 were taken out of service. The total registered borrowers (representing in- numl~erof machines available at the end creases over the previous year of 12 percent of the year was 26,600. and 22 percent respectively). The total There were also procured during the included 16,151 containers of talking year through the several non-profit presses books, 18,130 volumes and issues in which produce books for the blind, for Braille, and 609 in hloon. Throughout distribution to the 25 regional libraries, the country there was, during the calendar editions of 135 books in Braille, 7 in Moon year 1946, a circulation of 801.797 items type, and 44 on talking book records. The to blind readers through the system of 26 total number of volumes placed in the regional libraries of which the Library's libraries, including the editions mentioned service is one. This total consisted of above, as well as subscriptions to maga- 302,046 volumes of Braille lent to 10,732 zines for the blind, but escluding single readers; 23,576 volumes of Moon to 749 and replacement copies, amounted to readers; and 476,175 containers of talking 57,784 volumes and issues of Braille, 795 book records to 18.607 readers. Many of Moon, and 6,565 containers containing readers use both Braille and talking books, 102,080 talking book records. and the total number of individual regis- To assist in the selection of the books to tered borrowers in the regional libraries is be embossed or recorded, two committees 27:392. were organized in addition to the previ- On September 16, 1946 the board of ously functioning Book -of - the -Minute directors of the National Library for the Committee. One of these, the Readers' Blind, Inc., of Washington. D. C., voted Advisory Group, is composed of fifteen to liquidate the corporation and to convey .blind and ten sighted persons; the other, its collections to the Library of Congress. the Librarians' Advisory Group, is com- The Library of Congress, for its part, posed of the librarians of the regional agreed to take over the reader-service libraries. Lists of titles under considera- which the National Library had been tion are sent to the members of these groups qiving, and, in order to effect this, to for suggestion and comment, and these employ five members of the National are considered in the making of the final Library's staff in its Division for the Blind. This institution, which was founded in A list of the books of which editions were 1911, had been performing a useful work. REPORT OF 'THE LIBRr1RI.-IN OF CONGRESS, 1947

especially in the amount of Braille tran- and graduated as a Bachelor of hlusic. scrip tion ~vhichit performed and in the srtrnrttn cltnl /nztde. employment ~vhichit gave to blind work- During thc year all the Lil~rary's ers. As a regional lending lil~rary,how- services for the I~lind, including the ever, it represented a source of service lending service, thc volunteer transcril~ing which duplicated that of the Lil~raryof service and the services for the selection, Congress. The merger of these services procurement and distribution of l~ooks and collections provided, in consequence, and machines, wcrc all I~roughttogether an opportunity for distinct ccoIloilly not in one Division for the Blind under thc only through disposition of thc duplicating provisions of General Order No. 1299 book stock I~utalso through further reduc- dated October 1, 1946. tion in the size of the editions of books distributed. Trr~HISPANIC:FOL'XD.-\TIOX Additions to the Library's collection of The \vork of the Hispanic Foundation books for the blind increased during the resulted in three rnajor accomplishments past year by 7,648 volumes and containcrs, during the last year: the resu~nptionof work bringing it to a total of 63,081 items. upon the Handbod of Lafin Americatt Sfrtdies Although some 25,000 items were trans- with the object of placing it upon a per- ferred from the National Library for the manent and current l~asis;the substantial Blind, only 5,760 of these were retained. con~pletionof the bibliographical project The remainder are to be used in eschange covering the art, music, law, and public or disposed of in other ways. documents of Latin America; and the Through the activities of the volunteer organization of the Assembly of Librarians Braille transcribing service the Library of the Americas which is mentioned l~elow. received 271 hand-transcribed volumes. The Handbook of Latin ,American Strrdies has This service is an important one in that since 1935 attempted to bring together it provides facilities for supplying single within the covers of one annual volume copies of books to meet the needs (such as the significant current contributions to those of undergraduate and graduate knowledge of Latin America. Such a university students) \\?here no editions volurne is important in any field of study, have been printed in the raised types. but particularly important for a group of 111 order to assure the compctence of the countries where guides to current publica- volunteer transcribers, they 11lust be tions are imperfectly developed. Because instructed. This has been effected through the Handbook attempts to meet the needs of correspondence courses, and the Library investigators in almost every field whose certified 137 Braillists during the period. studies touch on Latin America, it has Approsirnately 425 volunteer workers been published under the joint sponsorship were active this past year, resulting in the of a committee representing the principal transcription of 133,970 pages, the com- research councils. pletion of 286 single-copy books, and the The work of compilation is voluntary, binding of 820 volumes. Arnong those being performed by contributingeditors who were the beneficiaries of the ~vorkof throughout the hemisphere. The final these volunteers were 15 college and editorial work, however, has, during the university students, in addition to others past year, been performed by the Hispanic who were assisted directly by local groups. Foundation. Dr. Miron Burgin was ap- One student in music received 17 volumes pointed editor of the Handbook in Septem- of hand-transcribed textbook material, ber 1946, and the editorial work has pro- THE REFERENCE SERVICES

cceded rapidly. Volurncs 9 and 10, for tuals in America, 1736-1945, and this is 1943 and 1944, have come from the press; nearly ready for the press. Other biblio- printer's copy for volume 11 has been graphical work in[-oli-ed the preparation almost completed, and work on volume 12 of shorter lists, up to 64 in number, for use has started. In order that the Harzdbook in response to inquiries for information. may in the future appear in the -4ugust In continuance of the program under following the year whose publications it which from time to ti~nea Latin A~nerican covers, arrangements arc being ~nadefor espert is invited to \\.ark in the Library on speeding up the acquisitions process for projec ts of nlu tual usefulness, Professor Latin American material. The ten-year Arturo Morales of the University of inclcs to the Hatldbook is being suspended Puerto Rico served as Consultant in for the tirne being. Puerto Rican Bibliography for one month The year saw also the practical comple- from August 18, 1946, to hegin work on a tion of the comprehe~lsi\-el~il>lioyraphical supplement to the Bibliografia Pueriori- program which the Library of Congress queia of Antonio S. Pedreira, and to make presented in 1941 to the Inter-depart- a study of the Puerto Rican collection of xnental Committee on Coopera tion with manuscript and other material presented the Other American Republics. The to the Library by Miss Alice B. Gould. Library undertook to finish the uncom- As a result of the various bibliographical pleted part of the program in fiscal 1947, and other cultural contacts of the Founda- receiving a publication fund of $41,000 tion and the Library with the Hispanic from the Department of State. and assign- countries of both hemispheres, many valu- ing the administration of the project to the able publications not otherwise easily pro- Director of the Hispanic Foundation. curable were received for the collections, Mrs. Helen Clagett with an assistant was which are now estimated to have reached detailed from the Law Lil~raryto work a total of 103,100 volumes. Sr. Christovam full-time upon the law guides; Dr. Otto Leite de Castro, \vho served as Con- Neuburger and Mr. .John De Noia with sultant in Brazilian Geography in 1945, secretarial aid were detailed from the has continued to collect Brazilian books for Acquisitions Department to work on the the Library, his latest shipmen t contain- guides to documents; while Mr. Henry ing 270 volumes. Through Dr. Enrique V. Besso as general editor and other Uribe White, the national librarian of assistants completed the staff of the Colombia, the Lil~raryreceived a set of project. Nine law guides-for Para- 60 handsomely bound volumes of the guay, Bolivia, Mexico, Venezuela, Ecua- works of Colonlbian authors. dor, Peru, Uruguay, Chile and Argentina -and ten guides to official publications- THE ASSEhIBLY OF LIBRARIANS OF THE for Costa Rica, Colombia, the Dominican AMERICAS Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guate- The past year furnished the first occa- mala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, and sion on which the principal librarians of Panama-went to press by June 30. both of the American continents have ever Three more document guides, for Peru, come together in a general meeting for the Uruguay, and Venezuela, are scheduled for early completion, leaving only the discussion of mutual problems. Brazilian law and document guides as It is a curious co~nmentary that this projects for 1948. occasion was to scrne degree hastened by a Work continued during the year on the tragic event in Peru four years ago when bio-bibliography of the Spanish intellec- the National Library at Lima, with its 40 REPORT OF THE L1BKARI.AN OF CONGRESS, 1947

rich collection of manuscripts relating to gates from 19 of the Latin American the conquest and esploration of South Repul~lics,only Honduras being unrep- America, was destroyed by fire. resented. Canada was represented 11y Plans for rebuilding and restocking the three delegates, and the Philippines and Lima Library \\.ere immediately under- Puerto Rico 11y one each. Lil~rariansfrom taken, and in thcsc plans the lil~raries all parts of the United States participated and the learncd \~.orldgenerally through- in part or all of the meetings. The Con- out the Americas took a keen and active ference worked steadily for four weeks, interest. Indeed. the rel~uilding of this di\.iding its program into general sessions library furnished a focus, one of the first and meetings of seven technical subcom- of its kind, for the intellectual interests of mittees. The final session adopted 57 many professions in both continents. In resolutions providing among other things this country a collection of I~ookswas made the I~asisfor continuing work on the ol?jec- in behalf of the new building? and in tives on which agreement was found. Lima on July 4. 1946, at the request of I;ollo\ving the Asseml~lythe visitors pro- the Department of State and in the name ceeded, in two parties following different of the United States, I presented these routes, to the conf~renceof the American books to the Go\-ernment of Peru for its Library Associa tion at San Francisco, national library. In connection ~vith inspecting various 1il)raries and l~il~lio- this visit, not only in Peru hut also in graphical centers on the way. Colombia. Panama. Costa Rica, Guate- There can be no douht of the actual and mala and Mexico, I found lil~rariansmost potential achievement of this Asseml~lyin responsive to the suggestion that there be strengthening the cultural bonds between held in \\'ashington a conference at \vhich, the countries of the hemisphere and in for the first time, there might Ile sought in promoting a better understanding of many open discussion a common basis of under- lil~raryproblen~s and activities. standing between the library worlds of the northern and southern continents. and at \vhich a common program for future action The fiscal year 1947 was an outstanding might be initiated. one in the service of legal materials, indeed Preliminarv plans for the Assembly had the busiest in the history of the Law Li- indeed already been made, and the neces- brary, with marked increases in all re- sary 'funds for secretariat and delegates' ported activities. expenses were assured in the cultural rela- There was a 93 percent increase over tions program of the Department of State. the previous year's figures both in the The librarians and lil~raryassociations of number of readers who used the Law the United States were anxious to cooper- Library in the Main Building and in the ate. Early in the fall of 1946, therefore, number of those who were assisted 11y the invitations were issued and a secretariat reference staff, and a 96 percent rise in was established; and in March 1947, Dr. the number of those to whom additional Ernesto G. Gietz, the Director of the Insti- assistance was given in reference confer- tuto Bibliotecnol6gico of the University of ences. The number of books drawn for Buenos -4ires arrived in Washington to use from the locked reference collections serve as Consultant in Library Science and and the stacks increased 173 percent, and as Secretary of the Interim Agenda Com- the number drawn from the open-shelf mittee for the Assembly. reference collection increased 76 percent. The Assenlbly itself was held from May Telephone calls for books and information 12 to June 6. It was attended by 33 dele- increased 7 1 percent. THE REFEIIENCE SERVICES

Reference service invol\-ing correspond- There have been continued receipts of ence did not increase at the same rate, the records of the ivar crime trials both but there was a 21 percent increase in the in Europe and in Asia. Of the Tokyo number of replies to inquiries, and a 40 trials, 3,431 items ivere bound up, during percent increase in the nurnl~erof pages the year, into 103 volumes. of translations, which involved the use of Of the 81,483 periodical issues, 56,175 16 languages. In the American, British, were American or British, 7,351 were Latin American and Foreign Laiv Sections Latin American, and 17,957 ivere from the staff \\?ascalled on to prepare 96 reports other foreigrl countries. The follo~ving on the law of 35 different jurisdictions in list indicates the nu~nherof issues received Europe, Asia and Latin America, as ivell and recorded in this latter category, by as on comparati\.e Latin .4merican, inter- jurisdiction of origin. national and Roman law. Austria ...... 559 At the Law Library in the Capitol Belgium...... 2,109 there Lvas an 8 percent increase in the Czechoslovakia ...... 1,91 5 nu~nberof readcrs, but a 9 percent decrease Danzig ...... 82 in the number of books used, while the Denmark ...... 669 number of telephone calls was reducecl Dutch West Indies...... 1, 393 Egypt ...... 14 markedly (34 percent), this being ac- Finland...... 126 counted for by the transfer of requests for France ...... 656 loans directly to the Loan Division. Ger~nany...... 1,554 \\We tne work of the Law Library as Hungary...... 1 a whole has increased, it appears from the Iceland ...... 26 Italy...... 1,123 condensed statistics which are shown above Latvia...... 1 that the greatest increases, amounting to Liechtenstein ...... 45 doubling and almost tripling of the work, Morocco ...... 4 occurred in the direct service to readers. Netherlands...... 1,835 These increases are to be esplained by the Norway...... 659 Portugal...... 563 return of veterans to the law schools and Poland ...... 699 to the active practice which they left for the Rumania ...... 38 \vary and to the greater amount'of work Spain ...... 247 bcing performed in governmental agencies Sweden...... 244 involving the use of legal materials. Switzerland...... 1,925 Turkey...... 18 Work of this nature has required, with U.S.S.R ...... 1,276 increasing frequency since the war due Yugoslavia...... 171 to problems of military occupation, rehabilitation and international controls, refer- Total...... 17,957 ence to the laws of foreign jurisdictions. The collections of the Law Library are The number of pieces of records and now estimated to contain 674,561 volumes briefs deposited by the various Federal and pamphlets. During the past year the courts was as follows: new materials received included 18,525 Unitcd States Supreme Court. 3, 681 volumes and pamphlets (including 2,666 United States Circuit Courts volumes purchased under the special of Appeals (10) ...... 4,423 appropriation for the Library of the United States Court of .4p- peals for the District of Supreme Court), 81,487 periodical issues, Columbia...... 15,379 and 24,144 records and briefs in cases United States Emergency before principal Federal courts. Court of Appeals...... 156 7GG318-48-4 42 REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947

United States Court of Estimated Claims...... 3 13 Colklclion picces United States Court of Cus- Philippc Bunau-1-arilla, ad- toms and Patent .-Ippcals . . 192 dition ...... 11,250 Clarcnce S. Darrow...... 20,000 Total...... 24,144 Ewing Family...... 98,400 Forcign Consulates (from U. In addition to a number of personal S. War ~c~art~nent)..... 6, 300 publications by meml~ers of the staff, Gcr~nanyand Japan (from several publications were issued or brought U. S. State, War and Navy to completion during the year in which the Departments)...... 91,650 Law Library has had an interest. Work Harprr's :\laga;itw, addition . 1, 200 Robcrt G. Ingcrsoll, supple- on the guides to the legal literature of the mental...... 3,300 Latin American countries was transferred Robcrt h.I. LaFollettc, Sr., to the I-Iispanic Foundation and is dis- addition...... 7,032 . cussed under that head. The Statzltor~j Robcrt hl. LaFollcttc, Jr., Crinlitinl Lozu of Grrt~iarg*with comments 1~y addition...... 119,994 \,tlaldo G. Leland...... 1,080 Dr. Vladimir Gsovski, Chief of the Foreign \I1illiarn Medill...... 1, 650 Law Section, and edited by Dr. Eldon C. Hart ~crria~;...... 8,400 James, the former Law T,il~rarian, \vas .John G. Nicolay ...... 3,900 published during the year IJ~the War De- Progressive National Conl- partment, at ~vhoserequest it was prepared, mittee...... 5,100 l~irs.French Sheldon...... 1, 350 and was issued at the same time as a . Oscar S. Straus, addition. .. 8, 106 Library publication. Raymond Gram Stving, addition...... 2,550 \Yilliam :Illen White...... 68, 250 The collections of the hIanuscripts Divi- Conway P. Wing...... 1,200 John Bassett Moore (pertain- sion are now estimated to contain 8,620,162 inrr. u to LVilliam L. hrlarcv),, . 1. 950 pieces. The additions during the past year are estimated at 499,135 pieces, con- Total...... 489,726 sisting of 330 separate collections. Of The dc~nandsupon the reference services these, 181 were received as gifts from in- of the Division continued to increase dur- dividuals or non-governmental agencies, ing the year. The numl~erof readers was 58 by purchase, 36 by transfer from gov- 55 percent greater than in the pre\~ious ernmental agencies, 14 as deposits sul~ject year, and the number of \lolumes or I~oses to withdrawal, 7 by eschange, and 35 as of lnanuscripts in use increased 29 per- copies by permission of the owners. The cent. The number of reference inquiries great bulk of the new accessions, amount- Ily correspondence rose by 64 percent. ing to 489,726 pieces, was, however, ac- Obviously, these reference demands could counted for by 23 collections, each con- 11e met only at the expense of the work of taining 1,000 or more pieces. All of these arranging, cataloging and preparation for were received by gift or transfer. A list of binding; yet the amount of this, which is them, together with the number of pieces reported elsewhere, was substantial. in each, is as follo\vs: The Division has continued in the coop- Estimated erative arrangement with the editorial Collection Fieces office at Princeton for the preparation of a American Historical :Issocia- definitive edition of the writings of Thomas tion, addition...... 6, 850 Mabel Boardman...... 3,150 Jefferson. While the Division supplies, for haark L. Bristol, addition. .. 17, 064 this purpose, copies of all Jeffersonian THE REFERENCE SERVICES

nlatcrial acquired, the arrangement has numerous, and in 1947 for the third con- brought to the Library a large quantity of secutive year receipts numbered more than , material previously scattered and not 100,000 pieces, as compared with an aver- easily available, and has resulted also in age of 31,300 for t!le preceding twenty the actual discovery of new material. years. The rate of arrival last year was One especially interesting discovery re- nearly 8,500 per month, totaling 101,550 sulting from this project occurred in the maps and 482 atlases for the year, in addi- Library's own original collection. Certain tion to some 60,000 maps not yet acces- notes made by Thomas Jefferson on a sioned. piece of paper, of which he later used the The sources of these maps have been the reverse side for another purpose, have been usual ones of copyright deposit, deposit identified by Dr. Julian Boyd, the editor and transfers by official map-making and of the Jefferson writings. as an early draft other agencies (these have been the most of a pol-tion of the Declaration of Inde- numerous), international and other ex- pendence.' changes, gifts and purchases. In coopera- In addition to the use of the collections tion with other agencies of the Govern- within the building, there have been a ment valuable work has been accomplished considerable number of demands for in reinstating international exchange ar- loans and copies. Requests from 31 rangements which lapsed during the war, institutions resulted in the lending of or in effecting new arrangements. New 18,234 pages of photostats of source agreements, to the number of 28, have materials from European collections. been concluded with foreign distributing These photostats are available for loan. agencies, and additional agreements are For original materials which may not be being negotiated. Shipments of maps lent, 402 requests for photographic copies were received from 37 different countries. were received, involving a total of 169,347 During the year the Division had 3,208 pages of material-an increase of 270 readers, 2,689 of whom received special percent. reference assistance, while 77 reference conferences of greater length were held with them; 1,763 telephone requests were The Library's collections of maps, received, 174 of them being of congres- atlases and charts were first brought to- sional and 978 of other governmental gether in a separate Maps Division' in origin; 30 Senators, 70 Representatives, 1897. At that time they were estimated and 10 congressional committees were to consist of 26,500 maps and 1,200 atlases. given assistance. It is estimated that 70 Fifty years later they were estimated to percent of the Division's reference inquiries contain over a million items (of which an come either from Congress or from Federal actual 1,869,970 have been accessioned). agencies. Daily or regular calls are In this total are 1,134,028 sheets of maps received in person or by telephone, from plus 668,845 duplicates, and 11,568 the Board on Geographical Names, the atlases. Army Map Service, the National Archives, Because of the enormous production of and the Departments of State, Navy and maps in connection with the war, the past Agriculture. Forty-four thousand one few years have been those in which acces- hundred fifty-nine mapsheets and 2,251 sions of new materials have been most atlases were served to readers in the Division. Major research projects by 1 Julian P. Boyd: ,Arezo light on Jefferson and his great task. J\GZU l^orX- Times Alagaii~zc, April 73, individual investigators carried on in the 7947, p. 77ff. Division ranged in scale from a general 44 KEPOK'T OF THE LIBRr\RI:\N OF CONGRESS, 1947 ivork on the development of cartography materials represented in this total are: to a history of Schenectady, Neiv York. the newspapers copied in the. course of Four hundred reference letters were sent several projects, including the Library's out, each requiring an average of three or o\vn program for rescuing files which are four man-hours for research, drafting, and threatened with loss throt ~ghdeterioration typing. The reference work of the Divi- of the paper; manusc~ipts in British sion has e\?en estended to the preparation archives and libraries reproduced in the of maps, several large ones having been emergency wartime British Microfilming constructed for the use of the Senate Project of the American Council of Committee on Foreign Relations and the Learned Societies; British books up to House Comnlittee on Foreign Affairs. 1640 in the Pollard and Rcdgrave Sf~ort- Use of materials in the Division has Tille Ca~aIogrieseries; early La tin American been supplemented by loan and photo- books in the RlIedina Collection copied duplication services: 1,757 pieces were through a cooperative project with the sent out on loan, of ~vhichabout 600 went ,John Carter Bro~vn Library and the to non-governmental users and the rest Rockefeller Foundation; the wartirnc ac- to Congress and the Federal agencies; quisi tions of the I~ter-departmental Com- another 2,057 maps were photocopied. mittee for the Acquisition of Foreign Publications; State legislative docunlents reproduced in special projects for that purpose; manuscripts and books copi;d by The principal uses of microfilm are for the hefodern Language Association in preserving the contents of library n:aterials microfilm and rotograph for111 and de- which in their original form are endan- posited with the Library. gered by destruction or deterioration, and Because of this variety of materials the for cheaply reproducing rare or unique service of the h4icrofilm Reading Room is originals. These applications bring to- ancillary to that of almost all of the other gether, on similar reels or even on the services of the Library; but, because same reel of film, very dissimilar materials: microfilm copies lend themselves readily ancient Welsh, Islamic or Indian manu- to further reproduction, a large part of its scripts; reports of German wartime re- service consists in supplying materials for search; British books of the sixteenth and photoduplication. During the past year, seventeenth centuries; American foreign as against 1,550 reels of film and volumes language newspapers of the twentieth cen- of rotographs used by readers, 1,909 were tury; maps, official gazettes, and music. supplied for further copying. Because of the special conditions under Also because of the miscellaneous con- which microfilm must be stored and used, tent of microfilms, their recording has the principal service of material in this always presented a problem: they do not form, no matter what the originals may clearly constitute a category by themselves, have been, is given in one place, the but rather cut across many other cate- Microfilm Reading Room. To the col- gories. Pending the better development lections of this room were added, during of general records, a temporary record is the past year, 6,208 reels of film, bringing held in the Microfilm Reading Room, the collection up to 35,794 reels. This is where the finding list now contains nearly the equivalent of approximately 60 million 61,000 entries. The holdings of the collec- pages of original material. tion are also reported for publication in the Among the separate groups of original Union List of Microfilms. 'THE REFERENCE SERI7ICES

the gift by Miss Mary Pickford of her personal collection, in 1,121 reels corlsisting The Library has possessed, since the last for most subjects of both positives and nega- years of the nineteenth and the early years tives, of most of the pictures in which she of the t~centicth century a collection of appeared. -Another valuable collection of motion pictures of great historical value older films, acquired by purchase, was the and interest, representing, as they do in Kleine Collection in 738 reels. many cases, the unique copies of the ear- Much progress was achieved in the dis- liest vestiges of the art. This collection, position of the collection in which the and the experimental work which has in captured enemy films represented a par- recent years been performed in connection ticularly difficult job of identification, with it, have been discussed in previous sorting, etc. A total of 35,900 reels \\.ere reports (e. g., 1943, pp. 37,213; 1945, p. 34; shelved, 15,000 were cleaned preliminary and 1946, p. 258). The experimental to inspection, 2,262 were examined, 10,600 work during 1946 led to the authorization were identified and labeled, and 100 were of an expanded program for the past fiscal duplicated in order to preserve the photo- year. The principal objectives of this graphic itnagc. The work which was done program were to acquire available collec- in the cataloging of the collection has been tions of films in order to fill in the great mentioned elsewhere in this Report. gap bet\\,een the years 1912 when the In Janu~ry1946, it was suggested to me Library ceased collecting and 1941 when by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget it again commenced to make selections that it would be in the interest of a ccn- from the current films which are obtainable tralized service if the Library would un- without cost in lieu of copyright deposits; dertake public distribution of government- to attempt to secure useful representation produced films after the termination of of the films produced at great cost by the original distribution by the issuing agen- Government during the war for training cies. A first step in the accomplishmcnt of and other purposes; to arrange, record, this objective was the preparation of a clean, and restore when necessary, the Guide to CT. S. Gouernmetlt i\/iotion Pictures, films already in the collections; to make which lists 1,330 titles and where they can- arrangements by which government films, be secured. This Guide has come from the when released by the agencies of initial press since the end of the fiscal year, and distribution, could be made avai~adleto includes the type of information requested the public generally; to issue catalogs of in approximately 3,000 letters received available government films; and in general, during the year. to provide a center for reference work with A secorld step corlsisted in an attempt to films based upon the Library's own collec- make publicly available those government tions. films no longer distributed by the origi- All of these objectives were attained, nating agencies. A contract was placed by though perhaps in small part, during the which copies of certain films niight be single year's operation of the Division. purchased by the public on the most The collection was measurably strength- favorable terms. Because of the care re- ened by the acquisition of 21,470 reels of quired to assure for any one film that no film of which 3,835 consisted of govern- rights of copyright, performance, etc., ment wartime films, 15,329 reels were of might be breached through such distribu- captured enemy origin, and 1,510 reels tion, a Committee on Motion Picture were current copyright subjects. One of Clearances was established, representative the principal acquisitions of the year was of the interests of the Government, the 46 REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947 general public and the motion picture in- Canada, and from many other foreign dustry. A mechanism for effecting clear- countries. ances was worked out and was successfully Under the Division's auspices 78 con- applied with respect to three titles. Under certs were given during the year in Wash- the terms of the Legislative Branch Appro- ington and elsewhere throughout the priation Act, 1948, however, the activities country. A list of these appears in the of the Division were liquidated on.July 31, Appendis. 111 addition to those which 1947. were ~ivenunder the two foundations which are mentioned below, a concert THE~~USICDIVISION under the Nicholas Longworth Founda- The functions of the Music Division tion was tendered to the members of the include not only the maintenance of the Modern Language Association on the collections of printed and manuscript occasion of its ~lleetingin IVashington on l nu sic and books about music, together December 30, 1946. with responsibility for reference service in The Division continued to participate connection with these collections, but also with the Department of State in the esecu- the administration of the concert programs tion of the project for developing American made possible by the several foundations music loan libraries for Latin America by which have been established for that pur- organizing catalogs which will 'facilitate pose, and the supervision of the Folklore the use of the American music which is Section and of the Recording Laboratory. being sent to various centers. This in- The collections in music increased during volved the printing of catalog cards for the last year by a total of 22,128 items. 1,876 different musical publications and It is interesting to note that the major pro- records which are being distributed gen- portion of this total (14,182 items) was erally, and the preparation of additional received through deposits for copyright, typewritten entries for material nqt gen- and that, in turn, the major proportion of erally distributed. A total of 8,925 cards these (13,638 items) consisted of music has been prepared, in n~ultiplesets, which proper (i. e., notation) rather than of the it is espected to arrange in card index literature of music (history, criticism, or cases ready to be set up in the loan instruction). The total music collection, libraries. exclusive of unaccessioned material, now The Dayton C. Miller Flute Collection, amounts to 1,724,983 pieces, of which which, under the terms of Dr. Miller's 42,362 are recordings, 46,796 are classified will, came to the Library in 110 packing as concerned with the theory of music, cases only just in time to be evacuated 97,384 as history, criticism, etc., and the during the war, was at last unpacked and remainder, constituting the principal part made available for use last year. It con- of the collection in numerical terms, as sists of 1,521 instruments, more than 1,300 music proper. books, some 2,300 music titles (represent- The number of readers and borrowers ing over 10,000 separate pieces) as well as increased during the past year by 46 per- other material. A selection of 150 of the cent, but the count of books used by then1 flutes, intended to show the history of the decreased slightly (4 percent). The num- developnlent of the instrument, and includ- ber of reference inquiries by mail showed ing Dr. Miller's gold flute as well as the a substantial increase (1 1 percent), and flute of Frederick the Great, nras placed were from every state of the Union escept on eshibit. two, as well as from Hawaii and Alaska, Due to the pressure of other activities, in addition to a considerable number from the important index to articles in music THE REFERENCE SERVICES

periodicals was altnost co~npletcly neg- Internationale des SociCtb dYAuteurset lectcd during the year. Compositeurs and with the meetings of the Asse~rhlyof Librarians of the Amer- THE ELlZABETIi SPRACUE COOLIDGE icas. Another concert, given for the ii FOUNDATION Library staff, celehrated the completion Under the auspices of the Coolidge of 20 years of service with the Budapest Foundation, 52 concerts were presented Quartet by its first violinist, Mr. Joset' last year (the dates and places of presen- Roismann, and used the same program j tation of which are recorded in the Ap- which was played in Oslo in 1927 when pendis). Forty-four of these took place Mr. Roismann made his debut with the 1I> outside of M'ashington and 8 in the Cool- organization. idge Auclitoriun~in the Library. To the Foundation's notable collection At the concert at Tanglewood on July of music manuscripts were added last 23, 1946, there were two notal~lefirst per- year a nutnber of important items from formances. One of these was Francesco the S ton borough Collection, including blalipiero's Le Sette Allegresse $Amore for the rnan~iscriptsof Brahms' Third Sympflony, soprano and 14 instruments, dedicated to Op. 90, Piano Quintet, Op. 34, and other Mrs. Coolidge. She has since t laced the Brahms items, as well as u-orks by Carl manuscript in the Coolidge Collection in Maria iron IVeber and Richard \tTagner. the Library. At the same concert Arthur It has been one of the ol~jectivesof the Vincent LouriC's cantata, ~Vaissancede la Foundation to reflect in the progranis of Beauti, \\?as given its first performance in the concerts given under its auspices the Airlerica. The Coolidge Foundation also wealth of music literature which it has participated with Harvard University in a brought, in original form, to the Library's Symposium of Music Criticism in Cam- collections. bridge on May 1-3, 1947, by arranging for a special performance by Martha TIIE FOLKLORE SECTIOX Graham and her dance company. The On August 22, 1946 general responsibili- program consisted of works commissioned ties for acquisition and reference service in by the Foundation-Dark 12feadozu ' by the field of folklore were given to the Carlos Chavez, Aright Journgr by \Villiam Folklore Section which at that time took Schuman, the last commissioned espe- over the more restricted responsibilities of cially for the occasion and given its first the Archive of American Folk Song. performance at that time. Activity during the year in building up the collection was largely devoted to the TIIE GERTRUDE CLARKE WHITTALL perfecting of cooperative arrangements FOUNDATION with collect~rsin the field and with other The Gertrude Clarke \Yhittall Founda- institutions. In this connection, the Chief tion presented twenty-five concerts in the of the Section visited a number of \Vestern Library during the year. Fifteen of these States in the interest of stimulating local were played by the Budapest String Quar- folklore and folk song activities. Conse- tet, using the collection of Stradivari quent upon these visits a number of uni- stringed instruments which were given to versities have established collecting centers the Library by Mrs. \!Vhittall, and which it and projects, and a number of others have is a principal purpose of the Foundation to requested cooperation. preserve and make useful. Special concerts The accessions of the Section during the were arranged in connection with the year consisted of 567 recordings, bringing first postwar meeting of the ConftdEration the collection to a total of 8,945 discs. 48 REPORT OF THE LIBK.4RI:IN OF CONGRESS, 1347

Approximately half of the new recordings by grants of funds fromtheNetherlands In- are 16-inch discs, each one of which formation Bureau and the Coolidge Foun- contains a half-hour of recorded material. dation, which, however, have now been During the year the editorial work was discontinued. \ITith a staff of never more completed on five new albums of folk than three persons it has demonstrated songs from the Library's collections, and again the value of even a small group these are no\v in process of manufacture. assigned to work with thk publications They are: dealing with a particular area or language. XVII. Seneca Songs from the Cold- Its primary functions were to strengthen, spring Longhouse, edited by William through recommendations for specific ac- Fenton. quisitions and general procurement ar- XVIII. Folk Music of Puerto Rico, rangements, the Library's collections of edited by Richard .4. Waterman. Netherlands and Netherlands colonial XIX. Folk hhic of Mexico. edited by Henrietta Yurchenco. material, and to prepare bibliographies XX-XSI. Folk Music of the United and finding lists for this material. It was States: -4nglo-American Songs and also given responsibility for reference serv- Ballads, edited by Duncan Emrich. ice in connection with the literature of this

THE RECORDING LABOR.4TORY subject. During the five years of its esistence the In addition to carrying out the mechani- Unit has been very productive. It has cal details of the projects organized by the assisted in greatly strengthening the collec- Folklore Section? the Recording Labora- tion of Netherlands materials, and it has tory conlpleted the preparation of five prepared and issued a now well-known albums of folk song recordings to be used l~ibliography on the Netherlands East in stimulating exchange under the pro- Indies (1744). It has performed other gram of cultural Cooperation with the I~ibliographic work, some of which has Other A~ncricanRepublics, and renewed resulted in publication, on Dutch immi- its \vork in making masters for the ad- gration to North America, 1624-1 860, the vanced language training courses prepared Dutch colonial problem, labor in the for the armed forces by the American Netherlands East Indies and many other . Council of Learned Societies. related topics. The work of the past year Because the Laboratory is operated under was concerned particularly with improve- a revolving fund originally provided by ment- of the collection of Dutch official the Carnegie Corporation of New York, pul~licationsand with the preparation of a it is a matter of concern that its income guide to Dutch bibliographies. from sales is sufficient to cover its expenses. The financial statement of its operations which is placed in the Appendix sho~vs The Orientalia Division is organized that this condition obtained during the into several units, each of which is re- year. Pressings sold increased from 8,367 sponsible not only for the custody and in 1946 to over 11,000 in 1947: and these service of the special linguistic materials sales 11-ould have heen higher if additional within its area, but in addition, for satisfactory pressings could have been general reference services on the particular secured. cultural field which is defined by the linguistic specialization. All but one of these units (viz. the Hebraic Section) have The past year was the last for this Unit responsibility also for cataloging and which sincePIpri1 1942 has been supported classifying the books in their custody. THE REFERENCE SERVICES

These units are the Chinese, Hel~raic, legal history compiled during the past two Indic (including southeast Asia), Japan- decades by the Chung Chu Won, or ese and Near East Sections. The use of Central Council, composed almost entirely the collections of' these several sections of native Korean scholars. amounted to over 27,000 volumes during The Hebraic Section continued to re- the past year by Inore than 6,000 readers. ceive Palestinian publications during the In addition there were more than 5,000 past year through the good offices of Presi- inquiries by telephone, and special lists dent Magnes of the Hebrew University at and bibliographies prepared amoun red to Jerusalem. Copyright deposits accounted 161. for 56 publications. Arrangements were Because of the difficulties of procuring also made to secure Yiddish publications books from China, due to interrupted issued in the Soviet Union. A check of communications and currency fluctua- the collections of the Hebraic Section tions, the acquisitions of the Chinese against several standard bibliographies, Section during the year amounted to only with a view to the preparation of desider- 953 titles in 3,206 volumcs. Ho~vever,85 ata lists, produced some interesting results. ancient Chinese works were added to the It was found that the Library possesses collection of rare Chinese books, bringing about 70 percent of the American Hebraica this collection up to a total of 1,707. A listed in Deinard's Kehillot/z America (St. catalog of 1,622 of these books, prepared Louis, 1926)' including several exceeding- by Mr. MTang Chung-min, specialist in ly rare items; and about 40 percent of the rare books in the National Library of rare Hebraica listed in the same author's Peiping, has been completed and is ready 'Atikoth Yehudah (Jerusalem, 1915), Stein- for publication. schneider, and other authorities. At the Meanwhile the 2,883 ancient Chinese same time a number of categories were 4 books belonging to the National Library checked in Friedberg's Beth 'Eked Sepharim of Peiping which were placed in protective (Antwerp, 1928-31), which is the most custody here during the war are ready for complete available register of books printed return to China as soon as conditions in the Hebrew language up to 1925. permit. A microfilm reproduction of Eight bibliographies were prepared dur- 2,720 of these books, comprising about ing the year, three of which, dealing with two-and-a-half millio~lpages and requiring the Jewish festivals, evoked a considerable 1,072 reels of film, was completed in interest which suggests the desirability of a fiscal year 1946. One copy of the film wider distribution. A number of trans- has been sent to China to make the contents lations were prepared for government of the books available there, pending the agencies and Members of Congress. return of the books themselves. It is Considerable attention was given, I interesting to note that other copies of the through a survey conducted by the Chief film have been purchased by the univer- af the Section, Dr. Gaster, among Hebraic sities of Cambridge, Chicago and Leiden, and Jewish libraries in this country, to the I I while portions of it have also been secured p~ssibilitiesof coordination of activities by Columbia, Harvard and other uni- through the adoption of a single standard versi ties. of cataloging and classification, and the A significant addition to the Korean development of a central cataloging agen- collection was made by a visiting group cy, interchange of information regarding of Korean jurists who, on May 23, 1947, accessions, and cooperative microfilming came to the Library cspressly to present arrangements. Agreement in principle twelve basic works on Korean law and was obtained from some 20 institutions, 50 REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, 1347

and the arrangements are to be \vorked Sozrt fleast Asia, 7.935-45, a Selected List out. Because the Union Catalog of Hebra- of Reference Books, divided into seven ica is essential to these arrangements, steps sections corresponding to geographical \\.ere taken to bring it into order. divisions, each with twelve subdivisions by E~yents connected with constitutional sub-ject and representing altogether nearly changes in India had their effect upon the 900 titles, appeared in December 1946 with never altogether satisfactory arrangelnents the aid of a grant of funds from the Ameri- for procurement of current publications can Council of the Institute of Pacific from that country and gave urgency to Relations. 0ther bibliographical work in Dr. Poleman's visit to India which is men- progress includes a selective bibliography tioned in connection with the acquisitions on Burma, 1900 to date, a sut~jectindex to operations. A1 though t he Indic Section the Jozlrnal of the Burma Researcfr Socicty, and receit-ed Inany \.alual,lc Indian pul~lica- a compilation of periodical literature per- tions during the year, inclrtding a large taining to southeast Asia in the period number of gifts, yct thc :nattc*rs of con- 1935-45. tinuing momcnt in this co~lnectionare the The Japanese Section has been, since eschange relationships wit11 incli\.idual ,July 15, 1946, in the charge of Mr. John Indian institutio~ls,ancl thc negotiation of R. Shivcly during the ahsence-with-leave exchange agecnncnts veith the Indian of Mr. Edwin G. Beal, Jr. The collection governments. increased rapidly during the year. This General as \\.ell as oficial intcrcst in was not due, however, to renewed relations events in India reflcctcd also in re- with Japanese publishers or book sellers, quests for reference service. Besides direct hut chiefly to the transfers of material service to readers, in response to telephone made to the Lil~raryby other government calls and in ansivcr to correspondence, the agencies, notably the 14Tashington Docu- Section co~npiled49 bibliographical lists ments Center, which had assembled large on Indic sul~jectssuch as land o~vxlership collections of Japanese material in connec- in the Punjab, Dravidian art and archi- tion with their wartime and postwar ac- tecture, and Indo-American relations. In tivities. Another principal source of ac- collaboration with the Law Library the quisition was through the purchase, from Section prepared a list of books on con- the Alien Property Custodian, of the stitutional la\v for use by the Indian library of the Japan Institute, which Constituent Assembly. throughout the war had been deposited at Difficulties in the procurement of cur- Columbia University. An arrangement rent materials from the countries of south- has been made whereby the duplicates in east Asia-Burma, Siam, Rllalaya, Indone- this collection will @, under an eschange sia, Indo-China, etc.-are similar to those arrangement, to Columbia. that exist with respect to India proper, yet Progress was made during the year in some notable acquisitions of material were arranging the collection (43,9 15 pieces made during the year, including especially arranged) and in transliterating Japanese a shipment of nearly 400 volumes from the names into the Roman alphabet for more Government of Siam. Institutional and convenient filing and reference (25,211 international exchange arrangements are cards filed). A microfilm of the Harvard- in process of development with several of Yenching Institute's classified subject cata- the countries concerned. log has been received; this will be enlarged Among a number of bibliographies and the resultant cards will amplify the prepared during the year concerned with Union Catalog of Japanese books. 1 'THE REFERENCE SERI'ICES

continued and led to the issue of 12,123 Justice, Treasury, Commerce and Interior books for use during the year. Pages of Departments and other agencies. Trans- translation prepared were 116, and exten- lations wcrc requested in 115 instances, sive bibliographies were compiled on some of these being of considerable religion in Japan, Japanese dialects, significance. There were 1,063 readers Korean census publications, local histories and visitors anc! nearly 2,000 telephone of the Inland Sea region, prewar and war- inquiries. time social controls in Japan, sources of A principal contribution of the Section Japanese biography, and Korean relations is to the I)ibliographical exploitation of the with China, Japan and Russia. literature of its field-a field in which there In the absence of Dr. Harold \\'. are no developed national bibliographies Glidden, who was on temporary leave from of the current publications. Apart from .January 31, 1947, for service with the De- the special bil~liographicsmade in response partment of State, Dr. Sidney S. Glazer to specific requests (which included, this served as Chief of the Near East Section. . past year, a request from an official of the However, Dr. Gliclclen's assignment, which Arab League for lists of best books in vari- has taken him to thc Near East, has led to o. , categories) this contribution is made the development of very productive pur- principally through an arrangement with chasing and other procurement arrange- The A4iMe East Journal whereby the Sec- Inents for the publications of a number of tion takes responsibility-with the aid of countries in this area. Important refunds provided for the purpose-for the ceipts of ~naterialduring thc year include preparation of a quarterly Bibliogra~hyqf a collection of 2,000 Arabic books trans- Periodic01 Literature on tile ~I'ear and Middle ferred from the \\Tashington Documents Enst. The Bihliograply is prepared in Center, a valuable gift of periodical cooperation with a number of private material from the Syrian Government, the scholars, while the lndic Section contrib- publications of the goverrltnental printing utes material within its field of interest. office of Turkey and current books and This arrangement fills an important need, periodicals from Egypt. With respect to and has received a considerable and favor- the pul~lications of Georgia, Armenia, able response. Persia and Central Asiatic Turkey, ho\v- ever, only a srnall number of publications, PRINTS4ND PHOTOGRAPHSDIVISION due to inadequate means of procurement, The function of the Prints and Photo- have been received. Closer relations with .graphs Division is to maintain and provide groups of Americans of Armenian descent service in the Library's extensive collec- promise to draw to the Library some of tions in the field of the graphic arts. the older books of that ancient culture, These include not only the collections of and arrangements with individual institu- fine prints and drawings which are irn- tions in Ncar Eastern countries, such as portant as original works of art, and of the Library of the University of Istanbul, reproductions of original works of art, but promise to improve the adequacy of also the collections of illustrations, in receiprs of current materials. photographic and other forms, which are The collections and special services of important chiefly-because of their subject this Section received much use during the matter. year, most of \vhich was oficial in charac- Although the organization-through cat- ter. Users included, in addition to Mem- aloging, arrangement, mounting, and 1 bers of both Houses of Congress, the filing-of the various kinds of illustrative 52 REPORT OF THE L1BR.-1RI.AN OF CONGRESS, 1947

which must be perfornled if their potential T17here .hfest?, to Rock\vell Kent's litho- usefulness is to be realized, the current graph J17eltschmerr, and to J. J. Lankes' service in response to readers and other wood engraving M7inter. In addition, the inquirers occupies almost the entire time of committee selected 32 prints from the the staff. There were during the year Eshibition for purchase by the Library. 7,246 readers, who made use of 31,519 In connection with the Eshibition Mr. volumes of books and periodicals and of John Taylor Arms, the distinguished etcher an estimated 367,970 prints, photographs and member of the Pennell Fund Com- and drawings. In addition, 27,643 photo- mittee, gave a talk on May 20 on "The graphic prints and negatives were furnished Meaning of Prints" in the Coolidge for use in the making of photographic Auditorium. copies through the Photoduplication Lab- The collection of American historical oratory. prints continued to provide illustrative The additions to the collections during material to publishers, educational insti- the year consisted of 576 prints, 692 photo- tutions and individuals. Currier and Ives ~nechanicalreproductions, 92,340 photo- prints and other nineteenth century litho- graphs and photostats, 96,741 photographic graphs have been lin request for museum negatives, and 5,380 miscellaneous items eshibits. Individual orders for photo- such as posters, stamps, etc. Only a small graphic reproductions have numbered 480, part of this total has been processed for for 5,366 prints. Allore than 900 requests use. have been received for the catalog entitled The selection of prints under the terms Pictorial Americnna since it went out of print of the Pennell bequest resulted in the at the beginning of the year, and it is purchase of 177 fine prints during the hoped that a new edition can be prepared year. The Pennell Fund Committee met during the current year. five times for the purpose of selecting Similar demands for use have been made prints for purchase, and a sixth time to upon the collection of documentary photo- award prizes and select prints from the graphs, the portrait collection and the Fifth National Exhibition of Prints. several architectural collections known as Groups of prints from the Pennell Collec- the Pictorial Archives of Early American tion were lent for eshibition to the St. Architecture and the Historic American Louis City Art h,Iuseum and to the Buildings Survey. Of the architectural Cleveland Print Club. material alone, 20,09 1 books, photographs The Fifth National Eshibition of Prints, and drawings were used by readers, in was held from May 1 to the end of addition to 14,340 photoduplicates sup- July. Submissions were more numerous plied. From this collection information than in any previous year, numbering has been provided on several old houses 1,401 prints by 609 artists. The Jury of and churches which have been destroyed Admission, consisting of Messrs. Federico and which now may be restored or rebuilt, Castellon, Samuel Chamberlain and Fritz including the Slade House, at Macon, Ga.; Eichenberg, proved to be an unusually Lowther Hall at Clinton, Ga.; the Presby- exacting one, and admitted only 183 terian Church at Pompey, N. Y.; and the prints by 154 artists. The Pennell Fund First Presbyterian Church of Elizabeth, Committee determined this year to change N J. the method of awards, and to assign three Dr. T. S. Palmer has continued his volun- first prizes of $100 each to prints in each of tary work of indesing and arranging the the principal media. These prizes were Ruthven Deane Collection of portraits of THE REFERENCE SERVICES

tional Park Service -and the Society of' 2,397 \.olurncs and pamphlets, and 210 American Foresters in the organization of broadsides, of which the collection now the hllather and Pinchot Collections of por- contains 17,103. 1'0the Rosenwald Col- traits of leaders in these fields of work, both lection the donor added 213 new pieces. of which are deposited in the Library. This collection of rare books now includes The Archive of Hispanic Culture re- 12 early manuscripts, 9 block books, 318 ceived a number of valuable additions, fifteenth century and 324 sisteenth century including especially a series of photographs books, and 58 titles relating to \,Villiam of the colonial art and architecture of Blake. Of especial interest even among Bolivia, including many of the early this notable group of books were copies churches with their gold and silver deco- (the only ones knolvn) of the first and rated altars. It has been previously diffi- second books printed in the Philippines. cult to secure good photographs, and these The facsimile publication of the first of were acquired through the Department of these (the Docfrina Christians, 7593) as State from the Direcci6n General de Bellas \\Tell as of Le '~tzeualitrDllibke' and of The Artes of Bolivia. During the year 9 copies Dance of Denlh are mentioned below, as is, of the teaching set, The Colonial Art of Latin too, the eshibition of the new accessions America, prepared several years ago with to the Rosenwald Collection which was the assistance of a grant from the Rocke- held during the year. feller Foundation, were sent on deposit for The collection of eighteenth century one year to the same number of institu- almanacs, consisting of 4,224 titles in 5,020 tions. Each set consists of a test (prepared copies, was .put into order. A check by Dr. Robert C. Smith), map, slides and against various lists indicates that the col- photographic enlargements. During the lection contains the recorded titles in vary- year, too, the Guide to the '4rt of Latin ing proportions: Maine, 15 percent; New America, compiled by Dr. Robert C. Smith Hampshire, 26 percent; Vermont, 39 per- and Miss Elizabeth l,\rilder as part of the cent; Massachusetts, 57 percent; Rhode Department of State's program for Coop- Island, 56 percent; New York, 25 percent; eration with the Other American Repub. and New Jersey, 33 percent. In addition lics, was put in final shape for printing and the collection has a number of titles not sent to the press. recorded in these lists. A similar check was made against 1lrag- ner and Camp's The Plains and the Rockies The Rare Books Di~lision,at the end of (San Francisco, 1937), showing degrees the last fiscal year, corrlpleted 20 years as of completeness as follows: books and a separate unit in the Library. During pamphlets, 66 percent; documents, 97 per- that time it had served 100,222 readers cent; newspapers, 22 percent; other serials, who had consulted in all 433,415 books. 100 percent; in all, 72 percent. At the beginning of the present year its The number of readers during the year collections consisted of 156,555 volurrles in increased to 7,168 from the 4,667 of the addition to the 3,646 volumes of the year previous. This is still somewhat Lessing J. Rosen~rald Collection which below the 7,246 reported in 1940, before are in Jenkintolvn, Pennsylvania, the the war, but the use of books was, on the Toner Collection of 27,000 volumes, and other hand, the largest to date: 28,513 the collection of title-pages filed for copy- volun~es,pamphlets, etc. right purposes which numbers some The proper arrangement of the valuable 200,000 pieces. collections of this Division requires more Accessions during the year included space than is at present available to it, and 54 REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947

plans have been prepared to effect an but the very increase of scientific work extension. Meanwhile, steps have been during and since the war has resulted in an taken to correct a long-standing maladjust- entirely new literature-the literature of ment in the housing of the collections. governmental scientific and technical re- The ventilating system in the bookstacks, ports-which requires special and continu- in spite of the air-conditioning which in- ing attention if it is to be known, secured, volves washing the air with a continuous and put to use. stream of water, permitted the passage and The Library has nevertheless been able, deposit of an oily soot upon the books. in spite of the inadequacies of its own Electrical filters have now been installed facilities, to undertake two operations which are espected t9 correct this condi- dealing with this specialized literature on tion. behalf of other agencies. This has been possible only because these agencies were able to transfer funds for the purpose; but Although the Library's collections in the the benefits of these projects look in both natural sciences and in technology run directions: the transferring agencies have well o\ler a million volumes and other been able to derive,use from the whole of pieces, the services in connection with the the Library's resources of materials and materials in this field have never been services in cataloging, classification and organized on a divisional basis. From handling; while the Library has through 1900 to 1944 certain services were given these projects been able to enrich its own by the Smithsonian Division, which had collections and apparatus for purposes of a custody of the scientific and other serials wider service. in the Smithsonian Deposit. When, in the The first of these projects, undertaken latter year, the collections and functions for the Ofice of Scientific Research and of this Division were redistributed, arrange- Development in fiscal year 1946, was for ments for service in scientific and tech- the collection, organization and distribu- nologic material \\?ere made through the tion of the scientific and technical reports Thomas Jefferson Room where a reference of this agency. This project continued collection was developed for the purpose, during the past year. Its staff has brought and through the appointment of a con- together some 450,571 copies of individual sultant in science. Service in the special reports; sorted and cataloged 239,478 field of aeronautics has, of course, been copies of 25,972 individual reports; and given since 1930 by the Aeronautics Divi- shipped out 110,672 copies. As long as sion, but this service has not been matched wartime restrictions continue upon the in any other subdivision of the field. use of the reports, they are, of course, The huge investments of attention, time, available for only limited distribution; but trained personnel and money which reflect as rapidly as the restrictions are lifted, the interest of many of the governmental copies are sent (as far as the available agencies in scientific and technological stock permits) to 53 depository libraries. investigations have consequently found Copies to the number of 69,300 in 229 the Library very inadequately equipped to boses have been distributed in this manner, provide the services which could reason- and the reports have also at the same time ably be espected. Not only is a specialized been brought to the attention of the Ofice staff--one that is familiar with the sources of Technical Services which publicizes and the reference tools-needed if ade- them in its Bibliography G' Scient$c and quate services are to be given even with Industrial Reports. Under the auspices of respect to the already extensive collections, the project a siniilar distribution has also THE REFERENCE SERVICES

been obtained for 15,701 copies of the Library's copy of the Gutenberg Bible, the reports of the Radiation Laboratory at the originals of the Declaration of Independ- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for ence and of the Constitution, documents 6 sets in 12 volumes each of reprints of relating to George Washington, Thomas articles covering work done under contract Jefferson's manuscript draft of the Declara- for the Committee on Medical Research, tion of Independence and other Jefferson and fo; 82 sets of reports of the Anti- memorabilia, one of the original copies of Malarial Drugs Survey. Besides the un- the Bill of Rights, and the manuscript treated material still on hand, additional drafts of the Gettysburg Address with other receipts are expected amounting to 268,620 Lincoln items. copies before the completion of this project. In addition to these permanent exhibits Meanwhile, within the past year, the there were arranged during the year 83 Office of Naval Research made inquiries other exhibits commemorative of historical whether the Library might conduct, on events or related to special topics. A its behalf, certain operations of a reference number of these eshibits provided an and bibliographical nature in connection occasion for an address or lecture on the with scientific and technical materials. subject. In addition, there were weekly As a result of these inquiries, a contractual eshibits of individual items of topical agreement was drawn up, and on March significance. Three additions were made 1,1947, the Technical Information Section to the group of continuing exhibits. One of the Office was transferred to the of these was the Lacock Abbey copy of Library. Further planning of the proce- Magna Carta, mentioned later on. An- dures and administrative organization other was the original manuscript of the which would be necessary to render the .4utobiography of Abraham Lincoln, writ- required services led to the establishment ten in 1859 at the request of his friend of the Science and Technology Project on Jesse W. Fell. The document, given to the June 3, 1947, as a unit of the Reference Library in the name of the children of Department. On the same date Mortimer Jesse W. Fell and his wife, Hester V. Fell, Taube, formerly Assistant Director of was placed on exhibit on February 12, the Acquisitions Department, was placed 1947, in a ceremonry in which the Rev. in charge, and on June 11, 1947, the Robert Dale Richardson, on behalf of OSRD Project was transferred to the new the trustees of the manuscript, made project. the pesentation of the document. Still During the three months of the new another addition to the continuing eshibits activity within fiscal year 1947, the staff was a banner, presented to Gen. Dwight D. assigned to it assembled 73,361 reports, Eisenhower by the officers who served processed 4,010 copies of 1,661 titles, pre- under him in the European Theater of pared for publication 13 issues of an acces- Operations, bearing the insignia of all the sions and abstract list, handled the lending units which were under his command. of material to naval installations, and en- Outstanding among the commemora- gaged in the compilation of bibliographies tive exhibitions were those which marked on scientific subjects. anniversaries of the States. There were three of these during the year. The Ten- Exhibits and Lectures nessee Sesquicentennial Exhibit was car- A total of 925,703 visitors entered the ried over from the previous fiscal year Library buildings during the past year. until October 21, 1946. The exhibit The permanent eshibits which were avail- commemorating Iowa's centenary of able for their inspection included the statehood opened on December 28, 1947, 56 REPORT OF THE LIBKrlRIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947

with an address by Senator Bourke B. 31, 1947, by Rllaj. Gen. C. R. Smith, the Hickenlooper, and the centenary of the chairman of the Board of Directors of settlement of Utah was celebrated by an American Airlines and formerly deputy eshibit which opened on June 7, 1947, chief of the Air Transport Command, with an address by Senator Arthur V. General Smith was introduced by Brig.Gen. Watkins. F. Trubee Davison, formerly Assistant 0ther historical exhibits commemo- Secretary of War for Air, and present rated the centenaries of the birth of president of the National Air Council Alesander Graham Bell, of the discovery (formerly the Air Power League), the co- 1 of anesthesia, and of the establishment of sponsor of a series of lectures on aviation in ,/ thamithsonian Institution. the Library, of which this \\-as the first. / The principal art eshibit of the year was In addition to the map exhibits in the

