DOCSLIB.ORG

Beaufort Herald2010 Iss1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Beaufort Herald2010 Iss1 Beaufort Herald Beaufort Companye January 2010 Volume 4, Issue 1 Inside this issue: Welcome to 2010 —its later than you think The Siege of London 2 drink, household retainers and servants, the John Judde 3 growth of the middle class, plus religion. If you have any ideas we can use for this or Battle of Dornach 1499 4 you are interested in taking part please contact Allan JAYNE E .. Picture Gallery 5 Camp Followers 6 Making weekend with Sarah 7 Thursfield Lou & Adams wedding 8 Beaufort website 8 Alternative Bosworth 8 Cookery Corner 8 Richard III Society Talk Following from the success last year the In the next issuer: Richard III society for Nottingham and Lincoln has requested another talk on Sat- ♦ Ralph Arken 2005 urday 20th March at Huthwaite. ♦ Henry V ordnances The theme is “the medieval household” ♦ Elizabeth Shore and they would like something on food & Chris has been busy recruiting ♦ Wars of the Roses in Ireland The picture on the right is from For the worse) over time. Next Issue— February a long long time ago, in a re- In my case, I think the only enactment group far far away thing I have left out of that (The Stafford's). But it would kit is the buckler, every- be good to get more old pho- thing else has been either tos of members. upgraded, worn out, not up to scratch by compari- Possibly do a then and now, son with what I know with a small piece on what you liked then and what has now. A changed (for the better or Gold Angel 1 The Siege of London , 1471 Beaufort Companye Newsletter The Lancastrian disaster at Tewkesbury on the 4 May was not the end of fighting in 1471 as on the day before Thomas Neville, the Bastard of Fauconberg, unaware of his kinsmen’s death at Barnet, had landed in Kent with 300 men of the Calais Garrison intent on inciting rebellion in support of Warwick. By the 12 May Fauconberg had been reinforced with men from the Cinque Ports, Kent , Essex and Surrey and, de- spite now being aware of Edward IV’s victory, sailed up the Thames demanding entry into the capital intent on releasing Henry VI. The mayor and council refused and mustering the cities various knights, al- derman, esquires and gentry placed them under the command of the Earl of Essex and Lord Rivers determined to resist the rebels. Fauconberg at once launched an assault across London Bridge , but despite setting fire to the gate, was pushed back after fierce fighting. The following day the rebels attempted to cross the Thames upstream at Kingston Bridge in order to attack Westminster but Earl Rivers had already strengthened the defences and Fauconberg was once again forced to withdraw. The following day the rebels were back in Southwark and at 11.00am they commenced a bombardment of the city with cannon whilst at the same launching a fresh assault across London Bridge . Simultaneously attacks were made on Aldgate and Bishops Gate on the north east side of the city by the men of Essex who had crossed the river the night before under cover of darkness. On the north bank of the Thames the royal guns initially matched the rebels shot for shot but with more and more houses set on fire many were forced to withdraw. However the royal guns mounted on the end of London Bridge were able to remain in position and succeeded in sweeping the bridge clear of attackers with a sustained and lethal crossfire. On the north bank the rebel attack faired little better and although they managed to initially capture the Aldwark Outwork the citizens repelled them by dropping the portcullis and after regrouping launched a counter attack led by Alderman Bassett. At the same time having already been negotiating with one of Cla- Earl Rivers issued forth from the Tower’s Byward postern gate and rence’s heralds. The remaining rebels waited lead- caught the rebels in their exposed flank who, now faced with attack on erless at Blackheath until the morning of 20 May two sides, broke and fled. The Earl of Essex now led a charge out of before dispersing on hearing of the approach of Bishops Gate and routed the opposition there, chasing the rebels back to Edward IV who arrived outside the city at Blackwall, slaughtering as many as 700 as they attempted to regain their Shoreditch on the 21 May 1471. ships. The following morning Henry VI was dead On the south bank, and with him the end of the House of Lan- the remaining re- caster. Although initially Edward dealt se- bels retired de- verely with the rebels executing many of feated to Black- the leaders and imposing heavy fines oth- heath and on the ers by July he had issued pardons to the 18 May Faucon- Calais Garrison and by October a general berg abandoned pardon to all involved. For his part Faucon- them to their fate berg, who had surrendered to Gloucester and, with