, the Fifth ATational Exhibition of Prints. House and Senate lobbies, there were 11 ' Among many other eshibits in this field, eshibits of maps including a display of a notable one was the exhibit of the typo- Army Air Forces cartographic and geographical work of Frederick \V. Goudy, graphic publications, co-sponsored with which occasioned hlfr. Goudy's last visit to the -4. A. F. Aerqnautical Chart Service. ~l~ashington.He died on May 11, 1947. Other exhibits concerned Latin America, Exhibits of rare books and manuscripts the languages of Eastern Europe. the included the recent additions to the Rosen- Fifty Books of the Year 1946, etc. "Free wald Collection, first editions of works of Books in Time of Bondage", an exhibit of Charles Dickens from the gift of hlr. Dutch underground publications during Leonard Kebler, and manuscripts of the war was opened on August 20, 1946, music by h4endelssohn and Brahms from by an address by Mr. Leo Schlichting, the collections of the Gertrude Clarke Director of the Netherlands Information Whi ttall Foundation. Bureau; and Mr. Ernest Philip Goldschmidt Religious Book FTeek was celebrated by spoke on "The Spread of Roman Type an appropriate exhibit, as was also the in the First Centzry of Printing" on Feb. independence of the Philippines. An ex- ruary 5, 1947, in connection with an illus- hibit of recently received Siamese books tratiire exhibit on this subject. was the subject of a short wave broadcast Most of the Library's exhibits are of to Siam by the Information Officer of the interest to other institutions, but the Siamese Embassy. lending of exhibits involves special arrange- On October 16, 1946, Col. George \*V. ment s to facilitate shipment, showing and Goddard, Chief of the Photographic return. Nevertheless, 11 exhibits involv- Engineering Command of the Army Air ing 600 pieces were lent during the last Forces, addressed an overflow audience on year, and were shown in 35 places. The "Aerial Photography." The speaker was principal of these were the photographic introduced by Gen. Carl Spaatz, Com- sections of the Texas, Tennessee and manding General, A. A. F., and the lecture Iowa state exhibits which \\-ere shown in marked the opening of an exhibit on the 19 places. "History of the Army Air Forces in Pic- It is pleasant to be able to conclude tures", co-sponsored by the A. A. F. this account of the public services and Another exhibit of aviation interest, commemorations in the Library during illustrating the impact of air power on the past year by recording the occasion modern life, was arranged in connection of the fourth address given here by Dr. with an address on "Air Transportation Thomas Mann in his capacity as Fellow and National Defense" given on .January in Germanic Literature. This address, THE KEFEKENCE SEKVICES

which required no acco~npanyingeshi bit, the owner of the document, and of Miss was presented in the Coolidge Auditorium Matilda Talbot, the heiress of Lacock on ApriI 29, 1947, on "Nietzsche's Philos- Abbey, where it is believed that the ophy in the Light of Contemporary document rested for more than 700 years, Events." belonging to the Talbot family for more than half that time, legislation was introduced into Parliament which would permit the loan of the manuscript to the On January 11, 1946, as was reported Library of Congress for a term of two last year, the Library, in a simple cere- years. The bill was made law (as the mony, restored to theBritish Rllinister the British Museum Act, 1946, 9 Rr 10 Geo. Lincoln Cathedral copy of Magna Carta 171, C. 56), and its passage through the which the British Government had left two houses of Parliament gave occasion for in safekeeping here during the war. At some interesting debate. that time it \\-as suggested to the British Accordingly, on \dTednesday, November authorities that the Library would be very 27, 1946, the document was brought to gratified to eshibit another copy-should this country, aboard the Queen Elizabeth, one become available-of this famous doc- in the charge of Mr. F. C. Francis, the ument \\-hich played an essential role in the Secretary of the British Museum. He was history of the liberties of the American, met at the pier in hTew York by Mr. equally ~viththe British, people. By good Kremer, the Library's Keeper of Collec- fortune, another copy of the document had tions, and was escorted to Washington by just-in 1944-been given to the British representatives of the United States Secret h.luseun1. This was the Lacock Abbey Service. On Bill of Rights Day, Sunday, copy of the Great Charter: not the Charter December 15, 1946, the document was of King John, but that of his son and suc- formally placed on exhibit in the Library cessor, Henry 111, reaffirmed ten years in a ceremony in which Miss Talbot, the later, in 1225, which comprises the test British Ambassador (Lord Inverchapel), that still remains on the statute books. Mr. Francis and I participated, and in The Lacock Abbey copy is beIieved to be which former Dean Roscoe Pound of the the only extant perfect copy of this docu- Harvard Law School made an address on ment, retaining even the original seal in "Magna Carta and Constitutional Guar- green was. antees of Liberty." The document has a most interesting history, and one which in one point at least is of peculiar interest for Americans. The publication program of the Library It was this copy of Magna Carta which is necessarily limited to few ventures be- was studied and transcribed by the great yond certain continuing periodical pub- English jurist, Sir William Blackstone, lications. One of the most extensive of into his Commentaries on ~he.Lazusof England these, The Catalog of Cop_t~ightEntries, is (1765), a work which was to be found on required by the provisions of the Copyright the desk of almost every American lawyer Act; another, the ~WonthlyClleck List oj and statesman during the second half of State Pl~blicationsis the only centralized the eighteenth century. It is probably source of inf~rmationregarding. the issu- this copy of h4agna Carta, therefore, more ances of the states and territories; still a than any other, which affected the thought third, the Cllmlrlati~eCatalog of Library of of the American constitution-makers. Congress Printed Cards, started this year, like With the consent of the British Museum, other technical publications prepared by 58 KEPOR.T OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, 1347

the Processing Department is issued on a book published in the Philippine Islands, self-supporting basis. the Doctrina Christiani. The only known During the past year 57 new pro-jects for original of this long-lost work, which bears publication were considered by the Bibliog- the i~nprintManila, 1593, and from which raphy and Publications Committee. Of the facsimile was made, was discovered by these, 41 were approved; 7 were printed Mr. Rosenwald under most interesting cir- by the end of the year while 4 others were cumstances and given by him to the in press and 1 was to be printed by another Library in March 1947. government agency; 11 were ccprocessed" It is gratifying to he able to report that in ~nultilithor mimeograph, and 7 others a previous facsimile in this same series, were in production; 8 were still in prep- Tile Dance of Death, Printed at Paris in 7490, aration for publication and 3 were aban- which was reproduced by the Government doned because of shortage of staff or funds. Printing Office from the original in the The list of the pul~licationswhich actu- Rosen~raldCollection, was selected as one ally appeared during the year, both' in of the Fifty Books of the Year in the 1947 letter-press and in near-print, is placed in Exhibition of the American Institute of the Appendis. Most of these publications Graphic Arts. * are considered in this Report in connection with the activities out of which they arise. However, particular attention may be drawn to the series of catalogs prepared in The object of this Project has been to connection with the exhibitions which prepare a definitive statement of what celebrated the centennials or sesquicen- actually was in President Jefferson's private tennials of statehood of Florida, Tennessee collection (with which he at one time in- and Texas; to the guides to the law and tended to endow the University of Virginia legal literature of Bolivia, the Mesican but which became instead, through its States, Paraguay and Venezuela, and to purchase by Congress, the foundation- the official publications of Chile and Para- collectio~~of the Library of Congress); guay; to the albums of American folk where, how and why he got the books- rnusic and to part 10 (Reference Books) of in many cases disclosing facts which throw the series Russia: A Check List Pieliminary light upon otherwise neglected aspects of to a Basic Bibliograp/zy. biography, politics, diplomacy and con- \,ITorthnotice is the fact that the Super- stitutional history; and where they are intendent of Documents, having exhausted now. The Project has been in operation the first edition, reprinted volume I1 of since the Jefferson Bicentennial in 1943. the Eminent Cllinese of the Ch'ing Period During the past year the work on Jeffer- which was first published in 1944. son's law collection (which contained But of especial interest and significance among other things the contemporary were the volu~nes, one printed by the copies of the laws of the Colony of Virginia Government Printino, Office and the other and the records of the Virginia Company (at private espense) by a commercial from which Hening compiled his Statutes at establishment, reproducing in facsimile two Large), was completed ; much pro,gress notable works in the Lessing J. Rosenwald was made on the collection on politics, and Collection. The first of these is Le Che- the reading of Jefferson's correspondence valier Dilibhl, originally printed in Paris for the purpose of collecting data on pro- in 1488, a masterpiece of fifteenth century venience was nearly completed. As a illustrated book-making of which only one result of these researches a considerable other copy exists. The other is the first number of Jeffersonian books, whose THE REFERENCE SER\'ICES identity had been lost in some cases for of the original criteria of selection. more than a century, were reestablished Among these prol~lemsare those concerned with their compeers in the Jefferson Col- with the inclusion of juveniles, the report- lection. ing of annual compendia on advances in the sciences, and the general question of I~roadeningthe base of selection so as to include a larger proportion of the annual product of the press. Some of these The pul~lication of the United States problems continue for consideration, hut Quarterly Book List by the Library of the Committee recommended a somewhat Congress was continued during fiscal revised definition of the books to be year 1747 as part of the Department represented in the Book List, as follows- of State's program for Cooperation with The United States Quarterly Book List is a the Other American Republics. Evidence highly selective bibliography of currently pub- of the usefulness of the journal increases as lished books which are believed to make a it 1)ecomes more wide1y known. contribution to the sum of knowledge and Developments of the year consisted in experience. strengthening the reviewing staff and in -and it endorsed, as a gloss on this continued study of the policy of selection definition, a statement to the effect that of the titles which are reviewed. The "The purpose of the Book List can best be reviewing staff-all voluntary, and each accomplished . . . by a liberal inter- an espert in his field-~vas increased pretation of the term 'contribution' in from an initial 200 to approximately 700. making selections for inclusion and by This expansion makes it more easily possible critical statements in the reviews indicating than previously to secure prompt and the limitations of particular books." competent critical opinion on any partic- During the year the Book List presented ular book, no matter what its subject. reviews of 771 books. These were selected The Advisory Committee, broadly repre- from a total of 1,202 eligible books sub- sentative of the various interests which mitted for consideration, and the number meet in the Book List, has continued to may be compared with that of the approsi- consider the various problems of inclusion mately 6,000 new publications which \vhich have been raised by the appIication were issued during the same period. The Acquisition of Materials

T an earlier point in this Report I Library's collections were estimated to - have called attention to the pressing contain a total of 29,207,303 pieces in the Ademand, espressed I>yworkers in the following categories: 8,187,064 volumes sciences and the arts generally,. for more and pamphlets in addition to 121,251 adequate means than no\\: exist for guiding l~ound\rolu~nes of newspapers; 8,620,162 them to the currently published results of manuscript pieces; 1,869,970 maps and completed investigations. The dissatisfac- views; 66,181 reels and strips of microfilm; tion, arising from waste of time and effort, 61,100 reels of motion pictures; 1,743,394 which results frorn deficiencies in esisting volumes and pieces of music; 274,092 sources of information is not a new phe- sound recording; ,I,063,879 photographic nomenon and long antedates the last war. negatives, prints and slides; 578,527 fine But the present urgency of the problem is prints; 560,188 broadsides, posters, photo- in large measure attributable to the ex- stats and other n~iscellaneous types of pansion and speeding-up of research pro- material; 5,209,253 unbound serial parts grams in efforts to continue work initiated in addition to 852,242 unbound newspaper during the war, to regain ground lost be- issues. cause of the war, or to apply to peaceful These statistics shojzr the end result of the uses the experience won during the war. acquisitions process-but in quantitative The speeding-up process, meanwhile, re- terms only. These figures by themselves, sults in a proliferation of publications; and espressed in hundreds of thousands or in it is this proliferation, of course, which lies millions, can of course convey no informa- at the root of the problem. tion regarding the content or research A few statistics attest the manner in value of the materials to which they refer. which this multiplication of publications The end of the acquisitions process marks has affected the Library during the past the beginning of other processes in which year. From July 1, 1946 to June 30, the rmillions of pieces are arranged, de- 1947, it received a total of 6,644,713 scribed and indesed for use, and in which pieces of material, exclusive of several each piece is related both to its predeces- million pieces for which it merely acted as sors and to sul~sequent arrivals in the a forwarding agent under various coope.ra- collections. So also in the acquisitions tive arrangements. NOT all receipts, of process itself, the merely quantitative course, are retained for the permanent statistical statement must not be allowed collections. Some duplicate materials are to obscure the fact that each of the separate disposed of in exchange, by transfer to rnillions of pieces has been secured in ac- other agencies, or in other ways, including cordance with preconceived plans and pulping when no other use can be found; sometimes elaborate arrangements of ex- and the count of serial receipts is reduced change, deposit, purchase, or other meth- when they are collected into bound ods of procurement; that many hundreds volumes or microfilmed for preservation. of thousands of items have been indivi- Nevertheless at the end of the year the dually considered, ordered' or requested; 60 THE ACQUISITION OF MrITERIALS

examined to ascertain whether they dupli- tions operations in \vfiich the Library, by cate what already exists in the collections; estending its facilities for the benefit of or deliberately selected, upon the hasis of other lil~raries,had I~ecomeone of a num- established criteria, from amongst a muc11 ber, rather than the sole participant. larger amount of rejected material. These operations have extended through The purpose of this Chapter is to sum- the past year, and, hecause the unusual marize the methods and the results of the circumstances which called them into being various acquisitions activities during the have now been for the most part changed, past year. In such a report the materials it is espected that nearly all of them will themselves-though their acquisition is be concluded within the present year. It the exclusive ol~jectiveof the work-can is safe to say, that although the administra- l~econsidered only in terms of figures, and tive attention which some of these projects not in any qualitative or individual terms. have required has been extensive, the A remedy for this situation is provided by Library has heen very greatly the gainer the Li hrary's Quarlerb Jorrrnal of Ctrrrenl through its participation in them. It is Acqltisilions, the four issues of which con- perhaps true also that the fullest value of stitute each year a si~pplernent to the these projects has not yet been realized- Annual Report. The Jozu-nal, hesides their value as pointing the way to future providing space more nearly adequate to cooperative enterprises of which the Li- the treatment which the character of the brary, together with other libraries and acquisitions deserves, is devised also to the public which depends on libraries, publish news of these acquisitions at an will be the beneficiaries. earlier date than would an annual volume. During the past year it included reports Library of Congress hl ission in Europe on acquisitions in the fields of law, maps, The past fiscal year saw the substantial. microfilm, the history of science, aero- conclusion of the work of the Library of nautics, biological and medical sciences, Congress Mission in Europe, and the last fine arts, motion pictures, Orientalia, day of the year was the oficial date of its philosophy and religion, Slavica, Ameri- termination. With the gradual opening cana, manuscripts and rare l~ooks. Space of the European book markets, the Mission permitted the inclusion also of a number of had, by the autumn of 1946, narrowed its articles descriptive of special collections or activities to Germany, and even there most categories of material, such as the Crimean of its work was done. It had supervised \,\Tar photographs of Roger Fenton, un- the esecution of purchase orders it1 all four derground wartime publications in the zones of occupied Germany, intended to Netherlands, and the additions to the secure in multiple copies the war-year Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection. The imprints presenting prospects of usefulness editing of the Qztarter(~~Jo~trnal is an addi- for research (the number of copies origin- tional duty placed upon the Library's ally secured was three; but the number Selection Officer, a fact which relates its was later regulated by the number of contents'very closely to the operations by priorities held for various categories of which the materials which it describes are materials by the libraries participating in selected for acquisition. the, project); it had successfully negotiated Cooperatiue Enterprises in Acqzlisitzon one shipment of material held on prewar orders from American libraries by the Last year I reported with considerable book dealers in Leipzig in the Russian satisfaction concerning certain acquisi- Zone; it had worked with the Documents 62 REPOR'T OF THE LIBR-4RIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947

Centers and the Documents Control Cen- Daniel Lerner (Hoover Library on ter in the American Zone in screening and War, Revolution, and Peace)- October 14, 1946-May 14, 1947. forwarding a considerable mass of confiscated material; and it had made arrange- D'uring the slightly more than two years' ments looking to assisting the American life of the Mission (dating its commence- Military Government in the execution of ment from the original instructions given the orders relating to the further collection to Mr. Sanchez for the purchase of and processing of Nazi literature under the multiple copies of French and Italian Allied Control Council's Order No. 4 of war-year imprints in the summer of 1945), May 13, 1946. The staff of the Mission its acco~nplishrllents were prodigious. It was reduced by November 1946, to four made purchases as follows: persons, in addition to a numbcr of Ger- Copies Cost man civilians. Austria. .... 6, 984 $10,499.68 In October 1946, Allortimer Taube, Belgium .... 8, 344 20,399.37 France . . . . . 51,647 19,716.26 the Assistant Director for Operations tif Germany . . . 61 5,027 78,747.22 the Acquisitions Department, was sent Italy...... 16,021 24,887.46 to Germany for a three-month tour of Netherlands. ¶8,284 14,056.07 duty to make arrangements for the Switzerland . 2,462 6, 952. 83 termination of the Mission. It was ex- -4s the result of the screening of confiscated pected that this might be accomplished German military and Nazi Party collec- by the end of April 1947, if by that time tions it secured the shipment of 7,578 arrangements could be made by which cases of materials estimated to contain current German books could be purchased 1,250,000 pieces. It arranged four sepa- by American libraries. Arrangements for rate shipments from the Russian Zone of ' this purpose were actually announced in books which had been stored on prewar mid-April 1947, and the Mission at that orders for American libraries. The total time placed stop-orders upon its procure- value of these shipments was $170,429.42 ment activities, but the continued deliveries and the estimated number of books in- of purchased and confiscated materials volved was 86,000 volumes and pieces. and continued movements of stored .mate- On the basis of preliminary and necessariiy rials from Leipzig held open the Library's tentative checking, it is estimated that the office in Berlin (whither its headquarters coverage of war-years publications achieved had been moved from Frankfurt in by the Mission is very high indeed, and December 1946) until after the beginning may well approximate substantial com- of the present fiscal year. It closed at pleteness. It made arrangements for ship- last on September 11, 1947, but terminal ments of stored or restituted materials, leave carried some members of the Mission including an important shipment from the beyond this date. A supplementary roster Offenbach Archival Depot on behalf of the of'the members of the h/Iission, completing Yiddish Scientific Institute. It made as the list given last year, with the dates at nearly as possible complete collections of their service, is as follows: the official publications of the United Don Carlos Travis-November 23, States Zone, and arranged for the for- 1945-September 11, 1947. warding of these publications for use by Janet Emerson-January 1, 1946- United States libraries. It compiled and September 15, 1947. issued a list of some 600 serial publica- Seymour J. Pomrenze-June 6, 1947- September 20, 1947. tions of the United States Zone and Mortimer Taube-October 7, 1946- cooperated with the appropriate agencies January 12, 1947. of the American Military Government in THE ACQUISITION OF MATERIALS

a number of matters affecting information Routines required, in brief, that the control and the restitution of cultural materials be unpacked, "searched" to objects. ascertain whether copies had been pre- The Mission was, of course, for all the viously handled, cataloged in preliminary operations which it conducted both in form (arrangements were made where by Austria and Germany, conlpletely de- most of the recipient libraries agreed to pendent upon and subject to the orders of provide copy for printing the final catalog the United States military authorities. I cards), classified into the various categories am most ansious to record in this place in which the participating libraries held not only on behalf of the Library of priorities, and finally assigned and shipped Congress but on behalf of all the libraries to these libraries after making an individual who have in any way benefited by the record of each assignment to prevent a activities of the Mission (and this group duplicate shipment, and with the necessary includes a number which have not par- adjustment in the individual library's ticipated in the Cooperative Acquisitions account. Project itself) a very deep sense of gratitude To facilitate the "searching", classifica- for the estraordinary cooperation on the tion and recording, special catalogs of part of the \!Tar Department, the United recent European publications were created. States occupation forces and the oKces of Two of these lists (for Italy and Germany) military government in 4.4s;i-ia and Ger- were published in the previous fiscal year. many, and on the part of the individual A third list (France, listing 13,000 titles) officers with whom the various arrange- was issued last year, being published for the ments were carried out, without which the Library without cost by J. PV. Edwards, Mission's efforts could have been neither publisher, who provided the Library with possible nor so productive. At every point 500 copies for its own distribution. in the brief but crowded history of the The number of libraries participating in Mission there was occasion for comment the Project, originally 113, was 82 at the upon the intelligent and perceptive solu- end of the fiscal year. Each library has tion of the problems which lay at the basis made funds available to pay its share of of its work. the costs, and the Library participates on similar terms. As distribution takes place The Cooperative Acquisitions Project the recipient is billed at a flat rate of one The steps which led to the establishment dollar per unit (a unit may comprise a of the Cooperative Acquisitions Project single volume, or for esample, thirty were described in my last Annual Report. issues of a newspaper); but it is espected The Mission to Europe constituted the that, when the principal initial espenses procuring arm of the Project; its domestic have been amortized in this manner, a operations are concerned with the sorting, reduction in the per-unit cost can be made. recording and distribution of the material. The total of materials handled by the By the beginning of thc last fiscal year Project from its inception until the end of the distribution . group had commenced the last fiscal year was 960,173 pieces. operations and had established routines. Discards (ca. 175,000 pieces) and combina- The shipments which were beginning to tion of numbers of pieces into ccunits" arrive from Europe were the primary cause a reduction of this figure for deter- objects of its activities; but it also dealt mining amounts available for distribution. with a considerable nurnber, of duplicate PI.Laterials actually distributed to the li- war-year imprints which the Library had braries during the same period amounted acquired from other sources. to 368,855 units, consisting of 261,542 64 KEPOK-1- OF THE LIBRARI:\N OF CONGRESS, 19-17

books and 107,313 periodical units. Of FVith a minimum of staff (3 persons) the these the Library of Congress received Project was able to distribute 283,000 88,716 book and 16,902 periodical units. pieces of ~naterialduriny the past year, The cost of distribution, including all and to secure placement on mailing lists technical operations from the moment of for still other ~naterialsnot represented in receipt in the Library until actual ship- this figure. ment, has worked out over the year to an The importance of the Project for social average of 17 cents per unit. The rate of and scientific studies is witnessed by the distribution, which commenced in May fact that, in addition to contributions from 1946, at 12,778 units per month, rose to the participating libraries, grants for its 47,888 units in June 1947, when the staff support were received from the National consisted of 24 persons. Research Council and the Social Science The Project still has on hand a large Research Council. Although the Library quantity of material, but a rapidly dimin- provides space and facilities as its contri- ishing proportion of this consists of war- I~ution,actual direction of the Project is year imprints, or of materials published in a joint committee of the A~nerican shortly prior to the war. It is possible, in Library Associatjon and the Association consequence, that its work may be con- of Research Libraries, of which Mr. cluded during the present fiscal year. Homer Halvorson, the Librarian of the ,Johns Hopkins University, is chairman. The Documents Expediting Project In this Project, the origins of which were Surplus Books.\or I41trans described last year, the 1,ibrary has joined The purpose of this activity, ivhich ib with forty-four other libraries in an attempt conducted with funds transferred from the to secure copies of those governmental Veterans' Administration, is the utilization publications which are not avai1al)le of the vast stocks of testl~ooksof university through usual channels. Included in this and intermediate grade which were left category are publications such. as the Civil in the possession of'the War Assets .4dri1in- Affairs Handbooks and the maps of the istration at the end of the war, for the Office of Strategic Services, which were benefit of veterans enrolling in educational published during the war for only very institutions. The Project was a neccssary limited distribution; field printing such as one, not only to save the Government the the publications of the ofices of military cost of purchasing additional copies of the government in occupied countries, includ- same books, but because 01 the scarcity of ing the official gazet tes of Korea and Vene- textbooks which made the111 actually zia Giulia; and processed publications of unprocurable. The Library accepted rc- many Federal agencies in Washington such sponsibility for the execution of the Project as the International Agricrtltural Collaboration only after the repeated insistence of the series, containing reports of agricultural 17eterans' Administration and the War missions, produced by the Ofice of Foreign Assets Administration that no other agency Agricultural Relations. It has been found w7as able to undertake the job. that the issuing agencies are for the most The work required space and the under- part desirous of securing distribution for ground garage in the Annex was assigned their publications for which they do not to it. There the freight-car loads of test- have the resources and gladly accept the books were delivered, sorted, cataloged, suggestion for centralized distribution to and shipped ,on order to approved educa- interested institutions such as this Project tional institutions for the use of their provides. veteran students. A subsidiary operation THE ACQUISITION OF MATERIALS

was established in Novernber 1946, in foreign representation, and the Lil~rary St. Louis, Missouri, to dispose of stocks of gladly made use of the sen-ices of meml~ers surplus books in Army warehouses in that of its staff paying personal visits al~road. city. From May 1946, to the end of the Among these was Mr. Sven Lundgren of past fiscal year the Project issued nine the Government Publications Reading catalogs, shipped 2,218,289 books in Room (Sweden), Miss Mary Nyrud, of the 24,764 boxes covered by 4,431 bills of Descriptive Cataloging Division (Norway) lading and weighing 3,809,482 pounds to and Dr. Lewis Hanke of the Hispanic 1,914 institutions. It is estimated that the Foundation (Spain and Portugal). These purchase value of these hooks, at the low visits proved valual~lefor the estal~lish- average of $2.50 per volu~ne,could not ~ncntof exchange relations and the pro- be less than $5,545,722. The cost of dis- curcmcnt of I~il~liographicinformation. tribution, including transportation both A more extensive tour, undertaken en- ways, was 14.3 cents per volume, or Jess tirely in the Lil~rary'sinterest, was ~nade than 6 percent of this value. by Dr. Polernan who spent twenty-one weeks in Inclia from January 12 to June 9, 1947, resultinq in the establishment of Because of the conditions of modern relationships ivith a large number of publishing, and in the face of contemporary universities and other institutions, and the requirements for foreign publications, it is purchase of 2,697 I~ooksand 1,196 sound not possible adequately to conduct foreign publication procurement without some recordings. degree of foreign represcn ta tion. Pur- Surveys of the Co/lections chasing from catalogs is not adequate, nor is reliance upon foreign dealers, nor even In the autumn of 1946, Mr. Olof \-on arrangements with interestecl foreign in- Feilitzen, then of the Royal Lil~raryat stitutions. Stockholm and now at the University \4"hen the Department of State was plan- Library at Uppsala made a surITeyof the ning its pul~licationprocurement program Library's Swedish collections, sul~mitting several years ago, it was agreed that, shoulcl as a result t\vo documents, a general report, this program be authorized and prove and a checklist ofStvedish\vorks indicating successful, the Library \vould not itself those already represented and those lack- seek permanent or other than occasional ing in our collections. Mr. von Feilitzen's representation abroad. The Library's findings as to our holdings ran from "very Mission to Europe has been understood to strong in documents, dissertations, pu bli- have fallen into the latter class. The cations of academies, law, statistics, music, Department has, this past year, had science and bibliography" through "partly special oflicers for the procurement of pub- quite respectable" in history and iitera- lications in seven areas, and the service of ture, to "inadequate or \very poor" in these officers have been available to the general periodicals, church history, topog- Library. In addition, other special repre- raphy, economics, sociology, political sentatives of the Department of State and science and fine arts. This report and of other agencies have been of great assist- checklist are admirable exalnples of what ance in the procurement of maps and in a survey should be. effecting asreements for exchange with Dr. Otto Nathan of the faculty of New particular institutions. York University, while in \\'ashington as A large part of the ~vorldis still, however, visiting lecturer at Howard University not covered by any approsimation of direct during the past academic year, made 76631548-5 66 REPORT OF THE LIBR.4RI.4N OF CONGRESS, 1947

extensive recommendations of desiderata with few exceptions besides those requiring in the field of German publications on correspondence; but even so there were economics between the world wars, 1,067 invoices pending at the end of the by checking the volumes of Hinrich's year. Accessioning has been accelerated, Halbjai~rver~eicisand of the Bibliograpi~ie for most materials, to within a week fro111 der Staats- und T~l~irtsschaftswissensci~aften. receipt. Another improvement has been Certain more restricted checks of the in the reduction of delays in holding of collections were made: in the field of materials on approval, and this source of western Americana by Mr. Vincent Eaton dissatisfaction to the dealers who give the of the Rare Books Division staff; with Library opportunities for purchase has respect to Dutch governmental publica- now been removed. tions 1929-41 by Dr. B. H. Idlabeke, Considerable progress has been effected Chief Bibliographer in the Netherlands in the purchasing of current books in the Studies Unit; and of publications con- foreign book trade. The "blanket" order, cerning Puerto Rico by Dr. Arturo used during the war, under lvh~ch haorales of the University of Puerto Rico, a foreign dealer made selections for the in his capacity as Consultant in Puerto Library, has givgn way to the "open" Rican Bibliography. order. current trade bibliographies ire now received by air mail from the follo~~- The Acquisitions M'orh- ing countries: In the procedures connected with the Argentina. Mexico. purchase of books 31,873 requisitions Australia. Netherlands. were acted upon (compared with 28,052 Belgium. Norway. Chile. Portugal. the previous year), 6,129 invoices were Cuba. . Spain. cleared (5,493 previously), and 885,967 Denmark. Sweden. pieces were accessioned (1 88,476 pre- England. Switzerland. viously). The great increase in the last France. Union of South Africa. item was due to purchases under the Greece. Cooperative Acquisitions Project. These These are checked upon receipt, and considerable increases were taken care orders are placed by return air mail. As a of with only one permanent addition in result, the Library knows in advance what staff, largely as a result of improvements it is purchasing (an important considera- in methods. However, the searching work tion for the operations of the Card Division had to give way before operations with and many other units), the items are higher priorities and declined from 82,842 secured promptly before the exhaustion of items in the previous year to 51,994. editions, and the Library retains control of An improvement in method from which its selections. English materials ordered full advantages are yet to be gained is the under this system are being cleared for use of punched cards for recording the processing within a month from publica- individual items ordered. This system tion, and it is hoped to extend the system already permits an automatic weekly re- as widely as possible. port on allotments to recommending It needs, perhaps, to be repeated at fre- officers, and an analysis of purchases by quent intervals that the most substantial language, date of publication, and approxi- increases of the Library's collections derive mately ten other indicia. Other improve- not from purchases or even copyright ments in method, combined with emer- deposits, but from gifts, official deposits - gency detailing of staff, have held pay- and donations, and exchanges and trans- ments of invoices to the thirty-day period fers which are effected under statutory THE ACQUISITION OF MATERI.4LS

obligation. During the past year the Es- groups of outgoing materials maybe men- li change and Gift Division, which is re- tioned a large body of plays and radio sponsi ble for acquisitions in these ca te- scripts, origi~lallyreceived from the Federal gories, handled over three million pieces Theater Project, which was transferred to of incoming material of all kinds. In- the veterans' -4dministration for use in its cluded in this total were 162,654 gifts from hospitals. The special project for the individuals or unofficial sources, including eschange of materials with Latin American many valuable collectiohs, such as the institutions, conducted as a part of the manuscript of President Lincoln's auto- Department of State's program for Co- biography, the bequest of Gabriel Wells, operation with the Other American Re- Miss Mary Pickford's collection of her publics, resulted in the sending out of motion picture films, President Wilson's 136,930 catalog cards and 75,739 titles personal library, R4r. Leonard Kebler's and the receipt of 3,008 books and 34,916 gifts of early editions of Charles Dickens, pieces of other material. and additions to the Lessing J. Rosenwald The serials work continued to increase, Collection, the \47illiam Allen White and 1,209,507 individual issues were proc- papers, and many others. More appro- essed, while, in addition, over two million priate recognition of these gifts is through newspaper issues were received. In the the reports published in the Quarterly "searching" operations a 50 percent in- ,Tournal of Current Acqtiisitions. crease was made in esamining materials There were received from foreign gov- received so as to weed out duplicates, ernments under the various exchange ar- resulting in the. acceptance of 107,845 rangements, including the statutory inter- items and the rejection of 76,614; but national eschange, 679,832 pieces. The there was a corresponding decrease in the Department of State concluded during the esamination of recommendations for ac- year an executive agreement (No. 1579 of quisition. The Month& Check List of State the Treaties Series) for the eschange of pub- Publications has made further improve- lications with the French Republic, formal- ments in editorial and publishing proce- izing an informal arrangement of long dures, resulting in more rapid issue, getting standins. All sets of United States docu- on to a current basis in indexing, and ments held for international exchange reducing the number of items which re- during the war have now, with few escep- quire monthly rather than annual an- ~ tions, been shipped. During the year the nouncement. During the year the Legis- Library disposed of 528,645 duplicates, lature of Minnesota enacted a law (55th some by transfer to other government Session, S. R. 248) providing for the de- libraries, approsimately 200,000 to the posit of the State publications in the ~ American Book Center to aid in the Library of Congress, the librarians of the rehabilitation of devastated libraries, and Minnesota Historical Society and of the others in eschange with individual Amer- State Law Library having been instru- ican and other libraries. The exchange mental in securing this legislation. arrangements for the mutual purchase and forwarding of current books with the na- Microfilming tional libraries in Brazil, Denmark, Fin- The Library is now securing on a current land, France, the Netherlands, Spain and basis the microfilm issues of 26 newspapers. the Soviet Union have continued profit- In addition, it is continuing to reduce to ably but are too burdensome for continu- microfilm certain of the back files of news- ance, and trade channels will for the most papers in the collections. The files so part be used instead. Among important treated during the past year include, be- 68 REPORT OF THE LIBR.k\RI.-\IS OF CONGRESS, 1947 sides the issues of United States foreign- from 1829 to 1900 in the collections of 70 language newspapers, the follo\ving: institutions and individuals throughout the Alexandria (Ira.) Gazette, February 5, country. When assembled in microfilm 1784-December 1945. form, copies can be made inespensively Cohmbtls (0.)State Journal, July available to insritutions and others desiring 181 1-October 1939. them. The Cherokee rldvocate (Indian Terri- tory), July 27, 1881-July 3, 1897. The Farmington Plan Japan Il'eekly illail, 1886-1916. With the partial reopening of the foreign An important ~nicrofiltningproject which book markets since the close of the war was carried far to a conclusion during the the opportunity has been renewed for . year is for the copying of State Icgislative consideration of the proposal known as documents. In 1941 thc Library partici- the Farmington Plan for the cooperative pated in a project directed by Dr. W. S. acquisition of foreign publications on the Jenkins of the University of North Carolina part of Atnerican research libraries. The for filling in the lacurzae in our collections primary objective of the Plan is to assure of these documents, and at that time a that there will bo in the United States at nurnber of statcs were covered. In March least ofic copy of every foreign publication 1946, Dr. Jenkins proposed a two-year of importance for research. A secondary program for filling in the gaps of legislative objective is to reduce the burdens upon journals of 26 states, and for completing the library budgets by dividing the work of' legislative documents of 22 states and the forcign acquisition. Previous accounts of session laws of all states. Undcr this the origin and development of the Plan program the summer months itrould be have appcared in thcse Reports. spent in microfilming, and the winters in The proposal has, during thc past year, editing. The field work for the first part been brought before American libraries in of the project was complcted during the terms of concretc operation by the com- fiscal year just past. Dr. Jcnkins, with a mittee (hcaded by Mr. Keycs D. R/Ietcalf, photographer, traveled 16,000 miles covcr- director of libraries of Harvard Univer- ing the states north of the Ohio and west sity) which had been continuing study of of the Mississippi. The immediate re- the Plan throughout the war. A two-day sults were in the form of 13,000 feet of conference, attended by representatives of microfilm, representing approximately 40 libraries, was held in the Library last 216,000 pages of books and manuscripts, March 14 and 15 which adopted a classi- which Dr. Jenkins has since been editing. fication for the division of fields of responsi- Another venture in which the Library bility in acquisition, and discussed alter- has engaged in cooperation with the Amer- naltive methods of purchasing and distri- ican Council of Learned Societies, is for bution. It was agreed that the. Plan assembling in the form of microfilm copies should go into operation beginning ia 1948 the vestiges of Negro journalism from the with respect to the publications of Francc, earliest times to 1900. This project, which Sweden and Switzerland, as a preliminary is directed by Dr. Armistead S. Pride, test. The Library, for its part, has agreed Dean of the School of Journalism at to take responsibility for certain fields not Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Mis- covered by other libraries. Further de- souri, has succeeded in locating files or velopments in the operation of the Plan partial files of 250 Negro newspapers are consequently confidently espected. Chapter IV Organization of the Collections

F they are to be made serviceable for card itself and of its distribution, plus ten use the con tents of a library, after they perccn t, the results of the in tellectual proc- have been received, must be organized esses involved. Conversely, by securing for use. The simplest manner in which the results of these operations from other this may be done is merely to arrange the institutions, the Library benefits in a separate pieces in an order in which they similar manner. can readily be found if requested specifi- No library can expect to supply from cally by na'me. A temporary treatment of its own collections every book for which this kind is given, for esample, to-current it receives a request. But if the library periodical and newspaper issues. But for community is doing its job, it should be efficient and long-term use a more elab- able to tell the inquirer where he can orate treatment must be given to most espect to find or even perhaps to borrow materials. To stand on shelves, books the book which it does not itself have. must be bound; to be brought together The alternative is endless and needless with other books on the same or related waste of time and correspondence. To subjects they must be classified; and to be provide this information a union catalog identified by inquirers who may be seeking is required-an index in which are inter- the information in them they must be cata- filed the catalogs of many libraries and loged under the various aspects (author, which reduces many hundreds of searches title, issuing agency, illustrator, subjects of to one. There are a number of such content, etc.) by which the inquirer will catalogs in the United States, each ask for them. The processes of organiza- designed to record the book resources of a tion are, consequently, of two kinds: the particular area. The hTational Union merely physical operations such as bind- Catalog, maintained by the Library of ing, labeling, e tc. ; and the intellectual Congress with the cooperation of libraries processes such as cataloging and cIassi- in a11 parts of the country, is the only one fying. which attempts to record one or more These operations are common to all locations for every book of research value libraries, and although it is obvious that in the entire Nation. the physical processes must be repeated These, then, are the principal phases for each copy of the same book, it was long of, the Library's activity in connection ago found that the operations of cataloging with organizing the collections for use: and classification when performed for the the making of catalogs which analyze the copy of a publication in one library, might individual items by author, subject, etc.; serve for all libraries. This is the basis of , the preparation of schemes of classification the Library's card distribution service and and their application to the individual of the cooperative cataloging activities books; the distribution of the results of which center around it. The catalog these procedures through the sale of cards, initially prepared for the Library's printed cards; the development of location- own use, convey for merely the cost of the lists for books on a national (and to some 69 70 REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, 1347

estent on a world-wide) basis; and finally of the Descriptive Cataloging Division to the physical treatment which is given to proceed in drafting the new rules for sub- the individual items in the collections, mission to the profession generally. A such as binding, map-mounting, lamina- first draft was submitted to the Commit- tion, repair, etc. tee in December? and a second draft was discussed by it at a two-day meeting in Rulesfor Descriltizte Cataloging January 1947. The resultant work, in Perhaps the most important event of the printed form, is now before the members year, in the long-range view, was the of the Library staff and librarians gener- publication of the Rziles for Descrtlptiue Cata- ally, and has been introduced on an esper- loging in the Library of Congress, Prcliminar), imental scale into Library of Congress Edition, issued in June 1947. This pub- practice. It is expected that it will attain lication was the last in a long series of its of~jectives:accepted uniformity of prin- events looking toward standardization and ciples and practices so as to assure uniform- improvement of cataloging practice. Many ity and interchangeability of the product changes and developments have been of cataloging operations of different libra- introduced into the practices of descriptive ries desiral~lesimplification cf practice in cataloging since the issue of the American the interests of greater usefulness of the Library Association's code in 1908, based product and of eliminating unnecessary upon a preliminary publication of rules by detail. the Library of Congress in 1902. Although the Library attempted to keep the code Describti~le Cataloging current and to settle questions of interpre- It is the purpose of the descriptive tation by issuing supplementary rules cataloging operations to make records for from ti~neto time, it was found at the end use in identifying and describing, in the of the period that the practices which had Library's catalogs, the contents of the developed in the meantime were sul~jectto book collections. Most of these opera- much variation, and had tended to lose tions are performed in the Descriptive sight of basic principles. Added to this Cataloging Division, but the cataloging of \\?as the fact that many librarians felt that specialized materials (e. g. maps, music, undue attention was being given, in Oriental languages, etc.) is performed in Library of Congress practice, to inclusion the specialized divisions and will be dis- of bibliographic detail. It became ap- cussed later, while the cataloging of copy- parent that the whole body of rules needed right deposits is done in the Copyright to be re-examined and recodified. Office. The first step in the process is the The studies and conference with other preparation of preliminary catalog cards; librarians which preceded the actual un- these serve to identify and locate the books dertaking of this recodification have been which they describe until the finished and the sul~jectof pre~~iousreports. The Ad- printed cards can take their place. Last visory Comniittee on Descriptive Catalog- year preliminary treatment was given to a ing which I appointed, con~posedof mem- total of 172,406 titles, (69 percent more bers of the Library staff and of outstanding . than in the year previous) among which leaders in the library profession, met in there were several important distinguish- June 1946, to consider the basic principles able groups: for Slavic titles 35,838 en- of the recodification. In the follolving tries, copyright deposits 11,270, reports of October I released the Committee's report the Office of Scientific Research and with the approval of its recommendations, Development 34,006, and usual receipts and at the same time I directed the Chief 91,352. ORGANIZATION OF THE COLLECTIONS

While the preliminary treatment was Russian Book Chamber and of the Lenin- thus able to cope with some adequacy with grad Public Library, and worked in the year's receipts of material (there being bringing up-to-date the filing in the Slavic but 10,710 titles of usual receipts awaiting Union Catalog. treatment at the end of the year) only a small proportion of that total could be Subject Cataloging and Classification processed fully. The total number of The development of subject headings titles for which descriptive cataloging was with which the contents of individual completed was 73,031 (of which 726 works are characterized in the Library's consisted of form card cataloging, 11,827 catalogs, and the elaboration of the classifi- were titles revised and recataloged, and cation schemes by which books on related 4,603 were titles supplied by cooperating subjects are brought together on the libraries). The proportions of the work shelves, are dual aspects of the sarne performed in the Descriptive Cataloging activity. Without the sul~jectheadings it Division and in the Copyright Office is difficult to find the appropriate place in appear in the Appendix. the classification; without the classification the development of subject headings is The Slavic Cataloging Project uncontrolled l)y any systematic arrange- This Project was established in October ment of ideas. Both operations require 1944, with funds made available under a continuous development and revision in grant of $47,800 from the Rockefeller order to keep them up-to-date, to adapt Foundation, to effect records of up to them to the changing uses of language, and 50,000 titles of the Library's extensive but to include the new concepts and terminol- to a large extent uncataloged Slavic ogy produced by the manifold activities Collection. The work was placed under which are represented in published works. the direction of Mr. Benjamin A. Custer, During the past year the Sut~jectCat- now of the Detroit Public Library, who aloging Division made important contri- with a specially recruited staff proceeded butions to the apparatus necessary for both to sort, arrange, and catalog a collection kinds of operations. It prepared and sent which was originally estimated to contain to the printer the copy for the Nth edition 60,000 titles but which was later found to of Subject Headings Used in the Dictionary contain (with the additions which had Catalogs of the Library of Congress. The copy accrued in the meantime) more nearly 90,- was prepared under the editorial super- . 000 titles. Actual cataloging started on vision of Miss Nella J. Martin, who defer- July 1, 1945 and the result of the first red the date of her voluntary retirement year's work was 32,357 titles cataloged in in order to finish this work, and with the preliminary form. By the expiration of assistance of the editor of the fourth edi- the grant on .December 31, 1946, the origi- tion, Miss Mary \V. McNair, who was nal goal had been exceeded with 53,343 called from retirement for the purpose. preliminary entries made, and it was de- The total number of headings included in termined to push the Project to a con- the compilation is 55,000, which will clusion by use of staff on the Library's require, though in 8-point type, 1,200 regular pay roll. By the close of the fiscal pages to' print. year the total entries had reached 68,377. The rapidity with which new terms are In addition to the preparation of prelimi- used in current and war-year publications nary eniries, the Project made, as among is attested by the fact that during the year the working tools for its operations, a the Division issued, through the honthly complete arrangement of the cards of the Additions and Changes in L. C. S~~bjectHead- 72 REPORT OF TI-fE LIBR.I\RI.-IN OF CONGRESS, 1947

ings (published for the Library by the D. C. Niln~berson L. C. Cards were pul~lished H. \jT. \Vilson Company) a total of 4,833 during the year. headings and cross-references representing A rllajor accon~plishn~ent,from the 1,332 terms brought into use or altered point of view of the day-to-day work during the year. of the Library, was the substantial comple- The Di\?isionalso sent to the printer copy tion of the conversion of the shelflist from for revisions of t\vo of the Library's esten- shcet to card form. This conversion, sive series of classification schedules: for originally determined upon in 1938, Class C (History-Ausiliary Sciences) in- proceeded slo\vly until the past year when corporating Class CN (Epigraphy), and a special unit was organized to undertake for Class Q (Science). IITork was started the work of transferring and checking on a thorough revision of Class S (Agricul- this basic in\-entory record of'the I,il>rary's ture). hIea11whilethe customary quarter- collections. During the year 2,124 folios ly lists known as L. C. Class$catiorz-rlcini- of the sheet shelflist representing over tions and Cilangts, were issued in order to four nlillion voIumes were superseded keep the users of the schedules up-to-date. by the card form and at the end of the The estensivc use of the schedules is at- year only 550 folios remained for tested by the fact that it was necessary conversion. during the year to reprint without revision six schedules covering ten classes. Mean; while, also, an elaboration in tentative The arrangements by which other insti- form of the classification schedule for music tiitions furnish the Library of Congress was made in order to provide a systematic \vith the results of their cataloging work so arrangement for a classed catalog of that they may be included in the printed music scores. catalog card series received a consiclcrable The activities just described are con- stimulus from the establishment of the cerned with the developxnent of the Cooperative Acquisitions Project. The apparatus which is used in the subject participating libraries were, of course, treatment of books. There remains to ansious to secure printed cards represent- Ile reported the statistics of the applica- ing the I~ooksdistributed to them in this tion of the system to material destined Project in order to reduce their cataloging for the collections. A total of 60,774 costs; but it was clearly impossible that the works were given subject or classification Library could rapidly catalog all of this treatment or both, besides an additional material unaided. Most of the libraries 17,130 of \vhich revision was required to have, in consequence, agreed to assist in adapt them to later changes; 53,036 titles espediting the work .by contributing cata- were shelflisted; and 158,864 volumes loging copy, and a total of 33,621 titles \\:ere lal~eledfor the shelves. The detailed have as a result been earnlarked to be statistics of these operations may be cataloged in this manner. found in the Appendis. For the use of Another arrangenlent for cooperative libraries ivhich enlploy the Decimal Classi- cataloging, which was initiated during the fication, notations providing the classifi- past year, affects particiilarly the treat- cation in this system were prepared for ment of medical books. Beginning on the cards for 30,184 works, and for these Octol~er1, 1946 the Library undertook to users four issues of the Arotes and Decisions print the catalog entries prepared by the on tile Application of tile Decimal Class$cation Army Medical Library. Arrangements and a fburth edition of Points for Users of were made to permit the staff of that ORGANIZATION OF THE COLLECTIONS library to use the official catalog and other brew) and-in addition-music. Other reference tools of the Library of Congress materials are treated in the divisions which in order to eliminate any necessity for have custody of them, viz. Orientalia, rechecking, and it was agreed to accept prints and photographs, maps, manu- copy prepared in accordance with the scripts and books for the blind. Certain Army Medical Library's own cataloging processes are also performed in the custo- rules, resulting 'in somewhat simpler en- dial divisions for legal materials, micro- tries, though following accepted practice films and motion pictures. In order to in the establishment of headings. Mean- develop and maintain common policies and while a new card series was established- procedures in all processing operations, ccMed"--cornprisin~the cards representing the director of the Processing Department medical works cataloged 11y 110th libraries. is responsible for coordination of these During the year the Army Medical activitics throughout the Library-. Library pro\.ided copy, in accordance with In the hilaps Division several important this arrangement, for 1,562 titles. steps \vere taken during the past year look- The arrangerncnts with the \IToodroiv ing to the ixnproved organization and con- Wilson hfcmorial Library, previously de- trol of the collections: the preliminary draft scribed, Ily which it will provide catalog of the map classification scheme which was entries covering processed and other pub- drawn up the previous year was revised lications in outstanding League of and expanded a provisional draft of Nations collection, has continued, and descriptive cataloging rules for maps, several thousands of entries have been atlases, relief models and globes was accepted and published in the preliminary Altogcthcr the cooperative arrangements Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in the Library brought to the Library during the fiscal of Congress; and work was beg111upon a list year a total of 16,464 catalog entries pre- of subject headings. Cataloging of the pared by other libraries. Six libraries maps which are being distributed to supplied more than 1,000 entries each, American libraries by the Army hIap the largest single contribution (Harvard's) Service in collaboration with the Library I~eing3,108 entries; one library supplied continued during the year, and copy was between 500 and 1,000 entries; and 84 prepared for 499 map titles; 134 atlases libraries supplied 500 or less. During the were cataloged, and 3,750 cards were filed year 13,919 cooperatively supplied entries in the Division's map catalog. A total of were completed for use for books in the 15,418 mapsheets were titled for filing, a Library's own collections; for an addi- drop of nearly 3,000 from last year's figure tional 4,683 the Library did not have which was more than counterbalanced by copies of the works represented. A total the shelflisting of 12,354 sheets, no shelf- of 17,917 entries altogether were prepared listing at all having been done the previous for addition to the printed card stock to be year. An estimated processing backlog of ~nadeavailable to libraries generalIy. 60,000 mapsheets and 20,000 hydrographic charts has now accuxnulated, neither titled ~roces.ring.of special Materials nor shelflisted. The preparation of mate~ialsperformed The Orientalia Division completed its in the Descriptive and Subject Cataloging descriptive catalog, in card form, of the Divisions and in the Copyright Office corn- collection of rare Chinese books, and pre- prises books and pamphlets in all languages pared 5,200 Chinese author cards for escept the Oriental (but including He- insertion into the Public Catalog. These

ifiti::lS--4S-(; 74 REPORT OF THE LIBR.4RI:lN OF CONGRESS, 1947

cards \\.ill guide the inquirer who is seeking the previous year's accomplishment, and information regarding Chinese authors to with a consequent reduction of the the Orientalia Division even though the arrearage from approximately 60,000 to individual titles of the Chinese books are some 47,000 pieces. A total of 71,532 not recorded in the Public Catalog but cards were filed in the catalogs maintained only in the catalogs of the Chinese Section. by the Law Library. In the Hebraic Section of this Division, The Division for the Blind cataloged, uncataloged materials in the number of classified and prepared for circulation 1,888 approximately 25,000 items were rear- volumes or containers of Braille and ranged on the shelves in alphabetical order Moon type and talking book records, and of titles for quick servicing. The Union prepared 1,657 cards for addition to its Catalog of Hebraica was completely over- catalogs. hauled, as described belo\?. The catalog- Some progress was made in the recording ing of Japanese materials was increased, of materials acquired in microfilm copies. but large arrearages continue because of A total of 1,942 titles were processed during the great volume of current acquisitions. the year, a drop from the previous year's \\'ith respect to the collections of the record of 2,802. Manuscripts Division, the greatest achieve- The Motion Picture Project, in cooper- ment of the year was the preparation r>f ation with the Processing Department and the papers of Abraham Lincoln, presented the Copyright Office, drew up tentative to the Library by Robert Todd Lincoln, rules for the cataloging of motion pictures. for the day on which they would become These have been circulated among other available to the public, July 26, 1947. libraries and users of motion picture film Under the supervision of Dr. C. Percy for the purpose of eliciting comments Po\vell, the collection of some 18,000 which will be useful in formulating a individual letters and documents was definitive code. completely arranged, indexed, bound and microfilmed. Of a total of 38,403 index hlainle~zanceof the Catalogs cards, 11,448 were made by the staff of After the books have been cataloged and the Division, and 26,955 by assistants on assigned to their places in the classifica- detail from other divisions. Six other tion, after sul~ject headings have been manuscript collections, comprising appros- established and selected, and after the imately 19,050 pieces in 159 boxes, were catalog cards have been printed, there prepared for binding. still remains the task of making this record Shelf-classification of legal materials is available for public use by inserting the performed follo\ving completion of usual cards into their proper places in the cata- cataloging treatment by the processing logs. And because card indexes which divisions. Last year the volunles thus contain many millions of entries require classified for the shelves included 13,741 continuous \\~atchfulnessto assure that the -American and British publications, 6,699 - user can readily find his way about in foreign law items, and 1,005 works in them, it is desirable that a regular process Latin American law, with the net result of editing be carried on. of reducing the American and British The extent of the operation is indicated arrearage by 1,388 pieces and the foreign by some of the statistics by which it is law arrearage by 2,962 pieces. In addi- measured. During the last fiscal year the tion, 80,211 pieces of periodicals and Catalog Maintenance Division "wrote up" serials were recorded in the Law Library's (by indicating on the cards the various serial record, an increase of 22,505 over entries under which they should be filed) ORGANIZATION OF THE COLLECTIONS