the re- on the 26 May and received a pardon, mains of the Cal- was subsequently caught once again plot- ais Garrison, ting rebellion and in September declared sailed to Sandwich a traitor and executed, his head adorning to await the King London Bridge looking towards Kent. and offer his sur- render, Ian Brandt 2 Beaufort Companye Newsletter Personalities of the Wars of the Roses John Judde: Master of the Kings Ordnance Judde was born 1415 and the Calendar of Patent Rolls and Close Rolls refer to him as an Esquire, Citizen and Merchant of London. In 1448 he was one of the King’s Serjeants at Arms commissioned to take mariners and soldiers to serve on the sea and in 1450 he was employed to “ arrest” ships in the Port of London for the transport of Lord Rivers and soldiers to Aquitaine. The Issue Rolls re- cords a payment, made on 30 October 1452, to “ John Judde of London, Mer- chant who has lately set out to Bordeaux in the company of Lord Talbot, for 3 months service with 100 ‘hominibus defensiblibus’ (armed men) ”. In 1456 he was tasked with collecting Customs in the Port of Chichester. 1456 Judde was appointed, via Royal Warrant, as Master of the Kings Ord- In March 1460, John Judde, Henry nance for life and contracted to provide Henry VI with 60 Serpentines and Nevill, Alexander Norton, Robert twenty tons of saltpetre and sulphur and within a year he had supplied 26 Ser- Parker, John Carpenter and Dederic pentines and a Culverin for which he received £133 8s 5 ½d as payment. On 25 Tyle were commissioned to employ February 1458 John Judde, Thomas Thorp, Thomas Bettes, William Jakes and whelers, cartwryghtz and other car- Richard Eston were appointed to arrest (employ) the necessary workmen re- penters, stonemasons, smiths, plumb- quired to manufacture (the Kings) bows and on 10 April 1459 a further commis- ers, artificers and workmen for the sion was issued requiring John Judde, Robert Wylbram, Thomas Bettys and works of the Kings Ordnance to fa- William Teyes to employ bowyers, flecchers and stryngers to supply bows, ar- cilitate the carriage of bombards, can- rows and cords with other things necessary to the Office of the Artillery. nons, culvryns, serpentines, cross- bows, bows, arrows, saltpetre, powder In the autumn on 1459 he was commissioned to fit out of ships for the Duke of for cannons, lead, iron and all other Somerset’s failed expedition to recover Calais from the Yorkists and in Decem- stuff for the said Ordnance. Through- ber he received orders to seize ‘all the ordnance and habiliments of war, late of out the summer of 1460 Judde was Richard, the late Duke of York, Richard the late Earl of Warwick and Richard busy organising the transport of arma- the late Earl of Salisbury’ and to ‘visit all castles, fortified towns and fortalices ments from the Tower of London to in the realm and to survey the ordnance and habiliments of war therein, repair- various Royal Castles, including Ken- ing where possible, those that are insufficient by indentures to be made between ilworth and it was while on one of him and the Constables or Keepers thereof’ . In recognition of his loyal service these missions that Judde was mur- he received an annual ‘grant for life of £50 from the Sheriffs of London from dered in St Albans on 22 June 1460. their receipts of the green wax and the subsidy on strangers dwelling in the city. Robert Bale, a London chronicler, wrote that Judde had maliciously con- spired and laboured to ordain and make all things for war to aid the de- struction of the Duke of York and as a result had as ‘wretched an end as only the caitiff deserved’ I Brandt 3 The Battle of DORNACH 22nd July1499 Beaufort Companye Newsletter The Battle of Dornach was the decisive battle of the Swabian Wars (1499) fought between the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian, head of the Swabian League (a confederation of southern German states bordering on Switzerland) and the Swiss Confederacy. Although initially a border dispute, it was used by Maximilian in an attempt to re-assert control over Switzerland, which although nomi- nally a part of the Holy Roman Emperor, gave little more than lip service to the Emperor. A series of minor battles, on the northern and eastern borders of Switzerland in the spring and summer of 1499, re- sulted in victory for the Swiss, who proceeded to plunder the Swabian border territories.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wessex and the Reign of Edmund Ii Ironside