1,376,815 cards for the various catalogs of cards, and from this fact arises the demand the Library. This represented an infor them. During the last year the Library crease of 16 percent over the previous year. sold 18,795,450 cards to an estimated 8,000 It arranged 1,551,062 cards for filing (an sul~scribers. Total sales of cards and of increase of 29 percent); it filed 1,455,397 the technical pu blicatibs connected with cards into the two public catalogs in the their use, resulted in income of $634,756.94, Main Buildiny and the Annex, the Official lvhich is, of course, covered into the mis- Catalog, the Music Catalogs and the Pro- cellaneous receipts sf the United States cess Information File (an increase of 25 Treasury. percent) ;and it withdrew 96,116 canceled All these figures represent considerable cards and corrected 44,349 cards by hand. increases of business over last year. The Even after these prodigious operations nunlber of new subscribers (572) was the there remained a considerable backIog of largest to be added in one year in the his- work. This was especially true with re- tory of the card distribution service, and spect to the public catalog in the Annes, especially interesting for the reason that where a supplenlent of 1,240,000 cards has so many of these new subscribers are accumulated, and where three-quarters of industrial or co~nmercialenterprises. The a million cards are not even filed into the number of cards sold represents an increase supplement. of 18 percent over sales for 1946, which With first and continuing attention being then represented a new high level. Reve- preempted by the urgency for "writing nues inct-eased 48 percent over the pre- up" and filing entries, no staff could be vious year. spared for the important business of editing The ability of the Card Division to the catalogs. The Public Catalog in the accornmodate itself to these increases in Main Reading Roorn, for example, was business in spite of the fact that, as part of estimated to contain, at the end of the a government establishment, its budget is fiscal year, a total of 7,215,869 cards, and necessarily prepared from 6 to 18 months it is conjectured that there are in it many in advance, was due to several factors tens of thousands (a fractional percent of apart from the industry and loyalty of the the total) of entries which should be can- staff. One of these factors was the sub- celed, cards which are worn out and should s tantial completion of certain organiza- be renewed, headings which are inconsist- tional changes which make improved ent, and lactmae where cards have been work processes possil~le;another was the withdrawn but not returned. The exist- fact that the increasing business was pre- ence of this problem is known, and early dic ted, and Congress authorized the attention must be given to it. appropriation of a "cushion", amounting to 10 percent of the revenue earned in DistributionofPrinted CatalogCards fiscal year 1945, to take care of this Each card sold by the Library is poten- eventuality. Less than half the "cushion" was actually used, and even this amount tially capable of conveying to its purchaser was of course returned through sales to the the equivalent of the not inconsiderable Treasury; but the developments of the investment made either by the Library year showed how important it was to have itself or by the institutions which cooperate the estra sum, without which the level of with it in furnishing copy for printing, in service could not have been maintained. terms of the cataloging, classification and The new organization of the Card subject-analysis of the book which it Division, announced in General Order represents. In this lies the value of the 1305, October 22, 1946, was largely the ?T- 76 REPORT OF THE L1BK:lKIAN OF CONGRESS, 1047

product of the cornbined job-analysis and in consequence, of major importance not ~vork-method surveys conducted in the only frorn the point of vieiv of sales, but Division in the previous year. The result also as a bibliographical tool of great of the regrouping of activities was to reduce use to the operations of the Librarv itself. the sectional units from twelve to five, tivo It is interesting to note that, in the single of wliich-the Divisional Ofice and the serics of cards for maps published by the Sales Section-I~eing chiefly responsil~le Army A4ap Service, su bscribcrs received for relations with subscribers, report 343,244 cards last year; but there were directly to the chief; while the three sec- at the end of the year only 12 subscribers tions \vhich represent the composite of to the c'A/led" series covering medical operations for processing orders-Orders, literature. Inventory and Special Services Sections- report to the assistant chief. The Czmzztlative Catalog o/ Library The completion of the organizational oJ Congress Printed Cards changcs has pcrnlitted revie\\r of particular The "card distribution systcrn", as it is aspects of the work ~vitha view to greater called, has cvcr sincc its comrncncemen t eficiency. Of significance are the new been cffectcd in two principal ways. One standards of producti\ri ty sct following of thcse is through the salc, at cost plus labor-ma~lagcmcnt nlcetings, for the card 10 pcrcen t, of individual cards ordered by searchers, clraivers and billers. Increases librarics and other purchasers. The other in production in thcse opcrations over the has bccn through the placing of complete standards of 1941-42 varied from 12 sets, as published, on deposit at centers of percent to 70 pcrcent. For example, in research where the receiving institutions contrast to the 53 employees who in the would undertake to keep them filed up- prelvar period proccsscd the 17,000,000 - to-date and maintained for public use. cards sold, under the new work methods In this way it was made possible for inves- 42 employees are able to process nearly tigators at a distance fro111 Washington to 19,000,000 cards. Again, in 1942 the derive to a considerable dcgrce the same billing of salcs amounting to $330,000 bcncfit from the Library's catalogs as if required 11 billers: the same number is they were in Mrashington. Over the years able to bill today orders amounting to the nurnbcr of these depository sets, corn- $560,000 annually. plete and partial, grew to the number of Among o thcr improvements which may 133. The benefit which they conferred , be noted was the placing of orders for 100 was indubitably great, but their main te- c copen stock cases" to facilitate the nance entailed a degree of expense upon handling of the most-used card stock. the Library (which sent out 8,573,000 cards Delivery of thcse is expected this year. to the depositories in fiscal year 1946), Recommendations are pendink for the and an even greater espense upon the disposal of the least frequently used stock recipients, who had each to provide filing and for meeting orders with lithograph- equipment and staff for the maintenance ing equipment. A drive on delinquent of the catalogs to the estent of approsi- accounts cleared up approximately 90 mately $1,000 per annum. percent of those outstanding, including Several years ago it was suggested to the some going back as far as 1928. Library by Mr. H. W. Wilson, the well- The standing orders now on our books known publisher of I~ibliographies and for cards in various series now number indeses, that it might be no more expen- approximately 43,000, and the main te- sive to publish the contents of the cards in nance of the series catalog is a matter, book form than to distribute them as cards, ORGANIZA'I'ION OF THE COLLECTIONS

and that the circle of those whom the duced the carcls printed prior to -4ugust 1, service would reach could thus IIe much 1942. It is expected that an Edwards enlargccl. Many technical ancl fiscal diffi- supplement will fill in the gap between culties stood in the way of adopting this 1942 and the end of 1947, and it is there- sirggcstion, 1x1t the success of the sale of the fore likely that an annual \.olume will 11e monumental 167-volume Catalog qf Books unnecessary for 1947. Represe;~ted (9) Librag1 of Cottgress Printed The importance of this new venture, if Cards up to 1942, which was sponsored it can be self-supporting, is very great. several years ago by the Association of For the first time there is generally avail- Research Libraries and published by the able in convenient form and at moderate Edwards Brothers, Inc. of Ann Arbor, cost (a fraction of the cost of maintaining Michigan, made the idea worth investi- a depository set of cards) a publication gating. A series of experiments and which lists at frequent intervals a sub- inquiries was initiated, and with the as- stantial segment of current American and sistance of thc original proponent of the foreign publications, indicating where schen~ea plan was urorkecl out, having copies of the books arc to be found, provid- sul~stantialprospects of success, for repro- ing for each of them one or more methods ducing and marketing a periodical catalog of classification, subject-analysis, and other in book form fro111 the same types which cataloging data in terms of' standard are used to print thc cards. The libraries systems. It is conceivecl that this pub- who would use the service were consulted lication, of which the first six issues (cover- as to their preferences and needs, and the ing the first half of the calendar year) were Cz~mrilatioe Catalog of Library of Congress publishing entries at the rate of 65,000 a Printed Cards uras accordingly com~nenced year, may provide the basis for significant at the beginning of this calendar year. advances toward the solution of the prob- Each issue reproduces the contents of all lem of bibliographical control. cards printed by the Library during the With the publication of the Czimlilative preceding month for books published since Catalog the primary purposes of the depos- January 1, 1939. There are quarterly itory sets of cards were met, and since their cun~ulations,and it is proposed to issue an continuance was no longer justified on annual cumulation which will reproduce these grounds, they have been cliscon- all cards printed during the year without tinued. Sets of cards are still supplied, exceptions. The possibility of quinquen- however, in exchange for publications of nial cumulations and of subject and other certain foreign Iil~raries,i~lclucling printed indexes is under consideration. cards, ancl also in cascs where the): form The publication is issued as a part of the the basis for regional union catalogs. card distribution activity, of which it is an obvious extension. The editorial work The Unioi0)z Catalogs is performed in the Catalog Maintenance The Library maintains se\:eral principal Division. The whole costs of preparation union catalogs: the general or national Un- and printing are to be charged to the ion Catalog which records the locations of subscribing libraries and the publication books in the Roman alphabets and which is is consequently dependent upon their maintained by the Union Catalog Division; support. At the end of the fiscal year the and the union catalogs of books in Slavic, number of subscriptions was 772. Hebraic and Oriental characters ~vhich It is obvious that the annual or multi- are maintained in the specialized divisions. year cumulations will supplement the At the end of the fiscal year the general Edwards Brothers Catalog which repro- Union Catalog contained an estimated 78 REPORT OF THE LIBRARItlN OF CONGRESS, 1947

total of 14,015,391 entries. These entries most likely to require recording in the represented perhaps nearly double the Union Catalog. same number of locations, for the reason The incorporation into the Union Cat- that several locations frequently appear on alog of the contents of the Philadelphia a single entry. They represent, however, a and Cleveland Union Catalogs, for which snmewhat smaller number of seDarate sums have been au~rouriatedas a s~ecial

estimated 1,382,856 added entries and catalogs alone a total of 221,750 new titles cross-references) there are nunlerous in- were copied in addition to 1,024,990 new stances of duplicate entries for the same locations. The Cleveland Catalog is now title. completed escept for the letters P-S and During the year there were added to the S-Z, and the Philadelphia Catalog is com- catalog cards representing approsirnately pleted through the name ccLeffingwell."

and at the same time indicating the to be checked. The Ohio Union Catalog , locations of 517,257 copies not hitherto at the State Library at Columbus was specified. Of the 296,903 newly recorded checked esperirne~)tally,resulting in the in- works, 54,887 titles were supplied by the corporaton of 2,065 new titles and 11,676 Library's own printed catalog cards, new locations, but it was found that the while most of the remainder were copied gain in new titles was only 10.6 percent of

furnished by them as regular contribu- of this Catalog will therefore be deferred tions. The gross total of cards filed into pending the exploration of areas less ade- the Catalog during the year, 517,257 in quately represented. number, compared with 432,272 the Considerable work was done in bringing previous year. In the process of fling, the Slavic and Hebraic union catalogs into 220,355 cards were eliminated as dupli- serviceable condition. Until this past cates, leaving a net gain of 296,902 new year the Slavic union catalog consisted cards, equal to the number of new titles solely of cards from other libraries, but the recorded. Slavic Cataloging Project demonstrated The libraries contributing cards to the the need for a file which would combine Catalog numbered 82, and their contribu- these with a record of the Library's own tions amounted to 190,799 cards, an in- holdings. This was done following a check crease over the previous year: 48 libraries of the Library's cataIogs, and the resulting contributed between 7 and 1,000 entries; file consisted of an estimated 180,000 entries

2,000 and 10,000; 3 between 10,000 and cards of other libraries and 83,500 of the 20,000; and 2 contributed respectively Library of Congress. A similar project 23,795 and 25,495. These represent val- was partly accomplished for the Hebraic of the cards sent in represent regular two files and, in addition, several sections. accessions of books; the largest numbers The file representing the holdings of othe~ result from the concerted effort, in which libraries-approximately 30,000 entries- a number of libraries are engaged, of has been consolidated, and awaits the checking their catalogs against the Catalog insertion of the entries representing the of Books Represented by Library of Congress Library's collection. Printed Cards in order to ascertain the titles During the year it was possible to estab- ORGANIZATION OF THE COLLECTIONS

lish a small unit to work on the files of the script restoration, etc., during the past American Imprints Inventory, the Work year are presented in tabular form in the Projects Administration project which Appendix. A comment on the develop- attempted to record and locate copies of ments of the year is pertinent:- all early American publications. These For many years the cost of the book- files consisted of approxi~natelynine mil- binding operation of the Branch Bindery lion slips in various stages of editing and which the Public Printer maintains in the arrangement. In the limited time during Library buildings was billed to the Library which the unit was active it was able to as a consolidated charge for the work bring the slips together so as to make them performed, and it was therefore not more readily available for further work, possible to distinguish the cost of the to edit and file 140,000 slips, to recover various styles and methods of binding and incorporate slips which had been out used. This system saved in accounting on loan, to eliminate 657,600 duplicate costs and had therefore been thought entries, and to edit in part the slips for desirable; but it did not provide the cost 1799-1800 and those for Virginia, Ver- data which stimulates and guides the mont and Florida in connection with search for economies. As a first step in projects which are l~eing sponsored in improvement in binding routines, there- various places for printing lists of these fore, arrangements were made with the imprints. As a by-product of the various Government Printing Office for itemized operations 3,192 otherwise unlocated items billing by category of style of binding. and approximately 60,000 additional loca- When this was in hand a second step was tions were incorporated into the Union taken-the redrafting of specifications for Catalog. various classes of binding, and the prep- With the cooperation of a number of aration of criteria by which materials libraries the special union list of the war- might be assigned to these various classes. year issues of foreign scientific and tech- In place of three general styles previously nical periodicals was kept up. This list is used there were elaborated five specific useful not only for the current location of styles as follows: Style A, laced-in full issues, but for any republication program buckram; Style B, cased-in full buckram; for the purpose of completing the files of Style C, hand or machine sewn quarter- various libraries, such as is now in the binding; Style D, wire stapled quarter- proposal staxe. binding; and Style E, newspaper binding. During the year the Union Catalog On February 1, 1946, the use of these Division conducted searches for I 1,609 styles was introduced into the work, and items, and located 9,039. The remaining the application of the criteria for sorting 2,570 were circularized among 59 libraries out work into these various classes was and regional catalogs, resulting in the shortly thereafter introduced in to the location of 721 additional titles. Of the practice of the several divisions \vhich remaining, 1,250 were given further cir- prepare and forward material for binding. cularization in the occasional Select List This was the status of affairs at the begin- of Unlocated Research Books, of which the ning of the last fiscal year. The results eleventh issue was sent out in May. have justified the labor. The use of the alternative styles produced an approxi- Binding Operations mate 10 percent lowering in the over-all Statistics of the operations of binding, cost of the five styles. However, in Decem- repair, map and print mounting, manu- ber of last year, as the result of the revision 80 KEPOK'T OF THE LIBRARI-AN OF CONGRESS, 1947

of the wage scales in the Bindery, these Branch of the Government Printing Ofice savings were lost and the average cost and of many officers of the parent estab- this past year for materials bound in the lishment. full and quarter-binding styles is approxi- An important improvement made during mately the same as for the previous year, the year was the introduction of laminating while the cost of newspaper binding has equipnlent into the work of the manu- increased nearly 25 percent. It is obvious scripts repair station. This equipment, that without the efforts just described the which makes use of the Barrows system, average cost would have been much involves the neutralization of the destruc- higher. Continued attention, through in- tive chemical conditions within the paper vestigation of methods in use in cornmer- before it is sandwiched, under heat and cia1 binderies, has been and will be made to pressure, between two films of cellulose effect economies and to extend the use of acetate, reinforced if need be by the gauze- the binding appropriation. In all of these matters Mr. Smith, Chief of the Binding like fibers of sheets of Japanese tissue. Division, and Mr. Kremer, Keeper of the This system is believed to mark a great Collections, halve been given the most improvement, both in excellence of results cordial and understanding cooperation of and in economy of operation, over the Messrs. Falk and Burke of the Library cr2pelining procedure previously used. Administration, Personnel, Finance

Orders given in the Appendix. Organiza- tional changes of importance were as DIGEST of the legislation enacted follo\vs: during fiscal year 1947 which specifi- On August 22, 1946, the Folklore Sec- cally affected the Lil~raryis inserted A tion was established as a part of the Music in the Appendix. Several of these enact- Division, absorbing the functions of the mcnts have been previously mentioned in Archive of American Folk Song. On this Report, including the Act to Provide October 1, 1946, all the Library's activi- Books for the Adult Blind as amended on ties relating to the blind were brought August 8, 1946, and the provisions of the together under single administrative direc- Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 tion, and on October 16, 1946, this unit which affect the Legislative Reference was given the designation of the Division Service. for the Blind. On September 16, 1946, Records of the House of Represerztat!ues the Motion Picture Project was designated as a division. (This Division has since Anlong the provisions of the Legislative been liquidated under the provisions of Reorganization Act of 1946, was one the Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, (Sec. 140b) which directed that all of the 1948.) On October 22, 1946, certain noncurrent records of the House of changes were effected in the Processing Representatives from the First to the Department including the establishment Seventy-sixth Congress be collected and of the Catalog Maintenance Division, the transferred to the National Archives. termination of the Cooperative Cataloging Many of these records had previously been Section of the Descriptive Cataloging deposited in the Library under the pro- Division, the establishment of three new visions of the Act of June 6, 1900 (31 sections in the Subject Cataloging Division, Stat. 642), and of the Resolution No. 403 the sectional reorganization of the Card of the House of Representatives, 6lst Division, and the establishment of the Congress, 2d Session, March 5, 1910. position of editor in the Union Catalog Accordingly, arrangements were imme- Division. The Science and Technology diately instituted with the Clerk of the Project was established on June 3, 1947, House of 'Representatives and with the as a division in the Reference Department Archivist of the United States, looking to to provide special bibliographic and other the transfer of the collections in the library services for the Office of Naval Library's custody. This transfer was com- Research and on June 11,1947, the OSRD pleted at noon on October 15, 1946. Projrct was incorporated into this new The Service unit. The Office of the Secretary of the Li- The regulations issued during the year brary was reorganized in fiscal 1947 into which affected the general service of the the follo\ving units: Mail and Delivery Library may be found in the list of General Section, Records Section, Secretarial Sec- 82 REPORT OF THE LIBRr\RI:\N OF CONGRESS, 1947

tion, and Duplicating Section, the lat ter floor, of the Main Building. The Ad- being transferred from the Supply Office vanced Research Section was transferred on October 16, 1946. The mail routing to study roorns in the Annex. Half of the work was moved upstairs to form an north reading room in the Annex was integral part of the operations of the partitioned to provide space for the use of Secretary's immediate office. investigators who could not t~eaccom- On December 24, 1946, the Guard modated with study roorns or study tables . Division, which had functioned previously elsewhere. as a unit under the Ofice of the Superin- tendent of the Library Buildings and Grants-in-Aid Grounds, was established as a separate At its meeting on May 33, 1946 the division of the Administrative Department. Advisory Comn~ittee on Grants-in-Aid -4 final organizational change, which, for Studies in the History of American though previously planned, did not go Civilization reconlmended that the re- into effect until after the beginning of the maining $50,000 in the fund made avail- present fiscal year yet is nevertheless re- able to the Lil~rary I,y the Rockefeller flected in the list of the officers of the Foundation be de~iotedto the preparation Library which stands at the beginning of of a series of volurnes dealing with civiliza- this volume, consisted in the merging of tion in the United States in the twentieth the Acquisitions Department into the century, each volume to be "historical in Processing Department on August 6, 1947, approach, and each designed to present a together with a redistribution of the selected and significant aspect of American responsibilities regarding the acquisition development with the purpose of tracing of materials for the collections. the course to our present position and of Space adjustments during the year in- looking at unsol\.ed pro blerns." Although cluded the following: the office of the I readily accepted this proposal, the selec- Photoduplication Service was transferred tion of an editor was not an easy task, and from the Octagon, in the basement of the it was not until toward the end of the last Main Building, to the qorth end of the fiscal year that Professor Ralph H. Gabriel Newspaper Reference Room in the Annex. . of Yale University accepted the invitation The nurse's quarters in the hilain Building to serve as editor-in-chief of the series, \vere shifted from the Attic to the Octagon, which is to be known as The Librarv oj and the Attic space was reassigned to meet Congress Series in dmericatz Civilization. Yale the requirements of the Division for the University has agreed to free Professor Blind, the United States Quarterh Book List Gabriel from his regular duties for the staff, and the Consultant in Poetry in necessary periods of time, and the Rocke- English. The Aeronautics Division was feller Foundation has given its approval to moved from study rooms on the fifth floor the program. The next step is the work of of the Annex to the northeast corner of the selecting the authors for the individual third floor of the Annex. The headquar- volumes. ters of the Surplus Books Project were trans- Under the 24 individual grants pre- ferred from the third floor of the Annex to viously awarded for Studies in the History the sub-basement of that building to reof American Civilization, 10 studies have lease space for the Science and Technology been completed or are well on their way Project. The Federal Law Section and .the to completion. Arrangements have been State Law Section of the Legislative Refer- made by 5 of these authors for the publica- ence Service were moved from the south tion of the results of their research on curtain to the northwest curtain, second the following subjects: "The Influence of ADMINISTKt\?'IOK, PERSONNEL, FINANCE

Science on American Literature from 1775 were allocated by the Civil Service Com- to 1910, with Special Reference to New- mission as recommended. Major accom- tonianism and Darwinism" by Harry plishmen ts included the establishment of a Hayden Clark; "Folktales and Legends control file for all positions under the ap- of the Old North\vest" by Richard M. propriation Salaries, Library Proper, and Dorson; "The Forest Drama: Parkman this will be extended as soon as possible to as Creator" by Howard Nott Doughty, cover other appropriations; the placing of Jr.; "An Account of American Painting retirement records on a current basis for as an Espression of American Civiliza- the first time since before the war; the tion" by Jarnes Thomas Flesner; and reorganization of the personal history "The Beginnings of a Literary Culture files of individual employees; and the im- in the Pacific Northwest" by Sidney provement of the pay roll, records, files and 14'arren. Work on 2. studies was termi- correspondence work through combina- nated by the death of the authors, and tion or division of units. The Employee the remaining 12 studies are in varying Relations Section held 2,912 interviews stages of progress. It is espected that with employees, chiefly on problems of 11lost of the work undertaken under the health, housing, finances, education and grants will result in publication. jot, relations. A real saving was effected in the handling of efficiency rating appeals. Personnel Of 35 appeals all but 2 were settled without During 1947 the number of positions formal proceedings through hoards of on the Library's rolls was 1,601)$, besides appeal; one grievance case was heard by certain positions on gift and trust funds, a board, and 3 other appeals from adminis- and funds transferred from other agencies. trative action were made. 0* June 30, 1947, the total staff on all The Library offered seven internships to appropriated and other funds numbered outstanding graduates of library schools 1,724, in addition to 134 employees who to be effective in fiscal 1948. Four interns were paid part-time or by the hour, qnd were selected anti were assigned, respective- 40 on leave without pay. ly, to the LegisIative Reference Service, The composition of the staff of the the Processing Department, the Office Library by administrative unit, the level of the Secretary of the Library, and the of employment at various periods of the Personnel Office. year, and the operations of the Personnel In the Fourth Administrative Intern Office are expressed in statistical terms in Program, conducted by the Civil Service tables which are placed in the Appendix. Commission, the Library was represented The work of the Personnel Office, like that by Mrs. Ida F. Wilson. Miss Elizabeth of many other units of the Library, Tate and Mr. Logan 0. Cowgill partici- reached new high levels during the past pated in the fifth program in the series. year. The number of personnel actions, exclusive of terminations, increased by 24 StaffDiccz~ssionGroups percent; interviews by 35 percent; appli- Perhaps the most significant develop- cations for positions by 93 percent; per- ment in the Library's personnel program sonnel memoranda announcing vacancies during the past year was the further im- by 58 percent; and job descriptions sub- plementation of the Library's policy of mitted for classification by 56 percent. providing the members of the staff gen- It is interesting to note, as a commentary erally with opportunity for participation on the quality of the classification work, in the management of the Library's affairs. that 91 percent of the positions affected As the result of the recommendation of a 84 REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAK OF CONGRESS, 1947

committee assigned to study the matter of example of the \.slue of the program is the staff espression, General Order 1308 was fact that "jot, relations" interviews con- issued on December 5, 1946, organizing ducted by the Employee Relations Officer the staff of the Library into 92 Staff Dis- have declined by 40 percent since the cussion Groups, not exceeding 25 meml~ers program was installed. each. Attendance at all rneetings is a On May 14, 1947, the new meml~ersof part of the work assignrllent of employees. the Staff Advisory Committee, elected or Under the guidance of elected leaders, appointed to ser\.e for a one-year term, the discussions are divided into two parts, \irere announced. These were Isaac Gold- each allotted thirty minutes. Additional berg and Charles B. Elarn, with Helen time, not to exceed two hours for each Livingston and Mark E. Chapman as meeting, is permitted in cases of special alternates, representing the U. P. FV. A.; need. The first half of the session is de- Grace E. May and Mary R4. Rocl;, with voted to topics decided upon I,y the group I~Villard \(Vatson and Helen E. Rush as itself, the second part to a topic designated alternates, represe~tingthe N. F. F. E.; by the Librarian, in consultation \vith the ,James A. Severn, Jr.. Edward A. Finlay- Staff Advisory Committee. This topic son, Robert S. Bray and Meriam C. Jones, then becomes the subject of discussion at with Edith C. \j7ise, James A. Lessley, the follo~vingmeeting of the Professional Clinton C. Bu~ke,Jr., and Mary E. Kelso Forum. Background information concern- as alternates, representing the non-union ing these matters of Library-wide interest members of the staff; while Willard Webb, is furnished to en~ployeesin advance, and C. Dake Gull, Robert T. Secrest, and discussion groups are authorized to invite Robert M. Holmes, Jr., with Legare H. appropriate officers or other men1 bers of Obear, Mildred Portner, Madeline C. the staff to participate in their discussions. Thompson, and Eugene C. Powell, Jr. as Beginning on a monthly basis, the meet- alternates, were appointed by the Librarian. ings were later scheduled once each quar- The Professional Forum, cornposed of all ter. Each group is responsible for the professional members of the staff and those preparation of summary reports of each in higher subprofessional, clerical and ad- meetinq . ministrative positions, continued to meet The first four meetings were assigned in the Coolidge ,4uditorium at monthly topics dealing with the budget estimates intevals during the greater part of the for 1947 as affecting the operations with year to discuss topics relative to the Li- which rnernbers of the individual groups brary's program of service and control of were concerned, the Library's personnel materials. policies and management (two meetings) and the report of the Library of Congress Loyalty Inuestigatio~zs Planning Com~nittee. The discussion of In Esecutive Order 9835, issued on these topics and of topics suggested by R~Iarch25, 1947, the President prescribed the groups themselves resulted in the sub- a procedure, to be effective in the agencies mission to the Personnel Office of 821 of the Esecutive Branch of the Govern- recommendations for changes and im- men t, for the conduct of investigations provements in the Library's policies and pro- regarding the loyalty of employees of those cedures. O\-erone-half ofthese recornmen- agencies and for determinations as to dations were accepted, while many others action to be taken in cases where evidence are still under study, and only a few were of disloyalty might be found. wholly 'rejected. The response of the staff For the reason that the Executive Order ADMINISTRATION, PERSONNEL, FINANCE 85

separate action was needed with respect to was appointed Acting Chief of that Divi- Library empioyccs. This action was taken sion on August 12, 1946, and was con- in General Order 1317, issued on May 15, fir~ned as Chief on 0ctol)er 2, 1947. 1947, which established a procedure very Miron Burgin, formerly Assistant Chief of similar to that of the Esccutive Order the American Repul~licsDivision of the while guaranteeing the right of the indivi- Ofrice of International Trade, Depart- clual ernployee to a fair hearing, and mak- ment of Comrnercc, was named editor of ing use, if possible, of thc facilities of inves- the IZ(1ndbook of Latin ,ilmericnm Studies on tigation and of review afforded by the Septcml)er 30. 1946. Julius Davidson. machinery proposed for the Esccutivc previously head of the aclministrative Branch, prior to final decision. At the planning unit of the Office of Price Ad- same time, since the Library's estirnates for ministration. \\-as appointed -4ssistant Di- fiscal ycar 1948 were then awaiting a hear- rector of Ad~ninistration and Budget ing 1)efore the Coin~nit tee on Appropria- Ofliccr on Not-c~nl~er19, 1946. Richard tions of the House of Representatives, a S. F. Eclls, \vho joined the Liljrary staff on change in the appropriations language was Octol>er 24. 1945 as Fello\v in Aviation suggested which ~vouldmake it possible Litcratur-c. \vas appointed .4cting Chief of for the Library to transfer funds for loyalty the .4eronautics Di~~isionon July 5. 1946. investigations to the appropriate agencies, and was confirmed as Chief of the Di\.ision should no specific appropriation be made in Octol~er1947. Arthur Fisher. formerly to these agencies for this purpose. This manager of the New England Region, change of language was accepted, but the Co~nplianccDepartment, \\'ar Production event showed that facilities for investiga- Board, became Associate Register of tions clicl not exist until a specific appro- Copyrights on .August 19, 1946. Mildred priation was rnade. It appears that the ChafTin Portncr. formerly l~usinessman- Lil~rarywill enjoy the regular facilities of ager for the Professional and Service int-estigacion of emplo!.ee loyalt~.. Division. \Vork Projects -4dministration. in Michigan. was appointed Acting Secre- tary of the Library on October 7, 1946. A nu~nberof important appoint~nents and Secretary on April 17, 1947. 1Valter \vcrc made during the ycar. Vcrner \Y. W. Ristow, for two years head of the Clapp, a mcmbcr of the Library's staff for Geography and Map Section of the New Inore than t\\.cnty-five years, was ap- York Office of Military Intelligence. pointed Chief i\ssistant Librarian on was appointed *4ssistant Chief of the Maps March 5, 1947. Frederick H. FVagman, Di\?ision on December 16, 1946. Herbert for~ner Director of the Department of J. Sanl~orn,who joined the Library as Administrative Services. I~eca~neAssistant Consultant in Exhibits on May 13, 1946, Director for Pul~licReference Service of I~ccame Exhibits Officer on August 19, the Reference Department on August 36, 1946. John R. Shively, follouring sis years 1946. John C. L. Andreassen, who joined of service with the United States Marine the staff of the Library on September 16, Corps, was designated Chief of the 1946 as Consultant in Administration, was Tapanese Section of the Orientalia Dii-i- named Acting Director of the Department sion on July 15, 1946, in the absence-\vith- of Administrative Sen-ices on Octol~er1, leave of Edwin G. Beal, Jr. Mortimer 1946, and on January 24: 1947 was con- Taube was pronloted on June 3, 1947, from firmed as Director of the Department. the position as Assistant Director for Oper- Burton \lV. Adkinson. .Assistant Chief of ations of the Acquisitions Department, to 86 REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947

Pro-ject. Paul Vanderbilt, previously 11-ith United States Supreme Court, was ap- the Office of Military Government, be- pointed on February 25, 1947, as Legal came Acting Chief of the Prints and Analyst. Walter \!IT.IYilcos, former pro- Photographs Division on December 16. fessor of agricultural economics, Univer- 1946. .41\:a B. IValker, who became -4ct- si tv of isco cons in, became Senior Specialist ing Secretary to the Librarian in ,January in Agriculture on Alay 19, 1947. Irving 1947, was appointed Administrative Sec- Zuckerman, formerly with the War Pro- retary to the Librarian on May 19, 1947. duction Board, was appointed as Legal In the Legislative Reference Service the Analyst on March 1'1, 1947. expert staff was very considerably strength- ened by a number of appointmentsduring Retirements and Resignn/ions the year. John C. Cooper, of the Institute The retirement on hlay 31, 1947, of for -4di.anced Study, Princeton, N. J.? was Hazel Bartlett, Principal Cataloger and appointed on April 1, 1947, as Consultant Deputy Chief of the Descriptive Cataloging in Air Transportation. Allan Cunning- Division, constituted a principal loss to ham, formerly Technical Expert for the the Library in devotion and esperience. Joint Army-Navy Intelligence Objectives Miss Bartlett's se~vicewith the Library, Agency, was named Analyst in Engineer- which commenced in 1911, has left its ing and Public \jTorkson February 4, 1947. imprint not only in the high standards of IYiIIiarn Y. EIliott, formerly consuI tant, cataloging which she did so much to House of Representatives' Special Com- maintain, but also in the supplement to mittee on Postwar Economic Policy and the Catalogrte of Early Books 011 Mrtsic which Planning, became part-time Consul tan t she edited. Other employees who retired in International Relations on RcIay 20, during the year were Deborah Burrowes, 1947. Fedele F. Fauri, former director of Marian S. Harris, Carrie J. Hastings, the Michigan State Welfare Commission, Harry B. Hicks, Clare C. Martin, May H. was appointed Analyst in Social \\'elfare Pendleton, Anna Atfay Priest, and .Jesse on March 19, 1947. Erne.st All. Fisher, of \Y. Wright. Columbia University and of the National On April 24, 1947, announcement was Bureau of Economic Research, was desig- made of the resignation, to be effective nated part-time Consultant in Housing on August 31, of Herman H. Henkle, for May 19, 1947. Thorsten V. Kalijarvi, five years Director of the Processing formerly executive director of the New Department. 'These five years were Hampshire State Planning and Develop- marked by vigorous attack upon the ment Commission, became Analyst in complex organizational and policy prob- European Affairs on January 2, 1947. lems connected with cataloging and other Jack Levin, research assistant and con- processing activities. RiIr. Henkle left to sultant to various .Members of Congress, accept the position of Librarian of the joined the staff as Housing Analyst on John Crerar Library, Chicago, a position September 6, 1946. J. Rolla hlahone):, in which the Library can still continue to chairman of the University of Utah command his sympathetic cooperation and Research Committee, was appointed on advice. hfarch 21, 1947. as Senior Specialist in On August 9, 1946, Benjamin A. Conservation and the Public Domain. Custer resigned from his position as Robert S. Oglebay, formerly attorney, Head of the Slavic Cataloging Project, -4dvisory Committee on Rules of Civil to join the staff of the Detroit Public Procedure, Office of the Marshal of the Library. Mr. Custer came to the Library ADMINISTR.I\TION, PERSONNEL, FINANCE

on December I 1, 1944, with a background 1l4eritorious Services of experience as head of the Catalog It is impossible, within the limitations Department of the University of California of this Report, to name all of those mem- at Los Angeles, and made an important bers of the staff whose outstanding services contribution to the successful progress of arc deserving of commendation. Through- the Project. out the Library the standards of service have been maintained by the personal devotion to duty of many individual em- I am distressed to have to report the ployees. I am very grateful for their deaths, during the past year, of a number loyalty. of my colleagues among whom were several Specific acknowledgment, by within- who held positions of important responsi- grade increases for superior accomplish- l~ilityor who had achieved distinction in ment, was made during the year to three their field of work. Their loss, both to members of the staff: to 1,lTilliarn L. the service and in a personal sense, is Friend, Jr., whose subsequent death has deeply felt. They were as follows: Edgar just been mentioned, for the prepara- F. Rogers, Special Assistant to the Libra- tion of the work, Anglo-.4merican Legal rian, January 18, 1947; \~VilliamL. Friend, Bibliographies to Rae Korson, for outstand- .Jr., Chief of the British Law Section of the ing work as acting chief and as assistant to Law Library, June 1, 1947; Charles S. the chief of the Folklore Section; and to Chisholm, Filer in Charge of the Public Frances hl. AlcDaniel, who proposed and Catalog, November 1, 1946; Clarice R. helped to install improved procedures for Kaufman, a mernl~erof the staff of the the proofreading of catalog cards. Subject Cataloging Division, October 11, Among members of the staff whom I 1946; and Percy E. Bradshaiv, Peter A. would like to mention particularly are Brazinski and Harry V. Tait, all members Marietta Daniels, whose intelligence and of the Guard Force, on October 25, 1946, energy contributed greatly to the success March 21, 1947, and September 29,1946, of the Assembly of Librarians of the respectively. Americas; Ernest S. Griffith, who, in addi- Several former members of the staff died tion to his heavy duties, caused the Libra- in retirement. Allen R. Boyd, who from ry to be the first of the Federal agencies to 1899 to 1936 was in succession Secretary meet or exceed its quota in the Community to the Librarian, Chief Clerk and Admin- Chest Campaign, and Senophon P. Smith, istrative .4ssistant, died on March 30, 1947. who achieved the same result in the Red Richard Crost~yDeIYolf, a member of the Cross drive; Nelson R. Burr, who was staff of the Copyright Ofice for most of responsible for the historical work in the the period from 1907 to 1945 and Acting preparation of the State exhibits and the Register of Copyrights for the last t\vo publication of the catalogs of these ex- years of his service, died on March 8, 1947. hibits; Vincent L. Eaton, who, upon his .4lice S. Griswold, whose 42 years of unin- return from the war. prepared with signal terrupted service in the Catalog Division accuracy and rapidity a number of diffi- ended only with her retirement in 1939, cult reports; and Kathrine 0. hlurra, for died in March 1947. Alice Reed Johns- ton, who served in the Main Reading her work in bibliographical compilation Rooms from 1905 to 1934 died on January for the use of the President's Board on 24, 1947. Harry M. Gerhart, formerly Scientific Research. Lieutenant of the Guard, who retired in \17illard Webb and Alpheus L. \ttTalterof 1946, died en route to the \~l~estCoast. the Stack and Reader Division are to be 88 REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947

commended for their accomplishments in meeting a considerably heavier workload Statements of the Library's financial and a very trying schedule with a small condition, itemized by individual appro- staff. Commendation is also due to Mary priation or fund, may be found in the V. Slaughter of the Subject Cataloging Appendix. These statelnents may be sum- Division, who organized the ~vorkof trans- marized as follows. ferring the sheet shelflist to card form; to .4 gross total of $8,536,228 was available Donald C. Allen and other members of the to the Library for obligation during the filing staff of the Catalog Maintenance year. Of this sum $6,538,567 was appro- Division, for their high accoxnplish~~lent priated directly to the Library by Con- during the year; to Maude Davis and gress, $674,511 was transferred from ap- Ardala Moore of the Descriptive Catalog- propriations of other agencies, $704,525 ing Division, who shouldered unusual (including receipts from sale of photo- assignxllents during the absence of other duplicates and recordings) derived fro111 tneml~ersof the staff; to Roy H. Spillers of gifts or grants of one kind or another, and the Card Di\yision, \\rho undertook a suc- $61 8,625 was available for obligation from cessful drive on delinquent accounts, and the previous fiscal, year. to James L. IValker and Charles N. Obligations incurred during the year Hallock of the same Division. \vho con- amounted to $7,757,782, leaving an un- tributed largely to increased production of ol~ligated l~alanceof $778,446, of which the last year. $621,829 is availal~lefor obligation during I ~vish,too, to mention particularly the 1948; and $1 56,617 lapsed for obligation \vork of Henry V. Besso, who undertook a purposes. task of ackno\vledged dificulty and esact- The $621?829 remaining availal~le for ing deadlines for the completion of the obligation during 1948 includes $1 43,254 Guides to the legal materials and official for the purchase of books and other lil~rary publications of the Latin A~nericancoun- material under the appropriation title tries, and brought it to a successful con- "Increase of the Library of Congress, clusion. Mildred Louden of the Rare General, 1947 and 1948"; $48,293 for Books Division and Faustine Dennis of the the purchase of law books under the appro- Microfilm Reading Room continued their priation title "Increase of the Library of valiant and valuable campaigns of main-' Congress, Law Library, 1947 and 1948"; taining record-control of the contents of $4,197 by transfer from the Department those extensive and difficult collections. of State for the operation of the American John I. Mechan, by personal efforts, made Music Loan Library Project; $25,062 IIV it possible fbr the Tabulating Ofice to transfer from the Ofice of Scientific Re- meet all sched~~les,though with a 38 per- search and Development for receiving, cent increase in work. sorting, cataloging, classifying and dis- Finally, I should be remiss if I did not tributing the technical reports of its con- acknowledge the indebtedness which the tractors; $12,000 from the War Depart- Institution owes to several members of the ment and $102,477 from the Navy De- staff, whom I have asked to assume un- partment remaining unoblipated out of the usual burdens of responsibility: Francis X. transfers mentioned helow; and $286,576 Dwyer as Acting Law Librarian and in trust accounts. John 147. Cronin and Mortimer Taube as Gifts for immediate expenditure received temporarily in charge of the Acquisitions during the year included $6,000 from the Department. Air Power League (now the National Air CHART OF ORGANIZATION AND STAFF OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

October 31, 1947

(Eacluding Fellows adConaullanh, Honwory and O~hawiw,No1 Paid From Appopiated Funds)

Luther H. Evans

CHIEF ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN

Vana W. Clopp

IPB 1P6 lCAF12 ICAFV ICAFS

INFORMAnON AND WBLlCAnONS OFFICE

Milton M. Plumb, Jr., Inlmtia ~d Pvblic~tions0Hoc.r

1 CAFV 1 CAF4 1 CAF? 1 CAF S 2CAF 3

ISTRAnM DEPARTMENT Emw S. GiHrh. Dinctu

J. C. L. AAaaen, H*o&uort**s Advanced R*wn

Donold G. Prm*non.

Edrad A. Finlo*1on, Chiel Anhut W. Hummel. Chiel David J. Haykin. Chiel Lucnl. M Mach, Chwl

Lx.1 Hertory ond Gen.alopy

1 CAF 7 1 SP5

13P3 1CAF3 21 P? 1 CAF 9 DIVISION FOR THE BLlN GUARD DlVlSlON (BPI 195 Xenopha P. Smith, D,t.ct

VETERANS' PROJECT PRINTS AND PHOTO- FredsticL R. GoH, Chiel Ebi. ROCLIWO~,Ui.1 Abraham L. Konine*in. GRAPHS DIVISION Srmou, LuhaLy. Chid Jenniny Wood. Ch1.1 Paul Vande~bilt,Acting Chiel Conno1 Dnpotch tP4 1CAF6 L~olLoon Ltrnron 1 P6 1 CAF IPS lOP1 ICAFS 1P4 SSP6 lCAF4 3P3 79'5 1CAF3 ?P? 6SP4 SCPC3 2P2 4SPl ?Car: 693 AND GROUNDS G.ug.A.Pu,h., J,., Dinou d Pmonn.1

3CAF11 1CAF6 SCAF3 Joleph E Hall. Heod lCAFV 6CAFS ?PI 1PJ 4SPS lP3 lSP4

D-Id C. Holmn, Chid tP5 ICAFV 6CAF

768318 0 - 48 (Pace p. 88) ADMINISTRATION, PERSONNEL, FINANCE 87

Council) for a series of lectures on \.arious sonian Institution to found in each place aspects of aviation; $1,000 from the A~neri- a "Henry Kirkc Porter hllemorial Fund." can Council of Learned Societies to defray An additional $2,588 from Mrs. Mrhittall c:spenses of travel to England, France, and was also added to the principal of the Italy in connection with microfilming Gertrude Clarke Whittall Foundation. projects; $659.85 fro111 the American Li- Inconle from the holdings of the Liljrary Ijrary Association for making a study of of Congress Trust Fund Board amounted its international activities: $1.000 from an to $91,962. The Permanent Loan -4c- anonymous donor for the Thomas Mann count in the Treasury amounted at the lecture at the Library of Congress on end of the year to $1,907,994-an increase April- 29, 1947; from Mrs. Elizabeth o\.cr the previous year of $400,847. The Sprague Coolidge, $3,925 for concerts income for the year was $74,988 as held under the auspices of the Elizal~eth compared with $56,345 for the pre\-ious Sprague Coolidge Foundation; $8,825 year. The Investment Account at the from the Joint Con~~nitteeon Documents end of the year was valued at $133,671- of the American Library Association and the incorne for the year being $1 6,974.3 of thc .4ssociation of Research Lil~rarics The total endowment held by the Library for the Documents Espediting Pro-ject : of Congress Trust Fund Board ivas thus $500 through a l~equestof Richard Loel, $2,041,665. for the purchase of material on American Of the $674,511 transferred to the government; $600 from the Middle East Library cluring the year from other govcrn- Institute for the preparation of a bibliogra- ment agencies, $145,694 was from the phy on the Middle East; $60 fro111 the Pa- Department of State for projects in connec- cific Council, Institute of Pacific Relations, tion with the program for Coopera tion with towards the publication of a bibliography the Other .4rnerican Repul~lics;$400,817 on southeast Asia; from Mrs. Gertrude from the Veterans' Administration for Clarkc MThittall, $4,900 for musical con- distril~utingsurplus testbooks for the use certs and $20,000 for the purchase of music of veterans pursuing educational or train- nlanuscripts from the Stonborough Col- ing courses; $12,000 from the \\'ar De- lection. There were received from li- partment for bibliographic \vork for the I~raries,uni\?crsities and other institutions .Joint Research and Development Board; additional sums amounting to $1 69,158 and $1 16,000 from the Navy Department to~vardthe espenses of the Cooperative for bibliographic and library services on Acquisitions Project. behalf of the Office of Naval Research. No new endowments were received by During the year there was deposited in the Trust Fund Board during the year. the Treasury of the United States as ~nis- However, there was deposited in the cellaneous receipts $61 3,021 from the sale Perrnanen t Loan Account an arnoun t of $290,500, the Library's share of the of card indexes, $434,8 16 fro111 copyright ~roceedsfrom the sale. mentioned in mv fees, and $13,212 from other sources: a iast Annual Report, of the property a; of 81,061y049. 16th and I Streets N. W., \vhich bras During the year the Photoduplication given in 1938 by R$iss Annie-hJay Hege- Service Revolving Fund received $308,576, man in memory of her stepfather, the and incurred obligations amounting to late Henry and of which 3 lncl~drs$9,600 in the Hlintington Fund, rht the proceeds were be betitreen Prir~iPalof zuhirh is nor held by the Library 2 Con- the Library of Congress and the Smith- gress Trrrst Fund Board. 90 REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, 1347

$278,203. Assets at the end of the year hand. Statements of the operations of amounted to $65,991, not including ac- these units appear in the Appendix. counts receivable in the amount of During the year the Disbursing Oficer $28,000 and equipment and supplies on of the Library issued 5,946 U. S. Savings hand. The receipts of the Re\yolving Bonds, having a maturity value of Fund of the Recording Laboratory during $242,025. As of June j0, 1947 there were the year amounted to $31,520, and 545 enlployees participating in the pay obligations incurred amounted to $26,483. roll deduction plan for the purchase of The capital of the fund at the end of the l~onds?or 35 percent of the total xlumber of year amounted to $5,470. This does not employees. The proportion of the gross include accounts recei\rat~lein the arnount pay roll in\-ested in these bonds amounted of $10,854 and equipment and supplies on to 3.9 percent. THE COPYRIGHT OFFICE

REPORT TO THE LIBRARIA3 OF CONGRESS BY TfIE REGISTER OF COPYRIGHTS

IR: The Copyright business and the 334,856 pieces, an increase of 49,807, or S work of the Copyright Office for the 16 percent over the total of 305,049 re- fiscal year July 1, 1946 to June 30, 1947, cei\~ed in fiscal year 1946. Of these, inclusive, are sun~marizedas follows: 205,827 \\-ere transferred to the collections of the Library. Copies of motion pictures Coniit~ztingI~zcrense in Bztsiness recei\.ed during the year, totaling 3,884, It was anticipated that the esperience of iverc returned to the claimants after ex- the Copyright Office with respect to the arnination under the arrangement entitling amount of business transacted during and the Lil~raryat a sul>sequent date to claim after the second \\'orld War might dupli- one copy for its collections. Deposits in cate the pattern of \Vorld War I. This acl\.ance of publication, effected under an has occurred. During both wars the arrangement with American l~ook pub- number of re gist ratio^.^^ fell off markedly, lishers to expedite the issuance of catalog only to rise rapidly to new high totals at carcis, increased from 1,091 to 1,345 during their conclusion. For fiscal year 1946 1 the year. reported a total of 202,144 registrations- 10 percent more numerous than in any Adjlrst~nentsto Inc~easein Bzrsiness single previous year. For fiscal year 1947 .At the heginning of the past fiscal year I have a si~nilarreport to make: registra- there were arrears of ivork in some phases tions totaled 230,21 5-representing a fur- of the operations of the Office nearly as ther increase of 14 percent over the year high as 50,000 titles. These arrearages immediately preceding. Ivere reduced more than a third during There were corresponding increases in the year, in spite of the 16 percent increase receipts and earnings. Gross receipts in deposits. The reduction has been ac- totaIed $471,119.41-an increase of 16 complished in several ways-through im- percent; and of this amount $442,626.10 provements in the organizational structure was credited during the year as fees earned of the Ofice, through revision of proce- for registrations and other services. dures and forms, and through the con- The principal increases of registrations tinued training and recruitment of the occurred in the categories of domestic staff to handle these changed procedures. books, pamphlets. ~nusical conipositions, In my last Annual Report I described the periodicals and neivspapers, and commer- organizational changes being effected to cial prints and labels. Because of con- render the operqtions of the Copyright tinued paper shortages, and disturbed Office more efficient, and to take ad- conditions abroad. it is I~elievedthat both vantage of certain opportunities for the domestic and foreign registrations of books elinlination of duplicative work as between and pamphlets ha\-e not yet reached their the Office and other units of the Library. normal peace time \-olume. These changes have now been cox~lpleted Materials deposited in accordance with and the present grouping of the various provisions of the Copyright Act numbered units of the Ofice into four di\-isions of ! 9 1 92 REPORT OF THE LIBKARI.4N OF CONGRESS, 1947

Service, Examining. Refercncc and Cata- 15,005 were for music, 3,039 for maps and loging perrnits more eficient supervision the remainder for panlphlets. of the varied acti\-ities. simplification of Further economies were realized 11): routines and procedures, and impro\-cd reducing the number of forms in use and , service to the public. by estending the use' of the coml>inecl Particularly in the Cataloging Division application-certificate for~n. This for111 a strenuous effort has been xnadc to fill the eliminates a separate copying operation in positions needed to handle the various the issuancc of a certificate, with a result- language and form problems presented ing improvement in speed and accuracy. by the copyright deposits, to fill out the Ten of these forms ha\re replaced twenty- plan of organization. and to devise pro- six forms previously in use, and additional cedures for accelerating the \vork. This i~nprovedforms are in proccss of prepara- Division has four sections; t~voarc assigned tion. to the handling of books and nus sic; a third treats eleven cIasscs of misccllancous The Cata/og nf m,sig/ll Entries nlatcrials such as motion pictures. aclvcr- The Copyright Officc is required by law tiscments, maps, etc., in thrce units: and to print at periohc intervals a catalog of the fourth is responsible for the prcpara- the titles of articlcs deposited and rcgis- tion of cumulative catalogs. The Division tered for copyright, together \vi th suital~lc as a n?hole is respo~lsiblcfor cataloging the indexes. Hitherto it has been the practice copyright deposits and for the preparation of the Ofice to issue catalogs for cach class and issuance of the published catalogs of of entries in monthly issues \vith an annual the Office. Its proccdurcs must be ad- indcs. The increase in the number of justed, if duplication of \vork is to be registrations and the increased cost of avoided, to those of several divisions in the printing have cornpelled revision of this Library. RfIuchprogress has been made in practice during the past year in favor of this direction. The Division participated the issuance of a single annual volume in the preparation of preliminary rules for with an index for each class of entries. the cataloging of maps, motion pictures, Before the close of the fiscal ycar catalogs prints and photographs. Neiv rules for for all classcs of registrations for the calen- descriptive cataloging of Library materials dar year 1946, with the csccption of \\.ere reviewed, and their use was initiated. periodicals, hacl been sent to the Govern- The form of catalog entries for all classifica- ment Printing Office. Due to the rising tions was simplified. During the past year costs of printing it may be necessary to this Division cataloged 186,538 items, withhold fro111 annual pul~licationcatalogs involving the preparation of 1,084,533 of certain of the categories which are least cards. Techniques were developed with in demand. Meanwhile studies are being a view to producing, in one operation, du- given to methods by which the costs of plicate copies of catalog cards as ivell as publication can be reduced, and publica- copy for production of the annual catalog tion itself rendered lnore effective. Also by the photo-offset method. On October in view of the fact that the present printing 14, 1946, the Ofice 1,cgan to supply copy funds will not permit the continuance of for the Library's printed catalog cards, and the issue of monthly catalogs with annual by the end of the fiscal year it prepared indexes as in the past, the Office is arrang- 7,280 such entries. -4s a part of this ing to offer its cards for registrations in work it made 11,270 preliminary entries, music, as well as cards in certain other corrected 3,340 other entries, and supplied classes, to those interested in their current 19,884 entries in briefer style of which receipt on a cooperative basis. THE COPYRIGHT OFFICE

Legal Aspects motion picturcs as dramatic compositions does not govern Section 1 (d) of the The rules and regulations of the Copy- Copyright .Act, but Section 5 which sets right Office, last pul~lishedon Octol~er1, up a classification system for convenience 1941 under the title Code of Federal Regrtlotions of tlie Co/yri,n/l/ O$ce have of registration. In still another (S/lapiro, Bern.r/ein 3' Co., Inc. v. Jtrr)' Yogel rtirtsic Co., been under study during the year with a view to the early issuance of a much needed 161 F. (2d) 406, C. C. -4. 2, 1946) the revision. This review has necessitated the court held that the words and music of a study of numerous legal questions, such as musical composition are not separat~lefor the form and position of the copyright copyright purposes; that the composer notice in the case of published motion and lyricist are joint authors, either of of' pictures, the factors which determine a which "had the statutory privilege book to 11e of foreign origin, and the ques- renc~val,and, if he did renew, he did so tion whether unpublished maps and other for both." The court also held that a unpublished material nlay be registered. deposit of the work in the twenty-seventh One of these questions, ~vhetherthe edit- year of the copyright term was valid. ing of music creates copyrightable material, which has led to considerable corrcspond- ence ovcr the years ivith applicants for. The only completed legislation of the registration, \\.as the sul~jectof an esten- year was the enactment of the codification sive study 11y Mr. Louis C. Smith, senior of present copyright la\c as Title 17 of the attorney, who has concluded that such United States Code, \\-hen the bill H. R. material shoulcl II~rcgistered. Copies of 2083 \\-as approved by the President on his recommendation, in the form of a July 30, 1947 and became Public Law 281. I~rief,have I~ecnsul~mitted to interested This act codifies the misting la\\- \vithout attorneys and pul~lishersfor comment be- sul~stantivc change other than a new fore a final decision is ~nadeconcerning arrangclncnt and renumbering of the the clcsiral~ility of re\-oking the present sections. The Copyright Office \\-as given regulation preventin% copyright reyistra- the opportunity to revie\\. and approve tion of edited music. its adoption. A new Brtlletin of Decisions of United Stntes A numl~er of I~ills received attention Cozlrts Involving C~/prig/i~during the years during the year. H. R. 2860 (a bill to 1944-45 and part of 1946 \tras cornpiled provicle protection for textile fal~ricsand during the year and sent to the Govern- designs) \\-as reported favorably on July rllent Printing Office. 19, 1947 11y the Subcommittee on Patents, A number of legal cases afCecting the Traclemarks and Copyrights of the House work of the Office were decided during Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 1270, the year. In one of these (Brozon lnstrttrnent a bill to. proieide copyright protection for Co. v. Ftrarner, 161 F. (2d) 91 0, App. D. C.. acoustic recordings, \\-as adversely reported on July 18, 1947. The same Subcommit- 1947) the court upheld the action of the tee also gave extensii-e consideration to Register of Copyrights in refusing registra- H. R. 1269> a bill declaring all nus sic tion to temperature and pressure recording played on coin operated machines subject charts on the ground that these were to public performance for profit under merely blank forms. In another (Universal Section 1 (e) of the Copyright Act. H. R. Pictures v. Harold Lloycf? 73 U. S. P. Q. 317, 41 86, passed by the House on July 25, C. C. A. 9, 1947) the court held that the 1947, prohibiting the unauthorized use of rule of the Copyright Office regarding the official seal and name of the United 94 REPORT OF THE LIBRrIKIAN OF CONGRESS, 1347

hTations, pernlits any valid and sul~sisting in the interchange of intellectual and trademark or copyright in that name or its artistic works, should not be abandoned abbreviation or emblem to continue for or modified without careful consideration. the remaining period, but not to be In many details, the Vnitecl States copy- renewed. right law and administrative procedure In the closing days of the first session of can undoubtedly be improved to the ad- the Eightieth Congress, in accordance with vantage of all interests concerned with the recomn~endationsof the House .Appro- - copyright, I~utjudged l~yresults in their priations Committee, H. R. 4052 was broadest aspect, basic Vnitcd States copy- introduced-a bill to authorize increases right law and policy may well bear favor- in the fees for copyright registration, aide comparison with any other copyright charges for searches, and the price of the systems. Catalog of Cofyright Eritries. No action has On July 17, 1947, the Inter-American as yet been taken on this bill. Convention on the Rights of the Author in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works, I~lter~~atio~lalCo/ysi,oht which was signed by the delegates to the Problems of international copyright are Inter-American Conference of Experts on closely related to the broader sul~jectof Copyright at the Pan -4merican Union on international exchange of intellectual and ,June 1-22, 1946, was presented by Presi- artistic works, and it is obvious, therefore. dent Truman to the Senate of the United that sound solutions of international copy- States with a favorable recommendation right problems may he an important for ratification. factor in better international undcrstand- On November 4, 1946, also, the Presi- ing and the maintenance of peace; while dent submitted to the Senate a proposed failure to establish good international Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navi- copyright relations may be an important gation with China, pro\riding that na- factor in the opposite direction. The tionals i~fthe United States shall be settlements marking the end of l\Torld afforded the same copyright treatment as \Var I1 have reopened many earlier copy- afforded by China to its nationals. This right arrangements. The present world protection does not extend to translations. situation makes desirable the reconsidera- A similar copyright clause has been pro- tion of the international copyright policy posed in a treaty between the United of the United States and its relationship to States and Italy. The President, by the copyright policies of other countries. proclamation, has extended indefinitely Such consideration must take into account the time for securing ad interim copyright not only the importance of promoting in- and renewal of copyright by nationals and ternational understanding and principles citizens of France and New Zealand. The underlying the domestic copyright legis- proclamation for France was dated March lation of other countries and the conven- 27, 1747, and for New Zealand, April 24, tions and treaties to which they are parties, 1747. but also the basic principles underlying The Brussels meeting, called by the Inter- the copyright policy and constitutional and national Copyright Union at Berne for statutory provisions of the United States. consideration of the modification of the The basic principle of the United States Rome Convention of June 2, 1928, was copyright policy, namely pron~otionof the originally scheduled before the war. It public interest, together with definiteness was later set for the fall of 1947, but has in determination of individual property again been postponed pending the signing THE COPYRIGHT OFFICE

United States has indicated .its intention States, nqw Section 9 of Title 17 of the to be represented at the Brussels con- United States Code. Similar questions lerence, but has recommerlded for the have been raised by copyright decisions present the postponement of the meeting. in the Netherlands. Any analysis of the Meanwhile also, the treaties of peace copyright law of the USSR must also with Hungary arid Italy have raised ques- gi~econsidera tion to the practical effect tions as to the possibility of continuance, of the administrative, financial, and in- under existing laiv and conditions in those dustrial controls exercised over the ma- countries, of previous copyright arrange- terials and sul~ject matter with which ments. A review is required to determine copyrights are concerned, with particular whether current judicial decisions and consideration to the matter of transla- adnlinistration afford the protection to tions. United States authors and copyright I append the usual tat~lesshowing the owners contemplated by former Section state of the copyright business and the 8 of the Copyright Law of the United work of the Office.

REGISTRATION BY SUBJECT MATTER CLASSES FOR THE FISCAL YE.4RS I413 TO 1417, INCLUSIVE

Class Subject matter of copyright 1947 1946 1945 1 1944 1943 ----- A Books: (a) Printed in the United States: Books proper...... 9,903 7,679 6,962 7,585 8,658 Pamphlets, leaflets, etc...... 34, 940 30, 554 27, 936 27,683 27,558 Contributions to newspapers and periodicals...... 4,400 5,504 4,856 4,730 3,568 ----- Total...... 49,243 43,737 39,754 39,998 39,784 (6) Printed abroad in a foreign language. .. 3,970 3,513 111 82 156 (c) English books registered for ad interim copyright...... 712 610 679 602 517 ----- Total...... 53,925 47,860 40,544 40,682 40,457 B Periodicals (numbers)...... 58,340 48,289 45,763 44,364 42,995 C Lectures, sermons, addresses...... 972 1, 129 1,177 1,126 629 D Dramatic or dramatico-musical compositions. . 6,456 5, 356 4,714 4,875 3,687 E Musical compositions...... 68,709 63,367 57,835 52,087 48,348 I? Maps...... 1,779 1,304 857 494 737 G Works of art, models, or designs...... 4,044 3,094 1,821 1,743 1,649 H Reproductions of works of art...... 540 317 186 173 221 I Drawings or plastic works of a scientific or technical character...... 2,147 1,777 1,554 1,957 1,911 J Photographs...... 1,838 1,752 1,258 1,270 1,042 KK Commercial prints and labels...... 9,674 7,975 7,403 5,953 5,385 K Prints and pictorial illustrations...... 6, 506 5, 384 2, 634 2,426 2, 317 L Motion picture photoplays...... 666 774 615 604 693 M Motion pictures not photoplays...... 1,418 1,250 1, 120 1,268 1,074 RR Renewals of commercial prints and labels. .... 2 1 33 30 44 20 R Renewals of all other classes...... ----- 13, 180 12,483 11, 337 10,203 9,630 Total...... 230, 202,144 178,848 169,269 160,789 96 REPOR'T OF THE LIBR:\RIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947

NUbIBER OF ARTICLES DEPOSITED DURING THE FISCAL YEARS.1943 TO 1047, INCLUSIVE

- -I ;\ j Rooks: i (a) Printcd in the United States: I Bookspropc-r-...... 19.806 15,358 13.924 15,170 17,316 i Pamphlets, Icaflcts, ctc ...... 69, 880 6 1, 108 55, 872 55, 366 55, 116 Contributions to newspapers and i periodicals...... 4.410 5,504 4,878 4,746 3,568 1 ----- Total...... 94,096 81,970 74,674 75,282 76,000 i ----- ' (b) Printed abroad in a forcign language. . 3. 970 3, 660 113 82 156 (c) Englis11 books rcgistelcd for ad interim ' 1 copyright ...... 713 610 655 602 517 I - Total...... 98,779 86,240 75,442 75,966 76,673

ppppp 13 1 Periodicals...... 116, 680 96,578 91,526 88,736 85,990 C j Lccturcs, serxnons, ctc...... 972 1, 129 1, 177 1, 126 629 D / Dralnatic or dra~natico-111usicalco~npositions. . 7, 056 5,877 5, 182 5,278 4, 190 E h,lusical compositions...... 79.428 72,824 67,173 61,060 57,343 F ; hlaps...... 3,526 2,558 1,709 977 1,462 G 1 \Vorks of art, models, or dcsigns...... 5,454 3, 938 2, 392 2,419 2,277 H 1 Reproductions of works of art...... 1,064 596 341 319 393 I I Drawings or plastic works of a scientific or I tccllnical character...... 3: 014 2,375 2,017 2,514 2,698 J / Photographs...... 2,982 2,605 l, 953 1,893 1,655 ..... 31. 848 26. 344 19, 780 16, 508 15, 329 2: 2: i}~rints, labels, and pictorial illustrations. L hiotion picture photoplays...... 1, 312 1, 545 1, 228 1,208 1, 386 h.1 h,lotion pictures not photoplays...... 2,741 2,440 2, 172 2, 334 2,098 ------Total...... 354,856 305,049 272,092 260,338 252,123 THE COPYRIGHT OFFICIE 97

CROSS RECEIPIS, ETC., SINCE JULY 1, IS!); Since July 1, 1897, the date of organization of the Copyright Oficc, the total registrations have been 7,017,762 and the total rcccipts for fees $9,382,737.70. The figurcs, ycar by ycar, appear in the following table:

STATEMENT OF CROSS CASE1 RECEIPTS, YEARLY FEISS, NUMRER OF REGISTRATIOSS, ETC., FOR 50 FISCAL YEARS

Gross Yearly fees Number of' 1 Increase in Decrease in Year receipts applied registrations registrations registrations -- 1897-98...... $61,099. 56 855,926.50 75,545 ...... 1898-99...... 64,185.65 58,267.00 80,968 5.423 ...... 1899-1900...... 71,072.33 65,206.00 94,798 13,830 ...... 1900-1901...... 69,525.25 63,687.50 92,351 ...... 2,441 1901-2...... 68,405.08 64,687.00 92,978 627 ...... 1902-3 ...... 71,533.91 68,874.50 97. 979 5,001 ...... 1903-4...... 75,302.83 72,629.00 103, 130 5.151 ...... 1904-5...... 80,440.56 78,058.00 113.374 10,244 ...... 1905-6 ...... 82,610.92 80,198.00 117,704 4,330 ...... 1906-7...... 87,384.31 84,685.00 123.829 6,125 ...... 1907-8...... 85,042.03 82,387.50 119,742 ...... 4,087 1908-9...... 87,085. 53 83,816.75 120. 131 389 ...... 1909-10 ...... 113,662.83 104,644.95 109,074 ...... 11,057 1910-11...... 113,661.52 109,913.95 115. 198 6,124 ...... 1911-12...... 120,149.51 116,685.05 120.93 1 5,733 ...... 1912-13 ...... 118,968.26 114,980.60 119.495 ...... 1,436 1913-14 ...... 122,636.92 120,219.25 123,154 3,659 ...... 1914-15 ...... 115,594.55 111,922.75 115,193 ...... 7,961 1915-16 ...... 115,663.42 112,386.85 115,967 774 ...... 1916-17...... 113,808.51 110,077.40 111,438 ...... 4,529 1917-18 ...... 109,105.87 106,352.40 106,728 ...... 4,710 1918-19...... 117,518.96 113,118.00 113,003 6,275 ...... 1919-20 ...... 132.371.37 126,492.25 126,562 13,559 ...... 1920-21...... 141.199. 33 134,516.15 135.280 8,718 ...... 1921-22 ...... 145,398.26 138,516.15 138.633 3,353 ...... 1922-23...... 153,923.62 149.297.00 148.946 10.313 ...... 1923-24...... 167,705.98 162,544.90 162,694 13,748 ...... 1924-25 ...... 173.97 1.95 166,909.55 165,848 3,154 ...... 1925-26...... 185.038.29 178.307.20 177,635 11,787 ...... 1926-27...... 19 1,375. 16 184,727.60 184,000 6,365 ...... 1927-28...... 201,054.49 195, 167.65 193,911 9,914 ...... 1928-29...... 322,135.82 308,993.80 161,959 ...... 31,955 1929-30...... 336,980.75 327.629.90 172,792 10,833 ...... 1930-31 ...... 312,865.41 309,414.30 164,642 ...... 8,150 1931-32 ...... 284,719.20 280,964.90 151,735 ...... 12,907 1932-33...... 254,754.69 250,995.30 137,424 ...... 14,311 1933-34...... 258.829.53 251,591.50 139,047 1,623 ...... 1934-35...... 269,348.8 1 259,881.70 142.031 2,984 ...... 1935-36...... 293,149.82 285,206.90 156,962 14,931 ...... 1936-37 ...... 295,313.24 280,541.40 154,424 ...... 2,538 1937-38...... 326,326.67 298,799.60 166.248 11,824 ...... 1938-39...... 330,466. 37 306,764.40 173,135 6,887 ...... 1939-40...... 341,061.35 320,082.90 176>997 3,862 ...... 1940-41 ...... 347, 125.35 347,430.60 180.647 3,650 ...... 1941-42...... 376,906.63 351,158.10 182,232 1,585 ...... 1942-43 ...... 324,300.99 306,836.70 160,789 ...... 21,443 1943-44...... 333,270.24 319,466.30 169,269 8,480 ...... 1944-45...... 367.402.04 338,812.90 178,848 9,579 ...... 1945-46...... 405,740.58 379,738.00 202, 144 23,296 ...... 1946-47 ...... 471,119.41 442,626.10 230,215 28,07 1 ...... Total...... 9,808,313.66 9,382,737.70 7,017,762 ...... 98 KEPOKT OF 'I'HE L1BR:IRI:lN OF CONGRESS. 1947

SULILIARY OF COPYRICIIT BUSINES5. FISCAL \'E?\R 1!)47 Balance on hand July 1. 1946...... $34.725.71 Gross receipts July 1. 1946 to June 30. 1947...... '...... 471.119.41 Total to be accounted for ...... 565.845.12 --. Refunded ...... $23,866.63 Checks returned unpaid ...... 201.29 Deposited as earned fees ...... 434,816.20 Balance carried over to July 1. 1947: Fees earned in June 1947 but not deposited until July 1947. . $37. 123. 10 Unfinished business balance ...... 15.001.62 Deposit accounts balance ...... 54.836.28 106,961.UU - 565.845. 12 -...--.-- Fees Received Registrations for prints and labels ...... 9. 674 at $6.00 $58.044.00 Registrations for published works ...... 141. 065 at $2.00 282. 130.00 Registrations for published photographs without ccrtificatcs ...... 608 at $1 .00 608.00 Registrations for unpublished works ...... 65. 667 at $1.00 65.667.00 Registrations for renc\vals of prints and labcls ...... 21 at $6.00 126.00 Registrations for renewals. all other classes...... 13. 180 at $1.00 13. 180.00 Total number of registrations ...... 230. 215 Fees for registrations ...... 419.755.00 Fees for recording 5. 252 assignments...... E 15.000.00 Fees for indesing 19.181 transfers of proprietorship ...... 1. 918. 10 Fees for certified documents ...... 1.843.00 Fees for notices of user recorded ...... 633.00 Fees for searches made at $1 per hour of time consumed ...... 3.477.00 22,871.10

Respectfully submitted . SAM BASSWARNER. Register of Cofiyrighls. APPENDICES

Appendix I. Report of the Library of Congress Planning Conllllittee

DEARSIR: The Library of Congress Planning Committee, which you appointed last autumn, submits herewith its report for presentation to the Congressional Joint C:ommittee on the Library. The preparation of this rcport completes the assignment of the Cornmittcc, but it should be made clear that its members stand rcady to answer any questions put to thcm and to assist the Joint Committee in any way possible in connection with the report. The Planning Committee, in accordance with your request. has addressed itself to the whole problem of the future of the Library of Congress. This has been clone in a spirit of free inquiry. Every important issue has been pursuecl wherever it might lead, regardless of established policies or points of view of agencies or institutions whose interests might be involved in the findings. The Committee has been convinced that you and your collca~uesat the Library of Congress clcsire a direct, fresh, and unprejudiced csamination of the future rolc of the Library, and your staff has given its support in this spirit. The same fine coopcration has come from representatives of ayencics and institutions, both governmental and non-govcrnmcntal. with trhoni the C:ommittcc has takcn counsel or from whom it has requested specific information. :Is a result, the Committee has been able in a relatively short time to arrive at its conclusions and to make recommcnclations concerning the rolc the Library of Congress should play in the affairs of the cation. The rolc has been important in the past. but it should be even more important in the future. The Com- mittee has tested tentative drafts of its recommendations by having thcm discussed in meetings of a considerable number of library and scholarly associations. These discussions have been helpful in bringing out the views of a group much broader than the Committee itself. \Ve are glad to rcport that the consideration givcn the reco~nmendationsby these groups of librarians and scholars has been followed by practically unanimous support of the Committee's proposals. Respectfully submitted. KEYESD. METCALF,Chairnlan. HERBERTEUGENEBOLTON. ED\VARDU. CONDON. DOUGLASSOUTHALLFREEMAN. \~..~LDoG. LELAND. ~VILMARTHS. LEWIS. CARLMCFARLAND. KATHRYNMIER. LESSINCJ. ROSEN~ALD. RALPHR. SHA\V. \V.~L.TERL. \YRIGHT,JR. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS I'LANNING COhlfRIIITTEE REPORT

This Committee \\.as appointed 11y the I.il~rarian nation tht- schrviccs \vl~ic!iit is rccommcncicd that of Congrcss to consicicr \\hat should 11c the func- the Library of Congrcss should provide, and that tions of the 1,ibrary. and to prcparr a rcl~ot-ton thcsc services, hccausc of their lack of cc~traliza- tlicm to be sul~mittctlto the C:onqrcssional Joint tion and of connection with the grcatcst collection Com~iiittccon the Lil~rary. 'I'lic- report is prc- of books ant1 otlicr matcrials in the nation, \\fill be st-ntcd hcrc\vith and. if it is approvcci in this or less satisfactory and more cspcnsive than if the-y in a rcviscd forln, the C:otnrnittcc hopcs tliat it were proviclccl by tlic Library of Congress. Thc \\.ill scrvc as a I~asisfor a Charter for tlic Library Committcc brlievcs that the nation will fincl it of Congrcss which \\.ill providc thc Icgislativc difficult, if not impossible, to discharqc important ai~tliorization rcqrlirrd for tlic prc-sent and pro- responsibilities to its citizcris ancl to the world posed activitics of tlic 1.ibrary. unless the Fcdcral Govcrnmcnt is prcparcd to set Thc Comlnittc*clias str~diccicarcfrllly the collcc- up the kinds of library scrviccs \vhich arc proposed, tions and scrviccs of the 1,il)rary ancl is itnprcssccl ant1 the Coln~nittcesincerely hopcs that the rccom- wit11 wl~atthc 1.ibrar.y lias done and can do for mendations here prc.scntcd \\.ill bc given the most thc nation. 'I'lic Comlnittcc is convincc.cl that the carefill consiclcration by the Congrcss. , actual status of tiic Library as a National 1,ibrary I- he report clocs not attempt to consider the sho111d I)r officially rrcognizccl in its narnc ant1 aclmi~listrativc organization or ;-outincs of the tliat it shoulci I,t. clr.sigrlated "-l'li(. I,il>rary of 1,il~rat-yof Congrcss, ancl it clocs not deal clircctly Coligrrss, tlic National 1,il)rary of the Unitccl wit11 1~uclgc.t questions. It has 1,c.t-n rcducccl to Statcs of ;\nicrica." the I~ricfcsttcrlns. In it tlic Cornmittcc rccoln- Thc Com~nittcc1~clic.vc.s tliat tlic lit~raryncccls mends action along tlircc lines as follo\vs: of the Congrc*ss and of tlic otlicr agencies of the I. 'I'hc Corntnittcc rccommcnds that the Con- Fcderal Govcrnlncnt and of tlic country at large gressional Joint Cotnmittc*con the Library ask thc \\.ill l~cscr\.cd by furtlicr strcnqthening this Co11grt-ss to : institr~tion,and it rcbco~nlncnclsthat thc LilIrary :\. liccognizc 1,)- licsol~~tionthat tlic Library unclcrtakc. additional duties and sc-rviccs, \\?liicli. of Congress is in fact tlic National I.il,rary of thc as prAcntly constitutrd, it can neither rrndcrtakc Unitccl Statcs, and that. \\.hcncvcr its name nor perform, 11ut \vhicli arc ~)ropc~.lytl~c functions appears in print on ofticia1 pi~l~licationsor on its of the Nati~nalT,il~l-ary. own lcttc~rliraci. it 11c stated as "'l'hc- Library of 'I'l~c pl~rposc-of a national library is to tnakc the Conqrcss, the National I,il~rary of the Unitccl \\.orld's acculnulation of t~scfill kno\vlcdqc avail- Statcs of .\~ncrica". al~lcfor national ncccls. :\s the National I.il~rary H. liccognizc thc :\rtny h4cclical LilIrary and of the United Statcs, the 1,il)rary of Congress the I,iI,rary of the Drpartmcnt of :\griculture as should clcvclop its gcncral rcsourcrs to a point Libraricss giving National Scrvicc in a Special I~cyondthosc in any other library, makc its collcc- Ficlcl. tions known and availal>lc to tlic pcoplc of tlic C. liccognizc tllc responsibility of tlic Lil~rarian LTnitcd Statcs, ancl supplcmcnt tlic: collcctions and of Congrcss to j~rovidc other Fcdcral ;\gcncics cncorlragc tlic. work of otlicr libraries in the \~itlimaterials that thosc agcncics clo not need Lrnitcd Statcs. ;It present the Library is not ahlc for frequent use and do not have in their own to carry on any of thcsc functions satisfactorily. collcctions. Its collcctions in many areas arc. too limited: D. Establish a council, co~nmittcc or other thcrc are scrious arrcaragcs in cataloging ancl organization to coordinate the activities of the making availal~lcmaterial already at liancl: and Fcdcral libraries. This organization shoulcl be the st-rvicc of the collcctions is inadcqtratc in crnp~\\,~rcci,wlicn it believes it to bc in the national many fields interest, to proposc to the Congress recognition TIic Com~nittcchclicvcs that a turning point in of other libraries in acldition to the Army Medical the history of the Library of Congrcss has been and the Department of :\gricult~u.c 1.ibrarics as rcachctl. If the Library fails to provide the Libraries giving National Scrvicc in a Spccial services outlined in this report, tlic Committcc- Field, and it should consider as onc of its 01)-jcctivcs be-licvcs tliat it will br necessary to l~uildclsc- such coordination among the Fcdcral lil>rarics in where in the Govcrnlncnt arid througl~or~tthe \\rasl~ingtonas \\.ill best provide t.hc several Fed- 102 APPENDICES

era1 agencies with the library materials and scrv- the long run should provc most advantageous to ices ncecled to carry on their work cficiently, the citizens of the Unitcd Statcs. 'The report un- cconornically, and without unrlcccssary duplica- avoidably brings in othcr Fcdcral librarics. It tion. docs this without any desire on the part of the E. ~Iuthorizc the Librarian of Congrcss to Committee to go into matters outside its province, establish a National Library Advisory Council to simply hecause all Fcdcral libraries, including the aici him in his relations with research librarics Lil)rary of Congrcss, arc, and shoulci be, mutually of the nation and to help in his cfibrts to avoid intcrdcpcndcnt, ant1 plans for the Library of unnecessary cluplication of the cspcnsivc library Congrcss cannot be macle satisfactorily without scrviccs to scholarship that arc handicapping the consiclering the whole Fcclcral library situation. national library program. 'I'hc C:ornmittce qocs on record emphatically 11. 'The Committee rccommcncis that the Con- that the Library of C:ongress shoi~lcinot attempt gressional Joint Committee on the Library clircct to collect inclusively csccpt in those fields for- the I,il>rarian of C:ongrc.ss to \vhich it has special responsibility. It hclicvcs :I. 'Take the Icacl in c-stablishirlg a National that, n-hilc the 1,ibrat-y shoulci have qoocl working h1anuscript Coi~ncilmade 1111 of rcprcscntativcs anci rcfcrcncc collections in practically all ficlds of r~ntional,regional, and local historical organi- of knowlecigc, there arc subjects \vhcrc inclusive zations ancl agencies, tvhosc cli~tyit will IIC to ad- coverage by other Fcdcral 1ibraric.s or by a non- vise as to the preservation and distribution of qovcrnmcntal institution is more fitting and will manuscript rnatcsrial. provc more fruitful, and its rccornmcndations arc R. Esplorc \~itllsitcll oficcrs as the Archivist made with the bcslicf that the Librarv's basic tasks of the Unitcd Statcs and the Ilircctor of the Na- arc to care for the needs of the C:ongrcss, and to tional Gallery the possibility of transferring from supplcrncnt and stirnulate other librarics in the Library of Congrcss holclings, which it ac- Washington and throughout the Unitcd States, quired in the past, but woulci not acquirc today not to replace or ahsorb them. because there arc othcr Fcclcral institutions that are more appropriate custoclians for the material. 111. The Cornmittcc rccommcncls that the 'The Cornmittcc has been urged to recommend Congressional .Joint Cornrnittcc on the Library that the namc of the Library of Congrcs5 he recognize this rcpori, after it has maclc such clrangctl to '"l'hc National Library" on the qrouncl revisions in it as it deems propcr. as a basis for a that, \vhilc it is the Library of Congress, it is also Charter for thc Library of C:ongrc.ss, \vhich tvill the National Library. Those making this pro- provide thc Icgislativc ai~tl~orizatior~rcq~~ircci for posal state that the general puhlic docs not uncicr- prcscnt and proposcci activities of the Library. stancl the prcscnt position of the Library as a In addition to these rccommcndations, the re- National Library and that the inntitiltion will port proviclcs answers to thc thrcc follo\ving never be seen in its propcr perspective until the questions: name is changed. Thc Cortlmittee docs not I. \Vhat should be the rrlatiomhip between the accept this point of view and recommends that Library of Congress and the Congrcss, and between the Library continuc to be called the Library of it and the othcr Fcdcral libraries, and what Congress, but that, to make clear that it is the services shor~ldit proriclc for the Congress, the National Library, a qualifying subtitle be added other Fcdcral librarics. anel the cmployces of \vhcnevcr the namc appears in print on official Fcdcral agencies? publications or on its own Icttcrhcad and it be 11. IVhat should be the rclationsl~ipbetween stated as follows: the Library of Congrcss and non-Federal librarics, and what services should it proviclc for those THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS librarics anti for inciivicii~alswho arc not Fcclcral ernployccs? The National Library of the Uniteel Statcs of 111. What materials shoulci the Library of America Congrcss acquirc in order to maintain thc rela- And the Committee firrthcr rccommcnds that the tionships and to provide the scrviccs proposed .Joint Cornrnittce on the Library ask the Congrcss for it? to recognize by resolution that the Library of 'These questions arc considerccl in detail in the Congress is, in fact, the Xational Library of the follo\ving pages. In approaching them, the C,om- Unitcd Statcs. mittcc has tricd to avoid preconceived notions and to deal wit11 each on its own merits. It has tricd I. Il'fi~lSltorrll bc ~/IPRr/atiot~si~if)Belzceen //re Library to find ancl state thc course of action which in of Cortgress, atid B~lzcrett It cirld the Otller Federal REPORT OF THE L1BR.-lRI.i\N OF CONGRESS, 1947

Librarips, and Jf-frat Srrrlicr Sfrorrld It Ptozirlr.for the library field. It should be understood that in Cotzgr~ss,~/IP Otfr~r Frdrral Lihralits, and the Em- this report all recommendations and provisions ployes of Ftdtral :1gc1~cics? recognize the functions of the National Archives and the National Gallery, and do not include Federal libraries other dlan the Library of of facilitin. Congress fall into two general categories. The A]] Federal libraries are mutually interdepend- first and most common of these \\.ill be termed in mt, and all government agencies slloald br able this report Agency Libraricq. -4n Agency Library to rely in large mcasllrc upon rAibrary of includes primarily material in fairly steady use congressand tile libraries national by the staff of the agency which it serves. In in fields, for material they many agencies whose functions include research, only occasionally. ~l~~ estent to tile it \\?ill also include important research material. Library of ConCress co~~ections and services are Its collections and services should be maintained developed determines to which at a high level. Its control and its content should agencies can rely upon tllat ~ i b and~ thlls~ ~ ~ , be determined by the agency itself- A~encv determines in largr mcasurc thc cstent to which librarics may, and ine\ritably ~vill,grow up in collections and in the A~~~~~ ~ i b ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ considerable numbers and, in the interest of must be developed. eficient use of staff time, practically every ~t is in tllc public interest that the United Statcs 00ver"men~ agency have One Or more have a strong national library system with the them to serve its own day-by-day staff and official IAibrary of congressas its cornerstone, a system needs. It is only when these agency libraries so designed as to Aake availal,le to government include considerable amounts of materials that material needed for work. are used infrrqumtly that unnecessary duplica- rt is t~lcrcforerecommende~that it be tion and expense begin to creep in. sibility of the Librarian of Congress to provide The second type of Federal library is one wl!ich other ~ ~ aqencicsd ~ the~ ~ thatl has a comprehcnsivc collrction in a special field, tllose do not need for frequent use and and gives national service in that field. The do not ha,,c in own co~lcctions. ~~d in .4rmy Medical Library and the Library of the to the most library Department of Agriculture fall into this group, for all it is recorn- and it is recommended that they be officially mcndrd that thr Congress estalAish 2 collncil, recognized by the Congress as Libraries giving cornmittre or other organization to coordinate Xational Service in a Special Ficld. Provision the aetivitics of the ~ ~ libraries.d official~ ~ ~ l should be macir for the recognition of other recognition of the Army hlrdical and the ~~~~~c librarics which give nahnal service in a special of ~ ~~il,~~~i~~ as~ i giving ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ field, and agroposal for procedure in such cases ~ ~service ~ in a speciali ~i~.d~ has already~ ~ l is made later in this report. been recommcndcd. and it is sugqested that this The Library of Congrcss, the National Library be Pn,po,vercd to propost. to of the United Statcs, is far more than an Agency ~ ~similar ~recognition~ of additional~ slibraries s Library or a collection in a special field. It at any tirne ,,,llcn it decides tllat tl,is is in the includes, necessarily, tremendous quantities of interest. It is further rccommcndcd that little-used material which it is in the national it as of its s,lch coordina- interest to have available in some government tion the ~ ~ librariesd in ~kvashington ~ ~ l library when it is called for. Its collections should a will best provide the several ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ l cover more or less eomprehcnsivcly all fields of ,,ith tllc library and to knowledge except those covered by the librarics on their work efficiently, cconomica~ly,and that have been recognized as giving National ,,,ithout duplication. Service in a Special Field. ils a part of the Federal library system, the While the National Archi\'es (which by law is Library of Congress should serve the Congress the depository of the records of governmental and the ot]lcr Federal libraries and agencies and agencies not in current use. and which is also a their as follows: major research government) and 1. The Library of Congress should undertake the National Gallery of Art (\vith its great for Members of Congress any and all library collections of paintings, prints, sculptures, and scr~iccs,including refercnce, research, and other other forms of art) cannot be considered primarily of service involving of the ~ i b ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ as libraries, the services which these institutions collections, whicll are by Members in give in their fields might be said to correspond the performance of their official duties. There to that given by the Library of Congress in the should be no csceptions tc this rule. Only a lack APPEND1 CES

of means to provide the necessary space, collections, .4merican research libraries, with free scrvicc of and skilled staff would justify a failure on the information from the cataloguc;agcneral informa- Library's part to meet such dcmantls. tion service in regard to the authors, titles, and 2. The Library of Congress should provide upon subjects of books that are found in the Lil~raryor request, reference and lending service for Govern- are recorded in books that arc in the 1,ibrary of ment Agencies. It should furnish the agencies Congress. with study rooms, access to the Library's collec- The collectinq and service of books about 11ooks tions, and in special cases should assemble material should he a special responsibility of the Library for their use; but the Library sho~ildprovide reof Congress as the National Library, and the search scrvice and cornpilc for othcr agcncics Library bears the responsibility of leadership in extensive bibliographies only when the interest the attempt to solve the difficult problems that in the subject is widespread; when the work has arise in connection with tlic recording and makinq I~censpecifically authorized and financed by the available of printed pul~licationsof all kinds. Library's own appropriations: or when the ar- 2. Rcfcrcnce service to other libraries. l'his rangcments specified in the nest paragraph prevail. should be available to any library for material not 3. The Library of Congress, since it is better as readily found elsewhere, after local holdings prepared to perform estensive hibliographical and have l~een investigated and found inadcquatc. refcrcncc service. and othcr cooperative library 'I'he 1,it)rary of Conqrcss should accept special activities than other agcncics of the Government, . responsit~ility for reference scrvice in subjects should make use of the authority grantecl IIV rclatinq to the United States, and should seek to Section 601 of the Economv Act (47 Stat. 417) to 11:ivv on its staff cornpctent scholars in this broad accept transfers of filnds which will enable it to fit-Id. undertake estensive bibliographical and reference 3. Intvrlibrary loan service. This should he projects on behalf of othcr aqencics when such cncortr.;~~,.t~d;I the material is not available as projects will result in greater efficiency and reatlily clscwhcrc. Since the Library of Congress economy of effort. is the lar~cstof the country's libraries, this service will become very estensive. hiaterial that should 11. I 17/lat S/rortld Be //re R~l~Iiorl~/ti/)l1tpfz~*t,t1rt I/IC not be lent because of its value and rarity, or be- Librnrv of Congrrss nnd .\'err-l:t*rlertrl Libmries, nr~l cause it may be callcd for by the Congrcss or other 1I'hr1f Srrlfices Shnrrkri It Proreide. for 7/1osp Libraries government agencies or for general rcference serv- otlrl for Irrdir-irl~alsIl'lro rlrr ~\'ot f;trh~rnl EIII~~~~EP.~? - ice, should be made available by photoduplication The Library of Congress, as the National at cost. Library and the largest and most nearly complete 4. Service to individuals. In addition to the of all the libraries in thc United States, should service to libraries described above, the Library supplement the other libraries in the country, of Congrcss should provide service to individuals. shollld take a leading part in cooperative move- All persons above the age of sisteen may use the ments amona libraries, and should thereby help Library's collections in its reading rooms. Refer- to bring about satisfactory nationwide library ence service should be provided for them. In- service to research workers and otller seekers for vestigators, whose work is in the public or schol- information. arly interest, should he provided with individual The Library of Congress should take as its share study rooms or desks to the estent of the facilities of the national library program the following available. Reference service by mail and tele- scrviccs for non-Federal libraries and for indi- phone should be provided also within reason viduals who are not Federal employees. whenever possible. 1. A clearing house service through which will 5. Extension service to State and small local be made available a record of the publications at libraries. The Library of Congress should help the disposal. of American libraries. This should to provide the tools of scholarship through local include printed catalogues showing the holdings libraries in order to supplement local resources, of the Library of Congress; a card distribution but it is not practicable for it to furnish direct service by which copies of the catalogue cards for service throughout the country to the average books in the Library of Congress may be made citizen, although there: is a wide range of library available for use by other libraries in their scrvice needed by the general public, especially catalogues at cost; the printing at regular intervals by the thirty-five million people who do not have of as complete a list as possible of publications access at present to any public library. It should, currently published in the United States; the however, ~articipate in nationwide efforts to maintenance at government espense of the most stimulate the improvement and development of complete possible union catalogue of holdings in local library service, in the field of 76(33154S-8 106 KEPOK'I' OF THE LIBK:\RI:\N OF CONGRESS. 1947

rcfcrencc and research. and the great rcsourccs 111. H.'frat A/att*rinl Sfrorrld tirr Librnr:~)of Corrgrrss of the Library should be madc available to the .lcqrrirt irr Orrffr to :\1ain/ni11 Probprb tfrr Rflntion- citizens of the country through State and local slrifi and to hor*iclr tfrr Srrcicf~Proposed for il: librarics and in cooperation with othcr appropriate A. The Library of Congress should proviclc Government agcncics. scrvicc, first for thc Congrcss, second for the agcn- 6. Special si-rviccs made possiblc by Act of cics of the Federal Government, and third for Congrcss cmpotvcring the Library to accept gifts non-Governmental librarics and private citizens. from privatc individuals or non-govcrnmcntal 'To perform these scrviccs, it will require a care- organizations for thc purpose of undertaking fully planned acquisition program which shoulcl ~isefullibrary projects. l>c part of a national acquisition program for all 7. X gcncral library scrvicc for the blind, per- librarics in thc Unitcd States. formed on a national basis, in recognition of the B. The security of the Unitcd Statcs requires Fcdcral Govcrnn~ent'sresponsibility for service to that Govcrnmcnt agcncics concerned with foreign tlit. blind, as ackno\vledgcd by the enactment of affairs and intclligcncc activities havc at thcir the I'ratt-Smoot Rill in 1931. disposal all published materials which may be 8. :\n t-shibition program. The Lil>rary of requircd in case of emergency. The national plan Congrcsss lias an obligation to the people of the for acquisition should therefore bring into the Unitccl Statcs to display for their bcncfit the trcas- librarics of the Unitcd Statcs, in such a way as tircs contained in its collrctions, which reflect our to make thcm available for Government usc and national history and the dcvelopn~cntof our civil- research work, at lchst two copics of all material ization. It also has an obligation to participate of value in conncction ivith national sccul-its. by cshibits in thc con~mcmorationof important historical cvents or personages. Its program of One of the copics should be in the National Li- brary in IYashington, or in onc of the librarics travelling cshibits should hc so cstcndcd as to giving National Service in a Special Ficlcl, and I~ringthc record of the :\merican past to the people the othcr should be outside of Washington, prcf- of the United Statcs through available facilities. crably in a non-Federal library, if security permits. 9. :\ publication program. The Library of C. The national plan for acquisition should Congress should carry on a publication program including information about the organization, bring into the country at lcast one copy of all currently publishcci material of interest for rc- services and collcctions of the Library; digests, indcses, and abstracts of State and Federal Icgis- search in all fields. lation for the needs of Congrcss and Government IVith the above in mind, the Library of Congrcss should .-lgencies; lists and indcses prepared from the 1,ibrary's collcctions in response to requcsts from 1. .-\cquire all the matcrial that it needs in hiembers of Congrcss, Agencies of the Fedcral order to provide the best possit>le scrvicc to the Go\-ernment, or public institutions, or initiated Congrcss, and to supplement the service givm to Federal Agencies by othcr Fedcral librarics in by the Library itself when the availability of the work is in tllc interest of the nation or the scholarly IVashington and clscwhcrc. community: studies concerned with matters of 2. Acquire at least one copy of all material of current public intcrcst; reproduction of important importance in connection with nationai security, matcrials, particularly those dealing with the cscept in the fields of agriculture and mcdicine .American record: and photoduplication service (where therc should be a copy in the Department providing photocopies of matcrial in its collections of .4griculture Library or the Army Medical Library) and in such other fields as are covcred to hqcmbers of Congrcss and. upon a fee basis, to thc public. The distribution of these publica- by other librarics which may be recognized later tions should follow the regular govcrnmcnt prac- as giving National Scrvice in a Special Field. tice for such p;iblications. 3. Acquire as complete a collection as possiblc To hclp thc Library pcrform these scrviccs satis- of publications originating in the United Statcs factorily, thc Committec recommends the cstab- and of all material of intcrest in conncction with lishment of a National Library Advisory Council the history of the Unitcd Statcs, its government and law, its civilization, and its citizens and their to aid the Librarian of Congrcss in his relations activities. with the research librarics of the Nation and par- 4. Do its share-and its share should be larger ticularly in his efforts to avoid unnccessaxy dupli- than that of any other library-in the acquisition cation of the costly library services to scholarship of at lcast one copy, to be availablc somewhere in that arc handicapping the national library pro- thc country, of all the material of interest to re- gram. search workers. This material should be divided by subjects and the Library of Congress should portant part of the records of all countries, the accept responsibility for inclusive acquisition in Library of Congrcss should continue its policy of certain subjects as its share in completing the collecting historical prints and prints made for national coverage. l~ookillustrations. 5. Continue to collect cstensively in the follow- (i) Rare Books. Thc*Committcc is convinccci ing fields where it has alrcady taken responsibility that the I.ibral-y of Congress as thc Natioaal for research collcctions, either by law or by Library of thc United States, should possess, as practice approved by Congress: do other outstanding national librarics, a grcat (a) Pirblic cloc~iments. Through law and collection of those hooks-often groupecl under treaty, the Library receives foreign public clocu- the term "rarc booksw-which form the land- mcnts in exchange for American public docu- marks and monuments of the advances of human ments, ancl thereby has a responsibility for the learning and culture. It shoulcl be particularly collection of this matcrial. rich in books which reflect the history and civili- (b) Legal material. The Library of Congress zation of the Amcrican people. shoulcl continue to acquire legal rnatcrial of all The Congress has demonstratccl its clctcr~nina- kinds from all o\.cr the world and shoulcl build tion to proviclc the Library of C:ongrcss wit11 a up a con~prchensivecollcction. great national collcction of rarc and important (c) Publications of Academics and Learned ljooks through its special appropriations for the Societies. Through the Act of 1866 ivhich trans- purchase of the Jcfrerson Lil~raryin 1815, of the ferred to the Library of Congrcss the Library of I'cter Force Collection of Americana in 1867, and the Srnitllsonian Institution, the Library receives of the \'ollbchr Collection of fifteenth century books publications, particularly those of Acacicmics ancl (including a copy of the Gutenbrrg Bible) in 1930. Learned Societies, which come from all over the Private -4mcrican citizens by the hundred have worlcl in eschangc for the publications of the also contril~uteclto the building up of the national Sinitl~sonian Institution. The Library has the collcction of rare books. rcsponsibility for continuing these collections and The Committcc consequently recommends that making them available to the public. the Library continue to develop its collection of (d) Rooks about books. In order to give the hooks of this character, s~il~jcctto- the limitation bibliographical service which is a spccial rcsponsi- that it shoulcl not attempt to acquire costly ma- bility of the Library of Congress, it should terial mcrely because it is rare, or to duplicate continue to acquire bibliographical rnatcrial of unncccssarilv thc holdings of othcr rImerican all kinds on as inclt~sivea basis as is practicable. libraries. (e) h,iusic. Since music is an integral part 6. l'he Librarian of C:ongress should arranqc of the culture of any people. and the Library of for the establishment of a national rcscarch library Congrcss alrcady has in its possession the greatest and a specialized stafl for the field of science and collection of music to be found in any library in tcchnology as part of the Library of Congress. the world, and since the hlusic Division is the With the increased importance of scientific and beneficiary of, and operates endo\vments and spe- technological research in modern life, the litcra- cial funds for the devclop~ncntancl use of the Music ture in this field has bccomc very estensivc and Collection, it should continue in its efforts to difficult of organization and access. There are in l~uildup in its Music Division a comprchcnsivc Washington many fine collections covering special collcction of American music ancl a representative parts of this field, but there is at present no com- collcction of music from all parts of the world to prehensive science and tcchnology library belong- meet the needs of scholars and of the public. ing or accessible to the Federal Government. It (f) Audio-visual matcrial. Following thc is of grcat importance to the security of the United practice already recognized by the Congress, the States and to research \vorkcrs that there should Library of Congrcss s\lould continue to acquire csist in IVashington an outstanding and coordi- collcctions of motion pictures, photographs, nated collection of science and tcchnology which phonograph records, and radio recordings. \rould include matcrial from every part of the (g) Maps. Since the Library of Congress has world, and would cover all branches of science the largest collection of maps in the United States and technology broadly interpreted, with the es- tvhich is generally available, it should continue ccption of mcdicine which should continue to be to develop its map collection as the national re- the rcsponsibility of the Army hiedical Library, search collection in this important field. and acgricultiire, which is the responsibility of the (11) Prints. Since the Library of Congress Library of the Department of Agriculture, and already has a very large collcction ol illustrated such other branches of science and technology as books, and since historical prints form an im- may be assiLgned to Libraries giving National 108 REPORT OF THE LIBR;\RIr\N OF CONGRESS, 1947

Service in a Special Field in accorciancc- with There are a nilmber of holdings of the Library proccdurcs described abovc.. of Congress which were placed there because at 7. The I.ihrax-y of Congress should collcct histor- the time of their acquisition by the Library of ical, literary, and scientific manuscripts of national Congress the Federal institution for the deposit interest, including those of men and organizations and service of this type of ~natcrialhad not yet that have contributed to the government, the been established. It is recommended that the institi~tions,and the life of the American people Librarian of Congress csplorc with such officers as a whole. It should take spccial responsibility as the :\rchivist of the United States and the for the acquisition, by transcript or photographic Dircctor of the National Gallery of Art, the reprodirction, of materials in manuscript collec- possibility of transferring archival ~naterial,prints tions or archives of foreign countries which relate in which the interest is primarily occasioned by to the origins and the building up of the United their artistic value, and perhaps other holdings States. It should cooperate with other deposi- to thc appropriatc axency, and that, wherc neces- tories of manuscript collections throughout the sary, appropriatc legislation be recommended. country, to thr end that manuscripts of local In connection with this acquisition program and interest may be placed in the depositories where with the Lil~rary'sservice to Fcdcral and non- they will be most useful, and it is recommended Govc~*nmcntallibraries, the Librarian of Congrcss that the Librarian of Congress take the lead in establishing a National hknuscript Council ~nadc should be encouraged to 1)uild up the quality of up ofrepresentatives of national, regional. and local the I,ibrary9s staff unceasingly. hIcn anci women Ilistorical organizations and agencies. whose duty of the highest scholar~yattainmcnts must be in it will be to advise as to the preswvation and discharge of the Library's collections, otherwise the position of manuscript material. material cannot be eficicntly utilizccl. Appendix 11. Proposal for a National Bibliography and Bibliographical Control