    Chapter 16 Wessex and the Reign of Edmund ii Ironside David McDermott Edmund Ironside, the eldest surviving son of Æthelred ii (‘the Unready’), is an often overlooked political figure. This results primarily from the brevity of his reign, which lasted approximately seven months, from 23 April to 30 November 1016. It could also be said that Edmund’s legacy compares unfavourably with those of his forebears. Unlike other Anglo-Saxon Kings of England whose lon- ger reigns and periods of uninterrupted peace gave them opportunities to leg- islate, renovate the currency or reform the Church, Edmund’s brief rule was dominated by the need to quell initial domestic opposition to his rule, and prevent a determined foreign adversary seizing the throne. Edmund conduct- ed his kingship under demanding circumstances and for his resolute, indefati- gable and mostly successful resistance to Cnut, his career deserves to be dis- cussed and his successes acknowledged. Before discussing the importance of Wessex for Edmund Ironside, it is con- structive, at this stage, to clarify what is meant by ‘Wessex’. It is also fitting to use the definition of the region provided by Barbara Yorke. The core shires of Wessex may be reliably regarded as Devon, Somerset, Dorset, Wiltshire, Berk- shire and Hampshire (including the Isle of Wight).1 Following the victory of the West Saxon King Ecgbert at the battle of Ellendun (Wroughton, Wilts.) in 835, the borders of Wessex expanded, with the counties of Kent, Sussex, Surrey and Essex passing from Mercian to West Saxon control.2 Wessex was not the only region with which Edmund was associated, and nor was he the only king from the royal House of Wessex with connections to other regions.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the French in London Liberty, Equality, Opportunity
    A history of the French in London liberty, equality, opportunity Edited by Debra Kelly and Martyn Cornick A history of the French in London liberty, equality, opportunity A history of the French in London liberty, equality, opportunity Edited by Debra Kelly and Martyn Cornick LONDON INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Published by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU First published in print in 2013. This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY- NCND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN 978 1 909646 48 3 (PDF edition) ISBN 978 1 905165 86 5 (hardback edition) Contents List of contributors vii List of figures xv List of tables xxi List of maps xxiii Acknowledgements xxv Introduction The French in London: a study in time and space 1 Martyn Cornick 1. A special case? London’s French Protestants 13 Elizabeth Randall 2. Montagu House, Bloomsbury: a French household in London, 1673–1733 43 Paul Boucher and Tessa Murdoch 3. The novelty of the French émigrés in London in the 1790s 69 Kirsty Carpenter Note on French Catholics in London after 1789 91 4. Courts in exile: Bourbons, Bonapartes and Orléans in London, from George III to Edward VII 99 Philip Mansel 5. The French in London during the 1830s: multidimensional occupancy 129 Máire Cross 6. Introductory exposition: French republicans and communists in exile to 1848 155 Fabrice Bensimon 7.
    [Show full text]
  • British Royal Ancestry Book 6, Kings of England from King Alfred the Great to Present Time
    GRANHOLM GENEALOGY BRITISH ROYAL ANCESTRY, BOOK 6 Kings of England INTRODUCTION The British ancestry is very much a patchwork of various beginnings. Until King Alfred the Great established England various Kings ruled separate parts. In most cases the initial ruler came from the mainland. That time of the history is shrouded in myths, which turn into legends and subsequent into history. Alfred the Great (849-901) was a very learned man and studied all available past history and especially biblical information. He came up with the concept that he was the 72nd generation descendant of Adam and Eve. Moreover he was a 17th generation descendant of Woden (Odin). Proponents of one theory claim that he was the descendant of Noah’s son Sem (Shem) because he claimed to descend from Sceaf, a marooned man who came to Britain on a boat after a flood. (See the Biblical Ancestry and Early Mythology Ancestry books). The book British Mythical Royal Ancestry from King Brutus shows the mythical kings including Shakespeare’s King Lair. The lineages are from a common ancestor, Priam King of Troy. His one daughter Troana leads to us via Sceaf, the descendants from his other daughter Creusa lead to the British linage. No attempt has been made to connect these rulers with the historical ones. Before Alfred the Great formed a unified England several Royal Houses ruled the various parts. Not all of them have any clear lineages to the present times, i.e. our ancestors, but some do. I have collected information which shows these. They include; British Royal Ancestry Book 1, Legendary Kings from Brutus of Troy to including King Leir.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Group Sheet for Cnut the Great