In the Library of Cong!~css,we havc been talking present a unifor~n code for cataloguing books among ourselves for a long time about biblio- printed in Hebrew, to microcopy for preservation graphical controls. \Yc haven't always called it newspapers printed upon perishable paper, and that, or even bibliographical planning, a term so on almost arl irIJ;~iifi~rn.Those who hopc for which we used in conncction with sctting up a world accorci and concerted action along the spccific projcct for invcstigation. This projcct has entire front of the struggle for control of recorded been cnvisa&cd in several different ways. As a knowledge retire almost inevitably, in the end, possible fiiturc staff appointment, it was described behind a pious hopc for a change in human in tcrms of necci for an energetic and imaginative naturc, for the imposition of legal regulations, for person to develop and coordinate the biblio- spontaneous cooling of some of the hottest argu- graphical services rcndcrccl by the Library to the ments known to the learned world, or possibly for other libraries of the nation, through card dis- the help of a super-electronic mccha~licalaid to tribution, through the union catalog, through thinking. 'I'hc protagonists of limited, isolated bibliographical and rcfcrencc service, and through scl~cmesfare much better, and the great progress interlibrary loans, to plan an cspanded service that has been made is due precisely to their program for the Library as a \\.hole and supervise unremitting, intensive energy in independent its esccution. As somcthing more preliminary, crcative cffort. Their trouble is mainly lack of it has been discussed in tcrms of someone who funds. helost of these projects are espensivc, and would travel and talk to librarians and others the amount of readily available. money is insuffi- throughout the country, esploring the achieve- cient to finance them all, so that competition rncnts already reached and the plans in mind, inevitably prevails over rational selection. with a view to gaining an adequate measurement \tVith the announcement of UNESCO, many of professional thinking as \re11 as details of actual saw on the horizon, a kind of international Rocke- accomplishment. In still othcr preparatory terms, feller Foundation which, to those who come first we havc thought of collecting data on what has with thc most appealing arguments, might be an already been writtcn on the intcgration of biblio- ideal solution, hut such hopefuls have often read graphical controls, with special reference to the UNESCO documents without sufficient specific plans so that thcy can bc compared, and breadth of interpretation or possibly without compiling lists of individuals, committees, and sufficient care. UNESCO, likc evcry other in- organizations known to be working, not ncces- tclligcnt cffort, is attempting to make known to sarily on individual bibliographies but rather on one party what other parties arc doing, to serve the coordination of all bibliographical effort. SO as a medium for the comparison of projects, in the far, our findings are that there is little unanimity hope that independent action all over the world, of opinion, and no one \\rho has given the matter with the addition of an improved knowledge of any close observation or well-informed reflection similar efforts elsewhere, may bccomc a little will find this surprising. morc cffectivc, and that eventually there may de- There arc two kinds of intensive activities stir- velop a kind of common denominator, an espressed ring. There is impassioned urging that the and well-understood point of departure. mastery of recorded knowledge be considcred as The spccific projects which yield the most of such cnormous importance as to underlie the valuable results arc those which bcar within them futurc of peacc, the future of research, and the a common dcnominator, some part of a universal future of practically evcry activity of mankind, approach to the difficulties of bibliography as a and theoretical promising that this mastery will whole. Our problem is "to find the comprehen- achieve through records the same accuracy of sive pattern which will satisfy the needs of all communication from mind to mind that-conversa- significant. groups," that is, to depend upon a tion, the telcphcne, and the mails havc alrcady variety of projects to produce final results, but tc. given us. The other kind of activity conjures up provide a uniform base of raw material, or pre- particular projects: to list periodicals according liminary listing and sorting upon which the spe- to their principal subjjcct content, to establish cialized projects may draw. We at the Library uniform codes for citing the abbreviatcd titles of look closely at our costly and time-consuming periodicals, to issue a union bibliography of pub- operations to see whether the base for further lications in the field of international relations, to refinement which we hope for is really bcing 109 110 REPORT OF 'THE LIBRklKIAN OF CONGRESS, 1947

established. Our large staff of descriptive cata- One phase of our discussion at the Library loguers costs a grcat deal of money, and we have reached an important turning point at our deci- so far acted on the assumption that their efforts sion to issue the Crinrrilafiz.~(;irtnlox cf lib ray^ of were essential and the cspense inevitable. The Congr~.~~Prirr/t>d Cords, the details of which have Union Catalog has becn a great enterprise, but been given in the announcement issues of the it has not yet literally solved the problem of locat- Processing Department's C(1falogriing Srrrice bul- ing in some American library at least one copy of letins for last November and December. A review every important research book, fbr this it cannot published in the Library Jorirncl last May 15 says: do until it is literally complete, and until the gaps "It seems only reasonable to term the new pub- which it reveals have becn filled in. Our public lication one of the major fonvard steps in central- catalog, made so caref~~lly,still does not simply ized cataloguing in the United States since thc and unerringly reveal the true complete content inauguration of printed card sales near the turn of the Library, including periodical literature, on of the century . . . h4ethods of bibliographic any topic. but continues to answer questions with description can. now be standardized and simpli- riddles. fied. Those who dream of printed book catalog We havc become conccrncd about biblio- replacing cards in future libraries now havc a new graphical planning in connection with great prc- tool with which to csperimsnt, while the goal of jects outside the Library. The Hihliogr+fric complete ccntralizcd description and location of 11lrlr.v~concerning thc development and value of the bibliographic resources of the nation can now which thcrc is a certain difference of opinion, is be measureably nea1t.r." apparently- - now limited to material which can be inspected for assignment of sul~jcctheadings in 1Ve would never havc taken a step of this sort New York City, and yet this is the only tool of its without the carefill consideration with which many kind. I\ survey has revt-alcd 243 indcsing and of you havc come in contact and without the con- abstracting scrvict-s, and for all of this intensive viction that \vc werc on the right track. So far, effort thcrc is still \vidcsprcad complaint that the profc.ssional opinion has supported our confidence. periodical litcraturc of the \vorld is irrcgrilarly By definition, the C~rm~ilntir~eCntnlol rcproduccs, so and incornplctcly covered. Dcn~andsare made as to provide an additional means of distribution, upon us either for a completc sul)~jcctI~ibliography the cards originally produced for cataloguing pur- or for selcctivc 1.cdirction of tile mass of potential poses within the Library. Certain modifications, matcrial, and \vc arc again and again faced with in fact, in the design and nlcchanical handling thc choicc bctwcen a lal)orioris committce-ap- of cards have directly resulted from the method provcri bibliographica! compilation or an answer, of producing the Clinirilnfiz*~C~~talog.Taken alto- perhaps to an important inquiry, that so 1ar as we gether, card-production is bibliographically prob- know there is really no adcquatc tool available. ably thc Library's most important cntcrprisc, and This sort of thin!: happcns all ovcr the \vorld, and the one which has had the greatest effect upon the it is only in certain fields \vllerc special interests practices of other libraries. There arc still in- havc pourrd vast sums of money into rcft.rcnce numerable qrlcstions of detail to be settled, and media, as chcmists or the legal profession or, for every thoughtful and tcchnically skilled cataloguer instance, the nickel industry havc clone, that any engages in differences of opinion with the Proccss- really satisfactory dcgrec of control has becn ing Department. Yet wc can point to a group of achieved. \Ye look to these and other specific techniques and an embodiment of plans which accomplishments. hotvevcr, for a kind of guidance nlay be said not only to have worked, within the which stirs our imagination and both technically scale originally contemplated, but to have survived and ideologically may point the way. IVe have enormous cspansion in scope. The making of a grcat measure of bibliographical control. We cards, moreover, is the operation which technical have trade lists and national lists, a constant librarianship has carried to the greatest rcfinc- stream of bibliographies, and bibliographies of mcnt, and conscqucntly, is the point upon which bibliographies. Mre have, if you will esempt the the greatest intensity of discussion in relation to details, a pretty widely accepted system of rccord- the importance of the detail involved can be ing bibliographical itcnls, of cataloguing, and of aroused. However, esccpting for the various citation. In some slow but sure way it has be- services such as the Etrgine~ring I~r(/rswhich issue come the almost universal practice to provide thcir material in card form, most card production books with title pages for identification, and to has been conceived in terms of the needs of indi- gather books together into libraries. We have vidual library catalogs. While a number of inter- come a long way. But \ve have a long way to go, national codes have been proposed for adoption, and we wonder whether we are going about it as it seems to us that insufficient thought has becn effectively as we might if all the facts were known. given to card production as the first step in intcr- APPENDICES

national bibliographical control, the raw material exhaustive inquiry and experimentation, the Proc- upon which subsequent operations rest. So our essing Department evolved the method of re- discussion has often started on the issue of how producing the cards in book form by photo- far, the card-producing activity of the Library offset which we now feel has such promise. should be carried and whether it is possible to Should the fact that we cannot hope to produce achieve an espandcd coverage with cards made descriptive cards for the whole worlcl's yearly according to present standards. Our thinking output delay us in trying to provide the basic ahead leads us to base our plans on existing inventory for the United States, if that much is accomplishments. within our power? The national unit is a very We should not limit our thinking ahead to the logical unit, and one which practically every original intention of producing high-standard card planner has used. catalogs for our own use and giving other libraries Herbert Putnam, writing on the future of the a chance to benefit by the work. It has already Library of Congress in Mrs. Danton's Tfie Libray become more than that. A great many biblio- of Tomorroru, published in 1939, calls attention to graphical projects are based upon a review of' proof the 6,000 regular purchasers of the cards prepared sheets issued during the production of cards. by the Library and goes on to say that the "full- Fundamentally a card is a one-item bibliography, ness and scholarly accuracy of the entries on these the original record, the point where all other cards requires so much labor that the output bibliographical operations begin, for even lists cannot begin to keep pace with incoming material. are usually made from slips or rudimentary cards. Ideally, this service should constitute a central In one way or another we have become responsible cataloguing bureau for the entire country but, for a supply of bibliographical raw material, and, actually, it falls far short of doing so. To achieve to the consiclerations of accuracy, reasonable this idcal a larger staff of cataloguers is needed as consistency, professional workmanship and avail- \veil as a larger appropriation for printing and ability, wc must now add that of complete cover- distribution of the cards and for the acquisition age. FVc must consider whether uniform card- of books." Great improvements have since been production covering the entirc national output of made in the degree to which cataloguing keeps recorded knowledge, from a certain year onward, pacc with incoming material, particularly with docs not underlie all major projects for selection, the inception of cataloguing by the Copyright analysis and bibliographical control. In this con- Office, and various phases of the cooperative cept, cards are not intended solely for catalog cataloguing prosram have extended the scope. purposes, but also, because they can be manipu- John Shaw Billings, in his presidential address to lateci, for sorting for bibliographical purposes. thc American Library Association in 1902, spoke To what estent is bibliography handicapped by as follows: the fact that for the Unitccl States there is no complete listing of the entire mass of raw-description "I think it well, ho\vcver, to remind you of your in a form which can be physically broken down duties to this your National Library, and especially as a starting point for particular projccts? The that the librarian of every city, town or village in most obvious answer is that coverage of this sort the country should make it his or her business to for one nation's output cvcn if it could be achieved, see that one copy of every local, non-copyrighted is not going to give us sub-ject coverage, which imprint, including all municipal reports and does not follow national lines. But just as sclec- documents, all reports of local institutions, and tive lists of subject references nust be based on all addresscs, accounts of cercrnonies, ctc., \\.hich complete lists from which thc unnecessary matter arc not copyrighted and do not come into the is discarded, so the complcte subject lists must be booktrade, is promptly sent to our National based on more inclusive lists of production, prob- Library." ably in national unitg' The current t&dency is not to propose that all I am intentionally discussing card production of the necded cataloguing work should be done before book-form national bibliography because at one place because of the great difficulty of of our conception of a national bibliography not physically assembling it, but rather to suggkst only as a list of bibliographical items published that librarians must "see to it that the cataloguing but also as a list of descriptive cards introduced and bibliographical work is done by the whole into the bibliographical machinery and available. library community and by others engaged in the Direct production of a book-form catalog, while similar work of placing important facts under it might have typographical advantages, seems to current fingertip control," us less of an accomplishment than one operation In the first place, can we accept the thesis that which produces both cards for sorting and books it is desirable that a specific group of libraries for distribution, checking and reference. After should, taken together, acquire the entire United 112 KEPOKT OF 'THE L1BK:IKI:IN OF CONGRESS, 1947

States output ycar by ycar. and that thcir cata- Subsequent action, following up the Princeton loguing efforts takcn together would thus produce recommrndations, takcn at an informal meeting cards for the cntirc national output, which, if hcld in the Library of Congrcss on January 22, gathered together and published in annual 1947, resulted in a com~nitmcntthat the Library volumes with cumulations. \vould constitute a would present a plan for a national bibliography desirable system of national bibliography? at the San Francisco convention of the Amcrican In the \vords of the rccomn~cndationof the Lil~rarvAssociation. Library of Congrcss Planning Committee, thc The Assembly of Librarians of the Library is urged, as part of its leadership in co- which has just becn meeting at the Iibrary o operative movements, and as part of its share of Congress includcd in the rccommcndations of its the national library prograin on behalf of non- Committee on Education for Librarianship "that Fcdcral libraries and of indi\kluals who are not steps be takcn to organize as soon as possible tllc Federal employees, to undertake ". . . the print- bibliographical patrimony of each country in ing at regular intervals of as complete a list as accordance with the latest rcquircmcnts of library possible of publications currently pi1blishc.d in science ancl utilizing appropriate practices and the U. S. . . " tcchniqucs;" and in the rccommcndations of its The Confcrcnce on International Cultural, Committee on Bibliography that "in view of the Educational and Scientific Eschangcs, held at circumstance that repeated rccomrncndations of Princeton, N. J., on 26, 1946, rccom- international organizations concerning the dcsir- mended that: ability of publishing national bibliographies have ". . . LlNESCO and other suitablc agcncics not becn heeded cs:ept in a fc\v countries . . ., and groups, governmental and non-go\~crnmental, national libraries or bibliographical institutions encoliragc national governments, national library be charged with the duty of I~ringingto fruition associations, and othcr agcncics in every country thc compilation and publication of national biblio- to see to it that there is published for each country graphies of thcir respective countries, where such a current national bibliography, which will in- \vork is not already being realized either com- clude in an author a~~angcmentunder broad mercially or by government agencies." sub.jects, in one or morc sections or parts, the The rccommcndation of the Princeton Confer- follo\ving types of material, listed in the order of ence docs not clearly state that this plan must importance: necessarily involve a single publication or a new "a. Books and pamphlets in the book trade. one, and it .implies nothing one way or another "b. Government documents at ali lc\~cls. on the effect which a full national bibliography "c. Non-governmcnt periodicals. would have on lists now current which \vould be "d. Ncwspapcrs: anci, if possible: duplicated in part. All of the existing list.. have "c. h4iscellancoils publications. a distinct function to fulfill, and thc Library "f. Motion pictures, including news reels, proposal to expand its card-producing facilities documentaries, instructional films, and photo- and its Cr~mirlntireC(~ta/og to a point of all-inclusivc- plays. ncss seems to us in no way to interfere with any "\.Ire belic\~cthere is a place and need for both of thc csisting publication programs of more selective and comprehensive national bibli- restricted scope and perhaps greater usefulness. ographies, but because of their fundamental im- If our inquiry were directed at the priblication portance \ve recommend that priority be given to of the national bibliography alonc, we niight effecting arrangements for securing bibliographies \veil explore the qucstion whether the C~~t~rrr/(~/irv of the comprehensive type. nook III(IE.Y,the Cf~falog of c@oj!~rig/r/I~rr/rir.r,the "It is recommended that the Library of Congrcss Alo~rflrbClrrcklist qf Statr P~rblica/io~r.r,the ~llot~tlrl)~ should formulate and present to AL.A, AKL, SLA, C(~/ciloglrroj U. S. I'rrhlic Docurnr11I.r with otllcr and other library associations in this country, for standard lists, takcn altogcthcr, constitute an their comment and criticism, plans for editing approach to national bibliography, and that all and publishing a complete current national bibli- that is needed is a supplement which \\.oulcl list ography of the United States, involving as may be publications not includcct in any othcr list. But necessary the coordination of csisting efforts in the established major lists are thcmsclves parts of this field, such as the catalogs of the Supcrintend- a pyranlidal structure from which the apes is ent of Documcnts the Alornth[y Checklist of Sfafe lacking. There are other morc partial lists of Pl~blicafions,Crrm~rlative Book Indt.~,Catnlog of Cnfiy- publications of particular agcncics of the Govern- ri~/rtEr~frit-s, and other sources, and looking to the ment, from which the entries arc repeated in the coverage of fic!ds not now covered, such as munic- Superintendent of Docu~ncnts'inclusive list. Last ipal documents, house organs, etc." hjlarch the Congrcs:ional Joint Committee on APPENDICES

Printing approvecl a resolution eliminating the Ctlrnulaficc C~fologinto two parts, the first biennial catalog of Government publications, on limited to United States imprints of the the theory that the essential purposes coulcl be previous year and the second to contain accomplished by the monthly list ancl annual all bther cntries, that is, foreign and earlier indes. The Supcrintencicnt of Documents also U.S. imprints. issiies selective lists, such as the 46-page One IVhilc books, paniphlets. and periodicals are hrit~drcdSF~PCIP~hooks tloro rrvc~iiobif . . . publishec~ still the major concern of libraries and still the in 1946. And there is no list which literally covers unquestioned leading media of recorded com- the entire output of the Fcdcral Government, munication, libraries generally, and particularly inclucling material, often of great value, processecl the Library of Congress, are graciually giving independently by the various agencies. The New increased attention to non-book forms such as Hampshire State Library, the Maine State Li- maps, some of which are alrcady listed in the brary, and the Universities of North Carolina, Ctc~nrilaficeCalnlog, motion pictures, as noted in Arkansas and Florida arc issuing lists of material thc Princeton rccommendations, sound recordings, for their rcspcctive states. The California State in which wc have an important development, ancl Library covers bibliographically the publications music, for which our Copyright Division no\v of California municipalities, and the municipal preparrs individual cards for somc 14,500 pub- reference library in Chicago has likewise under- lished items a year. If the function of a national taken a local bibliographical function. Jerome bibliography is, among other things, to serve not Wilcos' :\lfl?~~nlOIL !/he llsr qf sI(~/f~~b/ica/io~~s and only as a ~nccliumfor verification in cataloguinq .. - the lists on statc documents published every other books but as a checklist oi all material which year in Sj~rrialLibraries arc but two of the items in convcys knowleclgc or information or reaction what is alrcady a fairly complcx bibliography on of any sort, should wc not logically break com- the listing ancl availability of our national output. pletely the barrier between published print for We have not yet actually tried to make a list of reading and othcr forms of communication, current bibliographies which, taken altogether, and draw the line only at publication, validity ~vouldindicate everything issued in the Unitecl and continuity? I use this word "continuity" States, and this should be a part of a fully devel- in order to esclude photographs and othcr single oped attack on the problem, but that list would images, sounds, or words, but include any series be suficiently long to show that literally complete of such t-lt-ments which involves a sequence in national bibliography involves more than a few timc. i\dequatc discussion of this line of demar- convenient reference tools. Moreover, as already cation, or attempt to define publication, validity, suggested, the approach to complete national or magnitude of time clement, while probably bibliography through use of a number of existing necessary at some stage, had bat be avoided here, lists takes no account of the desirability of pro- as it would certainly lead too far afield into ducing at the same time the same information in academic minutiae, and the definition, in the card form for a variety of subsequent bibliograph- end, would doubtless have to rest upon flesible ical projects; whereas an approach which takcs conventions. But we have already gone far the Ctim~llnlir*~Cnlalog of the Library of Congress enough in this direction to recognize films, as a base would cover such a provision. phonograph records, commercial advertising Our tentative plan, then, of developing the matter of many kinds, diagrammatic material, CII~II~I!~~~Cat~lloginto a national bibliography is radio programs, anything, in fact, regardless of in line with the recommendation of the World form or medium, as contributions to knowledge Congrcss of Libraries and Bibliography held in and recorcls of our time which, on an equal Rome in 1929, which, at its fourth scssion on footing with publications in the usual sense, international projects, "notes the need of an ade- deserve bibliographical recording to assure their quate national bibliography and recommends availaldity and use. On this tentative assump- that each country publish its national bibliog- tion, we shall use the words "piihlication" or raphy in such form that carcls for the cntries "material" or "current U. S. output" in this may be filed for reference." So far as our plans wide sense in the remaining passages of this have been worked out theoretically, this involves paper. If cards are to be issued at the Library two steps: of Congress for all of this material made available (a) To espand the card-producing facilities in the United States, does this ncccssarily mean of the Library to covcr morc and eventually that the material must itsclf come into the all the United States material and more and Library? And if it does not, can we satisfactorily eventually all kinds of material, and undertake the production of cards based on copy (b) To divide the annual and, if decided contributed, without seeing the material itself? upon, five-year issues of the book-form The first reaction is likely to be a strong negative, 114 KEI'OK'L' OF THE LIBKARIIIN OF CONGRESS, 1947

but in view of the amount of confident bibli- Library of Congress Card Division could reason- ographical transcription which is constantly and ably be expected to stock such a cumulation of successfully carried on, we wonder whethcr this cards, or whether there is some promise in expcri- distrust of all but first-hand inspection is wholly rncnts recently conduc:tcd by the Processing Divi- justified, and the issue is of such crucial importance sion to hold and stock the transparencies froin that we think it ciescrvcs the most careful explora- which cards in lesser dcmand can be printed tion before this prospect is rejected. it be photographically on order. This would apply practical for the Library to produce, in espansion particularly to cards for the non-book materials of its present cooperative cataloguing arrange- and lesser publications based on cooperative copy. ment, two kinds of cards: It seems to us reasonable to stock cards on which (a) Cards of the same fullness as at prescnt, average demand may be anticipated as at present, continuing pracnt policies, for material but to print a lesser quantity of the additional added to the Library or, to the relatively cards proposed, and hold a master transparency slight degree that current U. S. pliblications against the possibility of further photographic are involved, for material covcrcd by copy reprinting if demand requires. But the complete sent in for cooperative cataloguing by other output would be available to regular subscribers libraries under the present agrccments, and both as cards and as proof sheets, for the expanded (b) Cards which can Ilc distinguished from national part of the Qtmrrlnfii~t~ Cnfolog and po- category (a) in some way. without sitbjcct tentially available for a pronlising innovation in hcaclinqs, without classification: and without bibliographical sorting over and above the needs unverifiable added entries and descriptive of our own subjecf cataloguing. detail, to be distributed in a different way There has been talk of providing behind the and at a different rate, for books known to scenes a variety of bibliographical files in part the Library only from lists available or for the use of the compilers of bibliographies contributed by cooperating local and special who might use them personally, but more im- libraries, but still made as \\yell as possible. portantly as a source of high speed photographic Ob\.iously the theory advanced here is that cov- reproductions of subject sections of the catalog, erage is, for the total bibliographical problem, an operation which cannot well be performed by more iinportant than perfectionism, that raw withdrawal of cards from the public or other matcrial for further bibliographical rrfincnlcnt permanent catalogs. Sorting for this purpose at the evaluation stage should be turned out might go further than the filing of cards in classified rapidly and cheaply, and that total omission, order according to thcir assigned shelf numbers or assuming our conception of an all-inclusive na- alphabetically by their assigned subject headings. tional bibliography, is worse than the omission There might be classifications by geographical of, or even error in, descriptive detail. Our areas covcrcd (as distinguished from alphabetical precautionary measure is that 11,nvcrified cards place names), by chronological periods covered, should not be confi~scdwith final cards. The by materials or things, by concepts or ideas, and srcatcr danger is that insuperable dificultics by the activities of man, all dcsignecl to bring might be met in \\?orking out a system for non- together scattered subject headings in a different duplication of effort. It is in this connection that arrangement, all in addition to the traclitional cataloguing at the source, since tllcre is likely to classification by fields of knowledge, and all I3r but ont.sourcc and many points of distribution, following upon csperiincnts in classification carried at the moment of issue, by collaboration between on by many organizations concerned with the the publisher and the library profession, may, in collection of references in classificcl order rather thc long run, not prove so impractical as has I~ccn than the arrangement of books on library shelves. assumcd. The libraries which \\yould undcrtakc There might also be sortings according to pull- to supply copy would be those which, taken all lishers and places of publication, by form and by together, cover the whole output of the United treatment (e. g. textbooks or historical fiction) States and are sufficiently convinced of the im- as well as by clatc of publication. In such a portance of the larger bibliographical issue to bibliographical operation, we might have to file contribute in this way to the general good, just subject cards without hesitation for material as the national library might contribute by print- which we had never seen. In a very high per- ing cards for books which it never receives. The centage of cases thcre is adequate indication of alternative \\?auld be to add everything to the content for rudimentary sorting in the title itself, Library of Congress, a possibility which seems to and in a device of this sort, intended to put into us no\\. as the less realistic of the two. bibliographers' hands mere raw material for thcir Another phase of the problem is whether the fiirther individual use, there is a justifiable margin of surmise which sl~o~rlcll)c absent in the actual portant to know complctcly from the invcntory cataloguing of a library. what tlic cornpositc works subject to indcsing arc. If the national l~il~liographywere to be truly I have been trying to indicate that our thinking all-inclusive in the covcragc of the output, there about national bibliography has been in the is little question but tliat it should list periodical direction of considering it as an clement in the articles individually. It is at this point, however, achicvcmc-nt of complctc bibliographical control that we must try to be practical. There is rather tlian as an isolated publishing project. another way. In thc sul~jectapproach, \vc should Bibliograpliical control has not meant to us the not try to do cvcrything with one list, hiit depend achic\wncnt of a system \rhereby any inquiry, rather upon developing a scrics of esisting scrviccs however vital, however new, however personal, so tliat they may together cover the field. Author or liowcvc-r imaginative can immcciiately be listing and basic invcntory, even on the scope answered hy a sclcctivc analysis ready-made l>y which we have suggested, would benefit grcatly sol:lc other specialist \rho has anticipated this 11y the uniform treatment of an all-inclusive clc~nancl. 'I'hat may he what we ought to lead national I>ibliograpliy, I>t.causc the listinq can bc irp to, 1)irt we must approach it in gradual stages, defined accurately and. taken in units of nations for perfection of control lics at the end of the trail, and years, can be donc. if donc inclusivcly, once the ultimate 01)jcctivc of intcllcctual inquiry. IVc and for all, leaving only ~.clativclyminor technical have thought of national bibliography and card difiicultics anel the inconvenience of reference to prociuction as important elements in providinq many volumes. Hilt that is a 1,ulky but ordcrly the foundation upon which may be based cs- reflection of a massive production which \vc arc trcn~cly varicd bibliographical compilations trying to increase rather tlian silpprcss. 1'0sub- undertaken by others, perhaps, by otlicr offices of ject l~il>liography,ho~vcver, there is no definable the libraries tlicmsclvcs, and directed at the nccds end, no consistent nittional or annual limitation, of spccial branches of science, special groups of no rculial)lc or cicsirablc uniformity of intcr- scl~olars,and special levels of inquiry. prctation, anti a grcat tlcsirc to rctlircr the mass IVc ask yo11 as the library profession whcthcr sclcctivcly. Tlic cvr-ntiral cnds of subject l~ibli- yo11 think \ve arc proposing one more publication ograpliy arc best scr.vcd not by a single system, to do what a combination of existing publications but 1)). a grcat nuni1)cr of succcssivc incliviclual will do as well, wl~cthcrthe procluction of one efforts, varying accorciing to points of \?ic\v,critical national bibliography: even in view of the large skill. and application. -1-he scrviccs arc t~utan number of national bibliographies cirrrcntly pro- intcrmccliatc step bct\vc.cn in\~rntoryanel critical duced in otlicr nations, \\.auld really be a step selection. If thc scrviccs tlicmsclvcs are sclcctivc, towarel coordinatcci con trol. IVc ask you whether where lics inclusive silbjcct covcragc? If progrcss an undertaking of tliis magnitude should be con- can inclccd be maclc in improving the covcragc cci\rccl as self-supporting, anti if so, xvliat you think and coorclination of thc indesing and abstracting its clianccs arc. IVc nccci advice on \vlictlicr \vc scrviccs, may \\?c hopc that they \voultl unclcrtake arc justificcl in suggesting the amount of coopcra- the gencralizccl suIjjr.ct approacli, not only to t.ion involvccl in supplying copy, and \vhcthcr the periodical material but to the contcnt of books nct result \\.oirlcl be a national scrvicc eventually and related non-book material as \vcII? Coulcl appreciated or an undcsirablc attcnlpt at ccntral- they clo this if the Library's bil~liographicalscrv- ization, in which there may be some danger of ices can finci ways of making thc material available principle. to thc111? :\lid in csploration of this possil~ility, IVe ask oirrsclvcs ~vhcthcru7c arc bcing realistic \vould not the availa1)ility of carcls from the spccial in consiclcring plans of tliis sort without so much, sortings just clcscribcd be thc 111ost valid appioac1l? at tliis stagc., as calculating costs. i17c ask our- It occurs to us, too, that one of tlic rriost potentially selves \vl~at bibliographical intcrprctation of fertile applications for punched cards as aicis to lcadcrship \vc ought to place on our position as bibliography is control of what tnatcrial has bcc~i the national library, and \vhcthcr we arc turning indcsccl and abstracted in which scrviccs, ratlicr in dircctions alrcady cshausted as fantastic wish- than control of the subject contcnt itself. Cards ful thinking, or whether \vc are logically devclop- which can be rcad visually but which can be ing the continuation of operations alrcady begun routed or- distributed from a center mechanically and to \vliich I\-c have alrcady committed our- according to covcragc formula could do a grcat selves. deal to tiecrease undesirable overlap and increase PAULVANDERBILT, coverage to journals not ordirarily inclescd by a :irtin~Cfiipf, Prints (II~'Pf~oto~r~pfts Diilision given scrvicc. It \vould then become vcry im- Appendix 111. General Order 1321, May 21, 1947

To: The h,lcmbers of the Staff. the receiving unit. after consultation \vith From: Luther H. Evans, 1.ibrarian of Congress. LIiS and sut>ject to its instructions. Subject: Procedures for handling and clearing 4. Clearance of requests handled in other rcqucsts from Mcml~ersof Congrcss Divisions. In all cases described in paragraphs for rcfcrcncc and rcscarch scrvices. 3 and 3 above the response shall be routcd by the handling unit to LRS for review and for trans- 1. Primary responsibility of Legislative Ref- mittal, with appropriatc credit to the responding erence Service. The Legislative Reference Scrv- unit. Any changes made in such responses by ice (LKS) has primary rcsponsi1)ility for respond- LRS shall be called to the attcntion of the unit ing to Congressional rcqucsts for refc~.cnceand concerned. rcscarch services. Howcvcr. all the resources of 5. "Constituent" requests. Rcqucsts for rcf- the Library arc available to Congrc-ss. l'hc fol- erence service rcccivcd from private individuals lowing rcgulations are prcscribccl for the purpose by referral from a hlcmbcr of Congress shall be of coordinating the utilization of these resources. handled as follows: 2. Referral of requests to other Divisions by LRS. Kcqticsts for rcfcrcncc or rcscarch, re- a. \Vhcn rccei\wd in LRS, such rcqricsts shall, ceived by LliS for the oficial usc of Mcmbcrs or with the exceptions noted bclow, be rcfcrrccl Committees of Congress, in ficlds in \\.hich it docs to the appropriatc Division or unit for re- not have specialists but in which other Ilivisions sponse, with such s~ipplcmentaryinformation or units of the Library have spccial competence, and instructions for handling as may be shall bc rcfcrrccl by LKS to such units for handling desirable. The receiving Division or unit shall with appropriatc instructions and suggestions. send the replies to LRS for approval ant1 \\Then such inquiries bcconic so numerous as to transmittal. LRS may, however, in its clis- rcquire continuou.;ly half the timc of a specialist crction, respond to inquiries (a) which can be in a givcn ficbld, LKS shall, sul~jcctto availability acicquatcly dealt with by forwarding surplus of funds, add a specialist in that field to its staff, publications from its stock, (b) for which the and take over rcsponsil~ilityfor such rcqucsts. information is readily available in its reference 3. Handling of requests received in othei- filcs, and (c) which involve the use of the Divisions. \IThcn rcqucsts for rcfcrcncc or re- Federal and State La\\. Indexes. search for the official use of hicrnbcrs or Com- 1). FVhen rcccivcd in othcr Divisions or units mittees of Congrtss arc rcccivcd in Divisions and such requests shall bc handled in the receiving units other than LKS, they shall be llandlcd as unit, which shall send a carbon copy of its follo\\.s: rcsponsc to LRS. a. Simple reference inquirics, which can be 6. Routing of requests. In routing requests easily ans\\lercd from material at hand and to other units, LRS shall observe the directions which involve an cstirnatcd cspcnditr~reof of the Department concerned. time of less than an holir, shall be handled 7. Requests for administrative information, by the unit receiving them. In cascs whcre etc. None of the provisions of this Order shall the estimate provts to bc much too con- apply to non-reference inquirics relating to the servative, the inquiry shall be transferred to administration and policies of the Library, such LRS or its instructions requested. as inquiries conccrning personnel, loans of Li- b. Rcqucsts involving extended rcscarch rc- brary material, sale of printed cards, exhibits, lating to fields in wllich LRS has specialists, concerts, study room facilities, books for the blind, shall be routed tha-c for handling. If im- the copyright business, and publications (othcr portant considerations require that a partic- than LRS publications). LRS has freedom to ular request should be handlcd in the re- interpret, evaluate and express a scholarly judg- ceiving unit, the unit shall request instruc- ment upon the activities of the Library in the usual tions and suggestions for handling from LRS. course of its work, but it docs not speak for the c. Rcqucsts upon the services of specialists in Library administration, as contrasted with the the rccciving unit, in cascs whcre LKS docs administration of Lcgislative Reforencc Service, not have such specialists, shall he handled by except as authorized by the Librarian. Appendix IV. Statistics of Reader and Reference Service1 > CJ CIRCULATION OF MATERIALS AND RESPONSE TO REFERENCE INQUIRIES, FISCAL YEAR 1947 zCJ Material issued for use Reference and loan requests received by g telephone i? (n Insiclc thr hoildings st.rvt.d Outside I the 1111ilti- C:ong~.c.ss Govcrn- Other 'htal mcbnt 1 \'o~~~rnt.s0tht.r Ilnits"'~~ I

REFERENCE DEPARTMENT: CIRCULATIONSERVICE Loan Division ? ...... Serials Division 2...... Stack and Reader Division...... PUBLICREFERENCESERVICE Aeronautics Division...... General Reference and Bibliography...... Hispanic Foundation...... Manuscripts Division...... Maps Division...... Music Division...... Orientalia Division...... Prints and Photographs Division...... Rare Books Division...... Microfilm Reaciine: Room......

26 4,523 Main Building...... 4,930 10, 320 DIVISION FOR THE BLIND 2...... 4,470 4,490 MOTION PICTURE DIVISION...... ('1 1,740 UNION CATALOG...... 316 I,556 I 54;EZ~ ----- Total ...... ('1 144,36 1

Comparative totals: lo 1945-46 ...... 1944-45 ...... 1943-44 ...... 1942-43 ...... 1941-42 ...... CIRCULA1'ION 01' MATERIALS AND RESPONSE 7'0 REFERENCE INQUIRIES, FISCAL YEAR 1947-Continuccl

I tcms Rcfcrcncc scrvicc Bibliographies prepared serviced through corrcspond- I

DIVISION FOR THE BLIND '...... 1 15 MOTION P1C:TURE DIVISION...... I UNION C:ATALOC;...... I...... Total...... ! 389.442

Comparative totals: 10 1945-46...... 190.800 / 14.754 1944-45 ...... 21,481 1943-44 ...... 20,040 1942-43...... (4) / 24,053 1941-42 ...... , (4) j 18,702 Renders arc those (inclucling stan' nlcml~crsof othcr clivisions) ~vhoarc scrvccl with matcrial in thc reporting di\~ision'scustocly. A vol~~me,for this pirr?ose, is dcfincd as any numbct- of nrintccl or written shccts hound togcthcr; a ~~rzjtis tlic hasis of count for all othcr materials sc~.viccrl-- photographs: maps. ~nhoundmanuscripts, hroaclsiclcs, prints. M1hcn issuccl scparatcly cach rcprcscnt a unit. \Vhcri scrviccrl in a bundle, ii foldcr, an album or as part of other. rnatcrial, thc container (ancl not thc itcnls cornposing the unit) is countcd. Reference aid to readers rccorcls the nirmhcr of times ~.cadcrsarc givcn rcfcrcncc hclp. In a referet~ceor professiortnl corrferer~cea technical or sul>jcct spccialist sirpplic5 infor.mation of a spccializccl or profcssiondl natur.c, or giiecs counsel in thc solution of a clificult or incomplctrly forn~rrlatcdproblcrn. 1 This statcrncnt covcrs major r.cfercncc anc! circulation scrviccs, only, ancl does not rcpott acquisitions, processing, ancl administrative \vork. During the fiscal ycar 1947, thcrc \vcrc thcsc organizational changcs: the Scrvicc for the Blind transfcrrcd frorn thc Loan Division to thc Division for thc Blind, thc !Var Agcncics Collrrtion frorn the Scrials Division to the Acquisitions Dcpartrncnt, and thc Scicncc ancl Technology Prwjcct cstahlishcci (with funds from thc Navy Dcpartmrnt) cl~rringMarch 1947. I7igi1rcsfor the Projcct arc supplicci for thc pcriotl Altril-June 1947. Warcf~lllvcstirnatccl, larycly from tirnc stutlirs or sampling.

J No figures a\.ailahlc. Vncluding rnicrofilrn, manusc~.ipts,maps ancl c-h:~rts,prints anel photogr.aphs, etc. " Kcaclcrs in thc hlain Rracling Roorn and thc Per-ioclic:+lsRcatling Roorn arc cstirnatccl. An actual count is not fcasil>lcclirc to scvcral entrances to thc rooms and because of a substantial amorlnt of rcaclcr sc~lf-scrvicccspccially in thc Periodicals Kcading Roorn. Inclirdcd in thc Loan Division figure. Plus 3,549 inc!i\ridual horro~vcrs(1 5,106 loansj. '' Incl~rclcsscorcs. 11' Totals for sirnilar :crvic.cs for the fiscal ycars 1943 to 1946 have lxcn ~uppliccl\vhcrc availal~lcI~utcomparisons should bc clratvn \\.it11 carc. ?'llcrc liavc hccn many oryanizational changes ctrrring the (I-)'car prr-iocl. Dr~ring1940 ncw or slightly changcct bascs of r.ccorcling were cstablishccl anel dcfinecl. During thc ycar 1947 thcsc wcrc rnorc carcfi~llyal~~~liccl.As a rcsult a rnirch :nore cBxactancl thcrcforc a morc narro\vly intcrprctcd report lias bccn ~"'o~I ucccl. Appendix V. List of Publications, Fiscal Year 1947 -4.PRINTED PUBLICATIONS

ADMINISTKATIVE TIIF Libr(i1;~of Cor~gress(111rl Ilisller Edrrcation. By Luther H. Evans. 1946. 4 p. Reprinted :111t11ralReport of the Librariar~ of Corrg~rssfor tile from Iligher Ediicatiot~,vol. 3, no. 4, October 15, Fiscc~l ]bar Enrling Jrrne 30, 7916. 1917. 538 p. 1946. (5,000 copics) Cloth, 53.00. (5,000 copies) Thr Library of Congrrss, Its Rrissiilr~ Pro,n)rau~and The Rill of Rights. 2d printing, 1946. Broadside. rlctiz*ifi~s.By Sergi~~sYakobson. 1946. pp. (10,000 copies) 5 1-66. licprintcd from The :irntricar~ Rcr~ieru on Tht* C(1nterbiic)l Pilgrin~s, .\lirr(ll P(~infi~tgs/!)I Ecru tltr Sorirf Union, August 1946. (500 copies) Ili'trter, ,Ar. :1., in the J\nrtii Kenrfi~rgRoon~, :lnnes. The Libra!). of Co~~grt.ssOrgami:a/iot~ ant1 Z'rocc*(lrrres. Librclry of Cort~rrss,Ill~rstrc~tir~g tl~e Chcrrarte~s of 1946. Gatcfold. Reprinted from the I<*rlcriI Cr?ffrty Cfic~rrcer'sC~n/erhirr)i 7-(~les. 2d ed ., 1 946. Kugistcr, September 1 1, 1946. (1,000 copies) Gatefold. (10,000 copics) Litrcolt~Collectior~s it~*t/le I.ibmr_ll of Congress. 2d ed, :1 Catalog of Itnportant Recent rl(lr/iti~tl.~to the Lr.ssing J. reprinted 1946. 14 p. (10,000 copies) Rosr~~z~~alrlCollectiotl Selected for E.vhihitio~~(it the i\lagna Carta. The Lincoln Cathu(lrol Copy E.si~ibrted Lihror:)? of G~~gress,JIIII~ 7917. Compiled by in /lie Librtlrv of Congrrss. Some Preparerl Frederick R. Goff. With a foreword by Dr. votes 413 Darli(1 C. i\fiarns @ I'trrrer 11' Clapp. 2d ed, A. S. IV. Roscnbach. 1947. 52 p. Reprinted rcprintcd 1946. 16 p. (5,000 copies) from the Q~rnrtrr!)~Jorrrtial ?f Crrrrent ;Icq~risi/ions, ,X>fes on the Lacock .-lbby .\lrr,ona Carta of 7722.5. vol. 4, no. 3. (2,000 copies) By +A. .J.Collins, Deputy Keeper of h,lanuscripts in The Co~~~tit~ltiot~of the U~~iteri Statrs, to get he^ zcit11 011 the British Museum. 1947. 4 p. (5,000 copics) .-Icco~rrrt of Its Travrls since Sep~ember 77, 7787. Ptrblicotiot~s, 7935-46. 1947. 70 p. .A list of Compiled by David C. Mearns and Verner \Ir. Library of Congress publications issued during Clapp. 3d ed., 2d printing, 1946. 44 p. the fiscal years 1936-46, reprinted from the Paper, 10 cents. (5,000 copies) :1t11irral Report[s] of file Librarian of Congress. .a1 Fezc .\'otes, Ec., ~rpot~the Declaration nf ItrdtY)enc/- (3,000 copies) ence IN^ the Cotistitrttion ?f the L'r~ited Stcltrs. The Reorga~~i:clfiotlof the Libra!). of Corigress, 7939-44. 3d printing, 1946. 8 p. (10,000 copies) By :\rchibald MacLeish. 1946. 36 p. Re- (.'lori(/(~'.sCentetr~~ial, Librarr ?f Congress, Alarch 3, printed from The Libracy @larterki, vol. 14, no. 4, 79J5. :In :icll/ress 193 the IIon. Clnirrie Pepp~r,Senator October 1944. (2,000 copies) frorr~ Ho~irla,on /lie Occasiot~of Cerert~o~~iesOfienitig -- Reprint, 1947. (2,000 copies) /he FIorirl(~ Crmtent~inl E.v/zibi/ion at the Libracy of T~PSniithsonian Deposit in the Libra<]! of Cotigruss. Congrers, tog~tirerzctifi~ a Catalog of thr E.vi~ibi~ion. By hlorris C. Leikind. 1946. 3 p. Reprinted 1946. 36 p. Paper, 20 cents. (1,500 copies) from Science, vol. 104, no. 2693, :\ugust 9, '1946. Htstorr nr~dthe I'roblt-111 of IBibiogra~Iy. By Luther (800 copies) H. Evans. 1946. pp. 195-205. Reprinted Te~~t~essee'sSesqtricetite~~ trial E.vhibition Held at the from College and Rtsearch Libraries, July 1946. Library of Congress, Il'ashi~igton, D. C., Jitne 7: (500 copies) 7!Id&October 27, 79d6. 1946. 71 p. Paper, Intmisi~ij Program. 1947. Broadside. (400 $1.00. (1,500 copies) copies) Tesas Cetitennial Exhibition Held at the Libracy Thr Job of the Librarian of Co~lgress. -411 fd(/ress by of irrfhe~11. Ei~~ru,Librarian of Congress, Deliz~ered Congress, Il'ashingfon, D. C., December 75, 7945- 02-er Rnrlio Statiorl Il'TOP. Colirnlbia Broadcastit~g dpril 75, 7936. 1946. 54 p. Paper, 30 cents. S~~sternl,Ilraslzit~gton, D. C., 70:45-77:OO p. nz. , (1,500 copies) JII!)~27, 795. 4th printing, 1946. 4 p. (10,000 T11e Thomas JPgerson J.lttrals bj Ezra Iri'nter, JV. A., copies) in the Thornas JtjTerson Room, Librr~rllof Congress. Jrrstifjcatiorz of the Estimates of rlppro~riationsRe- 3d ed., 1946. 8 p. (10,000 copies) q~rested/<>?/Ire Library of Cor~gressfor Fiscal lbar UJVESCO: +mbol of a Arezo .Igz By Luther H. 793,'. 1946. 146 p. (10,000 copies) Evans. 1947. pp. 319-322. Reprinted from 1 20 APPENDICES

the California Jo~rrnal of Secondary Ed~rcation,vol. Brilletin JV~.74. 1942, reprinted with insert 1947. 21, no. 5, November 1946. (1,500 copies) Copyright law of the United Statcs of America, Thc United Stalps (Irimtc,r!y Rook List. Vol. 2, nos. being the act of March 4, 1909 (in force July 1, 2-4, vol. 3, no. 1. 1946-1947. 35 cents per 1909), as amended . . ., together with Rules copy, $1.25 per volume, domestic; $1.75 per for Practice and Procedure under section 25, volume, foreign. (5,000 copies each issue) by the Supreme Court of the United Statcs. --- Irlrlrx, 7946. 1947. 18 p. (6,000 copies) (1,500 copies)

ACQUISITIONS DEPARTMENT DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGING DIYISION :i Cfleck-list of C~rrrent Serials in tire United States Rtport of the Arfvisory Cornn~ittee on De.~cri,',tioc. zone of Germnry. Prepared by the Library of C(~talogingto tire Librarian of Congress. 1946. Congress Mission, Hq. U. S. Forces, European 15 p. (2,000 copies) Theater, APO 757, U. S. .Army. 1946. 23 p. Rules for Descriptive Cataloging. Preliminary ed., (200 copies received) 1947. 125 p. Paper, 50 cents. (7,500 copies) --- 2d printing, 1947. (1,000 copies) E~~ro,b~an11n/)rints for thf Jj*<~r2-ear$ Recfii~r(fin tflc GENERAL REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Libruy qf Congress nnrl Otfz~rfidrral Librarirs. DIVISION Part 3. Frfncfl Ztnfirints, 79VO-794.5. 1946. 284 p. ' ~l~orzurgianC~rlturr,.4 List of Books and Prriodicals. Reproduced and distributed for the Library of By Sigmund Skard. 1947. Broadside. De- Congress in the public interest by J. W. Edwards, scribes the bibliography listed under Processed publisher. Lithoprinted by Edwards Brothers, Publications. (1,000 copies) IRC.,/Inn Arbor, Mich. (1,000 copies received) Jlorrth~~Cfztrk Li~tof stat^ Pl~blicatiotls. Vol. 37, HISPANIC FOUNDATION nos. 5-12 (May-Deccmbcr 1946) and vol. 38, clntecedrtrtrs bibliotecolo'gicos ir~terarnericanos r intcr- nos. 1-6 (January-June 1947). 1946-1 947. naciomales. 1947. 140 p. (750 copies) 15 cents per copy, $1.50 per year, domestic; A G~iidr to the OJicial Pliblications of tfze Otfler $2.25 per year, to foreign countries that do not Arnrricar~ Reprtblics. 11'. Chile. By Otto Scu- cstend the franking privilege. (800 copies burger. 1947. 94 p. Paper, 25 cents. Latin each issue) :Imerican Series No. 17. (900 copies in paper Jn~lf.~,77913. (Vol. 34). 15 cents per copy. covers and 100 copies bound in cloth) (800 copies) . S17Z. Paragtiay. By James B. Childs. Qri(~rtrr!v Jo~rrnal qf C~rrrent .Icqrrisitior~s. Val. 3, 1947. 61 p. Paper, 15 cents. Latin American no. 4 and vol. 4, nos. 1-3. 1946-1947. Pub- Series No. 15. (900 copies in paper covers and lished as a supplement to the :inntral Rrporf of 100 copies bound in cloth) the Librari(111 of Congrfss. 35 cents per copy, Library Cooperation in tfl~.'inzericas. Coojeracio'n $1.50 per volume, including the :lnnrral Rrport bibliotrcaria en Arnhica. 1947. 21 p. Addrcsses . . ., domestic; $2.00 per volume, foreign. by Luther H. Evans, Librarian of Congress, (5,000 copies each issue) and Jorge Basadre, Director of the National Library of Peru, published in Spanish with AERONAUTICS DIVISION introductory remarks in both English and Air Transportation and .Afational D.J~nse. :In .-IdOress Spanish. (3,000 copies) bp C. R. Smith zuith Ir~trodrrctory RrmarX-s by F. Tr~rbeeDauison. 1947. 21 p. (4,000 copies) LAW LIBRARY d G~ridrto the Lazu and Legal Literatlire of Boliria. CARD DIVISION By Helen L. Clagett. 1947. 110 p. Paper, Handbook of Card Distribution. 7th ed., 2d print- 55 cents. Latin American Series KO. 12. ing. 1946. 88 p. (3,000 copies) (900 copies in paper covers and 100 copies CATALOG MAINTENANCE DIVISION bound in cloth) C~m~nlativeCatalog of Libray of Congress Printed .I G~iideto tile Law and Lfgnl Literature of the Alexican Cards. January-May, 1947. 5 issues. $1 00 States. By Helen L. Clagett. 1947. 180 p. per year, including nine monthly issues, 3 Paper, 60 cents. Latin American Series No. 13. quarterly cumulations and an annual cumulation. (900 copies in paper and 100 copies bound in (1,000-3,500 copies each issue) cloth) -4 Guide to the Lazu anri Legal Literature of Paraguv. COPYRIGHT OFFICE By Helen L. Clagett. 1947. 59 p. Paper, 25 Ann~inl Report of the Register of Co&rrigfzts ,for tile cents. Latin American Series No. 14. (900 Fiscal lpear Ending ,7rine 30, 795. 1946. 9 p. copies in paper covers and 100 copies bound in (750 copies) cloth) 122 REPORT OF THE LIBRARI:\N OF CONGRESS, 1947

So~~gsfrom tfrt Iroquois Lotrghouw: Program ~\'otcsfor :I Crricle to /he Laru n~rdLtgr~l Litcrc~trrrr qf 1~;11r:rtrl1. art ~1lbii111of Arrrerican I~rrlia~rA.lusic front IIIC By Helen L. Clagett. 1947. 128 p. Papcr, Eastern Il'oodlamds. By Willia~n N. Fenton. $1.50. Latin Arnerican Series No. 16. (900 1946. 42 p. Paper, 50 cents. A reprint by copies in paper covers and 100 copics bound in the Library of Congrcss of tllc publication cloth) originally issued by the Smithsonian Institu- The Statrrtory Crirnitlal Lam of Germa~!~r~fitfrComr- tion. (1,500 copies) metits. Prepared by \71adiinir Gsovski. Edited by Eldon R. James. 1947. 276 p. Paper, 45 ORIENTALIA DIVISION ccnts. r\ translation of the German criminal Bibliografify of Pt~riorlicalLitr~~t~rre 011 tfrt* A;.ar ntrd code of 1871, with amendments, togcthcr with ~\li~-I(IleEast. Prepared undcr the direction of the most important supplementary penal statutes Sidney S. Glazer. Nos. 1-2. 1947. Reprinted and with the laws nos. 1 and 11 and proclama- from Tfre ~\licl(lleE(1.rt Jour~rcll. vo1. 1, nos. 1-2. tion no. 3 of the Control Council for Germany. (No. 1-300 copics; no. 2-500 copitbs) (500 copies) Et~ritret~tCflirrest of /hc Cfr'i~rg I'rriod (76-14-7912). 1-01. 11, P-%. Edited by i\rtl~ul.1%'. Hummcl. LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE SERVICE 1944, rcprintecf 1946. pp. 605-1 103. Cloth, $2.00. (500 copir-s, reprinted by the Supcrin- tcndcnt of Documents)'

tr~rion. 1946. 141 p. Papcr, 25 ccnts. (Ho~~sc PRINTS AND fHOTOGRAPHS DIVISION Doc. No. 754. 79th Congress, 2d session.) ~llrrt,Il~I(/f,(ls ill S/a/L,Ltx;s[(l~lrrt,J. 79.1.1-45. Rt,- c(l/alog of z'gtfr.hktiorla1 E.vfribic!iO~r of z'rillfs :\latle cllrrirrg tlrt. C~rrrfnt3 im., I-It.ld (I/ //IFLibrary virro of Larcs ENNC/E~(Irrri~rg/frc Bit*~rrrirrm. 1947. ?f Corr~ressA~a]'7--.11rg115t 79'17- 1947. l5 P' 98 p. Paper, 20 cents. State Law Discst (1,500 copies) Report No. 8. (1 0,000 copics) -- . 2d printing, 1947. (2,000 copies) PROCESSING DEPARTMENT Diges! qf Prrblic Cfrrrral Bills rci/fr I11(1t-.r. 79th Con- C(ll(l1ogirr.g Srrz*icr. Bulletins 4- 10. 1946-1 947. gress, 3d scssion, no. 6. 80th Congress, 1st (1 0,000-20,000 cac!~issue) session, nos. 1-2. 1946-1947. $2.00 per scs- ---. Bulletin 5, rcprintcc! 1947. (2,000 copies) sion. (1,250 copics each issl~e) RARE BOOKS DIVISION hlANUSCRIPTS DIVISION Le C/rrz*~IitrDi1ihh.i 1!y Olirier (If la .\IN)z/IP,I'ri~r/ed -4 Grride to .\lanrcscri/ts Rf11/i11g to ;lnrt.ricrrrr Ilisto~:r a/ I'or is in 74%'. :1 Re~ro(lrtr/ioni\lmcle -f~on1 the irr Brilisil De/lositorit~sRtprorlrrn*d for tfrr L)ir!ision Co/y i11 //re Lrssi~rx J. Z?o~r~rz(~(l/(lCo/lt,c/io~r, of .IIanrrscri//s qf tire Libra91 of Co11grr.o~. By Library of COII~~PSS.1946. 166 p. (200 copies) Grace Gardncr Griffin. 1946. 31 3 p. Boards, 2d printing, 1917. Cloth, $2.00. $1.25. (500 copics) (2,487 copics) Doclrini~c/rri.r/ia~r(~. T/IP firs/ Book Pritr/er/ in //re hlOTION PICTURE DIVISION Z'f~i/i~)j)i~rr.r,- - ~\1~11ril(1, 7593. .a1 I;(rcsi~~ril~of //re :1 J\rational Fi111r Libray--Tfre prob1~.111qf S~c.lrc/iorr. Cv/y in /fie LPSS~II~J. Ros~~IIz(~NIRCoIIrc/io~, By john G. Bradley. 1946. pp. 63-72. Kc- Librar_)lof Corrgrtss, Il'cls/ri~rgton. With an intro- printed from the Jonr~ral qf //re Socie!)~ of .\loti011 ductory essay by E~iwin 2nd- 1947. Picture E~rgir~errs,rol. 47, no. I ,July 1946. (500 128 P. Boards, $2.00. (2,500 copies) copies) SUBJECT CATALOGING DIVISION MUSIC DIVISION CI~ssiJic(~tiorr.Class A. Gr~rrralIlkrks, Po[~grn/)fy. Catalog of Pfrotrogra/lh Rccors: St.lcc/t.rl Titlcs fronr 3d cd., 1947. 47 p. Paper, 45 ccnts. (1,000 the ;Ircfriz~e of .+lmtrican Folk Sor~g, Issrrrd to copies) Ja~rrrarl. 79-13. 5th issuc, 1947. 16 p. (5,000 Class D. LT~~irersalarid Old I170rld I-lislory. copies) 1916, reprinted 1946. 633 p. Paper, $1.00. Folk Allisic of Ihe Unitrd Stakr. Catalog of Photlo- (500 copies) gra/h Records .hro. 2. 3d printing. 1947. 12 p. Class D. Srr/$lemetr/ 2. Second Il,-orll (4,000 copies). Il'ar. (Pr~liminnye(1ifiotr as qf Jrrnc 7946). 1947. Pa~ar~itriatra.2d separate printing, 1947. 19 p. 19 p. Paper, 35 cents. (1,000 copies) Reprinted from the Qrrarttrh Jorrrmal of ~1;rerrt Class E-I;. ..lnrericu. 2d cd., 1913, rc- ;lcqrrisitiotrs, vol. 2, no. 2, February 1945. printed 1946. 298 p. Paper, 70 cents. (500 (1,000 copies) copies) APPENDICES 123

Classijicafion. Litertifrrrr. (Sirbcl(lsscs PAr, PR, I'S, 1947). 1946-1947. 81.00 per year. (700 P). J : Gterl Lilt.racy Hislory nn(l Collrcliorrs. copics each issue) PR: Etrgli.r/ Litrrtitrrre. PS: Artiericnn Lilertltnre. Nos. 11, 12, 14, 33, 34, and 39. Re- 1';: 1:iction atld Jrrre~rilr Litrrtrttr~r. 1 91 5, re- prin tccl 1 947. printed 1946. 273 p. Paper, 65 cents. (500 hhtes NIII~Decisio~ls011 the rlpplicaliorr of the Decinial copics) ClnsslJcution. .Yecot~d Series. Nos. 17-20. (July --- C1:lnss R. ~llr(licitrr. 2cl cd., 1921, rc- 1946-April 1947). 1946-1 947. 25 cents per printccl 1946. 184 p. Paper, 50 ccnts. (700 year. (1,500 copies each issue) copics) Nos. 1, 6, and 11. Reprinted 1917.

--- C/(lss 1'. J\nrld Scierrrt7. 1 91 0, rcprin ted 1946. 106 p. I'apcr, 35 ccnts. (500 copics) UNION CATALOG DIVISION --- Cklss <. Bib/iogrtl/)/!~~czntl Librtlry Sciettce. Cililrll Sla~es .4tlfhor fIeadi~igs Iticlirdi~ig T/iose 3cl ccl., 1926, rcprintccl 1946. 153 p. Paper, rl(lofI~tl lfte Librar)~of Cotigress or -4fihearirig in 45 cents. (500 copics) fhu Crtiiom C(JI(J/O,~.1946. 21 1 p. Reprinted L. C. C/~~.rsrjication-;l1f~1itiotts(lnd C/i(lr~grs. Nos. from vol. 151 of ;l C(11(1log of Books IKprrsrntu(1 62-65 (April -June 1946-January-hlarch by Librttr), nj Cbtlgress Pritilcd Cut ds. (1,600 copies)

B. PROCESSED PURLIC:=\TIONS

GENERAL REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY DIVISION Arr tfw A.lorgen!huir 1Jiclrir.r Prirvafe I'roj,er[s? An Biogrcl/~/ricalSorrrces for Foreign Cotrntries. I. Grnrral. .a1 (l(1ress1)rliz~t~rrtl ovrr Colrrnt bin IIroat/ctistitrg Spsterrt , /.'!hrrrnrll 6, 7947 hr Ltrtft~rH. I~YIIIJ,Lihraricln nf Compilcci by Helen ~;dcnl~ostclJones. 2d Cortgri~ss. 1947. 3 p. Xlirnco~raphccl. (500 issuc, 1946. 76 11. hlimcographccl. (750 copics) copies) II. Gcmtnr!r and -4irsfrin. C:ompilcd by Drqj-L nf the Xt;Onrt nf thr* Librnt~q of Co~tgrrssI'olicy Nelson K. Burr. 2d issue, 1946. 211 p. I'/nrlriitig Cotttmitter. 197 22 p. hlimco- A~lirncograpliccl. (400 copics) graphcci. (200 co~;ics) 11-. T/rr j'n/)(ittrsr Ettr/)irr. Con1piled I)? Informntion B~rllt~lin.July 2-July 8, 1946-June- Nelson K. Burr. 2d issue, 1946. 114 p. 24-June 30, 1947. 1946-1947. 51 nos. Mu1- h~limcographccl. (750 copies) tilitlied. (2,750-3,800 copies each issuc) C/iit!a: :I .St,lcclrd List of Rtft.rriict.s on Contvmporory IJrrss Rclr(~.rcs. Nos. 348-420. 1946-1 947. hIi1n- Eroriomir and I~rdrrslrial I)rr.t.lopmetif, rciilfi S/)ecial rographcd. (150-1,000 copics cacli) Ettr/)fiasis on Posl- I1 ;lr Rrconsfrrrctiotz. Cornpi led Problrms Faci~ig t/it. Librnt;~*qf Cottgrc.~~.. Talk 11y Hclcn F. C:onovcr. Kcviscd cd., 1946. Girvn brfnrr n Joint .\Ict-tiry nf //it-Clc'lcceland C/inl,ter, 118 p. Xlimrorraphccl. (500 copies) it1 nf .Y/)t.cicll Li6rmitp.r :ls.corinfion NII~thtp Libracs (71~6of J(~/)arrt.sr Iftr C-'nitrtl Stntrs: '-1 Selrcfcd List C/rvclott(l and I'icinit y . . . 0rtobt.r (1, 79.15. By Rrfirt~rrczz. Compilcd by Hclcn Di~clenbostcl Luther H. Evans. 2d issue. 1946. 4 p. Jones. 1936. 36 p. hiirneo~rapl~ccl. (500 h.Ii11tili thcd. &cp~~ocluccclfrom S/)t.cicl/ Libraries, copics) Ilccember 1945. (1,000 copier;) illotit.1. rid R~~kitt~::1 Sdrctc11 List Of Rtferc~tcrs. Srr~gt~stions.for a Proyam of Libraty Cooprrafion. Co~npilcdby Hclcn F. Conovcr. 1946. 14 p. Ra.vcrl on am ilO(1ress Gic~rihtfort the Inter-rlmiericam h~limcographcd. (500 copies) Librorv Cot?ferettcc . . . .\larc/l 30, 79-16 at thc Post- I 1'~rI'roblmu. 11 Crrrrerit List of L71riL.d States I'm ~lttrt~ricat~ZTttion. By Luther H. Evans. 2d Goa~rr~mc~ntP?tb/ic.diom-. Ortobrr-I)errtt~brr 79-15. issuc, 1947. 25 1. hlinlcographecl. (500 copics) Colnpilccl 1)y Katherine Oliver h,lurra with the collaboration of librarians of the Fcdcral Te.mncl in lhr .Mclfioti's C(i/)it,ll. By Luther H. Evans. I 1947. pp. 220-235. h.Iultilithcd. Kcproclucccl agencies. 1946. 27 1 p. Mimeographed. from Sotr!hrc~estn.n Z-Iistorical QrrnrLrl_1., October (1,250 copics) 1946. (500 copics) LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE SERVICE DIVISION FOR THE BLIND Atontic Ettttgr: Sigt~ifirc/rrttR~t.rt~ticrs Coi*rritig Inriorrs Cf~ech-List oj Ettt bossed Books, 79-111-79d6. 1946. --ls/)cct.rnf tht. Sirbjt'if, /lrrclnged To/~icollr. Series 7 p. h3ultilithcd. (3,500 copies) I, no. 21: Series 11, nos. 1-3. March-June Chrck List of Tnlkitig Books, 794d-79.IIi. 1946. 1947. hfirneograpl~cd. (50-300 copies each 6 p. Multilithcd. (7,500 copics) issuc) Bib/iogrc~f~/ycf P~rblicci/io~rsb)~.\lenrhrt.\ of Ihf Gcllncr. 1947. 188 p. Xiultilithed. (950 Srzlrtr/s-.Sin/lr Congrrss. Compiled by George H. copics) hiilne. assisted by :Il\~inSccrcst and E. Elcanor No. 51. Ecl~ica/ic~~ralo~rd C~rllrrral Rrln/iorrs zcqilh Kings. 1946. 13 p. hlimcographed. (500 copies) /:ortsi{rr (;i)~rlll~if.r.By Cllarles .A. Quattlebaum. Check-List qf State Bills qf 77917. Nos. 1-98. 1947. 82 p. A,iultilithcd. (800 copics) January 1-June 30, 1947. hlimcoqraphcd. Some R~CPII/I1ook.r 011 Prrblic -4ffclis.r. for Ciilc~rle~tionin Issl~cddaily. (250-450 copicxs r-ach issue) /Ire /look Root~rs. Lists no. 30-31. A,limeo- Check-Lisl qf S/o/c Larus nf 79.0.17. January 1- graphcd. (600 copics) .June 30, 1947. Nos. 1-23: 24-26. 29. Mimco- S/c~/rLegi.rln/iorr qf 19-15. Srrnrmc~rirs LLNZOSClcr- RI-aphcd. Issued irregularly. (350-450 copies rrn/!]l Rec~iztetl in tlrr Lil)ra<,l cf Congress. Vol. 3, each issue) nos. 14-1 7. May-October 1946. Mirnco- Di.c~.r/ of Arhlir Grnrral Bills. .$~rPfdrm~n/.79th graphed. (450-500 copics each issuc) Congress, 2d session-80th Congress, 1st session. S~rt~rmc~riesqf C~NIIII~//P~Heari~~g.r. (G Serie.r) NOS. 4 nos. 1946-1 947. hlimcographed. (1.900 1322-1 333, New suies nos. 1-570. 1946-1 947. copics each issue) hlimrographcd. (1 50-400 copies tach issue) FeeIrral :lid /o Elementar)! and St.mnda~;y EeI~rca/ion. 7-hr 7!f1-Ellfncl~r-I! h.gnrr Genpral I-lortsirr~ Bill. (h'acfigro~rnd nnd Analssis qf /hr C11rrrn1 Qurr ion.) (I'ro/)o.veci -V~I/~OII~J/Ilo1r.ri118 Co~~rr~rissio~t :lc/: S. 866, Bv Cllarlrs :I. Quattlrbaum. 1947. 10 p. SO/h Corrgre.rs, 7s1 se.r.riotr) By Jack Lcvin. 1947. hiimcographcd. (250 copies) 4 1. hli~neographcd. (350 copies) I\/~jor Gozrr?rmen/ Lendi~;,n A~e11cie.r. 1947. 224 p. TIIP lTnc~~~eli/io~led~Ilo.r/-hi'orrel-.Ar[~/iotr Poliqp of /Ire Aiultilithcd. (85 copies) ITr1i/pcl S/O/PS. By Ho\varcl S. Piquet. 1947. hrblic :!flairs .lh.r/rar/.r. Nos. 382-441 : Nrw series 17 1. hiultilithccl. (400 copies) nos. 1-1-1 9-1 1. S946-1947. hiimcoqraphcd MAPS DIVISION and multilithcd. (100-850 copics cach issuc) Clc~.~.r$cc~liotl. Class .\1e1p.r. 37w-9999. 11'1 e- P~~blir.-!ffnir c Brrlle/ins: c. c linrinc~rr ~rc!j/] 1946. 58 1. Mimeographed. No. 46. Finntrci~rgSocial Stcrtri!~. By Raymond (500 copies) E. hianning. 1946. 118 p. hlirncographed. (900 copies) OHIENTALIA DIVISION No. 47. firesl~y .dclizi/irs of /ire Ft~dt~rnlCoarrn- .%JII//I~~I.FI:!riel, 793:j-.4.5: :I .~t'/fclec~Lisl qf R

and Ana!rsrs ?f Sclectcd Bills. By Gustav Peck. IZrrssia: :l C11rck Lis/ Prcliminnry to (1 ll~.ric Bihli- 1947. 92 p. h,iultilitlled. (950 copies) o~reijd!)~r$ Alaleria1.s in /lrr R~rssimtr Lrrtr~~rnp. NO. 49. LTrri/ed Stotfs Polig' /ozc*ntd .lrgcm/inri: :I Part 10. R~f~renreBooks. 1946. 227 p. Srrrrltyl of Pas/ atd Pre.rrn~ PoIi~)~,By Lottic M. hlimeographed. (250 copies) Alanross. 1947. 58 p. Multilithcd. (950 copies) -- UNION CATALOG DIVISION No. 50. Thr Pnl~s/inehoblrrn: :1tr :lne~!s.ris- Select Lisf of Lltrloco/~ci Resrarrh Books. NO. 10. Historical arid Con/rmfiorary. By Charles R. 1946. 49 p. hgultilithed. (500 copies)

C. BOOKS FOR THE BLIND PURCHASED FOR DISTRIBUTION TO THE REGIONAL LIBRARIES

I. BOOKS IN BRAILLE TYPE Beck, Lily A. Story of oriental philosophy. 3 12dams, Franklin P. Innocent men-imcnt. 6 vols. 35 copies. vols. 25 copies. Bedside Rook of famous stories. 8 vols. 30 .4ngle, Paul. Lincoln reader. 7 vols. 25 copies: copics. .Asch, Sholem. East river. 6 vols. 26 copics. Bell, Eric Temple. lien of mathematics. 10 Baker, Mrs. Louise (Maswcll). Out on a limb. vols. 25 copics. 2 ~01s.26 copics. Bok, Curtis. I, too, Nicodemus. 3 vols. 25 copies. Banning, Margaret Culkin. The clever sister. Bromfield, Louis. Early Autumn. 3 vols. 25 4 vols. 25 copies. copies. Beach, Rex. \Vorld in his arms. 2 vols. 25 Buck, Pearl. Pavilion of women. 4 vols. 26 copies. copies. APPENDICES

Carroll, Alice. Complete guicle to knitting and Gciringcr, Karl. Haydn, A creative life in crocheting. 5 vols. 25 copies. Music. 5 vols. 25 copies. Caspary, Vera. Stranger than truth. 3 vols. Godden, Rumer. The river. 1 vol. 25 copies. 25 copies. Greenslet, Ferris. Lowclls and their seven Cather, Willa. 0 pioneers. 2 vols. 25 copies. \vorlds. 5 vols. 25 copies. Cerf, Bennett. Farnous ghost stories. 4 vols. Grey, Zane. Valley of wlL-4 horses. 3 vols. 25 25 copies. copies. Christie, Agatha. The hollow. 3 vols. 25 Guthrie, Alfred B. Thc big sky. 4 vols. 25 copies. copies. Colum, Mary. Life and the dream. 5 vols. Hanson, Joseph h8lills. Conquest of the Missouri. 25 copics. 4 vols. 25 copies. Cooper, Louise Field. Summer stranger. 3 vols. Hecht, Selig. Esplaining the atom. 2 vols. 25 25 copies. copies. Cronin, Andrew J. The keys of the kingdom. Heggon, Thomas. hlistcr Roberts. 2 vols. 26 4 vols. 15 copies. copies. Dc La Roche, hlazo. Return to Jalna. 4 vols. Heyer, Georgette. Reluctant widow. 3 vols. 25 copies. 25 copies. . Dickens, Charles. Great expectations. 6 vols. Holbrook, Stewart Hall. Lost men of American 25 copies. history. 4 \~ols. 26 copies. Dos Passos, John R. Tour of duty. 4 vols. 25 Jennings, John Edward. Salem frigate. 6 vols. copies. 25 copies. Douglas, Lloyd C.: Johnson, James \V. Along this wav. 6 vols. 25 Disputed passage. 4 vols. 11 copics. copies. The Robe. 7 vols. 25 copies. Jones. Idwal. I'ermillion. 6 vols. 25 copies. Douglas, Norman. South wind. 5 vols. 25 Kendrick, Barnard. Make mine McCain. 2 vols. copies. 25 copies. Durant, Will. Story of philosophy. 7 vols. 25 Lamont, Thomas Wm. hiy boyhood in a parson- copies. age. I vol. 25 copies. Edman, Irwin. Philosopher's quest. 3 vols. 25 Lancaster, Bruce. Scarlet patch. 6 vols. 25 copies. copies. Eisenberg, Philip. 1,Vhy we act as we do. 3 vols. Lane, Ferdinand C. h*iysterious sea. 4 vols. 25 copies. 25 copies. Fast, Howard. The :lmerican. 3 vols. 25 Levi, Carlo. Christ stopped at Eboli. 3 vols. copies. 25 copies. Fcrher, Edna. One basket: 31 short stories. 8 Lewis, Sinclair: vols. 25 copies. Babbitt. 5 vols. 25 copics. Finletter, Gretchen. From the top of the stairs. Kingsblood Royal. 4 vols. 25 copies. 2 vols. 26 copies. Liebman, Joshua L. Peace of mind. 2 vols. Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary. 4 vols. 25 25 copies. copies. Lindsay, Howard Crouse. State of the union. Fletcher, H. L. V. Miss rlgatha doubles for 1 vol. 25 copies. death. 2 vols. 25 copies. Lockridge, Frances and Richard. Think of death. Fletcher, (Mrs.) Inglis. Toil of the brave. 7 4 vols. 25 copies. vols. 26 copies. Lomas, John A. Adventures of a ballad hunter. Ford, Leslie. Woman in black. 3 vols. 25 4 vols. 25 copies. copics. Loti, Pierre. An Iceland fisherman. 2 vols. Forester, Cecil Scott. Lord Hornblower. 3 vols. 25 copics. 25 copies. McDonald, Angus H. Old McDonald had a Fosdick, Harry Emerson. On being fit to live farm. 3 vols. 25 copies. with. 3 vols. 25 copies. McDonald, William Colt. Thunderbird trail. Fox, Monroe L. Blind adventure. 1 vol. 25 2 vols. 25 copies. copies. McGerr, Pat. Pick your victim. 2 vols. 25 Gallico, Paul. Confessions. 9 vols. 25 copies. copies. Gardner, Erle Stanley. Case of the borrowed McPhee, Colin. House in Bali. 2 vols. 26 copies. brunette. 2 vols. 25 copies. Marmur, Jacland. Andromeda. 2 vols. 2 copies. Garland, Hamilin. Son of the middle border. Marquand, john Philips. B. F.'s Daughter. 5 hiarshall, Edison. Shikar and Safari. 3 vols. Stoddard, Henry Luther. Horace Grceley. 4 25 copics. vols. 25 copies. h,iason, tllphcus 'Thomas. Brandcis, a free rnan's Stone, Hannah 13. h,farriagc manual. 4 vols. life. 12 vols. 25 copies. 25 copics. hlaugham, !Ir. Somerset. The mist~rrcas bcfore. Stone, Irving. Clarence Darrow for thc defense. 3 vols. 25 copies. 8 vols. 25 copics. hiitchell, \Villiarr~ 0. \j7ho has seen the wind. Stong, Phil. State fair. 2 vols. 26 copics. 3 \TOIS. 25 copics. Szigeti, Joseph. \17ith strings attached. 4 vols. Nathan. Robert. Mr. \Vhittlc anci tht* morning 25 copics. star. 1 vol. 25 copics. Thornc, Anthony. So long at the fair. 2 vols. Norris, Frank. Pit. 4 vols. 25 copics. 25 copics. Norway, Nevi1 Shute. Chequcr board. 4 vols. Tolstoi, Leo. licsurrcction. 6 vols. 25 copics. 25 copics. U. S. indiviciual income tax return form 1040 O'hJcara, IViltcr. T!le trees went forth. 2 vols. for 1945. 2 Pam. 100 copics. 25 copit-s. \Yalkcr, Mildred. Quarry. 2 ~01s. 25 copies. Orwell, George. ~lnimalfarm. 1 vol. 26 copies. Waters, Frank. Colorado. 5 vols. 26 copics. Perry, George Sessions. Cities of .4mcrica. 3 IVebb, Mary. Precious banc. 3 vols. 25 copics. vols. 25 copies. \4lebstw's Collegiate dictionary. 31 vols. and Renault, Mary. Return to night. 4 vols. 25 key 1 vols. 26 topics. copies. \Veils, Evelyn. ,Jcd Blainr.'~ woman. 4 vols. Richmond, Bernice. Out island lighthouse, 25 copics. 3 vols. 25 copics. \Ycnt\vorth, Patricia. I,attcr c-nd. 3 vols. 25 Kichtcr, Conrad. Always young and fair. copics. 1 \yol. 25 copics Wharton, Edith. Old maid. 1 vol. 25 copics. Roberts, Richard E. Gilded rooster. 3 vols. Whitman, Rogcr. First aid for the ailing housc. 25 copics. 5 vols. 25 copies. Rowley, Harold. 1Vhcre to sell your manuscript. IYildc, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. 1 pamph. 26 copies. 3 vols. 25 copies. Rutlcdgc, Archibald. Peace in the heart. 3 vols. Williams, Ben ilrncs. Lcavc hcr to heaven. 25 copics. 3 vols. 25 copics. Samuel, Maurice. Web of Lucifer. 7 vols. Wodehouse, Pelham G. Joy in the morning. 25 copies. 3 vols. 25 copics. Sanderson, Ivan Terrance. ilnimal tales. 10 \4'right, Frank Lloyd. .I\utobiography. 6 vols. vols. 26 copics. 35 copies. Savagc, Lee. Treasure of the Brasada. 2 vols. Ycrby, Frank. \'isens. 3 vols. 25 copies. 25 copies. Zwcig, Stcfan. Balzac. 5 vols. 26 copies. Scelcy, h4abel. 1Yhispering cup. 3 vols. 25 copics. 11. BOOKS IN MOON TYPE Sevareid, Eric. Not so \~ilda dream, 7 vols. Buchan, John. Path of the king. 6 vols. 26 copics. 15 copies. Shepard, Odcll. Holdfast Gaincs. 9 vols. 26 Carnegie, Dale. Five mirlutc biographies. 4 copics. vols. 15 copies. Short, Luke. And the wind blo~rsfree. 2 vols. Christie, Agatha. N or PI$. 4 vols. 15 copies. 25 copies. Porter, Eleanor. Miss Billy. 4 vols. 15 copies. Silone, Ignazio. Fontamara. 2 vols. 26 copics. Rinehart, Mary R. Circular staircase. 5 vols. Sinclair, Upton: 15 copies. Dragon's teeth. 8 vols. 25 copics. \'an Dine, S. S. Grecnc murder case. 6 vols. Presidential mission. 8 vols. 25 copies. 15 copics. Small, Marie. Four fares to Juneau. 2 vols. 111. TALKING BOOKS 25 copies. Smith, Logan P. All trivia. 2 vols. 25 copies. Austen, Jane. Sense and sensibility. 26 records. Steele, Wilbur Daniel. Best Stories of Wilbur 32 copies. Daniel Steele. 6 vols. 25 copies. Bemelmans, Ludwig. Hotel Bemelmans. 23 Stefansson, Vihjalmar. Great adventures and records. 67 copies. explorations. I0 vols. 25 copies. Bennett, Arnold. How to live on 24 hours a day. Still, Alfred S. Soul of Amer. 4 vols. 25 copies. 3 records. 32 copies. APPENDICES

Blackmorc, Richard D. Lorna Doone. 49 rcc- Htighcs, Dorothy B. Ride the pink horse. 15 ords. 32 copies. recorcis. 67 copies. Burgess, Perry. Who walks alone. 17 rccords. Irwin, Margaret. Young Rcss. 19 records. 97 copies. 32 copics. Butcher, Harry. h4y thrve years with General James, Marquis. Andrew Jackson: Portrait of a Eisenhower. 79 records. 32 copies. President. 35 records. 54 copies. Chevigny, Hector. h4y cycs have a cold nose. Lever, Charles. Charles O'Malley. 75 records. 16 records. 97 copies: 32 copies. Clapper, Olive. Washington tapestry. 16 rec- hlcCarthy, Justin. If I were king. 10 records. ords. 99 copies. 67 copies. Costain, Thomas. Black rose. 33 records. 121 hclora, Joseph J. Trail ciust and saddle leather. copies. 16 records. 54 copies. Cycasey, Edward. 15 decisive battles of the O'Hara, Mary. Green grass of Wyoming. 23 world. 45 recorcls. . 32 copies. records. 121 copies. Dickcns, Charles: Dombey and son. 68 records. 32 copies. Pares, Bernard. Russia. 24 records. 44 copies. Martin Chuzzlcwit. 60 records. 32 copics. Schmidt, Gladys. David the king. 64 records. Nicholas Nickleby. 62 records. 32 copies. 32 copies. Dumas, Alexandre. Twenty years after. 55 rec- Scifert, Shirley. Captain Grant. 42 records. ords. 32 copies. 121 copies. Eliot, George. Romola. 49 rccords. 32 copies. Seton, Anya. Turquoise. 28 records. 32 copies. Ellery Queen's mystery magazine. 12 records. Stout, Rex. Silent speaker. 14 records. 120 132 copies; 12 records. 6 mo. 126 copies. copies. Fast, Howard. American. 23 records. 32 copies. Trollope, Anthony. Barchcster towers. 40 rec- Forester, Cecil S. Lord Hornblower. 17 rec- cords. 67 copies. ords. 121 copies. \Vainwright, Jonathan. Wainwright's own story. Forester, Edward h4. Passage to India. 25 rec- 17 records. 99 copies. ords. 59 copies. \Vatigh, Evelyn. Brideshead revisited. 23 rec- Freedman, Bcnedict and Nancy. h41-s. Mike. cords. 121 copies. 25 records. 120 copies. IVellman, Paul. Walls of Jericho. 29 records. Front line, 1940-41. 11 records. 44 copies. 121 copies. Grey, Zane. Shadow on the trail. 17 records. 120 copies. \Vhite, Stewart R. Long rifle. 33 records. 121 Herscy, John. Hiroshima. 8 records. 54 copies. copies. Holmes, Oliver W. Elsie Venner. 27 records. \Yhite, Theodore. Thunder out of China. 25 32 copies. records. 54 copies. Hudson, William H. Far away and long ago. \Vhite, William Allen. Autobiography of. 60 22 records. 44 copies. records. 99 copies. Appendix VI. Partial List of Reports prepared in the Legislative Reference Service, Fiscal Year 1947 A. UNPUBLISHED REPORTS

I. FEDERAL LAW SECTION Congressional Rcferencc of Private Claims to Court of Claims. June 9, 1947. 2 pages. Oglrhay, Robcrt S.: Right of Review of Tax Court Determinations Constitutionality of Federal Statute Prohibiting Under the Renegotiation Act. June 14, 1947. 2 or Regulating Liquor Advertising. April 9, 1947. pages. 4 pages. The Presidential Veto and its Effcct on Recon- Hornr, Frank B.: sideration of a Bill. May 20, 1947. 5 pages. Congressional Investigation of the Executive The Equity Power of the United States Courts, Branch. May 3, 1947. 23 pages. Uses of Receiverships, and Related Matters with Contempt of Congress and its Committees. Respect to Settlement of Labor Disputes. April May 13, 1947. 26, pases. 14, 1947. 20 pages. Report on S. 15, 80th Congress. Mar. 23, 1947. The Closed Shop. h,larch 19, 1947. 12 pagcs. 3 pages. .\nalysis of H. R. 3237 (Railroad Reorganization Report on H. R. 3020, 80th Congress. April Bill). June 19, 1947. 17 pages. 25, 1947. 11 pages. Principal Objectives and Features of Section 75 Report on S. 198, 80th Congress. January of the Bankruptcy .4ct. March 24, 1947. 3 pages. 1947. 6 pages. Federal Regulation of Union Shop hkmbcrship. Report on the 'yury Bills." January 1947. 8 llay 9, 1947. 3 pages. pages. Effects of Election Fraud. June 10, 1947. Group Libel. February 12, 1947. 9 pages. 4 pages. Background of Logan Act. April 18, 1947. 3 Applicability of Law on Annual Leave with pages. Respect to Law Clerks and Secretaries of Federal A Statement on the Application of the Anti- Judges. June 17, 1947. 4 pages. Trust Laws to the Acquisition of Assets and to the Power of President to Declare an Emergency. Coverage of Labor Unions. March 1947. 27 June 27, 1947. 4 pages. pages. Power of Congress to Prescribe the Territorial Judicial Interpretation 01 the ;Inti-Trust Laws. Effect of a Divorce Decree. April 11, 1947. October 28, 1946. 11 pages. 4 pages. Ftnnrll, Margaret: Right of Labor Union to Expel or Exclude Per- son Therefrom where Closed Shop Agreement is Limitations on Acts in Civil Cases as Fixed by in Effect. April 14, 1947. 5 pages. Provisions of Federal Laws. February 28, 1947. Suability of War Assets Administration. May 2 pages. 21, 1947. 5 pages. Nott, Rebecca L.: Do Life Insurance Agents Benefit from Social Regulations governing Admission of Security? May 27, 1947. 5 pages. to Practice before Federal Administrative Agcn- Congressional Intent as to Veterans' Prcfercnce cies (in forcc on July 1, 1946). July 29, 1946. Act Concerning Reductions in Force. May 14, 6 pages. 1947. 5 pages. Federal Housing Legislation 1933-1 946 (through Legislative Address. March 25, 1947. 3 pages. July 31, 1946). August 7, 1946. 9 pages. Use of Public Land for Grazing Purposes. Acts of Congress Supporting Agricultural Com- hlay 2, 1947. 13 pages. modity Prices, in Force on January 1, 1947. Lralidity of a Fair Employment Practice Act January 23, 1947. 8 pages. Applicable Only in States Acquiescing. March Special Federal Agencies, Bureaus, etc., estab- 11, 1947. 3 pages. lished or functioning during World War I1 (May Employer's Right of Free Speech under the 25, 1940-February 1, 1947). February 14, 1947. N. L. R. A. April 14, 1947. 3 pages. 41 pages. Grants-in-Aid to States, ctc. :Ipril 4, 1947. of Jilnc 15, 1947, as amended', and the Alien 29 pages. Registration Act of 1940, to Increase I'cnalties Lists of Obsolete Laws which Should be Re- for Violation of such tIcts." April 15, 1947. 3 pcalcti. April 11, 1947. 6 pages. pages. rIcts of C:ongrcss Restricting Private Employ- Memorandum on the Proposal and Ratification ment 2nd Interests of Federal Oficcrs and Em- of Amendments to the Constitution of the United ployees or cs-Employees. June 26. 1947. 15 States. April 10, 1947. 5 pages. pagcs. Mernorandum on the Posver of the Fcderal Government to :Ict in Protecting the Right of a hit~~ler~~,E(izuirz: Citizen to I'ote in a State Election. April 11, j'eterans Laws (compilation). September 6, 1947. 2 pages. 1946. 19 pages. Authority of Internal Revenue Agents to Es- Hearings and Reports on :Inti-Poll Tas. June amine Records in Determining Tas Liability. 26, 1947. 7 pagcs. tlpril 28, 1947. 5 pages. Fair Employment Practices (comparison of Chronological Listing of Legislative :Icts and Rills on sul~jcct). June 1947. Table. Principal Executive Orders in Selected Fields I l;c.llnt~d,Jtn~ie: during the ildministration of President Koosevelt. tIrming of Merchant Ships- 1,cgislativc. Action June 10 (supplcrnented June 27), 1747. 17 pages. since 1917. June 27, 1947. [31 pages. Comparison and Evaluation of H. K.3090 and 11. STATE LAW SECTION H. R. 61 59. May 7, 1947. 3 pages. Dugis, John: Definition of Selected Terms in Labor Laws of Jurisdiction of District C:ourt for District of Certain States. h,larch 7, 1947. 34 pagcs. Columbia, U. S. Attorney, and U. S. C:ourt of State Labor Relations :Icts--legislative His- :\ppeals. h4arch 18, 1947. 8 pages tory; Operation of Laws. klay 1946. 21 pages. Statement of Farrn Parity Prograrn. :Ipril 18, Security Devices Under Old Age Assistance 1947. 2 pagcs. Laws (as of January 1, 1945). September 27, Jurisdiction of Standing Comrnittecs of the 1946. 3 pages. Senate. May 10, 1947. 2 pages. Gibbs, C. R.: Work Load of the House in 79th Congress and the First Two Months of the 80th Congress. Cancer Control Funds :Ivailable to the States. h,larch 31, 1947. 5 pages. February 11, 1947. Table. Analysis of the Conference Report on the Hous- Power of a h*iunicipality to Enforce its Police ing and Rcnt :Ict of 1947. June 24, 1947. 3 Power as against the Federal Govcmment. pages. January 30, 1947. 3 pagcs. Comparison of the Definitions of Certain Crimes in H. K. 495, 80th Congress, and in Several Jurisdiction of Corporation Counsel, Juvenile Selected States. .-Ipril 14, 1947. 11 pages. Court, klunicipal Court, klunicipal Court of Monetary Valuation of Grand and Petty :Ippcals and United States Commissioners in the Larceny in the States. :Ipril 30, 1947. 8 pages. District of Columbia. h4arch 18, 1947. 9 pages. Analysis of S. 605-":I Bill to Consolidate in S~ifl,5'. H., Jr.: the Department ofJusticc the Function of Furnish- h,lississippi Primary and General Election ing Legal :Idvice to Government tIgcncies." Laws-j7alidity under Judicial Surveillance. March 21, 1947. 3 pages. (For U. S. Senate, Committee on Elections.) :Inalysis of S. 81 8-":I Bill to Establish a Bureau November 30, 1946. 5 pages. of Immigration and Naturalization as an Inde- h(1ississippi and Tcsas Primary Election Laws, pendent Agency of the United States." March A Comparison. (For U. S. Senate, Committee 26, 1947. 2 pages. on Elections.) November 30, 1946. 25 pages. Analysis of H. R. 318-":I Bill to Require Mississippi Primary and General Election Certain Persons within tlle United States to Carry Laws, rIppendis, Cites Louisiana, Texas, Okla- Identification Cards and to be Fingerprinted." homa, and Georgia Cases. (For U. S. Senate, March 31, 1947. 7 pages. Committee on Elections.) November 27, 1946. Analysis of S. 242-"A Bill to /\mend the Act 45 pages. entitled 'An Act to Punish :Icts of Interference Selection of Candidates by Primary or Inde- with the Foreign Relations, the Neutrality, and pendent Nomination. December 27, 1946. 123 the Foreign Commerce of the United States, etc., pages. 766315-45-9 130 . KEPOII'1' OF 'I'HE I,IBRr\RI:\N 01' CONGRESS, 1947 Poll Tases ancl Elections-Historical Llcvclop- IV. GENERAL RESEARCH SECTION mcnt. Dcce~nbcr17, 1946; revised July 18, 1947. ~lllfll,Jlrlills: 19 pagcs. Crcdit Union Policies on Interest Rates and on Legal Effect of Political --\filiation in Filing as C:onsumer Crcdit Cooperatives. June 13, 1947. Candidate for Governor, United States Senator, 5 pagcs. or Representative in Congress. July 29, 1946. The Applicability of the Parity l'rinciplcs to 124 pagcs. hlinc-ral Industries: Factors to be Consiclcrcd. Filling of 1-acancics in Ofice of Unitcd Statcs h4ay 6 and 8, 1947. 6 pages. Senator Under Federal and State Latv. h4arch 13, 1947. 33 pagcs. Balhui~r,:lrnrlia II.: Statc Lcgislatui.cs in :\ction Against Commun- Chronology of Sclectcd outstanding Evcnts in ism. January 20, 1937. GO pagcs. the Lifc ancl Administration of Franklin D. Roosc- . Statc Laws Relating to Taxation of Air Com- vel t. .4pri1 10, 1947. 16 pages. merce. Dcccmber 13, 1946. 32 pagcs. &(I//, D~r(ll~y: Sr11ull,.Ar. 3.: Foreign Loans (Parts 1 ancl 2). April 9, 1947. . Ans\vcrs to Spccific Questions Relating to Com- 16 pagcs. munity Property. February 22, 1947. 7 pages. Billir?_~s,E. State Xlcoholic Beverage Tases and Allocation E.: of State :llcoholic Beverage Revenues. h,iarcll Thc Depreciation of the Frcnch Franc since 19 14 23, 1947. 51 pagcs. and its Effect on the Lives of Indivicl~ialFrcnch- Capital Gain and Loss Provisions of Statc I'cr- men. June 3, 19&. 29 pagcs. sonal Income Tas Laws Exempting Eschanges . Economic Life and Economic Opportunity in of Property. February 7, 1947. 7 pagcs. Alaska, A Detailed Study Containing Regions, Current State Casualty Insurance Legislation. Inclustries, Opportunities in Alaska, Population h4ay 7, 1947. 3 pagcs. and Government. October 14, 1946. 56 pages.

111. INFORIMATION SECTION Brticlrr, Virgirria I I '.: Boszc~ll,E1i:nbrtii: A Unitcd Statcs of Europc; Past and Present The Cherry Trees of IYashington, D. C. August Proposals. April 9, 1947. 20 pagcs. 14, 1946. 14 pages. The Use of the Injunction in Labor Disputes in Positions of the Congrcss of Industrial Organi- Foreign Countries. Allarch 3, 1947. 19 pagcs. zations and the League of \Yomen \Toters of the Brotuon, Lrisa G.: Unitcd Statcs on Selected Domestic and Interna- Report on Civil Aviation Insurance. Atfay 21, tional Issucs. November 14, 1946. 4 pagcs. 1947. 49 pages. Gonld, i\l(irl*: C~rnnit~_~hanr,rlllan: hlonumcnt to the Unknown Soldicr of the First World War. July 22, 1946. 3 pagcs. The Inter-America11 Highway. June 1947. 115 pages. H~CII,Ch rl: Selected List of Schools, Colleges and Univcr- Dri~at~,S. :lrtit~rr: sitics in the United Statcs Onering Courses in Universal h4ilitar.y Training. Fcbruary 17, \Iratchmaking, Watch Rcpai~and Jc\\.elry Crafts. 1947. 44 pages. October 29, 1946. 5 pages. Armed 1:orccs hIcrger. March 11, 1947. 4 Livit~gston,Zlelrtz: pages. Bibliography on the Proposed Reorganization Ficktr, Z~~~NIONII: of Congress, Octobcr 20, 1945 to October 1, 1946. Recapitulation of all Aicl such as Loans, Prop- Octobcr 11, 1946. 12 pages. erty Credits, Aclv;~nces, Ilclicf Espcnclitures, The Children's Bureau: Selected References on Lcnd-I,tasc, and C:omrnitnlcnts to the Intcr- its History and Functions. October 11, 1946. national Funcl and Bank provided by the Unitcd pages. 6 Statcs Government to all Foreign Countries for h4easurcs and I'roblcn~s Before the 80th Con- l'criocl July 1, 1945, tlilough Dccclnbcr 31, 1946. gress. October 5, 1946. 8 pages. hIarch 28, 1947. 17 pagcs. 7111nrr., h-irrt Robrrt: The Covenant of the League of Nations and CA.llt~rr,Clu~rlrs R.: the Charter of the Unitcd Nations. Octobcr 7, The History, Character and Prcsent Status of 1946. 65 pages. the ARS hlanclates. October 10, 1946. 19 pagcs. AI'PENDICES

Gza~lo,/I. D.: O,rr~~//l~h~~rrt~r,Clr(1t1r.fA.: E. I. Dul'ont tic Ncmours anci Company: Subsiclization of Collcgc Atlllctics. hliiy 6, Sulxicliarics and Security Invcstrlicnts. hhy 27, 1917. 86 pages. 1947. 4 pagcs. General hllotors C:orporation: an Outline of its Corporate Structt~rc., Subsicliarics, ancl hfanu- History of the American Liibor 1~lovenic:ntfrorn fi~cturcrs. April 11, 1947. 5 pagcs. C:olonial Times to tllc Civil \,t'ar. :\pril 3, 1947. 13 pagcs. GilI~rr/,1Ivtrr. 11.: C:oal I'rocluction in Great Britain. (\Vitli John Fcricral St~ppor-tfor the Ilclucation of Indians. .Jackson.) hlay 20, 1947. 23 pagcs. Ji~nc18, 1947. 18 pagcs. Profit Sharing: a BI-icf I-Iistory ancl Analysis. rr:~!:~~~,c(I~~ LI.: (WitllJuliusAllcn.) January31, 1947. 14pagcs. hlajor Changes hlaclc in the Railroad Retire- Rt~.qglfs,Ilt-r/rnttr L.: mcnt Acts by the C:rosscr nil!, Public Law 572, 79th C:ongrcss, 2d session (14.K. 1362) and Argu- Fcdcral Espcncliturcs for I'ul~lic \\'arks, 1791- ments Pro and Con. hlarch 38, 1947. 4 pages. 1946. hlarch 13, 1947. 'Table. Il(~tiselr,i\lorcll~: .Si~rkissic~t~,:1. 0.: Islanris of Rrlicroncsia. January 10, 1947. 38 Eve11ts Lcatiing to the Prescn t I'oli tical C:risis in pi1gC's. Grcccc. h,larch 25, 1947. 13 pagcs. Ullitccl Nations hlacliincry for the Settlement of Kussia ancl the United Nations. .April 24, 1937. 'Dispir tcs. h,larcIi 26, 1947. 7 pagcs. 4 pagcs.

J(JC~SOII, Joirtr C. : Sfzrrrbcr~,r\lt.r~~it~: Analysis of a Pl.oposal for a \'ctcrans' Recon- Analysis of Railroad 1icor.g:inization Bill struction 17inancc Corporation. hlay 20, 1947. H. R. 3237. Junc 6, 1947. 19 pages. 15 pagcs. Stzi(lt, I1(1rol(l E.: Comm~~nityIndustrial Financing Plans. hlay 8, 1947. 15 pagcs. Presidents \olio were born in Log Cabiris. June 18, 1947. 8 pagcs. h-a/ij(~rzii,7-/ror.~/ftr IT.: History of Business Dcprcssions in the Unitcd Trends in American Forcign Policy Sincc the States, Stressing Political Action Taken to Truman Doctrine. Junc 20, 1947. 12 pagcs. Relieve 'I'hcm. (To 1878.) April 16, hlay 2, I'rcsiclcnt Zoltan Tildy and. Communism in hlay 19. 1947. 38 pagcs. Hungary. h4ay 21, 1947. 14 pagcs. Tatisill, I l i'llic~rnR.: A-ysrr, C. fiatrk. The Casc for thc Rctcntio~tof the Electoral Studies of the Ports of Boston, New York and Philadelphia, 1)cscribing Channels, Facilities, College. April 1, 1147. 5 pages. ~Varcliouscs, etc. October 21, 1946. 74 pagcs. Valto, I;. R.: Revision ;inti Bringing up to date of a former Occupation Policies in Japan. I'cl~ruary 10, Pul~liration of Legislative Rcfcrcncc Service, 1947. 31 pagcs. "Historical Background of the St. Lawrence Sca- U. S. Policy in China Sincc \--J Day 1945. way l'rojcc-t," for the Use of the Foreign Relations htlay 5, 1947. 41 pagcs. Committee of tlic U. S. Senate. h4ay 1947. 52 I 17iggs, Rnyt~~ond: pagcs. Esamplcs of New Prodi~ctsanti h*c\\. Indi~stries hi'lmer, hitz~on: Arising frorn \Vorltl \lrar 1I. Junc: 24. 1947. ' Argurncnts Against Creation of a Unitcd States 2 pagcs. Lottery. Junc 2, 1947. 5 pages. Lcvin, J(~ck: Summary of U. S. Senate Rent Hearings. Fcb- Information Relative to tlic Tirnbcr Resources rual-y 15, 1947. 23 pagcs. of thc Unitcd States (I'ast. l'resent, and Fi~turc). Summary of U. S. Senate Subcommittee Hcar- Junc 5, 1947. 53 pagcs. ings on Rent Control. February 21, 1947. 13 pagcs. An Analysis of Rcpitblican Strc~igth in the . .\latzross, Loflie: Solicl South, 1920-46. Jtlnc 19, 1947. 62 pagcs. Civil Wars, Revolutions and Changes in Govcrn- Conlparisori of I-Icalth Data for North Carolina mcnt in South Amcrica, 1930--1947. Junc 9, with National I-Icalth Data, based on Selective 132 KEl'OR'I' OF THE L1BK:IRI;IN OF CONGRESS, 1947

3i~kobsorr,Srrgitrs: h-reps, T/~eo~IorrJ.: The Economic Situation in the L. S. S. R. Study on Economic Concentration and blo- March 1947. 6 pages. nopoly. February 1947. 20 pagcs.

V. ADVANCED RESEARCH SECTION ~\lr~florr~)~,Jofrrr I?.: Study for the Senate Appropriations Committee Elsbrrr, ZT11gh L.: on Western Reclamation Projects in an effort to Outline of Legislative Bt~clgctProl~lems. 1947. render advice concerning Interior Appropriations 1 page. for 1948, particularly as regards Reclamation Report on the Organization of the Ai-~ncd Projects. June 19, 1947. 50 pages. Forces. blarcli 20, 1947. 41 pagcs. Alar~~rirrg,R. I?.: F(~r/ri,F. I:.: Preliminary Report on Federal Escise Taxes. Comparison of Crime Statistics in \Vasliington, June 19, 1947. 99 pages. D. C. for the Years 1944, 1945, and 1946. April Debt Retirement Procedure. Fet~ruary4, 1947. 22, 1947. 10 pages. 10 pages. Effect of 1946 Public Assistance Amendments Tax Ded~~ctionsfor Capital Expencliture. April to Social Security Act. May 5, 1947. 22 pages. 1 1. 1947. 1 1 pages. G~illozc~r!)~,Guorgr B.: I'rck, Clrstozl: hlajor Government Lending Agencies. .June Cost of Strikes. December 30, 1946. 3 pages. 1947. 224 pages. Jurisdictional Disputes. .April 30, 1947. 6 pages. B. REPORTS PLiBLISHED BY COMMITTEES, ETC.'

I. FEDERAL LAW SECTION gress, 1848-1947 . . . ilTashington, 1947. 7 p. 0g/f6r!r7 Robrrt S.: (80th Cong., 1st Sess., Sen. doc. 86.) (Prepared h,lemorandum for Senate Judiciary Committee by Williarn Tansill.) on Removal Power of Congress with respect to St. Lawrence Seaway Projcct: Digest of Hcar- Supreme Court . . . Washington, 1947. (Corn- ings Held before a S~tbcom~nitteeon Foreign Relations on S. J. Res. 11 1. \Vashington, mittee print.) . . . h.lemorandum on Constitutionality of Amend- 1947. 92 p. (Committee print.) (Preparcti by nlcnt of N. L. R. A. to provide for a Union Shop. C:. Frank Keysr.~-.) Placed in Corrgressio~ralRrcord, daily edition, h4ay 111. ADVANCED RESEARCH AND GENERAL 9, 1947, p. 5077. KESEARCH SECTIONS Data on Wages and Profits, an Economic Anal- I~ennelI,Al. nrrd R. L. n'ot;: ysis Prcparcd for the Commirtce on Labor and Ter~nination of War Controls. Pro\.isions of Public \Yelfare, United Statcs Senate. . . . Wash- Federal Statutcs Affected by tlie Termination of ington, 1947. 18 p. (80th C:ong., 1st Sess., Sen. Hostilities. the War, or Emergency . . . Wash- doc. 21 .) ington, 1947. 71 p. (80th Cong., 1st Scss.; Commu~iisrnin Action. .4 Documented Study Sen. doc. 5.) and Analysis of Coniniunisn~in Operation in the Horrrr, I;rarrh B. Soviet Union, Prepared at the Instance and under The Poll Tas Question. Prepared FeLruary 15, the Direction of Rcprescntative Everett M. Dirk- 1947; placed in Cotr~~res.riorrolRzcorrl, daily edition, sen of Illinois by tlie Legislative Reference Service July 22, 1947, p. A3947. of the Library of Congrcss under the Direction of Ernest S. Grifhth. . . . \Vashington, 1946. 11. GENERAL RESEARCH SECTION 141 p. (79th Cong., 2d Sess., House doc. 754.) General Housing Bill, Arguments for and The Organization of .4gencics Providing Gov- against Senate Bill 1592, 79th Congress . . . ernmental Services to the District of Columbia. Washington, 1947. 115 pages. (Committee Committee on the District of Columbia, House of print.) (Prepared by Jack Levin.) Representatives. . . . Washington, 1947. 23 p. hllineral Position of the United Statcs . . . (Committee print.) FVashington, 1947. 7 p. (80th Cong., 1st Sess., Explanation of Charts Showing the Organiza- Sen. doc. 63.) (Prepared by B. L. Ruggles.) tion of Agencies Providing Governmental Services Wisconsin Representation in Congress, 1848- to the District of Columbia. Committee on the 1947. List of Wisconsin's Representation in Con- ~ i of (=olumbia,~ ~ H~~~~~of ~ i ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ . 1 Reports p~blisfr~dby the Library oJ' Congress are . . . Washington, 1 947. 30 p. (Committee listed in Apfierrriix V. print.) Appendix VII. Record of Principal Exhibits, Fiscal Year 1947

Date Su l~ject I Location

-. -. ------1. July 1, 1946-Scpt. 30. Some Basic Source hlatcrials of Early Foycr of Rarc Books Division. 1946. .American History. Second Floor, hlain Ruilcling, 2. .July 1, 19467July 31. American Political Rroadsiclcs. A Foycr of Rarc Books Division. 1946. series of broadsiclcs from the earliest Scconcl Floor, Main Building, clays of thc Republic to the time of \lloodrow LVilson. 3. .Jan. 7, 1947-Junc 30, 'Tl~c Congress of the Unitecl Statcs Grcat Hall, hlain Floor, hiain 1947. rccorclcd in Historical Prints. Building. 4, Aug. 1, 1946- .411g. 3 1, Facsimiles of Xlayan C:oclices ...... Hispanic Foundation Rcacling

1946. 1 Room, Second Floor. hlain 1 Bnilcling. 5. .July 1, 194G--July 3 I. C:opyright Acts ant1 Copyright Pro- Hispanic Founclation Reading 1946. ccsscs with C:urrcnt Esamplcs of Room, Scconcl Floor, hlain \l'orks from Latin A~ncrica Re- Builcling. ' cci\~eclI>y Copyright Deposit. 6. Scpt. 1. 1946-Scpt. 30. :lrt of the Incas. . . ..:...... Hispanic Founclation Reading 1946. Room, Second Floor, hlain I* I Building. 7. Oct. 1. 1946-0ct. 31, Colombian Government Publications Hispanic Fo~lndation Rcacling 1946. C:ornmcmorating the 400th Anni- Room, Scconcl Floor, Main vcrsary of the Founding of RogotA. Building. 8. No\.. 1, 1946- Sov. 30, Prc-Hispanic Alesican Codices...... Hispanic Founclation Rcading 1946. I I Roorn, Scconcl Floor, hIai11 , Builcling. 9. Ilcc. 23, I946 ;Jan. 15. \Vorks of hricn of Lcttcrs in the His- Hispanic Founclation Reading 1947. panic World. j Roorn, Second Floor, hiain Building. 10. Fcb. 1, 1947-I'el~. 28, Early Travcllcrs in the Hispanic Hispanic Foundation Rcading 1947. \\rorld. Room, Second Floor, hiain I I Building. 11. hlar-. 1, 1947-llar. 31, , "Sea Shells and Sca h,lonsta.s" Photo- Hispanic Foundation Reading 1947. graphs from the Archive of His- Room, Second Floor, hlain panic Culturc. Building. 12. Apr. 1, 1947-rlpr. 30, Library of Congress Publications in ' Hispanic Foundation Rcading 1947. , the Latin American Field, in C:clc- Room, Second Floor, hiain bration of Pan A~nericanDay. Building. 13. hlay 12, 1947-June 7. I'hotographs from the Archive of His- Hispanic Founclation Rcading 1947. panic Culture and History. Room, Second Floor, hlain Building. 14. hlay 12, 1947-June 7. Land~narksin Hispanic Culture ancl Foycr, Rare Books Division, Scc- 1947. I History. ond Floor, hlain Building. 15. June 27, 1946-.4ug. 1, The Security Council of the Unitccl Scconcl Floor Gallery, hlain 1946. I Nations. A series of 15 photo- Building. ; graphic portraits by George Faycr. 16. July 21, 1946-Aug. 15. Rcigian Government Book Exhibit, Eshibition Hall, hiain Floor, 1946. ' supplemented by Library of Con- hiain Building. I gress Collections. 17. A~rg.20, 1946-Scpt. 9, j "Free Books in Time of Rondagc," Exhibition Hall, hlain Floor, 1946. I Dutch Government Exhibit, supple- hiain Building. ( mentcd by Library of Congress I ; Collection of underground publi- 1 , cations. I 18. Nov. 10, 1946-NO\-. 17, Childrens' Rooks in Russia, Before \Vest Lobby, Fifth Floor, Anncs 1946. I and After the Revolution. (Chil- Building. clrens' Rook Week). I 19. Nov. 19, 1946-Dcc. 31, UNESCO, Pictures ancl Documents. . hlain Floor, Exhibition Hall. 1946. I 20. Dec. 23, 1946-Jan. 31, Printed h~latcrial in Languages of North Corridor, Ground Floor, 1947. Eastern European, Northern and hlain Building. , Central Asiatic Peoples. I 133 IIntr I Sul>jcct Location I I _ _8 - ._.._-- - _ _- - ..__ 21. Ilcc. 23, 1946-:Jan. 15, ! Frcncll and German I.itcmti~re...... foyn- of Rare Rooks Division. 1947. I Scconcl Floor, hbin Ruilcling. 22. Jllly 8, 1946---;lag. 17, ' hlaps and Tlleir Use-s. Eshibit Co- hlaps Division Reacling Rooto, 1946. sponsowd by Division of Cilrto- 1 Main Floor. hzlain Building. graplly ant1 hlap Intclligcncc, the Dcpartmrnt of Statr. 23. Oct. 16, 1046-Dcc. 12, ! .4rn1y .4ir Forces Cartographic ancl hrlaps Ilivision Keacling Room, 1940. Gco=rapllic I'ul~liri~tions,Co-spon- / First 17100r, hlain Bi~ilcling. I sorccl with the Army Air Forces .-lcronautical CIhart Scrvicc. I 24. 1)rr. 12. 1946-:Jan. 4. hlaps on Topics of Current Interrst . . ' hlaps. Division Rci~ling 1ioo11-1, I ()-I-. h,la~nFloor, blain Ruilcling. 25. Ilcc. 24, 1946-.Jan. 1, Christmas hlap Esllibit ...... / hlaps Ilivision Reading lioom, 1947. 1 hlain I7loor. Main Builtling. 26. Jan. 10, 194,--Fcb. 7, Early British Cartography...... ' h~laps Division lieatling Kooln, 1947. 1 Main Floor, hliii~lBililding. 2 I . 8. I 4-1a.8 Italian Cartograplly ...... I hlaps Ilivision Reading Room, 1947. Main Floor, h,lain Building. 28. hlar. 7, 194--.\PI-. 7, Europe's Boundary I'roblrms...... Ground 17100r Callcry, hlain 1947. 1 Building. 29. Xlar. 9. 1047-:\pr. 5. 1 Ancicnt and hlrciiwal Cartogr;iphy. . Maps Division Rrac1in.g Room, 1947. 1 / Main Floor, hlain Building. 30. Apr. 10. 1')47-;\pr. 30, I Early I)cvclop~ncnt of Navigational i hlaps Ilivision Kracling Koom, 1947. Charts. 1 hlain I:loor, hlain Building. 31. I?, 1947--June 7, 1 llrccnt Govcrnlnmt hlap Pilblica- i Maps Ilivision, Reacling Room, 1947. I tions. blain Floor, hlain Building. 32. :J~inc15, 1947--.1111y 31, 1 Early and A*lodrrn Road hlaps...... i hflaps Division Rcnclinp Room, 1947. 1 1 Main Floor. hlain Brlildin~. 33. Oct. 7, 1946-Ilrc. 20, i ;Iutographcd 1,cttcl-s ancl Alanu- I North, Corridor, Ground Floor, 1946. scripts of 17clis hlc~~clcI~~~I~~~-Bartl~-hlain Building. oldy in the Gertrude Clarke \\'hittall Foundation. 34. :'?pr. 1, 1946-June 30, H. Blackiston \Vilkins Collection of Foyer of Rare Books Ilivision 1940. Viols. Scconcl I'loor, Main Building. 35. Drc. 20, 1946-June 30, Dayton C. h~1illr.rCollection of Flutcs South Hall, hlain Floor, hzlain 1947. and Kclatcd Materials. Buildin?. 36. Dcc. 10, 1946-Fcb. 2, Brahms' Original h,lanuscript Scores ; Grcat Hall, hlain Floor, hlain 1947. of III/I~I. 3, I S , I I I I Building. in I.' .\litro~.,01)31. 37. Apr. 3, 1937-11ay 20, Johanncs Brahms 1833-1 897, Corn- North Corridor, Ground Floor, 1947. 1 lncrnorating 50th anniversary of hlain R~lilcling. his death. 38. hlay 23, 194T-.Junr. 30, I Some Treasures in the hlusic Division i North Corridor, Ground Floor, 1947. I Main Building. 39. Drr. 10, 1946-Dcc. 31, Progress of Hcl~lr\rBook I'rocli~ction / Oricntalia Division, Fiftll I'loor, 1946. ! Since the Invention of Printing. , Anncs Building. 40. July 1, 1946-Scpt. 30, Shalom Alcichcm...... Oricntalia Division, Fifth Floor, 1940. I tlnncs Building. 41. Oct. 4, 1946-Drc. 2, i Arabic Books ant1 hlanuscripts...... Orientalin Division, Fifth Floor, 1936. I rlnncx Building. 42. Dcc. 3, 1946-Jan. 3, j Japanese Publicatioils in Occupied 1 Oricntalia Division, Fifth Floor, 1947. i ~lrras. tlnncs Building. 43. Fcb. 1, 194--h,lar. 31, Recent Siarncsc ;lcquisitions ...... 1 Oricntalia Division, Fifth Floor, 1947. tlnncs Building. 44. rlpr. 1, 194;-Apr. 33, ' Chiricsc Illustrated Books...... Oricntalia Division, and \Vest 1947. I Lobby, Fifth Floor, rlnncs I Ruildiny. 45. June 1, 194--July 31, Thc Japancsc Stage, :lncicnt and Oricntalia Division, Fiftlth Floor, 1947. 1 h,lodcrn. and Foyer, Fifth Floor, Anncs Buildins. 46. Ft.11. 12, 194--Jllnc 30, .-\braham 1.incoln.r ~lccountof His Ij hlain ~sliibitHall, Second Floor, 1947. I Life. 1 Main Building. 47. 1)c.c. 1.5, 1946-Junc 30, , l'hc 1,acock :lbbcy hilapa Carta Gallery, Main Eshibit Hall, Scc- 1947. ; wit11 Historical 1,itcraturc about ' ond Fioor, Main Building. 1 hlagna Carta. I APPENIIICES 135