    Family Group Sheet for Cnut the Great Husband: Cnut the Great Birth: Bet. 985 AD–995 AD in Denmark Death: 12 Nov 1035 in England (Shaftesbury, Dorset) Burial: Old Minster, Winchester. Bones now in Winchester Cathedral Father: King Sweyn I Forkbeard Mother: Wife: Emma of Normandy Birth: 985 AD Death: 06 Mar 1052 in Winchester, Hampshire Father: Richard I Duke of Normandy Mother: Gunnor de Crepon Children: 1 Name: Gunhilda of Denmark F Birth: 1020 Death: 18 Jul 1038 Spouse: Henry III 2 Name: Knud III Hardeknud M Birth: 1020 in England Death: 08 Jun 1042 in England Burial: Winchester Cathedral, Winchester, England Notes Cnut the Great Cnut the Great From Wikipedia, (Redirected from Canute the Great) Cnut the Great King of all the English, and of Denmark, of the Norwegians, and part of the Swedes King of Denmark Reign1018-1035 PredecessorHarald II SuccessorHarthacnut King of all England Reign1016-1035 PredecessorEdmund Ironside SuccessorHarold Harefoot King of Norway Reign1028-1035 PredecessorOlaf Haraldsson SuccessorMagnus Olafsson SpouseÆlfgifu of Northampton Emma of Normandy Issue Sweyn Knutsson Harold Harefoot Harthacnut Gunhilda of Denmark FatherSweyn Forkbeard MotherSigrid the Haughty also known as Gunnhilda Bornc. 985 - c. 995 Denmark Died12 November 1035 England (Shaftesbury, Dorset) BurialOld Minster, Winchester. Bones now in Winchester Cathedral Cnut the Great, also known as Canute or Knut (Old Norse: Knútr inn ríki[1] (c. 985 or 995 - 12 November 1035) was a Viking king of England and Denmark, Norway, and parts of Sweden, whose successes as a statesman, politically and militarily, prove him to be one of the greatest figures of medieval Europe and yet at the end of the historically foggy Dark Ages, with an era of chivalry and romance on the horizon in feudal Europe and the events of 1066 in England, these were largely 'lost to history'.
    [Show full text]
  • Medieval and Early Modern Heroes As
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 3-31-2016 Chosen Champions: Medieval and Early Modern Heroes as Postcolonial Reactions to Tensions between England and Europe Jessica Trant Labossiere University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Medieval Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Labossiere, Jessica Trant, "Chosen Champions: Medieval and Early Modern Heroes as Postcolonial Reactions to Tensions between England and Europe" (2016). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6289 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i Chosen Champions: Medieval and Early Modern Heroes as Postcolonial Reactions to Tensions between England and Europe by Jessica Trant-LaBossiere A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy with a concentration in Literature Department of English College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Nicole Guenther Discenza, Ph.D. Sara Munson Deats, Ph.D. Elaine Treharne, Ph.D. Jay Zysk, Ph.D. Date of Approval: April 8, 2016 Keywords: Postcolonial, Medieval, Henry V, Arthur, Beowulf Copyright ©2016, Jessica Trant-LaBossiere DEDICATION
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Introduction: the Urban Gothic of the British Home Front
    Notes 1 Introduction: The Urban Gothic of the British Home Front 1. The closest material consists of articles about Elizabeth Bowen, but even in her case, the wartime work has been relatively under-explored in terms of the Gothic tradition. Julia Briggs mentions Bowen’s wartime writing briefly in her article on “The Ghost Story” (130) and Bowen’s pre-war ghost stories have been examined as Gothic, particularly her short story “The Shadowy Third”: see David Punter (“Hungry Ghosts”) and Diana Wallace (“Uncanny Stories”). Bowen was Anglo-Irish, and as such has a complex relationship to national identity; this dimension of her work has been explored through a Gothic lens in articles by Nicholas Royle and Julian Moynahan. 2. Cultural geography differentiates between “place” and “space.” Humanist geographers like Yi-Fu Tuan associate place with security and space with free- dom and threat (Cresswell 8) but the binary of space and place falls into the same traps as all binaries: one pole tends to be valorised and liminal positions between the two are effaced. I use “space” because I distrust the nostalgia that has often accreted around “place,” and because – as my discussion of post- imperial geographies will show – even clearly demarcated places are sites of incorrigibly intersecting mobilities (Chapter 2). In this I follow the cultural geographers who contend that place is constituted by reiterative practice (Thrift; Pred) and is open and hybrid (Massey). 3. George Chesney’s The Battle of Dorking: Reminiscences of a Volunteer (1871) was one of the earliest of these invasion fictions, and as the century advanced a large market for the genre emerged William Le Queux was the most prolific writer in the genre, his most famous book being The Invasion of 1910, With a Full Account of the Siege of London (1906).
    [Show full text]
  • SATH Year Book – Volume 11 – 1997
    � HISTORY TEACHING REVIEW S.A.T.H. � YEARBOOK M. Dalad1e.r- ot Ft-anct: fa\lOt..H"t.d �rolion '"sofar ac.. ·,t �ve o'!hu- nation!> "The opporWn'il'y � � sacritces tor Fr'ance. (��' l¼E" CQl.{FER£NCE" NEl-l ( '-- �D)OUllMED, �E" �L BrlNG. ._,I NEft>E'O Foll A Q)HF'ER_£1'1CE" '--' Of AME�ICAfJ� To DECH)£ W!-10 I{.\� 1H.E"1R �LIC'f, If /t,Nt- � .<, -.,-,,7l a-, N<un.lli ot G<nnony litvil"IOtf of Ru:s:ssa 5a.d. 1'-iata.II "1e Cap.talt$1 UJC)IJid co-opel"atc. ;t CJUYbod.'f :Sysiem net.ded wJaS a �Kk of' dynamite.. Jr wa-. would.!I- G<nnany _.,11,;"<'l· felt11-t.u hL W1':i, f"ryl� io -tum 11-te occa.s,on info an Economic Confere,,ce and he wa'i. vo!c:d no8"1tlem•n. 9RILLIANT �OCESS 01"ll\E' COMS:!REHCI' $0 M"'-•----------- (Co11yr,9hl Ill 11/1 couu(ric1.) VOLUME 11 1997 THE YEAR BOOK OF THE SCOTTISH ASSOCIATION OF TEACHERS OF HISTORY HISTORY TEACHING REVIEW YEARBOOK EDITOR: ANDREW HUNT VOLUME II 1997 Biographical Notes on the contributors Editorial William Shakespeare. the Wars of the Roses and Richard III Keith Dockray The Scottish Women's Suffrage Movement Elspeth King The Scottish Trade Union Movement c.1850 to 1914 Dr William Kenefick A 'Fine Harvest'?- Women's Achievements since the Vote was Won Esther Breitenbach Interpreting the Weimar Republic Dr Jeremy Leaman Britain and the Great Depression Dr Patricia Clavin Reviews H.
    [Show full text]
  • Switzerland's Political System
    Switzerland’s Political System 2nd updated and enlarged edition Miroslav Vurma 1. Introduction 2. Brief history of Switzerland 3. Swiss federal system 3.1 Federal Council 3.2 Swiss Parliament 3.3 Supreme judicial authorities 4. Division of powers between the federation, cantons and communes 5. Swiss Armed Forces 6. Political parties 7. Initiative and the referendum 8. Participation in direct democracy 8.1 Political exclusion of foreigners 8.2 Brief comparison with Europe 9. Conclusion 10. References 1. Introduction Switzerland is a small alpine state in the west of Europe and it seems today to be one of the most privileged countries in the world. In its history, Switzerland has survived successfully and remained independent when its neighbors were engaged in destructive confl icts. Nowadays, the country, with more than 8.4 million permanent residents1, enjoys one of the highest living standards among industrialized countries and the political stability of Switzerland is impressive. This article describes how it is possible that a country with four languages, two religions and diff erent ethnic groups could achieve such a high level of political culture. However, it would be completely inaccurate to think of Switzerland as a country without historical, political or social unrest and armed confrontations. In Switzerland, direct democracy, as 1 Federal Statistical Offi ce: Population (2017) ― 120 ― Switzerland’s Political System 2nd updated and enlarged edition（Miroslav Vurma） a component to indirect democracy, was established in early 19th century and has been developed further since then. The right of citizens to be directly involved in political decision-making is the central part of the Swiss modern direct democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace of Basel Treaty
    Peace Of Basel Treaty Reese remains inviable after Arturo window-shop tender-heartedly or contemporize any notoungulates. Wake bullying taxonomically while terminal Jan change felly or interpellated penitentially. Carson trucks sleekly if chiefly Randi redescribing or dogmatise. It is of treaty between the city is why register for criminal treaties on every person who formerly lived under this authority electoral mandate or The Basel Peace Office encourages peace and disarmament activists to tender the new firm on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 'ban. Canton Basel-Landschaft Switzerland Genealogy. Peace actions blocking and returning shipments of European wastes from novelty the. International Management of Hazardous Wastes The Basel Convention and Related Legal Rules By. What does so of basel mean Definitionsnet. The Peace of Basel concludes the final war of Swiss independence between the Swabian League and if Old Swiss Confederacy and repulses attempt. Mayors for Peace Briefing 21 Manchester Chapter meeting. As is really case then the majority of treaties on civil liability for environmental damage adopted over you past two decades it daily not yet entered into water The Basel. After Zurich the cities of Bern Basel and Schaffhausen had now become. The jail-armed and allied States opposed the treaty came none are release to join. First Published Extraordinary International Socialist Congress at Basel November. Peace treaties from Paris to Versailles Central to per chapter head the European peace treaties from the First ray of Paris of 30 May 114 at next end bestow the. And sustainable development Registration details are here Basel Peace Office. Albert Schweitzer Nobel Lecture The stage of Peace.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms International 300 N
    INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy.