-- -- L 48. July I, 1946-:lug. 31, ' 'l'hc J. E. k R. Pcnncll Fourth Es- South Hall, Sccond Floor, llain 1946. , hibition of Prints Made I>uring the I Builclinq. I C:urrcnt J7car. I 49. ilug. 1, 1946-Sept. 30, Gcorgc Bcllo\rs' I.itl~oqraphs, llrccnt ' Second Floor, Alain Building. 1946. Xcqirisitions to Prints cP IPloto- i qraphs Ilivision. 50. Scpt. 13, 1946-Oct. 6, Photographic Portraits of Sornc of Ground Floor, Gallery, hlain 1946. \\Torlei \Val- I1 I,cadcrs, C:orn- Buildinq. mancler hlaurice Constant, U. S. N. R. 51. Fcl~15, 1947-hiay 25, Benjamin H. I,atrollc, American , Gallery. Great Hall, Sccond Floor 1947. Architect, "Castles in the rlir and IIain Buildinq. other pro.jccts." 52. hiay 15, 1947-Junc 25, 1 Somc 'l'rcncls in Library tlrchitccturc. Ground F!oor Gallery, XIain 1917. 1311ilciinr. 53. h13y 1, 1247-:\~g. 1, Tlic..J. E. k R. Pcnncll Fifth Eshibi- South Hall, Secontl Floor, Xlain 1947. tion of Prints Macic During the Building. Current Year. 51. Scpt. 6, 1946-Dcc. 15, Frcdcric \V. Goudy Collection in the South Hall, Second Floor. llain 1946. Lillrary of Conqrcss. build in^. 55. Fcb. 5, 1947-Fell. 28, Examples of the Spread of Roman North C:orrictor, Ground Floor, 1947. 'l'ypc in the First Century of Print- hlain Building, (Kc-located to ing. Foyer of Rare Books Division, Sccond Floor, hlain Bldg.) 55. Fell. 15; 1947-hhr. 16, Elzc\,ier Bible...... Great Hall, hlain Floor, hlain 1947. Building. 57. Apr. 15, 1947-May 15, Fifty Books of thc Year, 1946 Eshibi- hlain Eshibition Hall, llain 1947. tion of American Institute of Floor, Xiain Building. Graphic Arts. 58. .lpr. 1, 1947--June 1, IJortri~v~C/II istiarl~ printed at hianila, hiain Eshibition Hall, llain 1947. 1593, Ordi~~atzonesGt~t~rralrs, Bin- Building, liain Floor. ondo, 1604. 53. tlpr. I,1947-hlay 10, First Editions of Charles Dickens Foyer, Rare Books Division, Sec- 1947. \trorks from the S. L. Kcblcr Collcc- ond Floor, hlain Bui!ding. tion. 63. hlay 12, 1947-Junc 30, Rare and ;lrtistic Books and hcfanu- Law Division, Second Floor, 1947. scripts relating to Latin American Main Builtling. Law. 61. June 1, 1947-rlug. 30, Kcccnt Additions to the Roscnwald Main Eshibition Hall, hiain 1947. Collcction in the Library of Con- Floor, hlain Building. qrcss. 62. Oct. 16, 1946-Dcc. 1, TII~Aviation Collection, Selected Aslain Floor, Eshibition Hall, 1946. h~iatcrials. Islain Building. 63. Oct. 16, 1946-Nov. Anaesthesia, An cshibition com- hlain Floor Eshibition Hall, 30, 1946. ~ncmorating100 years of its use. hlain Building. 64. Dcc. 1, 1946-Dcc. 31, American Nobel Laureates in Science, \Irest Lohhy, Fifth Floor, --lnncs 1946. 1946. Building. 65. Fcb. 1, 1947-Feb. 28, Tycho Brahc, 1546-1 60 1 ...... \Vest Lobby, Fifth Floor-, :lnncs 1947. Building. 66. Mar. 3, 1947-Mar. 31, Alcsanclcr Graham Bell, 100th Anni- \trest Lobby, Fifth Floor, Anncs 1947. versary of Birth. Building. 67. :lpr. 20, 1947-Apr. 27, National Pharmacy \treck, Featuring \Vest Lobby, Fifth Floor, --lnnes 1947. Cancer Control. Building. 68. June 1, 1946-Oct. 21, Tennessee Scsquiccntcnnial Eshibi- North Gallery, Sccond Floor, and 1946. tion. Ground Flool-, hlain Building. 69. Dw. 28, 1946-hliar. 3 1, Iowa C:entcnnial Eshibition ...... North Gallery, Second Floor and 1947. Basement Gallery, Main Build- / ing. 70. Junc 7, 1947-Airg. 30, Utah, Centennial of Settlement...... Ground Floor Gallery and Gal- 1947. Icry, Great Hall, Second Floor, / hlain Building. 71. July 15, 1946-Oct. 31, , "Knolv Your Library," Eshibit No. \Vest Lobby, Basement, clnncs 1946. 1 I., 'rl~cCopyright Oficc. i Building. 136 KEPOK'I' 01: 'I'HE LIBIi:\KI;\N OF CONGRESS, 1947

72. No\?. 20, 1946-Jan. 3. 1 "Know \'our Library," Eshibit No. \Vest I,obby, Basement, :\nncs 1947. 2, ;\cquisitions I>cpartrncnt, Surplus Buildiiig. Books. -, -t 3. :\pr. 15, 1947-June 30, *.Kno\v Your Library," Esliibit No. \17cst Lobby, Basement Anncs 1947. 3, Acquisitions I>cpartnicnt, Pub- Building. lications Eschangc Program. 74. July 2, 1946:July 31. Iridcpcndcncc of. the I'hilippiric Is- / First Floor Eshil~itionHall, hlain - 1946. lands, Eshibition in Celebration of. Buildins. -13. Scpt. 19, 1946-Scpt. 30, Obscrrancc of the Visit of the Arch- Entrancc to Main licading Roorn, 1946. bishop of Canterbury to \Vashing- hlain Floor, h4ain Building. ton. 76. July 1, 1946-Oct. I, Banner Prcscntcd to I)\vight 11. Eiscn- Second Floor, Eshibition Hall, 1946. ho\vcr, Siiprcxnc Com~nand~r,XI- hlain Building. lied Expeditionary Forces, Euro- / pcan 'I'hcatre of Operations, thc Officers, hlcn and C170iiicn\vho by I -- Scrvcd Under Him. , I. lay 4, 97--11 I, Kcligioiis Book \\.eel, Es1,ibit...... 'Great Hall, hlain 12100r, hlilin 1947. I Btlilclinq. ,8. hlay 18. 1947-XIay 25. "I am an .4mcrican Day" Eshibit . . / Great ill, hlain Floor, hlairi 1947. I Builcling. 79. Oct. 16, 1946-Dcc. I. The Story of the Army Air Forces iin Ground Floor Gallery, hlain 1946. Photograpl~s. I Building. 80. Oct. 23, 1946-Dcc. 14, Sinithsonian Institution, an cshibition I Second Floor Eshibition Hall. 1946. to Cornmcxnoratc the Centenary of : h3ain Building. Founding. I Sl . Nor. 19, 1946-KO\?. 26. Abrallarn Lincoln's Gcttysbiirg Ad- / Gallery, Second Floor, hlarti 1946. , dress, Featured on Dedication Day, , Building. 1 Proclaixnccl by 1'rc.siclcnt Tr~iman,I I Novcmbcr 19, 1946. 52. .Jan. 20, 1947-Fcb. 15, :lir Transport Conimancl ...... Grouncl Floor, North Corridor, 1947. / hlain Building. S3. hlay 2, 1947--June 1, "hlcn and Coal," Dcpt. of Interior, : Ground Floor Gallery, hlain 1947. Coal hilines Administration cshibit. Building. Appendix VIII. Record of Concerts, Fiscal Year 1947 THE ELIZABETH SPRAGUE CIOOLIDGE FOL!KDATION

CONCERTS PRESENTED IN THE COOLIDGE 0r1obc.r 71. The I'ro ilrtc Quartct, at the Clcvc- AUDITORIUhf land Muscrlm of ~Irt,C:lcvclancl, Ohio. 1946 0croi)t.r 22. The Pro Arte Quartet, at Princeton Oc~obcr30. The Paganini Quartet. Univcrsity. Princeton, Nc\v .Jersey. ~~i)r~f?rrhft7, 7, 8,74, 75. The Paganini Quartct. ~I'or~rrrrhtr5. The Kroll Quartct, at Connecticut 1947 College, Ne\v Lonclon, Connecticut. ,7~11umly2.1. The Griller String Quartet. ~Voutrnilrr72. The Kroll Quartct, at C:onnecticut I:~,brrrary21. The London String Quartet. College, Kc\\. London, Connccticili. j\~or~trrrbrr 79. The Kroll Quartet, and Zosia EXTENSION CONCEKTS Jacynowicz, piano, at C:onnccticut C:ollcgc, 1946 New LoncIon. C:onnccticu t. j'rib 2. The Bcrksllire \Voocl \Vim1 Ensemble, IlfcfIIlbfr2. Kroll Qllartet, at ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ Louis Speycr, Director, at The 13crkshirc h.losic of C:arolina. C:llapcl Hill, Nortll ~:~~~li~~. Center, Tanglcwoocl, Lenox, h~lassachusetts. Ilc.ct~rrhrr.?. The Kroll Quartet, at The College j'u!~, 9. Boston Socicty of Ancient Instruments, of William and hlary, \Villiamsburg, \'irginia. Alfred Zigherii, Director, at The Berkshirc Ut.cmltlrr.I. Kroll Q~ at ~university ~ ~ ~ ~ , h,liisic Center, Tanglet~.oocl, Lenox, hlassa- of C:l,arlottcsvillc, Virginia. chr~sctts. j're!p 9: 72, 1.1. The Albcncri Trio, at Stanford 1947 Univcrsity, California. fihrrtnry 2. The Pro :Irtc Quartet, at Hamlinc Jre!~ 16. The Kroll Quartet, at The Bcrkshirc Univcrsity, St. Louis, A,lissouri. Music Center, Tanglewood, Lcnos, hclassa- Fphrrcar-y 70. The Gordon String Quartct, and chusctts. Cecil Figelski, viola, at Peabody C:onscsvatory .J'u!J~ 27: 25. The Albcncri Trio, at Stanford of h.lrisic, Baltimore, h.larylanc1. University, California. fihni(rr)~ 10. Thc London String Quartct. at j'r1[11 2.3. The Rerkshirc Chamber Orchestra, Grinncll C:ollcgc, Grinncll, Io~va. Louis Speycr, Concluctor. Richarcl Burgin, fihni~rr 17. The London String Quartct, at violin, Alfred Krips, violin, Jean Lcfranc, viola, Christian College. C:olumhia, hlissouri. Jean Bedctti, violonccllo, Viktor Polatschck, I:t/)rltng~1.3. The Lonclon String Quartct, at thc clarinet, Rayrnoncl Allard, bassoon, Roman University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. Szulc, timpani, Lukas Foss, piano, Putnam Ftbrrcnr~ 15. The London String Quartct, at Aldrich, harpsichord, Valentina Vishnevska, hlcmphis C:clicge of h,lusic, klcmphis, Tennessee. soprano, and Soprano C:horus of The Bcrkshire I;r/)rric~ry 17. The Lonclon String Quartct, at Music Ccntcr, trainccl by Hugh Ross, at The Miami University, Osfol.d, Ohio. Bcrkshirc Music Ccntcr, Tanglc\vood, Lcnox, I:thrrinry 79. The Lonclon String Quartct, at The h4assachusctts. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 7zi!)l 26, 25'. The All>cncri Trio, at Stanford North Carolina. Universi ty, California. I:thrrit~r)~20, The Lonclon String Quartet, at rlrcgtcst 2. The Allxneri Trio, at Stanford Uni- Hollins College, l'irginia. versity, California. I:tbrrinry 23. The London String Quartct, at thc illtgrist 4. The London String Quartet, and Lycll .Jonathan Edwards Collcgc, Yale University, Barbour, piano, at the h1usical Arts Society, La New Haven, Connccticut. Jolla, California. I:ebrrtnv 24. The London String Quartet, at St/)lembtr 11. William Kroll, violin, and Corinne Mount Holyokc College, South Hadley, h4assa- Lacomblt, piano, at thc University of California, chrisetts. Bcrkclcy, California. I;et)rriat:)~ 25. The Lonclon String Quartct, at Stptembtr 22. William Kroll, violin, and Corinnc Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine. LacomblE, piano, at The Montalvo Foundation, Febrrrnt-19 26. Thc London String Quartet, at Saratoga, California. S~nithCollcgc, Northampton, Massachusetts. 7titi::l S-4s---- 10 137 138 REPOR'T OF THE LIBR:\RI.~\N OF CONGRESS, 1947

.\larch 7. The London String Quartet, at Pca- chorr-ographic work to be produced by h,Iartha body Conservatory of hlusic, Balti~norc,hzlary- Graham.) Choreography, Martha Graham; land. Sets, Isamu Noguchi; Costumes, Edythe Gil- .\larch 2. The London String Quartct, at Kcnyon fond; h,Iusical Director, Louis Horst. (Carlos College, Gambicr, Ohio. Chavcz-Dark Meadow; William Schuman- .+ifiril 77. The Kroll Quartct, at Pius S School of Night Joul-ncy [First performance].) Liturgical h4usic of hlanhattanvillc Collcgc of .\lqlp 77. hlarccl Grandjany, harp, Jalncs Pap- the Sacred Heart. Nc\v York City. poutsakis, flute, David Glazer, clarinet, ancl 9 April 22. The Gordon String Quartct, at The strings from the Boston Symphony Orchestra, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, under the direction of Alfred Krips, at 1-Iarval.d North Carolina. Univcrsi ty, Carnbridgc, hlassachusctts. .\lqlf 3. hlartha Graham with Erick Hawkins, .\lq,l 7-1. The Kroll Quartet, at the Rcrkshire hlay O'Donncll. Pearl Lang, and Dance Com- hluseum Auditorium, Pittsficlcl, h4assachusetts. pany, at A Symposium on hli~sicCriticisln, .\1(91 77. The Gordon String Quartct, David Harvard University, Carnbridgc, hl~sachusctts. Glazer, clarinct, and Jay Roscnfclcl, viola, at the (hlr. Chavcz and hlr. Schirlnan \vcre each Rcrkshirc hiuscum .4uditorium, Pittsficld, hlas- commissioned by the Elizabeth Spragrlc Cool- sachusctts. idge Foundation to compose the nlilsic for a

THE GERTliUDE CLARKE l\'HITT=2LL FOL1ND:lTION

CONCERTS PRESENTED IN THE COOLIDGE .\lr~rrf~6. 8. The Rusch String'Quartct, and AUDITORlUhl Rudolf Scrkin, piano. 194(; lor127 2. Grcgor I'iatigorsky, violoncello. and Ortohrr 7, S. Sathan 1lilstcin, violin, Joseph Rc~inaldStc\\.art, Piano- Rlatt at thc piano. 1117, 2. The 13rlclapcst String Quartc-t. (Jc-,ohrr22. ~ 1 ~~~~j~~1 ~ String cllartct. ,L\ con- t i 3, I. TI'" Rll~lapc~tString Qtlart~t,and ccrt tcnclcrcd to the C:onfi.cli.ration Interna- hlilton Katilns, viola. tionale ~~~ictc~c-';\lItc.lrrs ct ColnpositcLlrs. .1/11t170, 77. Thv Ruclapcst String Q~lal-tct. rrtttl 7, 77. :\clolf Rirsch, violin, ancl Rudolf - 1 2-1 2.5. The Ruc1a~cst String Qllartct, Scrkin. piano. hlilton Katinls, viola, al;d Howarcl hiitchell, Drrntrb~rIS, 79. The Bi~clapcstString Quartet, ~~iolonccllo. )Ias Ho]lanclcr, violin, I,ouis GI-ac.lcl-,\,iolil1, :I/uI/ 21s. The nudapcst string Quartet. X[ilton Katilns, viola, I-IarVcy ShapIro, .\/(!I' S, 9. TI" Ruclapcst String Quartct. violonccllo. 1 7, 7. The Buclapcst String Quartet, Ralpll hlaclcan, clarinet. Jalncs Chambers, horn, 1347 Elias Carmen, bassoon, ancl Anton Torcllo, Jotrur~tj~70. The Pasquicr Trio. double bass.

THE SICIJ,OLr\S LONG\\'OIITH FOL7ND/lTION

CONCERTS PRESENTED IN THE COOLIDGE AUDlTORIUhI 1936 Drct.nrbo. 30. The Stuyvcsant String Quartct. :I concert tcnclcl~ccl to the h,Ioclcrn Larlguagc Appendix IX. Photoduplicatiot~Statistics A. DISPOSITION OF ORDERS FOR PHOTODCPLIC:ATION, FISC:.-11, J'EARS 1947 AND 1946

I Total numl~crof requests for photoclrlplicatcs and cstirnatcs...... : 98. 399 ' 18. 622 Total nutnhcr of reqitcsts (orders) fillccl ...... 94. 81 5 1 10, 958 Total number of official orclcrs...... , 5, 784 4,965 Total numl>cr of cstimatcs maclc...... I 3. 584 1 1.252 Total nu111l1c.r of items rcqucstccl ancl scarchccl ...... I 196. 798 36.531 Total nulnber of items supgliecl...... I 189. 630 39. 809 Total nit mbcr of i tc-lns rcfcrrccl to otho. lil>rarics...... 2.3161 1.093 Total ni~nlberof items not suppliccl cluc to copyright rc-strictions...... 1 2.392 1, 114

R. I'HOTODF PI,I C:.4TES PRODLTC:ED,FISCAL YEATIS 1946 ;\XI>1947

1 ol,iciill use All otbcr pllotoclttpli- Total pl~ocluction catc:s - --

1 I I I 10-17 I 1946 I j94- 1946 I I i . I'h0tost;lt csposllrcs...... Xcgati\-c csposul-cs of lnicl.ofi1111(in- 1 cl~lclitlgIICKS~~~~>CI.S)...... I 7. 640 / 13. 385 2. 990. 722 I'ositivr kct of microfilm (inch~cling1 I nc\\.slx~p~rs)...... I 1. 345 1 542 83:: ::: Enli~rgclncnt~fi-oln [nil-t.ofilm.... ! 1. 164 / 2. 6 10 92. 00-5 I'hotogral~h copy ncgativcs...... / I, 543 853 . 13110tograph contact pl.ints...... 1. 584 ! 2, 266 1 14. 570 I'hotograpll prqjcction prints...... I. 468 1 595 9.934 Photogral~hview ncgativcs ...... 173! 8qi I3 - Color transparc.1lcit.s...... I...... I I -, Lantern slides...... I 79 1 6 10 Rlucprints (sq11al.c fcct)...... I 2;I 1 1 12.503 Ozalitl pt ints...... i 147 1...... I 225 hlultcs plates...... j 848 ! 372 ! 27 Dry mounting...... ! 648 1 193 ; 28 1 I Appendix X. Recording Laboratory Statistics. Fiscal Year 1947

P~O(/IIC/~OII: 1314'' masters for pressing ...... 168 1711" masters for pressing ...... 0 10" instantancorls acetate records ...... 8 12" instantaneous acctatt- records ...... 1. 881 16" instantancorls acctatc rccorcls ...... 996 SNIPqf l'r~s.~i~?y.r: 10" AAFS rt.rords ...... 3. 787 12" AAFS rccords ...... 7. 579 lle...... 31.952.67 Obligations. fiscal )-car 1947 ...... 26.482.30

Unobligatcd \,alancc. June 30. 1947 ...... 5.470.37 Funds to bc transfcrrcci from Special Deposits ...... 1.517.69 Accounts rc.ccival>lc (\\.ark complctrcl) ...... 10.853.77 Supplies on hancl ...... 12.444.02 Supplics 0x1 ordcr. .June 30. 1947 ...... 2.996.45

Potential valilc .June 30. 1947 ...... 33.282.30 Appendix XI. Statis tics of Acquisitions A. .;\DDITIONS TO THE C:OLLECTIONS AND TOT.4L CIONTENTS OF THE LIBRARY, FISCAL YEARS 1946 AND 1947

Additions to the 1 Total contcns of tile collections Library

\'olurncs ancl pamphlets 1...... Hound newspaper volurncs...... hlanuscripts (pieces) ...... Maps and vicws...... h4icrofilms (rccls ancl strips)...... hlotion picturcs (reels)...... hlusic (\~oltrrncsand picccs)...... I'honograph recordings (rccorcls) ...... Photographic ncgativcs, prints.anc1 slicfcs...... I'rints, fine (pieces)...... Other (broaclsiclcs, photostats, postcrs, ctc.)......

B. UNBOUND MATERIAL A\lT.41TING BINDING PREPARATION

Total contents of Library 1937 1946 1947 1 1946

Unbouncl serial parts...... 1,002.515 835.536 5.209.253 4.206,738 cspapcrs (issics)...... 852.242 505.902 1 852,242 505, 902

1 COIIII~PXC~I~(/~S 6or111(/t~ezi~.rj~llj~t~. UO~NIII~S./O~ /lrrJirs! 1ir11e. 2 rldjljllsl ed count , excllrdi~lg(i~l~licu/cs i11 E.~c/lurlgeColltclio 11. 142 KEPOK'I' OF 'I'HE LIBII.-1RI.-\N OF CONGRESS, 1947

C:. RECEIPTS, FISC:IIA YEARS 1946 AND 1947, BY SOURCE

Sourcc I'icccs, 1947 I'icccs, 1946 -- - -- I I. Hy ~xirchasrfroin- Archive of Hispanic Culture...... 297 234 RabincBcqucst ...... 300 ...... Rooks for Suprcmc Court...... 2.666 2.461 Cooperation \\it11 .\rnr.rican Rcpiil>lics...... 3,881 2,773 Guggcnhcitn 1:iincI...... 4 Huntington I'und...... 2.468 3.691 Incrcasc of La\\*Library...... 58, 116 28.065 Increase of Library of Congress, General...... 529.952 151,799 hlicrofilm-nc\vspapel.s ...... 761 ...... Prnncll Fund ...... 180 736 Rockcfc.llcr Fund-hlotion Pictiirc Projcct ...... 3 9 \\'hittall Fund...... 19 ...... \\'ilbiir Frind ...... 41 ...... I Total...... I 598,681 189.802 - - 2. By virtue of la\\. froin- Books for the Adult Rlincl ...... 13.480 12.033 Copyright...... 154.81 4 160, 670 Public Printcr...... 782,004 61 3.209 Sinithsonian Institution: Regular clcposit ...... 6.007 5.413 Langlcy :1cronautical Lil~rary...... 374 187 Total...... 9 7 791.512 --I------3. By oflicial donation frotn- 1,ocal a~cncics...... 11.527 3, 506 State agencies...... 54.826 85.910 Transfers from I'cclcral agencies...... 1. 303, 859 1. 255, 805 -- Total ...... 1,370,212 1.345.221 4. By cschangc frorn- 1)oincstic cschangc (cl~iplicatc)...... 124, 368 18.216 I'orcign governments (inclticling international csrhangc)...... 679. 832 153,548 Total ...... 803,200 171.764

5. B!. gift from inclividuals and unoficial sortrccs ...... 162. 654 48.502 -..- .- 6. Forrn tnatcrial not identified as to so~crcc- Unllotind serial parts...... 144.456 148,458 Unborincl nc\vspa~>erissties...... 2. 149. 452 1, 344. 106 AIar~ttsci.il)ts...... 494,266 186.556 hlaps ...... 108.569 43.491 Total...... 2,896.743 1.722.61 I - Toti11 rcrripts...... / 6.789. 169 /1=.412 AI'PENIIICES 143

D. STATISTICS OF AC:QUISITIOIVS llTORK.FISCAL YEARS 1946 AND 1947

.- Incoming letter mail. Acquisitions Department (pieces) ...... Order Division: Purchase rcquisi tions actcd upon ...... l'urchasc scare hing: Titlcs scarchcd ...... Titles found to bc alrcacly rcprcscntcd in collections ...... Invoices: Rcccivcd ...... Clcarcd ...... On hancl at end of period ...... Picccs acccssionccl in P~lrchascClcaring Section 1...... Evaluation: Official csaluations ...... Rcfcrcncc inquiries rcc'v'cl ancl a~ls\vcrcclby Icttcr (letters) ..... Eschangc ant1 Gift Division: Eschangc Scction: Rcqilcsts scnt (letters) ...... Acknowlcclgrncnts ...... Incoming picccs liancllcct ...... Otltgoing pieces hancllccl ...... :...... Unacccssionccl receipts (cstin~atccl)...... I Gift Scction: Kcq~~stsscnt (letters) ...... Acknon~lcclgmcr~ts...... Incoming picccs hancllcrl ...... Unacccssionccl qift i tc~nsfcstirnatcd) ...... hronthly Checklist of State I'ublications: Items listed for publication ...... Titlcs scarchcd ...... I terns rcqucstccl ...... Incorning picccs hancllccl ...... Accession Searching Scction: Titlcs scarcliccl ...... Ttcrns acccptcd for collcctions: Ncw titles or cclitions ...... Adclitional copies ...... Itcrns awaiting search ...... Scrial Record Division: L'nl~ounclserial parts proccssccl ...... Volurncs addccl to classccl collections ...... Othcr material proccsscd ...... Rcfcrcncc inquiries handlccl (total) ...... Tclcphonc inquiries ...... Nc\v chccking cntrics made ...... hlatcrials awaiting disposition: Rounclvoli~mcs...... Othcr (picccs) ......

: -b.~lcccssiotr~"tlrc trot CONIIIL~(~as "rt~cct.i~/s"(toblr H) ltrrlil NJlrr cott~j~l~~ionof ptynrt.trt . Appendix XII. Statis tics of Catalogiilg and Maintenance of Catalogs -4. DESCIIIPTl\'E C::!T.ALOG ING OF MATERIAL, FI SCAI, YEARS 1946 AND 1947

1. I'rclin~inary cataloging (cntrics prepared): I a. Ilcscriptivc Cataloging Iliuision ...... j b. Copyright Cataloging Di~~ision...... I c. Slavic l'rojcc t ...... d. 0.S. R. D. I'rojcct...... ' c. Total entries prcparccl...... I

2. Titles atvaiting ~>rclirninarycataloging: I a. Dcscriptivc Cataloging Division...... ' b. Copyright Cataloging Division...... c.Tota1 ...... )I 3. Titles catalogccl for printing: 1 a. Regular cataloging: 1. Descriptive Cataloging Ilivision ...... \ 2. Copyrig11t Chtaloging Di\.ision ...... 3. hlaps Di.r.ision...... I 4. Total...... : ...... ! 1,. Coopcrativc. titlcs atiaptecl: I. Dcscriptivc. Cataloging Division...... ; 2. Copyriglrt Cataloging Division...... : 3. Total...... ! c. Total titlcs cata1ogc.d for printing...... ;

4. Form card cataloging...... 5. Titlcs in process: I a. Titlcs catalogccl awaiting revision: 1. Dcscri j>ti\.c Cataloging Division ...... 2. Copyrigllt C:ataloging Di\lision...... 3. Total ...... 11. Titlcs preliminarily prepared awaiting cataloging: I 1. Ilc.scripti\rc Cataloging Division...... I 2. Copyrigl~tC:ataloging Division...... 3. Total ...... i II. .11(1infnranccof C(~f!llogs 1 6. Titles rccatalogccl or revised: i a. Titlcs rccatalogcci: 1 I. Descriptive Cataloging Division...... 2. Copyright Cataloging Division...... 3. Total ...... 1 b. Ti tlcs rc\liscd: 1. Dcscripti\~cCataloging Di\rision...... 2. Copyright Cataloging Division...... 3. Total ...... c. Total titles rccatalogcd and rcviscd...... 7. Titlcs in process: a. Titlcs awaiting rcvision: 1. Descriptive Cataloging Division...... 2. Copyright Cataloging Division...... 3. Total ...... b. Titlcs awaiting recataloging or revising: 1. Descriptive Cataloging Division...... 2. Copyright Cataloging Division ...... 3. 'I'otal...... 144 t . C:oopcrativc titlcs cditcd: a. 'litlcs edited...... I). 'I'itlcs cclitc-cl awaiting rcvision...... c. 'I'itlcs atvaiting editing ......

9. :Ii~thoritycarcls: a. Establisllccl: i 1. 1)cscriptivc Cataloging Ilivision...... : 23, 348 1 31,560 2. C:opyriglit C:ataloging Ilivision ...... 2.861 ...... 3. 'i'otal...... , 26,209 i 31, 560 I). C:liangccI: 1. I)csc!.iptivc Cataloging Ilivision ...... ~ 6. 341 i 6. 360 2. C:opy~.iglitC:ataloging Division...... 1.078 j...... 3. 'I.otal...... I 7,419 i 6, 360

I. Subject cataloging: I a. Catalog titlcs classificcl ancl si~l~jcctIicaclcd ...... 54.833 1 11, C:atalog titlcs awaiting revision ...... : 139 / c. 'I'itles awaiting subject cataloging...... ' 2.480 1 cl. U~lcatalogcclpamphlets classificcl ancl su~jcctIlcatied ...... 3.257 . c. Uncatalogccl shcct music classified...... 2,684 ! 2. Shclflisting: 1 a. 'I'itlcs shclflistccl ...... 46.833 , 11. \'olu~ncs ancf picccs shclflistccl...... i 77, 479 1 c. Other shclflisting...... 1 6,203 1 ti. Other shclflisting (voli~rncs)...... t 5,368 I e. 'L.itlcs awaitins shclflisting ...... i 6,748 / f. Volumes ancl pieces awaiting shclflisting...... ! 9,980 . 3. 1,abcling: I a. Volumes labclccl ...... 158.864 / b. 1-olumcs awaiting labeling...... 1 I II. i\lai~r/~n(~rrrc,of C(~/r~lo,ns

1. Titlcs rccatalogcd 01- rcviscd: a. 'l'i tlcs rccatalogcci ...... b. 'I'itlcs rcviscd...... c. 'Total titlcs rccatalogccl and rcviscd...... cl. 'Titlcs awaiting recataloging or rcvicw ...... 5. Kcshclflisting: a. 'Titlcs rc.shclflistcd...... b. Volumcs rcshclflistccl...... III. 1;or Olirer Libraries 1 . I 6. Decimal classification: a. Titles classified ...... 30,184 b. 'Titles awaiting classification...... 1 168 B. SUBJECT CAT.4LOGING ON MATERI.4L. FISCAL YEARS 1946 AND 1947- Continucd

...... 8 II,'. I)c~rv-lopttretlt f C(11aloging Tools I I--.- 7. Subject headings: a. Established ...... 1, 228 11 . Canccllcd or changed ...... 106 8. Class numbers: a. EstablisI~~cl...... 37 1 11 . Changed ...... 107

'I'otal volumes

I'olyg-al111y...... I 234 Philosophy ...... / 1.023 Religion ...... 2. 362 History ausiliary sric.nccs ...... 505 History (csccpt .\lncrican ) ...... 5.535 ;\mcrican history ...... 1, 643 Geoxraphy-antliropology ...... 1 917 Social science ...... 6.791 I'olitical scicncc ...... 1.685 Education ...... 747 hlusic ...... 2.545 Fine arts ...... 1. 845 I, anguage and literature ...... 11.462 Sclcnce ...... 2.51 6 hledicine ...... 1. 120 r\griculturc ...... 987 ~I'cch~iology ...... I 2. 848 h1ilitary science ...... 1 567 Naval sciencc ...... 1 26 1 Ribliograpliy ...... 654 APPENDICES 147 C. STATISTICS OF UNION CATALOG. FISC.4L J'EARS 1946 AND 1947

Production

I. Rt:qrilar rld(iitior~sto L'niorr Catalog 1. Library of C:ongrCss printed cards for new titles ...... 2. Cards frorn othcr libraries: a. Regular card contributions ...... 1, . Cards received from libraries checking Catalog !/RooksRqrr.rt,rr!rrl 4s L. C. i'rintrd Cards...... c. Cards typed for itcrns located through Ili.c.XLs List ...... ci . Titles clipped and pasted by Union Catalog staff ...... c. 'l'otal carcis frorn other libraries ...... 3. Card from othcr Union Catalogs (cards typed) ...... 4. Cross total regular .cards rcccivccl ancl prcparcd ...... 5. Iluplicatc carcls canccllccl ...... 6. Net total regular aciditions to thc catalog ...... 7. Estimated ni~mbcrof cards for titles in catalog ......

8. Library of Congress printed. acldcd entry cards for personal and corporate authors ...... 9. I.ibra ry of Congress printed cross-reference cards ...... 10. Cross-references typed by Union Catalog staff ...... 11. 'I'otal sripplcmcntary additions to the Catalog ...... 12. Estiinatcd numbcr of siipplcmcntary carcis in Catalog ......

13. Corrected ancl rcvisccl rcprints for L. C. titles ...... 14. i\ddcd entry corrected ancl rcviscd cards ...... 15. Total rcplacc~ncntadtiitions to tlzc catalog ...... i

16. Duplicate cards canccllcd ...... 17. 'l'itlcs checked from other Union Catalogs ...... 18. Total locations ...... \* . ;Irr.viliclr). C(~!(ilo,n.r i 19. Total carcls rcccivcci fr.o~nforeign libraries ...... 20. A~icrofilmcarcls...... 2 1 . Photo-facsirnilc carcls ...... 22. 'I'otal cards ausi1iar.y catalogs ...... Appendix XI11. Statistics of Distribution of Card Indexes. Fiscal Years 1946 and 1947 A. TOTAL INCOME FROM CARD SALES AND TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS

Sales (regular) ...... $587.012.42 $411.111.22 Sales (to Government libraries) ...... 38.500.71 13.707.12 Sales (to foreign libraries) ...... 1 9 243.8 1 5.297.13 Total ...... 1 634.756.94 1 430.115.47

B. ANALYSIS OF SALES BY CLASS

Rate per First Second 1 card cards cards Amount .. Class 1: Regular orders ...... $0.09 857, 990 ...... $77,211.00 .065 55, 256 ...... 3.591.64 .055 26. 875 ...... 1.478.12 .05 1.826. 957 ...... 91.337 . 10 .035 365. 238 ...... 12.783.33 .025 3. 596 ...... 89.90 .02 11 ...... 22 .018 597 ...... 10.75 .01 44. 722 ...... ' 447.22 .024 ...... ,.... 14.593. 752 350.250.05 .012 ...... 41. 715 500.58 Total ...... 3.181. 242 14.635. 467 537.699.91 Class 3: Series orders ...... 065 1. 873 ...... 121.75 .055 39. 874 ...... 2.193.07 -05 126 ...... 6.30 .04 11. 069 ...... 441.92 .035 30 ...... 1.05 .02 280 ...... 5.60 -024 ...... 234. 264 5.622.33 Total ...... 53. 252 234. 264 8.392.02 Class 4: Subject orders ...... -09 296 ...... 26.64 .06 17. 359 ...... 733.21 .05 38. 584 ...... 1y92c.I.20 .045 295 ...... 13.28 .04 35. 451 ...... 1.417.78 .035 10. 799 ...... 377.97 .024 ...... 77. 340 1.856.16 .012 ...... 96 1.15 - Total ...... 102. 784 7?. 436 6.355.38

148 APPENDICES B. ANALYSIS OF SALES BY CLASS-Continued

1947

Class 5: Agriculture cards ......

Total .;...... Class 6: Proofsheets ...... Class 7: Special sets ...... Class 8: Map cards ...... 065 .04 .024 Sets Total ......

Class 9 : Miscellaneous ...... Class 10: Anonymous headings ...... Class 11: Waste cards ...... Class 12: Catalog reference ......

Total ...... Class 22: Cooperative Acquisition project ......

Total ...... Class 24: Medical ...... Class 25: Depository cards ...... Class 30: L. C. Cumulative Catalog (annual) .... Class 31: L. C. Cumulative Catalog (monthlies and quarterlies) ...... Class 32: L. C. Cumulative Catalog (all issues) ... Class 90: L. C. Classification'Schedules ...... Class 91 : Additions and changes ...... Class 92: Notes and decisions ...... C. CARDS DISTRIBUTED

1 1947 1 1946 .

. Total cards sold ...... ;...... 18.793. 450 15.964. 476 Cards supplied to other sources: To depository libraries ...... 5.322. 607 8.573. 000 For the Library of Congress catalogs ...... 1.763. 490 1.602. 344 To other divisions in Library of Congress ...... 52. 073 ' 93. 465 To South American Institutions ...... 147. 762 97. 984 To other foreign institutions ...... 57. 581 35. 594 To U. S. Government libraries ...... 238. ~~1 175. 367 To cooperative libraries ...... 98.86~ 49. 260 To individuals (book donors. etc.) ...... 52. 980 42. 047 7.733. 647 10.669. 061 Cards distributed ...... 26.527. 097 26.633. 537 ( - Cards cut in bindery ...... 35.314. 732 37.130. 860 Less cards distributed ...... 26.527. 097 26.633. 537 Cards added to stock ...... 8.787. 635 10.497. 323 Author-title searches ...... 1.479. 732 1.284. 177 Serial number orders ...... 2.019. 386 1. 973. 894 Number of active subscribers (estimated) ...... 1 8. 000 7. 499 New subscribers added: Regular ...... 373 306 Foreign ...... 29 15 U. S. Government libraries ...... 41 25 Firms and individuals ...... 129 4150 Total ...... 572 ( 496

1 Final estimaledjgure it~ludiq~cancellalions of a number of War and Navy Defiarlmcnt camps and posts . Appendix XIV. Statistics of Binding. Fiscal .Years 1946 and 1947 .

1947 1946

Volumes transmitted to the bindery: Full binding: Books ...... 24. 837 21. 340 . Newspapers ...... 3. 943 . 3. 009 Quarter-binding ...... 23. 084 18. 825 Total new binding ...... 51. 864 43. 174 Rebinding ...... 9. 973 8. 343 Total volumes transmitted ...... 61. 837 51. 517 Volumes returned from the bindery: Full binding: Books ...... 33. 609 22. 730 Newspapers ...... 3. 030 3. 299 Quarter-binding ...... 21. 182 23. 957 Total new binding ...... 57. 821 49. 986 Rebinding...... 7. 416 12. 833 Total volumes returned ...... :...... 65. 237 62. 819 Pamphlets stitched in covers ...... 18. 401 19.310. Rare books repaired. cleaned and conditioned ...... 7. 258 6. 205 Other books repaired without binding ...... 8. 208 5. 394 Prints and fine arts books given preservative treatment ...... 27. 165 26. 863 Manuscripts restored and repaired ...... 77. 357 51. 975 Maps mounted and conditioned ...... 45. 806 38. 858 Appendix XV. General Orders Issued, Fiscal Year 1947

No. 1292, July 30, 1946. Explains the Library's and procedures for staff participation in Library policy on efficiency ratings. administration. No. 1293, August 8, 1946. Transfers the Latin No. 1309, December 24, 1946. Establishes the American Bibliographical Guides program to Guard Division. the Director of the Hispanic Foundation. No. 1310, January 3, 1947. Outlines the proced- No. 1294, August 8, 1946. Announces the transfer ure for the routing and selection of periodicals of the Delta Collection from the Thomas and newspapers received as copyright deposits. Jefferson Room to the Microfilm Reading Room. No. 1311, January 20, 1947. Refers to the avail- No. 1295, August 22, 1346. Establishes a Folk- ability of special guide service. lore Section in the Music Division. No. 1312, January 21, 1947. Assigns to directors No. 1296, September 11, 1946. Announces the of Departments the responsibility for the daily schedule for submission of annual reports and transmittal of leave cards to the Personnel Office. special articles for Tile Library of Congres~Quarterly No. 1313, January 22, 1947. Revises General Journal of Current Acquisitions throughout the Order 1301 with respect to the hours of service calendar year 1947. of the Law Library in the Capitol. No. 1297, September 20, 1946. Announces No. 1314, February 14, 1947. Authorizes meet- changes in schedules for Saturday and Sunday ings of Department directors with division chiefs service. and other supervisory personnel. No. 1298, September 26, 1946. Explains leave No. 1315, March 14, 1947. Directs that staff and attendance regulations. in the Library. meetings be held in each division, section, or No. 1299, October 1, 1946. Consolidates the other suitable unit, to discuss Library policies work for the blind under the administration of and programs. - the Division of Books for the Adult Blind, and No. 1316, April 14, 1947. Announces the closing announccs liquidation of the corporation of the of the Prints and Photographs Reading Room National Library for the Blind, Incorporated, on Saturdays, Sundays qdholidays. and mergcr of its activities with the work for No. 13,17, April 14, 1947. Announces revision of the blind at the Library of Congress. Saturday hours of opening in the Hispanic No. 1300, October 3, 1946. Designates the Room. Motion Picture Project as the Motion Picture No. 1318, April 28, 1947. Establishes responsibil- Division. ities for control of the use of penalty indicia and No. 1301, October 7, 1946. Announces the hours describes the system of reports to be used. of public service in the Library's reading rooms, No. 1319, May 15, J947. Describes the Em- superseding General Order 1259. ployees Loyalty Program to be undertaken by No. 1302, October 16, 1946. Changes the name the Library. of Division of Books for the Adult Blind to No. 1320, May 19, 1947. Establishes certain Division for the Blind. correspbndence requirements. No. 1303, October 16, 1946. Announces the No. 1321, May 21, 1947. Outlines procedures for availability of guide service for tours of the handling requests from Members of Congress exhibit area? during specified hours on weekdays. for reference and research services. No. 1304, October 17, 1946. Transfers the No. 1322, May 23, 1947. Announces the observ- Mimeograph and Multilith Section from the ance of Memorial Day as a holiday. No. 1323, June 3, 1947. Establishes the Science Supply Office to the Office of the Secretary. ' No. 1305, October 22, 1946. Describes the ad- and Technology Project in the Reference De- ministrative organization of the Processing De- partment, with divisional status. partment, incorporating or superseding pro- No. 1324, June 20,1947. Amends General Order visions of previous general orders on this subject. 1298 on leave regulations. No. 1325, June 24, 1947. Announces that the No. 1306, December 2, 1946. Outlines the pro- Library will operate under 'the terms of Bureau cedure to be followed in accepting and rejecting of the Budget Circular No. A-23 with respect to materials sent on approval. inter-agency record transfers. No. 1307, December 3, 1946. States the proced- NO. 1326, June 27, 1947. Prescribes the methods ure to be followed in cataloging special collec- and forms for compiling statistics of the materials tions. which the Library receives, adds to its collec- No. 1308, December 5 1946. Establishes policies tions, and disposes of otherwise. Appendix XVI. Statistics of Employment and Personnel Actions .4 . EMPLOYMENT IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. FISCAL YEAR 1947

Employment on pay period ending- Author- ized positions July 1. Dec. 29. June 29. . 1946 1946 1947 --- Salaries, Library Proper: Office of Librarian ...... 3 3 4 4 --- Officeof Chief Assistant Librarian ...... 2 ...... 1 Information and Publications Office ...... 6 7 6 7 Keeper of Collections ...... 2 ---5 3 2 Total ...... 10 12 9 10 --- Director of Administrative Ser\rices...... ' 5 4 3 6 Account's Office...... 6 . 7 7 7 Disbursing Office...... 7 6 7 6 Personnel Office...... 25 26 26 26 Photoduplication Service ...... 1 ...... Secretary's Office...... 25 27 31 28 Supply Office...... 5 11 6 6 Tabulating Office...... :...... 5 ---6 6 6 Total ...... 78 88 86 85 --- Director of Reference Department ...... 11 9 10 9 Assistant Director of Public Reference ...... 2 1 . 1 1 General Reference and Bibliography Division...... 49 49 ?: 44 Aeronautics Division ...... 5 4 4 Hispanic Foundation ...... 8 5 10 10 hlanuscripts Division ...... 18 17 18 18 Maps Division ...... 14 15 16 13 Music Division ...... 16 .14 15 15 Orientalia Division ...... 20 19 22 21 Prints and Photographs Division ...... 12 10 12 12 Rare Books Division ...... 9 10 10 8 Stack and Reader Division ...... 72'6 76 78 62 Serials Division ...... 44 46 46 1 46 Loan Division ...... 52 ---49 52 45 Total ...... 332>< ---324 344 308 . Law Library ...... 31 1 31 32 31 =-7 Director of Processing Department ...... 16 17 15 15 Descriptive Cataloging Division ...... 97 85 88 66 Subject Cataloging Division ...... 56 55 60 65 Binding Division ...... 9 9 8 8 Catalog Maintenance Division ...... '.... 27 ---24 26 26 Total ...... 205 ---190 197 180 Director of Acquisitions Department ...... 15 11 11 9 Exchange and Gift Dicision ...... 30 34 24 Order Division ...... 31 35 31 Serial Record Division ...... 16 ---21 ::19 19 83 Total ...... 92 -101 --93 Special and Temporary Services...... 4 1 .I.=== 1 Total, Salaries, Library Proper 1 ...... 751 ( 749 769 702 -.-- -1--

See footnotes at end oJ table. 154 REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS. 1947 A. EMPLOYMENT IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. FISCAL YEAR 1947- Continued

Employment on pay period Author- ending- ized positions July 1. Dec. 29. June 29. 1946 I 1946 1 1947 ... Salaries, Copyright Office...... 201 168 192 238 Legislative Reference Service ...... ,...... 112% 88 112 160

Distribution of Printed Cards ...... ' ... 133 127 149 158 Index to State Legislation ...... 21M 15 ' 16 35 Motion Picture Project ...... 18 4 11 23 Union Catalogues ...... 36 23 22 57 Books for Adult Blind ...... 12 15 16 24 Salaries, Library Buildings ...... ;...... 32.6 ---280 282 269 Total other appropriations 2 ...... 850 720 800 964 ...--- Total, Library appropriations ...... 1, 601% 1, 469 1, 569 1, 666 ...... Naval Research Project ...... 15 Cooperation with American Republics ...... 11 17 18 Office of Scientific Research and Development Project ...... 25 22 27 Music Loan Library Project ...... 4 2 1 Surplus Books for Veterans Project ...... 55 53 61 ...... Total, other agencies 3 ...... 95 94 . 122 ... CooperativeAcquisitions Project ...... 35 38 42 Photoduplication Service Revolving Fund ...... 40 59 50 Other Gift Funds ...... -.. 25 8 9 Trust Funds ...... G 3 5 Permanent Loan ...... 6 4 4 ... Total, Gift and Trust Funds ...... 112 112 110 ...... Grand total, all funds 5 ...... 1, 601f/2 1, 676 1, 775 , . 1, 898

I 1 Also divided as follows: Less than 40 hours...... 9 8 Hour Roll ...... 2 Leavewithoutpay ...... 28 16 Other ...... 712 743 2 Also divided as follows: Less than 40 hours ...... 15 . 13 Hour Roll ...... 118 122 Leave without pay ...... 16 25 Other ..'...... 571 640 ' 3 Also divided.as follows: Less than 40 hours...... 2 2 Hour Roll ...... Leavewithoutpay ...... 2 ...... Other ...... 91 92 Also divided as follows: Less than 40 hours ...... 4 5 Hour Roll ...... 7 . 13 Leavewithout pay ...... 2 1 Other ...... 99 93 5 Also divided as follows: Less than 40 hours...... 30 28 HourRoll ...... 125 137 Leavewithoutpay ...... 48 42 Other ...... 1, 473 1, 568 APPENDICES 155 B. PERSONNEL ACTIONS, FISCAT, YEARS 1943-1 947 - Nature of action 1947 1946 1945 1944 1943 -_____- Appointments ...... 934 639 840 779 1,059 Promotions...... 277 251 164 318 681 Transfers ...... 646 483 340 555 460 Increases within grade...... I, 047 916 1 384 322 262 Details...... 99 42 69 ...... trtensions...... 427 3:: 162 279 245 Reclassification ...... 205 125 86 478 233 Demotions ...... 38 3 ...... 6 2 Return from military furlough...... 42 160 ...... --I - Separations: Resignations ...... 473 412 562 531 750 Terminations ...... 248 84 309 134 389 Dismissals...... :.-.... 16 11 4 14 20 Retirements...... 13 12 15 18 6 Deaths...... 6 6 5 3 9 Military furlough...... :...... 0 8 20 45 87 -_ -,--_-- Total ...... 756 5331 915 745 1,261 Appendix XVII: Financiai Statistics A. STATEMENT OF ACTIVITY FOR FISCAL YEAR 1947, AS OF JUNE 30, 1947

I 1 I 1 I I Unobligated funds Unexpended Unliquidatedobligations / Funds trans- Reimburse- balances of Appropriation title Current ap- ferred from ments to appropria- propriation other govern- appropria- brought for- tions brought ward from ment agencies tions forward from prlor year 1 prior year

ANNUAL APPROPRIA'I'IONS Salaries, Library Proper: 1947 ...... 1946-47 ...... 1946 ...... 1945-46 ...... 1945 ...... Salaries, Copyright Office: 1947...... 1946 ...... 1945...... Legislative- Reference Service: 1947 ...... 469,300.00 ...... 1946-47...... 5,700.00 ...... 1946 ...... '...... 1945 Distribution...... of printed cards: 1947...... 1946...... 1945 ...... Index to State legislation: 1947...... 1946 ...... 1945 ...... ,. .... Sunday opening: 1945...... Union catalog:" 1947...... - 1946 ...... 1945 ...... Motion picture project: 1947...... 1946 ......

Total appropriated funds...... WorX ittg Ftitids Transfers from: Department of State: 1946...... 1945 ...... Oficc of Scientific Research and Dc- velopment: 1946...... War Department, Research and De- velopment Board: 1947...... Navy Department, Office of Naval Re- scarch: 1947...... Total working funds...... Total transfers from other govcrn- ment agencies......

Trust Accottnts 2 Bequest of Gertrude M. Hubbard, principal account ...... Bequest of Gertrude M. Hubbard, interest account...... i...... Library of Congress Trust Fund, permanent loan ...... 1,ibrary of Congress Trust Fund, interest on permanent loan...... Library of Congress Trust Fund, income from investment account...... Library of Congrcss Gift Fund...... Uncarncd copyright fees, Library of Con- gress. ....:...... Unearncd catalog card fees, Library of Con- gress...... Espenses of depository sets Library of Con- gress catalog cards...... Total trust accounts...... Grand total......

1 Incltrdes at!jtrstmetils niade driritlg Jiscal year 19-47. "For anal_ysisoj Gift and Trttsl finds by Donors (sec exfr;bil 13). A. STATEMENT OF ACTIVITY FOR FISCAL YEAR '1947, AS OF JUNE 30, 1947-Continued

Unobligated funds Obligations Transfers to incurred dur- Expenditures surplus fund Unexpended Unliquidated Appropriatedfor fiscal Appropriation title ing current during current of baliinces obligations Not available Available for fiscal year year Treasury for obligation obligation year 1948 fiscal year fiscal year 1948 1948 - ---.------

ANNUAL APPROPRIATIONS salaries, Library Proper: 1947 ...... $2,324,148.37 $2,235,606.56 ...... $89,393.44 $88,541.81 . $851.63 ...... 1946-47 ...... 57,000.00 57,000.00 ...... 1946...... 44,123.98 ...... 275.39 ...... 275.39 ...... 1945-46...... 504.96 ...... 235.46 ...... 235.46 ...... 1945...... -319.02 $5,243.18 ...... Salarics, Copyright Office: 1947...... 589,655.49 561,201.02 ...... 30,723.98 28,454.47 2,269.51 ...... 1946 ...... : ...... 18,870.19 .:...... 559.27 ...... 559.27 ...... 1945 ...... 3.04 31,126.67 ...... Legislative Rcfcrence Service: 1947 ...... :' 466,971.29 440,493.72 ...... 28,806.28, 26,477.57 2,328.71 ...... 1946-47...... :... 5, 700. 00 5,700.00 ...... 1946 ...... 7,475.05 ...... 2. 16 ...... 2.16 ...... 1945 ...... 420.78 ...... Distribution of printed cards: 1947 ...... 341,108.97 325,615.04 ...... 18,384.96 15,493.93 2,891.03 ...... :.. 1946 ...... 8,103.11 ...... 117.33 ...... 117.33 ...... 1945 ...... -16.15 4,768.16 ...... Index to State legislation: 1947...... 93,789.91 83,626.47 ...... 10,473.53 10,163.44 310.09 ...... 1946 ...... 2,091.64 ...... 289.15 ...... 289.15 ...... 1945: ...... 52.68 ...... Sunday opening: ' 1945 ...... 10,000.00 ...... Union catalog: 1947 ...... 97,681.47 83,779.36 ...... 14,220.64 13,902.11 318.53 ...... 1946 ...... 4,179.74 ...... 678.56 11.85 666.71 ...... 1945 ...... 4,131.58 ...... Motion picture project: 1947...... 98,648.69 66,044.14 ...... 33,955.86 32,604.55 1,351.31 ...... 1946...... 630. 51 ...... 402.42 ...... 402.42 ...... Increase, general : 1947-48...... 226,746.36 85,802.27 ...... 284,197.73 140,944.09 ...... 143,253.64 300,000.00 5 1946-47 ...... 112,227.56 259,206.02 ...... 130,934.17 130,934.17 ...... 2: 1945-46...... 22,456.79 ...... 3,740.41 2,882.74 857.67 ...... 9 1944-45 ...... 16.25 973.72 ...... r Increase, Law Library: 1947-48...... 76,706.47, 20,230.81 ...... 104,769.19 56,475.66 ...... :.....: 48,293.53 95,000.00 m @ 1946-47 ...... 39,601.07 43,051.00 ...... 72,820.48 72,820.48 ...... 1945-46 ...... 18,190.95 ...... 10,727.70 10,683.87 43.83 ...... 1944-45 ...... 1,426.42 174.50 ...... Books for Supreme Court: .. 1947...... 19,997.40. 14,120.26 ...... 5,879.74 5,877.14 2.60 ...... 20,000.00 1946...... 10,602.33 ...... 1,272.19 1,251.32 20.87 ...... 1945 ...... 114.07 1,061.68 ...... Books for adult blind: 1947...... 498,420.87 289,724.68 ...... 210,275.32 208,696.19 1,579.13 ...... 1,000,000.00 1946 ...... 266,100.28 ...... -~82,888.05 82,690.93 197.12 ...... :...... 1945...... 57,794.33 4,244.88 ...... Printing and binding, general: 1947...... 375,589.43 286,906.97 .....:..... 94,593.03 88,682. 46 5,910.57 ...... 381,C;OC). 00 1946...... 74,182.17 ...... 9.025.71 9, 000. 00 25.71 ...... 1945...... 8,933.66 2,709.70 ...... ;...... Printing and binding, catalog of title entries of the Copy- right Office: 1947...... 33,399.79 3,144.79 ...... 31,855.21 30,255.00 1,600.21 ...... 35,000.00 1946...... 12,780.25 ...... 273.13 ...... 273.13 ...... 1945 ...... 10,673.34 r...... Printing and binding, catalog cards: . - 1947...... 386,923.26 234,217.20 ...... 177,164.80 152,706.06 24,458.74 ...... 400,000.00 1946 ...... '...... 80,486.62 ...... 8,435.08 2,541.00 5,894.08 ...... 1045...... 3,328.36 ...... Contingent expenses: 1947...... 34,826.28 31,395.41 ...... 3,604. 59 3,430.87 173.72 ...... 40,000.00 1946...... 2,764.98 ...... 198.38 39.32 159.06 ...... 1945...... 92 608.17 ...... Furniture and equipment: 1945...... 80.95 ...... Photoduplicating expenses: 1947 ...... 33,200.00 26,488.51 ...... 6,711.49 6,711.49 ...... 20,700.00 1946...... 6,926.46 ...... 91.76 82.28 9.48 ...... 1945...... 41.05 ...... Penalty mail costs: 1947...... 12,500.00 6,289.24 ...... 6,210:76 '6,210.76 ...... 29,000.00 1946...... 3,522.99 ...... 5,304.46 5,304.46 ...... 1945...... 3,460.61 ...... w See footnotes at end ojtable. es A. STATEMENT OF ACTIVITY FOR FISCAL YEAR 1947, AS OF JUNE 30, 1947-Continued

Unobligated funds Obligations Transfers to incurred dur- iurplus func Unexpcnclcd Unliquidated Appropriated Appropriation title ing current during currcnt of balances obligations Not available Available fol for fiscal fiscal year year Treasury for obligation obligation year 1948 fiscal year fiscal year 1948 1948

ANNUAL APPROPRIATIONS-Con. I I Security of collections: 1945 ...... Salaries, Library Buildings: 1947...... $491,485.87 1946...... 1945 ...... Sunday Opening, Library Build- lngs: 1945...... Maintenance, Library Buildings: 1947...... 33,885.65 1946...... 1945...... Expenses, Library of Congress, Trust Fund Board: 1947...... 1946...... 1945...... Total annual appropriations...... 6,450,214.20 TRANSFERS PROM OTHER GOVERNhIENT AGENCIES

Cooperation with the American Republics (transfer to the Library of Congress) : 1947 ...... 1946...... 1945...... 'Salaries and expenses, Veterans' Administration (transfer to the Library of Congress) : 1947...... 1946...... Administration (transfer to the Library of Congress): 1947 ..L...... 7,000.00 ...... Total appropriated funds. 440,261.27 . 337,214. 65 2, 184. 40 ------J~VorkingFtitzds Transfers from: Department of State: 1946...... 10,802.89 6,638.47 ...... 1945...... 6, 189. 06 6, 911. 46 1,732. 90 Office of Scientific Research and Development: 1946. . 62,148.59 60,737.62 ...... War Department, Research and Development Board: 1947 ...... Navy Department, Ofice of Naval Research: 1947. 13, 553. 43 9,555.62 ...... 106,444.38 3,997.81 Total working funds. . 92, 693.97 83, 843. 17 1,732.90 154, 945. 79 11, 239. 79 Total transfers from I. 1 I I I- other government ...... agenc~cs. 532,955.82 1 . 421057.82 3, (117.30 445,200.49 / 114505.10 Trlcst Accorints 2 Bequest of Gertrude M. Hub- bard, principal account...... 20,000.00 ...... 20,000.00 ...... Bequest of Gertrude M. Hub- bard, interest account...... 4,664.23 ...... ! * 4, 664.23 ...... Library of Congress Trust Fund, permanent loan...... 1,907,994.08 ...... 1,907,994.08 ...... Library of Congress Trust Fund, interest on permanent loan. .. 62, j29.97 68,173.27 ...... 96,973.06 8,679.89 ...... 88,293.17 ...... Library of Congress Trust Fund, income from investment account ...... 21,188.65 20,113.53 ...... 20,136.84 4,414.39 ...... 15,722.45 ...... Library of Congress Gift Fund.. 664,315. 62 646,329.70 ...... 270,054.17 104,067.83 ...... 165,986.34 ...... Unearned copyright fees, Li- brary of Congress...... 23,866. 63 23,866. 63 ...... 10,260. 29 ...... 10,260.29 ...... Unearned catalog card fees, Library of Congress...... 686.52 686.52 ...... 540.27 ...... 540.27 ...... Expenscs of depository sets, Library of Congress catalog cards ...... 1, 625. 39 1,525.81 ...... 1,848.76 739.85 ...... 1,108.91 ...... ,7iota1 trust accounts. .... 774,612.78 760,695.46 ...... 2,332,471.70 117,901. 96 1,927,994.08 286,575.66 ...... ------w Grand total...... 7, 757, 782. 22 7, 512, 344. 90 1100, 502. 24 14,---I 301, 785. 32 1, 546, 029. 63 12, 133, 926. 86 1 621, 828. 83 6, 711, 625. 00 m Inclrc(1es aOjljlis&meri&sniutle driringjscul year 7967 2 For anulysis qf Ggt and Trust 1;ztnds by Ilonors (s~ee.~liibit B). B. PERMANENT SPECIFIC APPROPRIATIONS AND TRUST FUNDS-BY DONOR STATEMENT OF ACTIVITY-, FISCAL YEAR 1947, AS OF JUNE 30, 1947

Unexpended balance~of daty:k- Unobli- Curren: Reimburse- appropr~a- Unobligated qbligations &pen&- gated ligations balance '"curred tures dur- Unex- Ullliqu;- balances Appropriation title and donor Purpose approprla-tions and approprla-merits !o broughttions pended dated -'- receipts tions forward !:,"'-'$:availableobligation for ,"SF$ ingfiscal current year balances ligat~ons I fc: &!;ga- from prlor prior fiscal y, tion fiscal year year ' year 1948 _ _ _ _ ------Bequest of Gertrude M. Hubbard. Purchase of prints...... $800.00 ...... $3,864.23 ...... $4,664.23 ...... $4,664.23 ...... $4,664.23 Library of Congress, interest ------account. Library of Congress trust fund, 1 interest on permanent loan account: Babine. bequest of Alexis V. . Purchase of Slavic material...... 267.40 ...... 1,715. 11 ...... 1,982.51 ...,...... 1, 982.51 ...... 1,982.51 Benjamin. William Evarts.. .. Chair of American History...... 1.06 ...... 75 ...... 1.81 ...... 1.81 ...... 1.81 Bowker. R. R...... Bibliogra hic Service...... 50.41 ...... 236.73 ...... 287.14 ...... 287.14 ...... 287. 14 Carnegic Corporation of New chair of kine ~rts...... 3,732.32 ...... 21,905.36 ...... 25.637.68 ...... 25,637.68 ...... 25,637.68 York. Coolidge Foundation. Elizn- Furtherance of musical research. composition, 6,022.76 ...... 3,066.17 $2.10 9,086.83 $5,624.46 $4,957.63 4,131.30 $668.93 3,462.37 beth Sprague. performance and appreciation. Elson, bequest of Bertha L.. . To provide annually one or more free lectures 240.00 ...... 124.47 ...... 364.47 ...... 364.47 ...... 364.47 open to the public upon subjects associated with music or i[r literature. To be expended as the Librarian may deem 263.40 ...... 288.36 ...... 551.76 5.00 . 5.00 546.76 ...... 546.76 best calculated to foster the interest of the public in music or in the literature of music. Friends of Music in the Li- Enrichment of Music collection...... 220.36 ...... 602.01 ...... 822.37 ...... 822.37 ...... 822.37 brary of Congress. Guggenheim Fund for the Chair of Aeronautics...... 3,626.16 ...... 1,813.08 1,813.08 3,626.16 ...... 1,813.08 3,626.16 ...... 3,626. 16 Promotion of Aeronautics. Inc.. Daniel. Huntington. Archer M...... Books-Purchase of Hispanic material...... 4,492.24 ...... 7 137 79 4 850.42 6,779.61 1,587.80 4,312.92 7,317. 11 2,125.30 5 191 81 Consultant-Consultant of Spanish and Por- 1,989.86 ...... 1: 461: 37 ...)...... 3,451.23 384.60 307.68 3,143.55 76.92 3: 066: 63 tu uese literature. Longworth Foundation. F urt erance of music...... 307.66 ...... 1,087.61 ...... 1,395.27 403. 11 403.11 992.16 ...... 992. 16 Nicholas. Miller, bequest of Dayton C.. For the benefit of the Dayton C. Miller collec- 821.92 ...... 1,214.65 150.00 1,886.57 ...... 150.00 1,886.57 ...... 1,886.57 tion of flutes. Pennell, bequest of .Joseph.. . Purchase of material in the Fine Arts...... 11,111.38 ...... 13,483.55 5,639.26 18 955 67 12 216 28 17 078 54 7 516.39 777.00 6,739.39 Porter Memorial Fund, the For consultantships...... 10,508.04 ...... 10: 506 04 10: 508: 04 10: 500 04 ...... Henry Kirke. Sonneck Memorial Fund.. ... Aid and advancement of musical research.. .. 483.52 ...... 2,717.82 ...... 3,201.34 ...... 3,201.34 ...... 3,201.34 Whittall Foundation; Ger- Maintenance of collection of Stradivari in- 18,616.99 ...... 7,669.60 213.50 26,073.09 23,947.52 23,529.99 ' 2,756.60 631.03 2, 125.57 trude Clarke. struments and Tourte Bows presented by Mrs. Whittall. and for programs in which those instruments are used. Wilbur, James B...... Chair of Geography...... 3,274.28 ...... 2,728.57 ...... 6,002.85 ...... 6,002.85 ...... 6 002 85 Acquisition of serviceable reproductions of 7,706.86 ...... 21,499.21 1, 199.97 28,006. 10 7, 152.49 4,014.29 25, 191.78 4,338. 17 20: 853: 61 manuscript material on American history in European archives.

Unexpended Unliqui- Unohli- balance! of date2 OPligation~ gated Curren! Reirnbursc- approprla- ligations unobligated tncurrcd Uncr- Unliqui- balances merits balmce :;,":!ti- Appropriation title and dollor Purpose approprla-tions and approprla-to broughttlons pcnded dated ob- nvai'ablc receipts tions forward ~'~~$~availableobligation for $i::tyear ingflscal current year balances ligations for obliga- from prlor from prior tion fiscal year year 1 year 1948 ------Library oi Congress Gift Fund - Continued Coolidge Foundation...... For the preparation of a bibliography on the ...... $51 1.47 ...... $51 1.47 ...... $51 1.47 ...... $51 1.47 Dutch East Indies. Cooperative acquisition-vari- Cooperative acquisition project of the Li- $169,158.32 ...... 199,273.78 $39,423.61 329,008.49 $265.766.27 $294.333.23 77,098.87 $13,856.65 63,242.22 ous donors. brary of Congress. Documenst Expediting Proj- Joint Committee of the American Library 8,825.00 ...... 8,825.00 6,642.64 6,012.04 2,812.96 630.60 2,182.36 cct. Association and Association of Research Libraries. Friends of Music in the Enrichment of Music collection...... 222.38 ...... 222.38 ...... 222.38 ...... 222.38 Library of Congress. Funk. Wilfred...... Purchase of first editions of American and ...... 50.00 ...... 50.00 ...... 50.00 ...... 50.00 English literature. Guggenheim Fund for the Acquisition of a collection of aeronautical ...... 6,124.37 22.34 6,102.03 ...... 6,124.37 22.34 6,102.03 Promotion of Aeronauttcs. h~storicalmaterial. Inc.. Daniel. Hoover Library on War. Rev- For collecting fugitive war material...... 1, 584.50 ...... 80.73 93.46 1,571.77 1,469.95 1,563.41 101.82 ...... 101.82 olution and Peace. Loeb, bequest of Richard. ... For the purchase of material on American 500.00 ...... 500.00 ...... 500.00 ...... 500.00 Govcrnmcnt. ~oefTlcr.bequest of Elise Fay.. Purchase of music...... 99.95 ...... 553.82 ...... 653.77 ...... 653.77 ...... 653.77 Middle East Institute...... For the publication of a bibliography in the 600.00 ...... 600.00 271.25 271.25 328.75 ...... 328.75 Middle East Journal. Netherlands Information Bu- Netherlands Study Unit...... 5,000.00 ...... 1,716.80 225.26 6,491.54 6,479.49 6,696.35 20.45 8.40 12.05 rcau. Pacific Council. Institute of Toward the publication of a bibliography on 60.00 ...... 60.00 60.00 60.00 ...... Pacific Relations. Southeast Asia. Program for the Blind...... For the interest of the Blind...... 337.00 ...... 30.00 ...... 367.00 ...... 367.00 ...... 367.00 Rockefeller Foundation...... Development of the archive of Hispanic ...... 2,593.83 91. 10 2,502.73 2,502.73 2,593.83 ...... culture. Photoduplication Revolving Fund...... $308,575.66 55,995.85 20,377.38 344,194. 13 278,203.20 233,476.40 131,095. 11 65,104.18 65,990.93 For cataloging and organization of Slavic ...... 12,234.54 868.44 11,366. 10 11,366.10 12,234.54 ...... material in The Library of Congress. Grants-in-Aid-Studies in American history 3,000.00 ...... 11,825.78 9,125.00 5,700.78 4,304.72 10,408.82 4,416.96 3,020.90 1, 396.06 and civilization for period Jan. 1, 1944 to Dec. 3 1. 1954. Semitic Division Gift Fund.. . Acquisition cf Semitic material...... 350.00 ...... 350.00 ...... 350.00 ...... 350.00 Straus Mcn2orial Association. Cataloging Oscar Straus Collection...... 32.32 32.32 ...... 32.32 ...... Inc., Oscar S. Whittall Foundation, Ger- Musical concerts...... 4,900.00 ...... 2,676.96 ...... 7,576.96 5,000.00 5,000.00 2,576.96 ...... 2,576.96 trl~deClarke. Books-The Stradivari Memorial...... 6.30 480.64 ...... 486.94 ...... 486.94 ...... 486.94 For purchase of Stonborough Brothers collec- 20.000.00 ...... 20.000.00 20,000.00 19,800.00 200.00 200.00 ...... I tion of musical manuscripts. Witherspoon, bquest of Florence Hinklc Witherspoon Memorial.. ... ber t. Total...... Unearned copyright fees, Library Refunds...... of Congress. I Unearned catalog card fees Li- Refunds...... brary of Congress. Expenses of depository sets of Miscellaneous application...... Library of Congress catalog , cards. I Grand Total...... - I 1 Inclltdcs adjurtiacnts made dltrin~fiscalyear 1937.

Appendix XVIII. Statistics of Visitors, Fiscal Years 1946 and 1947

Main.Building Annex Building Total

1947 1946 1947 1946 1947 1946

Total number of visitors during the year 1...... 793,038 671,494 132,665 105,631 925,703 777,125 Daily average for the 364 days on which the buildings were open. ... 2,179 1,849 365 293 2,544 2,142 Total number of visitors on weekdays. 674,789 530,838 109,925 84,293 784,714 615,131 Daily average for weekdays...... 2,212 1,746 359 279 2,571 2,025 Total number of visitors on Sundays and holidays...... 118,249 140,656 22,740 21,338 140,989 161,994 Daily average for Sundays and holidays...... 2,004 2,384 399 368 1 2,403 2,783 These figures itz~ludemembers qf the Library staf. The Main Building was closed December 25, 7946. The Annex Building was closed Jub 4, 7946, and December 24 7946. 169 Appendix XIX. Legislation Specifically Relating to the Library of Congress, Fiscal Year 1947

Legislalive Reorgani-:ofion Ait, approved August 2, Amendment to Act to Provide Books for the Adult Blind, 1946 (60 Stat. 833-834, 836). approved August 8, 1946 (60 Stat. 908 ch. 868). Section 140 (a) directs that all noncurrent Increases from $500,000 to $1,125,000 the records of Congress be trznsferrcd to the Na- authorized annual appropriations to the Library tional Archives for preservation (cf. Title 2, of Congress for books for the adult blind, and U. S. Code, Sec. 147, whicI1 directed the Clerk from $100,000 to 5200,000 the amount that may of the House of Rrpresentatives to deliver to the be spent annually for books in raised characters. Librarian of Conqrejs ail printed matter and The remainder of the appropriation shall be manuscripts of the House, for preservation and spent annually for the purchase, maintenance, ready reference). and replacement of reproducers for the sound- Section 141 directs the Librarian of Congress reproduction recordings. A11 books, recordings, "to have bound at the end of each session of and reproducers will remain the property of the Congress the printed hearings of testimony Library of Congress, but may be loaned to blind taken by each committee of the Congress at the readers under regulations prescribed by the preceding session." Librarian. Section 203 (a) establishes, as a separate de- Second Deficiency ,4pprojriation Act Of 7947, approved partment in the Library of Congress, the Legis- May 26, 1947 (Public Law 76, 80th Congress). lative Reference Service. Specifies that the duties of the Service shall be (1) to advise and Appropriates $468,600, plus $36,100 (derived assist committees of Congress in analyzing by transfer from the appropriation "printing legislative proposals, etc., (2) to make available catalog cards, 1947") for increased pay costs for data bearing upon legislation, and (3) to prepare the Library. summaries and digests of public hearings before Joint Resolittion for Revision of the Annotated Consti- committees of the Congress, and of bills and l!ition, approved June 17, 1947 (Public Law 95, resolutions of a public general nature introduced 80th Congress). in either House. Authorizes and directs the Librarian of Con- Section 203 (b) provides for appointment of gress to "have the Annotated Constitution of senior specialists in specified fields, at grades the United States of America, published in 1938, not less than the highest grade to which ari- revised and extended to include annotations of alysts and consultants in research in the esecu- decisions of the Supreme Court prior to January tive branch of the Government are appointed. 1, 1948 . . .". Authorizes an appropriation of Section 203 (c) authorizes appropriations for 835,000 for carrying out this work. the Legis:ative Reference Service, as follows: (1) for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1947, Sufllemcntal Apjrojriation .4ct, 7948, approved $550,OGO, (2) for fiscal, 1948, S650,000, (3) for July 30, 1?47 (Public Law 271, 80th Congress). fiscal, 1949, $750,000 and (4) for each fiscal Appropriates $2,800, addition for penalty year thereafter such sums as may be necessary mail costs for the fisc~1years 1916 and 1947. to carry on the work of the Service. 170 APPENDICES 171

Legislative Branch Afiropriation .4ct. 7948. approved July 17. 1947 (Public Law 197. 80th Congress). Makes appropriations for the Library. as follows: Salaries. Library Proper (including services in connection with the loyalty program) ...... $2.350. 000 Salaries. Copyright Office ...... 591. 925 Legislative Iceference Service ...... 450. 000 Distribution of Printed Cards ...... 350. 000 Index to State Legislation (available through fiscal year 1949) ...... ' 50. 000 Union Catalogues ...... 61. 000 Liquidation of Motion Picture Project ...... 12. 000 Increase of Library of Congress. General (available through fiscal year 1949) ...... 300. 000 Increase of Library of Congress. Law Library (available through fiscal year1949) ...... 95. 000 Books for the Supreme Court ...... 20. 000 Books for Adult Blind ...... 1.000. 000 Printing and Binding. General ...... 381. 500 Printing and Binding. Catalogue of Title Entries of Copyright Office .. 35. 000 Printing and Binding. Catalogue Cards ...... 400. 000 Contingent expenses ...... 40. 000 Photoduplicating expenses ...... 20. 700 Penalty mail costs ...... 29. 000 Salaries. Library Buildings ...... 495. 000 Maintenance. Library Buildings ...... 30. 000 Expenses. Library of Congress Trust Fund Board ...... 500 Total ...... $6.711. 625

INDEX Appropriations, 24, 27; Legislative Branch (1947) 28, 171; statistics, 88, 164-167; see also, Con- A. A. F. Aeronautical Chart Service, 56. gress. House Committee on Appropriations. cCAcce~~ion~,"143. Archive of American Folk Song, 81. Acquisitions Department, 60-68; foreign publi- Archive of Hispanic Culture, 53. cations, 49; functions, 21: merger, 82; publica- Arkansas, University of, 113. tions, 121 ;statistics, 141. ems, John Taylor, 6, 52. Acquisition of materials, 60-68. Army Air Forces, 56. Adkinson, Burton W., 5. Army Map Service, 73, 76. -4dministration, Personnel, Finance, 81-90. Army Medical Library, 14, 72, 73, 102, 104, Adlninistrative Department, 81-90; functions 21; 106, 107. Information requests, 116; publications, 120, Assembly of Librarians of the Americas, 15,3840, ' 123; statistics, 153-155. 47, 87. Advanced Research Section, 82; reports, 132. Association of Research Libraries, 64, 77, 89. "Aerial Photography," 56. Atomic energy, lists, (24 issues) 28. Aeronautics Division, 16, 35, 54; location, 82; Auden, Wystan Hugh, 7. publications, 121. Audio-visual material, collections, 107. Agency libraries, 104. Agriculture, Department of Library, 102, 104, 106-1 07. Aiken, Conrad, 7. Baldwin, Amelia H., 130. Air Coordinating Committees, 36. Ball, Dudley, 130. Air Documents Indes, 36. Barcus, Thomas R., 6. Air Power League, see National Air Council. Bartlett, Hazel, 6, 86. "Air Transportation and National Defense," 56. Baumgardt, David, 6. Alexandria (Va.) Gazette, 68. Beal, Edwin G. Jr., 50. Alien Property Custodian, 50. Bell, Alexander Graham, 56. Allen, Donald C., 87. Besso, Henry V., 39, 88. Allen, Julius, 130. Bibliograf in Pztertoriqueiia, 39. - i\lmanacs, 53. . Bibliografiizic Index, 110. -4merican Book Center, 67'. Bibliographic operations, 17; Bibliograhical con- .American Council of Learned Societies, -44, 48, trol, 109-1 15; service, 107. 68, 89. Bibliographical Control, 109-1 15. -American Council of the Institute of Pacific Rela- Bibliografiilie der Staats-und Wirtsschaftswissen- tions, 50. schaften, 66. .American folk music, 58. Bibliographies, 33; Near East Section, 51. American Foundation for the Blind, 37. Bibliograpity of Periodical Literature on the Near and American Historical Association, gift, 42. Middle East, 51 . .American Imprints Inventory, 79. Biblio,graphy ofscientgc and Industrial Reports, 34,54. Bill of Rights, 31, 55, 57. .American Institute of Graphic Arts, 58. Billings, Elden E., 130. -4merican Library .4ssociation, 15, 16, 34, 64, 70, Bil!ings, John Shaw, 111. 89, 111, 112. Binding, 79-80; statistics, 151. American Music Loan Library Project, 88. Blachly, Margaret H. B., 6. -Andreassen, John C. L., 7. Blackstone, Sir William, 57. Anglo-Amtrican Legal Bibliografihies, 87. Blake, William, 53. Annual Report, 1946, 19. Blickensderfer, Joseph P., 6. Anti-Malarial Drugs Survey, 55. Blind, see Division for the Blind. INDEX

Boardman, Mabel, gift, 42. Census Library Project, 34. Bogan, Louise, 7. Centralized cataloging, 110. Bolivia, colonial art and architecture, 53; legal Chamberlain, Samuel, 52. literature, 58. Chamberlin, Waldo, 7. Bolton, Herbert Eugene, 19, 101. Chapin, Katherine Garrison, 7. Bond, William C., 7. Chapman, Mark E., 84. Bookbinding, 30-31. Chartcr. Library of Congress, 103. Boswell, Elizabeth, 130. ~heciilislof State Rills and Lcu;s (124 issues), 28. Botkin, Benjamin A., 7. Cherokee Adcocale (Indian Territory). 68. Boyd, Allen R., 87. Ct~ilds,James B., 6. Boyd, Julian, 43. Chile, official publication, 58. Bradford, Faith, 6. Chinese Section, 49. Bradley, John G., 5. Chisllolnl, Charles S., 87. Bradshaw, Percy E., 87. Circulation, statistics, 117-1 19. Braille titles, 124-126; sce also Division for the Civil Affairs Handbooks, 64. Blind. Civil Service Commission, 83. Bray, Robert S., 84. Civil service retirement law, 25. Brazinski, Peter A., 87. Clagett, Mrs. Helen, 39. Brewer, Henry L., 6. Clapp, Verner W., 5, 23. Brewer, Virginia W., 130. Clark, Harry Hayden, 83. Bristol, h4ark L. (addition), gift, 42. Classification, 69-72, 114; Act of 1923, 25. British archives, 44. Cleveland Print Club, 52. British Microfilming Project, 44. Cleveland Union Catalog, 78. British h4useum, 57. Code of Federal Regulations of Copyright OfFce, 93. Bronson, Lcisa G., 130. Coffin, Lewis C., 7. Brooks, C. IVayland, 4. Cogan, Lewis L., 7. Brown, Agnes M., 129. Cogswell, Albert F., 7. Budapest String Quartet, 47. Cclonial -4rt of Latin America, 53. Budgets, 20. Columbia University, 50. Bulletin of Decisions of United States Courts Involvtng Columbrts (0.)State Journal, 68. Co&righf, 93. Commentnries on /he Laws of England, 57. Bulletin of tfte Bto~~zicScic:ntists, 34. Committee on Wedical Research, 55. Bunau-Varilla, Philippe (addition), gift, 42. Comm~t~zisnlin ,,lclion, 28. Bureau of the Census, 34. Concerts, 46, 137-1 38. Burgin, Miron, 38. Condon, Edward U., 19, 101. Burke, Clinton C:., Jr., 84. Congress, First Session of the Eightieth Congress, Burke, Michael M., 7, 80. 26-27, 171. Burr, Nelson R., 87. Congress, House Committe on Appropriations, Burro\ves, Deborah, 86. 19, 20, 23. Bush, Helen E., 84. congress. House Committee on Foreign Affairs, C 44., Congress. Joint Committee, 102, 103, 112, 113. Cairns, Huntington, 7. Congress. Senate Committee on Foreign Rela- California State Library, 113. tions, 44. Card distribution, 11, 18, 75-76, 105; statistics' Congress, Members of, Service, 24-28. . 148-150. , Congressional Reading Room, 27-28. Card Division, 66, 69; distribution service, 11, Congressional Record, 28; (January 30, 1947), 36. 18, 75-76, 105; publications, 121; statistics, ccC~n~tit~ent" requests, 116. 148-1 50. Constitution of the United States, 31, 55. Castellon, Federico, 52: Coolidge, Elizabeth Sprague, 89; see also Elizabeth Catalog hlaintenance Division, 74-75, 77, 81; Sprague Coolidge ~oundition. publications, 121; statistics, 144. Cooperation with the Other American Republics, Ca~alogof Books Rrlrese~ltedby Library of Congress 39, 48, 53, 59, 67, 89. Printed Cnrtfs, 77, 78. Cooperative Acquisitions Project, 14, 63-64, 66, Catalog of Co~)~rightEntries, 57, 94, 112. 72, 89. Catalog of Enriv Books on Music, 86. Cooperative Cataloging Section, 72, 114. Calaloxitlg Ser~.ic~,110. Cooperative Distribution Project, 13.

Fisher, Arthur, 7. Gsovski, Vladimir, 42. Flexner, James Thomas, 83. Guard Division, 82. Florida, exhibit, 58. Guide to U. S. Gouernnient Moiion Pictures, 45. Florida, University of, 113. Gull, C. Dake, 84. Folklore Section, 46, 47, 48, 81. Gutenberg Bible, 55, 107. Foreign Consulates (U. S. War Department), gift, 42. H Foreign publications, 68. Hagen, Carl A., 131. Foreign representation, 65. Halbjahrverzeichnis, 66. Francis, Frank Chalton, 57. Hallock, Charles N., 88. Frazier, E. Franklin, 7. Halvorson, Homer, 64. Frederick the Great, 46. Handbook of Latin American Studits, 38. "Free Books in Time of Bondage", 56. . Hanke, L~Mis, 5, 65. Freedom Train, 31. IIansen, Morella, 13 1. Freeman, Douglas S., 19, 101. Harper's Magazine, (addition), gift, 42.

Friend, William L., Jr., 87. ; Harris, Marian S., 86. Harvard University, 47. G Harvard-Yenching Institute, 50. Gabriel, Ralph H., 82. Hastings, Carrie J., 86. Galloway, George B., 132. Hastings, Charles Harris, 6. Gaster, Theodor Herzl, 5, 49. Haykin, David J., 7. Geilner, Charles R., 130. Hebraic Section, 49, 74. General orders, 26; issued, 152. Hegeman, Annie-May, 89. General Reference and Bibliography Division, 32; Heindel, Richard H., 7. publications, 121, 123. Henkle, Herman H., 6, 17, 86. General Research Section, unpublished reports, "Henry Kirke Porter Memorial Fund", 89. 130-1 32. Henry 111: 57. Gerhart, Harry M., 87. Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 56. Germany and Japan (U. S. State, War and Navy Hicks, Harry B., 86. Departments), gift, 42. Hispanic Foundation, 38-39; publications, 121. Gertrude Clarke Whittall Foundation, 47, 56; "History of the Army -4ir Forces in Pictures", 56. concerts, 138. Holmes, Donald C., 7. Gettysburg .4ddrcss, 55. Holmes, Oliver W., 7. Gewehr, Hamilton D., 131. Holrnes, Robert M., Jr., 84. Gibbs, Clayton R., 129. Hooker, G. Vernon, 6. Gietz, Ernesto G., 6, 40. Horne, Frank B., 128, 132. Gifts, 4, 42, 66, 106. Houghton, Arthur A., Jr., 7. Gilbert, Wilfred C., 6. Hummel, Arthur W., 5. Gilbert, William H., 131. Huntington Fund, 89. Glazer, Sidney, 5, 5 1. Hutchinson, Edward P., 7. Glidden, Harold W., 5, 51. Goddard, George W., 56. Goff, Frtrdcrick R., 6. "Increase of the Library of Congress, General, Goldberg, Isaac, 84. 1947 and 1948'?, 88. Goldschmidt, Erncst Philip, 56. "Increase of the Library of Congress, Law Li- Gooch, Robcrt C., 5. brary, 1947 and 1948", 88. Goold, hgary, 130. Index to State Law, 20. Gorslin, Douglas, 52. Indian Constituent Assembly, 50. Goudy, Frederick LV., 56. Indic Section, 50.

Gould, Alicc B., 39. Information Section, reports, 130. , Government Printing Office. 58, 79. Ingersoll, Robert G., gift, 42. Government wartime films, 45. Institute of Pacific Relations, 89. Grants-in-aid, 82. Interdepartmental Committee on Cooperation Graves, W. Brooke, 6. with the Other American Republics, 39. Green, Paul, 7. Interlibrary loans, 30, 32, 33, 105. Griffith, Erncst S., 6, 87. International Agricultrrral Collaboration, 64. Griswold, Alice S., 87. International Civil Aviation Organization, 36.

7 INDEX

International Cultural Educational and Scien- LaFollette, Robert M., Jr., (addition) gift, 42. tific Exchanges, recommendations, 112. LaFollette, Robert M., Sr., (addition) gift, 42. Internships, 83. LaMontagne, Leo E., 7. Inventory. Card Division, 76. Lankes, Julius J., 52. Inverchapel, Lord, 1st Baron (Archibald John Lardone, Francesco, 6. Kerr Clark Kerr), 57. LasswelI, Harold D., 6. Investigation of Government Patent Practices and Poli- Latin America, 38-42,44,46,67,74,88; exchange cies, 34. publications, 67; music loan libraries, 46. set Iowa, centenary exhibit, 55, 56. American Music Loan Library Project. Istanbul University, 51. Law Library, 21, 26, 30, 74; publications, 121; service, 29, 40-42. J Le Chevalier DtYibiri, 53. 58. Jackson, John C., 131. Lectures, 55. James, Eldon, 42. Lederer, Max, 7. James, Macgill, 7. Legal material, 107. Japan Institute, 50. Ltger, Alexis St.-Ltger, 6. Japan Weekly Mail, 68. Legislation, 81; Copyright Office, 93-94; fiscal Japanese Section, 50. year 1947,170-171. Jefferson, Thomas, 42-43, 55. Legislative Branch Appropriation Act 1948, 46, Jeffersonian Collection, 42-43, 58, 107. 171. Jenkins, William S., 68. Legislative Reference Service, 16, 20, 21, 83, 116; John Carter Brown Library, 44. duties, 25; first established, 24; general service, John Crerar Library, 86. 27-28; legislation, 81 ; publications, 122, 123- Johnston, Alice Reed, 87. 124; specialis: service, 27; unpublished reports, Joint Committee of Indexing and Abstracting in 128-1 32. the Major Fields of Research, 15. Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, 16, 20, Joint Committee on Documents, 89. 24-27, 81. Jones, Meriam C., 84. Leikind, Morris C., 6. Journal of the Burtna Research Society, 50. Leite de Castro, Christovam, 39. Leland, Waldo, G., 19, 101; gift, 42. I Leningrad Public Library, 71, I I Kalijarvi, Thorsten V., 86, 131. Lerner, Daniel, 62. I Kaufman, Clarice R., 87. Lessing, J. Rosenwald Collection, 53, 56, 58, 67. Kebler, Leonard, 56. 67. Lessley, James A., 84. Keeper of the Collections, 30. Levin, Jack, 86, 131, 132. Keller, Alton H., 6. Lev is, Wilmarth S., 19, 101. Kelso, Mary E., 84. Library Journal, 110. Kennerly, Edwin; 129. Library of Congress, collection, 60; National Kent, RockweIl, 52. Library, 102-108. Kerr, Archibald John Kerr Clark, see Inverchapel, Library of Congress Mission in Europe, 61, 65. Lord, 1st Baron. Library of Congress Planning Committee, 18-20, Keyser, C. Frank, 131, 132. 101-108, 112. Kilmer, Kenton, 131. Library of Congress Serics in American Ciciliration, 82. King John, 57. Library of Tumorrow, 111. Kleine CoIIection, 45. Lincoln, Abraham, 35, 55, 67, 74. Korean Collection, 49. Lincoln, Harold S., 5. Korson, Rae, 87. Lincoln, Robert Todd, 74; see also Robert Todd Kramer, Sidney, 7. Lincoln Collection. Kremer, Alvin W., 5, 57, 80. Livingston, Helen, 84, 130. Kreps, Theodore J., 132. Loan Division, 31, 32-33. Krould, Harry J., 6. Loeb, Richard, 89. Kuttner, Stephan George, 6. Lomax, John A., 5. Longworth, Nicholas, see Nicholas Longworth L Foundation. L. C. ClmsiJcation-Additionr and Changts, 72. Louden, Mildred, 88. Lacock Abbey, Magna Carta, 57. Lowe, Elias Avcry, 6. Lacy, Dan M., 6. Lowell, Robert T. S.. 6. 76631848-12 INDEX

Loyalty investigations, 23, 84-85. Miller, Dayton C., 46. Luhetzky, Seymour, 6. Milne, George Heron, 6. Lundgren, Sven, 65. Minnesota Historical Society, 67. Lydenberg, Harry Miller, 6. Minnesota Legislature, 67. Lynn, Marjorie H., 6. Mischoff, Willard O., 7. Modern Language Association, 44, 46. A4onthly Cafalogue of 11. S. Public Documents, 112. Monlltly C/ircB List of Slate Publications, 57, 67, 112. ,McDaniel, Frances M., 87. McFarland, Carl, 19, 101. Moon, see Division for the Blind. Moore, Ardala, 88. MacLeish, Archibald, Librarian of Congress (1 939-1 944), 11. Moore, John Bassctt, gift, 42. McNair, Mary W., 71. Morales, Arturo, 6, 39, 66. Morgan, George W., 7. Magna Carta, 31, 55, 57. "Magna Carta and Constitutional Guarantees of Morsch, Lucile M., 6, 17. Liberty", 57. Motion Picture, 34. hIagnes, Judah Leon, 49. Motion Picture Project, 20, 74, 81; Division, 45- 46; publications, 122. Mahoney, John Rolla, 86, 132. Mail and Delivery Section, 81. Mugridge, Donald H., 7. Maine State Library, 113. Mullaney, Joseph E., 7. Mann, Thomas, 7, 56, 89. Murra, Kathrine O., 87. Manning, Raymond E., 132. Music Division, -46, 81; collection, 107; publica- Manpower, 22-23. tions, 122. Manross, Lottie, 131. Acfanual on the use of state fiublications, 113. Manuscripts and parchments, 31. N. F. F. E., sec National Federation of Federal Manuscripts Division, 31, 42, 74; collections, 107; Employees. publications, 122. Nathan, Otto, 6, 65. Maps Division, 43, 73; collection, 107; publica- National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, 36. tions, 124. National Air Council, 36, 56. Marcy, William L., gift, 42. National Archives, 31, 43, 81, 104, 108. Martin, Clare C., 86. National Bibliography and Bibliographical Con- Martin, Lawrence, 6. trol, a proposal, 109-1 15. Martin, Nella J., 71. National Bureau of Standards, 31. Martin, Thomas P., 5. National Censtcses and Vital Statistics in Eurofie, 1918- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 55. 1939, 34. Masten, Floyd E., 7. National Federation of Federal Employees, 84. Mather and Pinchot Collection, 53. National Gallery of Art, 103, 108. Maugham, William Somerset, 7. National Library, 102-108. May, Grace E., 84. National Library Advisory Council, 103. "The Meaning of Prints," 52. National Library for the Blind, Inc., 37-38. Mearns, David Chambers, 5. National Library of the United States of America, Medill, William, gift, 42. 102, 103. Medina Collcction, 44. National Manuscript Council, 103, 109. Mcehan, John I., 7, 88. National Park Service, 52-53. Merriam, C. Hart, gift, 42. National Research Council, 64. Meritorious services, 87. National Union Catalog, 69. Metcalf, Keyes D., 19, 68, 101. Navy Department, 31, 88, 150. Mesican States, legal literature, 58. Near East Section, 5 1. Meyer, hlrs. Eugene, 4. Negro journalism, 68. Microfilm Reading Room, 31, 44. Netherlands Information Bureau, 48. Microfilming, 67-68. Netherlands Studies Unit, 48. Middle East Institute, 89. Neuburger, Otto, 7, 39. Middle East Journal, 5. New Hampshire State Library, 113. Mier, Kathryn, 19, 101. Newspapers, 60, 67. Milhollen, Hirst D., 6. Nicholas Longworth ~oundation,46; concert, 138. Miller, Adolph C., 4. Nicolay, John G., gift, 42. "Nietzsche's Philosophy in the Light of Contem- Photoduplication Service, 30, 34, 82, 89, 106; porary Events", 57. statistics, 139. Nipe, Merlin H., 6. Pickford, Mary, 57; gift, 45. Nolan, John L., 6. Pictorial Americana, 52. Jron-Self-GoverningAreas, 34. Plains and the Rockies (San Francisco, 1937), 53. North Carolina, University of; 113. Planning Committee, Library of Congress, 18-20, Jlrotes and Decisions on the A$plication of the Decimal 101-108. ClassiJication, 72. Points for Users of D. C. Numbers on L. C. Cards, 72. Notz, Rebecca L., 128, 132. Poleman, Horace I., 5, 50, 65. Nyrud, Mary, 65. Pomrenze, Seymour J., 62. 0 Porter, Henry Kirke, 89. Porter, Katherine Anne, 7. Obear, Legare H., 84. Portner, Mi!dred C., 7, 84. Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations, 64. Pound, Roscoe, 57. Office of Information, 23. Powell, C. Percy, 74. Office of Naval Research, 16, 55, 81, 89, Powell, Eugene C., 84. Office of Scientific Research and Development Powers, William E., 7. Project, 14, 16, 54, 55, 70, 81, 88. Pride, Armistead, S., 68. Office of Strategic Services, 64. Priest, Anna May, 86. Office of Technical Services, 14, 32, 34. Princeton Conference, 112. Office of the Secretary, 81-83. Prints and Photographs Division, 51; collections, Office of the Superintendent, 82. 107; publications, 122. Official Gazettes, 64. Processed Publications, List of, 123-1 24. Oglebay, Robert S., 86, 128, 132. Processing Department, '73, 81, 82, 83, 110; func- One hundred selected books now available . . ,113. tions, 21 ;publications, 122. Orders. Card Division, 76. Professional Forum, 84. Organization of the Collections, 31, 69-81. Progressive National Committee, gift, 42. Orientalia Division, 26, 30, 48, 49, 73-74; publi- Public AJ'airs Abstracts (423 issues), 28. cations, 122, 124. Public catalogs, 75. Orne, Jerrold, 7. Public documents, 107. OSRD, see Office of Scientific Research and De- Publications, 28; exchange, 67; exhibit catalogs, velopment Project. 58; foreign, 68; list, 120-127; members of staff, P 28; new projects, 58; program, 106. Pacific Aeronautical Index, 36. Pughe, George A., Jr., 7. Pacific Council, 89. Putnam, Herbert, Librarian of Congress (1899- Palmer, Theodore Sherman, 52. 1939), 5, 111. Pamphlet collection, 32. Plumb, Milton M., Jr., 5. Pan American Union, 94. Paraguay, legal literature, 58. Parker, Alice Lee, 5, 6. Qz~arferlyJournal of Current Acquisitions, 9, 35,6l, 67. Parsons, Henry S., 5. Quattlebaum, Charles A., 131. Patznt Relations of Employers and Employees, 34. Patterson,. Donald G., 5. R Peck, Gustav, 132. Rackstraw, Elsie, 5. Pedreira, Antonio S., 39. ' Radiation Laboratory, 55. Peiping National Library, 49. Radigan, James P., Jr., 6. Pendleton, May H., 86. Rare Books Divisions, 31, 53; collections, 107; Pennell bequest, 52. publications, 122. Pennell, Fund Committee, 52. Ray, C. Eldon, 7. Permanent Loan Account, 89; statistics, 168. Reader and Reference Service, statistics, 117-1 19. Personnel, 21, 83; statistics, 153, 155. Reading rooms, 29; rare books, 53; services, 31- Peru National Library, 39-40. 33; statistics, 117-1 19. Peter Force Collection, 107. Receipts, by source, fiscal years 1946 and 1947, Philadelphia Union Catalog, 78. 142. Philippine Islands, 58. Recording Laboratory, 46, 48, 90; statistics, 140. Photoduplication Laboratory, 30; established, 34; Records of the House of Representatives, 81. prints and photographs, 52. Records Section, 81. INDEX

Reference Department, bibliographic service, 81; Siamese Embassy, 56. functions, 21; publications, 124; service to other Siegfried, William P., 7. libraries, 105; services, 29-59; statistics, 117-1 19. Sioussat, St. George Leakin, 5. Reference Services, 29-59. Slaughter, Mary V., 88. Registration Entries, Copyright Office, 95. Slavic Cataloging Project, 71, 78. Religious Book Week, 56. Small, Norman J., 130. Reports, 28; published by committees, 132; un- Smith, C. R., 56. published, 128-1 32. Smith, George E., 6, 80 Requests, 116. Smith, Louis C., 93. . Research 11, 12, 107. Smith, Robert C., 7, 53. Resignations, 86-87. Smith, Xenophon P., 5, 87. Retirements, 86-87. Smithsonian Division, 54. Richardson, Robert Dale, 55. Smithsonian Institution, 56, 89. Rings, Eleanor, 131. Snide, Harold E., 131. Robert Todd Lincoln Collection, 34. Snyder, John W., 4. Rock, Mary M., 84. Social Research Council, 64. Rockefeller Foundation, 34, 44, 53, 71, 82. . Society of American Foresters, 53. Rogers, Edgar F., 87. Soule, Byron A., 7. Roismann, Josef, 47. Southeast Asia, 7935-45, a Selected List of Reference Rosenwald, Lessing J., 19, 101. Books, 50. Rossiter, William W., 7. Sowerby,-E. Millicent, 6. Ruggles, Bertram L., 131. Spaatz, Carl, 56. Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in the Library of Con- S'ecial Libraries, 113. gress,70, 73. Special Services Section. Card Division, 76. Russia: A check list Preliminary to a Basic Bibliogra- Special Service to Congress, 24-28. phy, 58- Specialized services, 35. Russian Book Chamber, 71. Spencer, Theodore, 7. Ruthven Deane Collection, 52. Spillers, Roy H., 88. Ryan, Kenneth N., 7. Spivacke, Harold S., 5. "Spread of Roman Type in the First Century of Printing", 56. St. Louis City Art Museum, 52. Stack and Reader Division, 30, 31. Sales Section, Card Division, 76. Staff Advisory Committee, 84. Sanborn, Herbert J., 5. Staff Discussion Groups, 83-84. Sanchez, Manuel, 7, 62. State Censuses; an Annotated Bibliogra3hy Censuses Sarkissian, Arshag O., 131. of Population Taken After the Year 7800 by States Schlichting, Leo, 56. and Territories of the United States, 34. Schwegmann, George A., Jr., 7. State Department, 39, 46, 53, 59, 65, 67, 89. Science, the Endless Frontier, 14. State Law Section, 16, 21, 28, 82; unpublished Science and Technology Project, 16, 20, 54, 55, reports, 129-1 30. 82. Statistics, acquisitions, 60; appropriations, 21, Sebald, William Joseph, 6. 171; books issued, 32; collection, 60; depart- Secrest, Robert T., 84. ments, 139-1 55; employees, 21 ; finance, 156- Secretarial Section, 81. 168; loans to members of Congress, 33; readers, Select List of Utllocaled Resfarch Books, 79. 32; serials, 32; study rooms users, 32; surplus Semmig, Arthur D., 5. books, 65; visitors, 169. Serials Division, 30; service, 32. Statutes at Large, 58. Service to individuals, 105. Statutory Criminal Law of Germany, 42. Severn, James A., Jr., 84. Stewart, Nathaniel, J., 6. Seymour, Charles, 7. Still, Samuel H., Jr., 129. , Shapiro, Karl, 6, 7. Stonborough Coilection, 89. Shaw, Ralph R., 19, 101. Stout, George Leslie, 6, 31. Sheldon, Mrs. French, gift, 42. Straus, Oscar S. (addition) gift, 42. Shelf?&, 72. Studies of Descr$tive Cataloging, 17. Shelving, 29. Study rooms, 32, 105. Shively, John R., 5, 50. Subject Cataloging Division, 71, 73, 81; publica- Shurberg, Merwin, 131. tions, 122-1 23; statistics, 145-1 46. INDEX

Subject headings, 71, 110. Venezuela, legal literature, 58. Subject Headings Used in the Dictionary Catalogs oj* Veterans' Administration, 16, 64-65, 67, 89. the Libracy of Congress, 71. Virginia, University of, 58. Summaries of Hearings, (664 hearings covered), 28. Visitors, statistics, 169. Superintendent of Documents, 58. Vollbehr Collection, 107. Supply Office, 82. Surplus Books Project, 16, 64, 82. Swing, Raymond Gram, (addition) gift, 42. Wabeke, Bertus H., 5, 66. Swingle, Walter T., 6. Wagman, Frederick H., 5, 6. T Walker, Alva B., 5. Tait, Harry V., 87. Walker, James L., 88. Talbot, Matilda, 57. Walker, John, 7. Talking Books, see Division for the Blind. Walter, Alpheus L., Jr., 5, 87-88. Tansill, William R., 131, 132. Wang Chung-min, 49. Tate, Allen, 7. War Assets Administration, 64. Tate, Elizabeth, 83. War Department, 42, 88, 150. Warner, Sam Bass, 7, 98. Taube, Mortimer, 6, 55, 62, 88. , Technical Information Section, 55. Warner Brothers Picture, 34. Technical Oil Mission, 34. Warren, Robert Penn, 7. Tennessee Sesquicentennial Exhibit, 55, 56, 58. Warren, Sidney, 83. Texas, exhibit, 56, 58. Washington Documents Center, 50, 51. Thomen, Harold O., 5. Waterman, Richard A., 48. Thompson, Madeline C., 84. Waters, Edward N., 5. Thorp, Willard, 7. Watkins, Arthur V., 56. Toner Collection, 53. Watson, Willard, 84. Translations, prepared, 30. Webb, Willard, 5, 84, 87. Travis, Don Carlos, 62. Welland, Jennie, 129. Trust Fund Board, 4, 89; statistics, 168. Wells, Gabriel, 67. Turner, Kurt Robert, 130. Wengenroth, Stow, 6. White, William Allen, gift, 42; papers, 67. Whitfield, Francis J., 7. UNESCO, see United Nations Educational, Whittall, Gertrude Clarke, 5, 89; see also Scientific and Cultural Organization. trude Clarke Whittall Foundation. U. P. W. A., see United Public Workers of Wiggs, Raymond, 131. America. Wilcox, Jerome, 113. Union Catalog, 12, 77-79; Division 77-79, 81; Wilcox, Walter W., 86. card production, 110-1 11; card series, 72-73; Wilder, Elizabeth, 53. cataloging arrangement, 114-1 15; cooperative Wilder, Tom V., 131. cataloging, 69-70; publications, 123, 124; sta- Williams, Lewis J., 131. tistics, 79, 147. Wilson, H. W., 76. Union Catalog of Hebraica, 50. Wilson, Ida F., 83. Union List of ~VfinoJilrns,44. Wilson, Woodrow, 31. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cul- Wilson, (Mrs.) Woodrow, (Edith Bolling), 3 tural Organization, 13, 109-1 10, 112. Wing, Conway P., gift, 42. United Public Workers of America, 84. Wise, Edith C., 84. United States history, 106. Woodrow Wilson Memorial Library, 73. United States National Commission for UNESCO, Wright, Jesse W., 86. 13. Wright, Marlene D., 5, 7. United Slates Quarterly Book Lisl, 59, 82. Wright, Walter Livingston, Jr., 7, 19. United States Savings Bonds, 90. Wroth, Lawrence C., 6. Uribe White, Enrique, 39. Y Utah, centenary exhibit, 56. Yakobson, Sergius, 6, 1-32. Yurchenco, Henrietta, 48. Valeo, Francis R., 131. z Vanderbilt, Paul, 5, 15, 115. VQzquez, Secundino, 6. Zuckerman, Irving, 86.