    [Show full text]
  • Read the Entire Article As PDF…
    TBR’SEURO-AMERICANHERITAGEPROJECT:OFSWISSBLOOD The Swiss IF YOU ARE SWISS, YOU HAVE SOMETHING TO CELEBRATE. Switzerland and America have some shared history, in- terests in common and, more importantly, a shared future. For such a small country, Switzerland has much to be proud of. In many ways Switzerland and America are similar—America is (at least theoretically) a federal union of 50 sov- ereign states, while Switzerland is a confederation of 26 full cantons. Switzerland was neutral until very recently, while America traditionally was neutral or non-interventionist until it was subverted by the likes of Woodrow Wilson and his fellow travelers. BY ARTHUR KEMP &JOHN TIFFANY witzerland is a small nation, about the size of Massa- chusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island together, but a scenic one. Nestled in the Alps, it is one of the most mountainous countries in the world and is entirely sur- rounded by Germany, France, Italy, Austria and tiny SLiechtenstein. (Incidentally, the tallest mountain in Switzerland is one you may not have heard of, not the Matterhorn, but the Du- fourspitze, on the Swiss-Italian border at 15,771 feet. Mont Blanc, which is the tallest of the Alps, is actually in France.) Switzerland has many different names, among them: Schweiz- erische Eidgenossenschaft, Confédération Suisse, Confoederatio Helvetica, all of which mean, in various native languages and Latin, “Swiss Confederation.” The history of this land is very complex, and it is impossible to give more than a “nutshell” version in these pages, but the ear- liest recorded inhabitants of the country now known as Switzer- land were “Old Europeans” called the Rhaetians, who are believed to have been related to the mysterious Etruscans in Italy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Minnix and Mischler Ancestors of Charles Minnix, Sr
    1 THE MINNIX AND MISCHLER ANCESTORS OF CHARLES MINNIX, SR. FRANKLIN COUNTY, VIRGINIA Liber IV ⁵ BY MICHEAL B. MINIX, SR., M.D., Last Edited August 118, 2019 in red MüNCH VON MüNCHENSTEIN-MUTTENZ VON LöWENBERG DE MEIER 365. Alliance Coat of Arms http://www.minnixmischler.com Old High German language surname, Münch, is the German spelling for the Latin word Monachus meaning Monk. Dominus Hugo Monachus I, 1185 AD, Dominus Cunrat Monachus I, de Basilea, 1191 and Hugo Monachus II, 1221 AD were the first family members with the Latin surname Monachus in the Münch Dynasty family. Utilization of Münch surname translation from Latin afterwards began. See rules for pronunciation below. Konrad Münch, Old High German surname, married Katharina von Löwenberg in 1371. Löwenberg means Lion Mountain. The Münch Dynasty acquired and ruled Muttenz, acquired from the Löwenberg Dynasty, Switzerland and assimilated the Löwenberg maternal properties with Münch paternal properties. 2 After the marriage, the Lion Castle coat of arms, inherited by Katharina, heir of the Löwenburg Dynasty and the Münch coast of arms were united. An alliance between the two great dynasties and an alliance coat of arms, pictured above, resulted. The original Münch von Münchenstein coat of arms has only the Monk on shield. The Dynasty became a Holy Roman German Empire Reichstag, imperial state, until about 1499. 365. Family crest on tomb of Konrad Münch von Landskron (d.1371) and in St. Arbogast Church when repaired following 1356 earthquake p36-37. Translation: “At the first written mention in 1196 Münchenstein was still called Kekingen, in 1270 appeared in a deed of donation of the cathedral of Basel the name Geckingen.” “In 1259, the hamlet with mill, between the New World and St.
    [Show full text]